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Billings A, Kaiser C, Young CM, Hiebert LS, Cole E, Wagner JKS and Van Dover CL (2017), "SyPRID sampler: A large-volume, high-resolution, autonomous, deep-ocean precision plankton sampling system", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 137, pp. 297-306.
Abstract: The current standard for large-volume (thousands of cubic meters) zooplankton sampling in the deep sea is the MOCNESS, a system of multiple opening–closing nets, typically lowered to within 50 m of the seabed and towed obliquely to the surface to obtain low-spatial-resolution samples that integrate across 10 s of meters of water depth. The SyPRID (Sentry Precision Robotic Impeller Driven) sampler is an innovative, deep-rated (6000 m) plankton sampler that partners with the Sentry Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to obtain paired, large-volume plankton samples at specified depths and survey lines to within 1.5 m of the seabed and with simultaneous collection of sensor data. SyPRID uses a perforated Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight (UHMW) plastic tube to support a fine mesh net within an outer carbon composite tube (tube-within-a-tube design), with an axial flow pump located aft of the capture filter. The pump facilitates flow through the system and reduces or possibly eliminates the bow wave at the mouth opening. The cod end, a hollow truncated cone, is also made of UHMW plastic and includes a collection volume designed to provide an area where zooplankton can collect, out of the high flow region. SyPRID attaches as a saddle-pack to the Sentry vehicle. Sentry itself is configured with a flight control system that enables autonomous survey paths to low altitudes. In its verification deployment at the Blake Ridge Seep (2160 m) on the US Atlantic Margin, SyPRID was operated for 6 h at an altitude of 5 m. It recovered plankton samples, including delicate living larvae, from the near-bottom stratum that is seldom sampled by a typical MOCNESS tow. The prototype SyPRID and its next generations will enable studies of plankton or other particulate distributions associated with localized physico-chemical strata in the water column or above patchy habitats on the seafloor.
BibTeX:
@article{Billings2017,
  author = {Billings, A and Kaiser, C and Young, C M and Hiebert, L S and Cole, E and Wagner, J K S and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {SyPRID sampler: A large-volume, high-resolution, autonomous, deep-ocean precision plankton sampling system},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {297--306},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.007}
}
Bourque JR, Robertson CM, Brooke S and Demopoulos AWJ (2017), "Macrofaunal communities associated with chemosynthetic habitats from the U.S. Atlantic margin: A comparison among depth and habitat types", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 137, pp. 42-55.
Abstract: Hydrocarbon seeps support distinct benthic communities capable of tolerating extreme environmental conditions and utilizing reduced chemical compounds for nutrition. In recent years, several locations of methane seepage have been mapped along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope. In 2012 and 2013, two newly discovered seeps were investigated in this region: a shallow site near Baltimore Canyon (BCS, 366–412 m) and a deep site near Norfolk Canyon (NCS, 1467–1602 m), with both sites containing extensive chemosynthetic mussel bed and microbial mat habitats. Sediment push cores, suction samples, and Ekman box cores were collected to quantify the abundance, diversity, and community structure of benthic macrofauna (textgreater300 μm) in mussel beds, mats, and slope habitats at both sites. Community data from the deep site were also assessed in relation to the associated sediment environment (organic carbon and nitrogen, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, grain size, and depth). Infaunal assemblages and densities differed both between depths and among habitat types. Macrofaunal densities in microbial mats were four times greater than those present in mussel beds and slope sediments and were dominated by the annelid families Dorvilleidae, Capitellidae, and Tubificidae, while mussel habitats had higher proportions of crustaceans. Diversity was lower in BCS microbial mat habitats, but higher in mussel and slope sediments compared to NCS habitats. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed specific sediment properties as important for distinguishing the macrofaunal communities, including larger grain sizes present within NCS microbial mat habitats and depleted stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in sediments present at mussel beds. These results suggest that habitat differences in the quality and source of organic matter are driving the observed patterns in the infaunal assemblages, including high β diversity and high variability in the macrofaunal community composition. This study is the first investigation of seep infauna along the U.S. Atlantic slope north of the Blake Ridge Diapir and provides a baseline for future regional comparisons to other seep habitats along the Atlantic margin.
BibTeX:
@article{Bourque2017,
  author = {Bourque, J R and Robertson, C M and Brooke, S and Demopoulos, A W J},
  title = {Macrofaunal communities associated with chemosynthetic habitats from the U.S. Atlantic margin: A comparison among depth and habitat types},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {42--55},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.012}
}
Brooke SD, Watts MW, Heil AD, Rhode M, Mienis F, Duineveld GCA, Davies AJ and Ross SW (2017), "Distributions and habitat associations of deep-water corals in Norfolk and Baltimore Canyons, Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 137, pp. 131-147.
Abstract: A multi-disciplinary study of two major submarine canyons, Baltimore Canyon and Norfolk Canyon, off the US mid-Atlantic coast focused on the ecology and biology of canyon habitats, particularly those supporting deep-sea corals. Historical data on deep-sea corals from these canyons were sparse with less than 750 records for the mid-Atlantic region, with most being soft sediment species. This study substantially increased the number of deep-sea coral records for the target canyons and the region. Large gorgonians were the dominant structure-forming coral taxa on exposed hard substrates, but several species of scleractinians were also documented, including first observations of Lophelia pertusa in the mid-Atlantic Bight region. Coral distribution varied within and between the two canyons, with greater abundance of the octocoral Paragorgia arborea in Baltimore Canyon, and higher occurrence of stony corals in Norfolk Canyon; these observations reflect the differences in environmental conditions, particularly turbidity, between the canyons. Some species have a wide distribution (e.g., P. arborea, Primnoa resedaeformis, Anthothela grandiflora), while others are limited to certain habitat types and/or depth zones (e.g., Paramuricea placomus, L. pertusa, Solenosmilia variabilis). The distribution of a species is driven by a combination of factors, which include availability of appropriate physical structure and environmental conditions. Although the diversity of the structure-forming corals (gorgonians, branching scleractinians and large anemones) was low, many areas of both canyons supported high coral abundance and a diverse coral-associated community. The canyons provide suitable habitat for the development of deep-sea coral communities that is not readily available elsewhere on the sedimented shelf and slope of the Mid-Atlantic Bight.
BibTeX:
@article{Brooke2017,
  author = {Brooke, S D and Watts, M W and Heil, A D and Rhode, M and Mienis, F and Duineveld, G C A and Davies, A J and Ross, S W},
  title = {Distributions and habitat associations of deep-water corals in Norfolk and Baltimore Canyons, Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {131--147},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.008}
}
Hansman RL, Thurber AR, Levin LA and Aluwihare LI (2017), "Methane fates in the benthos and water column at cold seep sites along the continental margin of Central and North America", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 120, pp. 122-131.
Abstract: The potential influence of methane seeps on carbon cycling is a key question for global assessments, but the study of carbon cycling in surface sediments and the water column of cold seep environments is complicated by the high temporal and spatial variability of fluid and gas fluxes at these sites. In this study we directly examined carbon sources supporting benthic and planktonic food webs at venting methane seeps using isotopic and molecular approaches that integrate this variability. At four seep environments located along North and Central America, microorganisms from two size fractions were collected over several days from 2800 to 9050 l of seawater to provide a time-integrated measure of key microbial groups and the carbon sources supporting the overall planktonic microbial community. In addition to water column measurements, the extent of seafloor methane release was estimated at two of the sites by examining the stable carbon isotopic signature (δ13C) of benthic metazoan infauna. This signature reveals carbon sources fueling the base of the food chain and thus provides a metric that represents a time-integrated view of the dominant microbial processes within the sediment. The stable carbon isotopic composition of microbial DNA (δ13C-DNA), which had values between −17.0 and −19.5‰, indicated that bulk planktonic microbial production was not ultimately linked to methane or other 13C-depleted seep-derived carbon sources. Instead these data support the importance of organic carbon derived from either photo- or chemoautotrophic CO2 fixation to the planktonic food web. Results of qPCR of microbial DNA sequences coding for a subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase gene (pmoA) showed that only a small percentage of the planktonic microbial community were potential methane oxidizers possessing pmoA (textless5% of 16S rRNA gene copies). There was an overall decrease of 13C-depleted carbon fueling the benthic metazoan community from 3 to 5 cm below the seafloor to the sediment surface, reflecting limited use of isotopically depleted carbon at the sediment surface. Rare methane emission as indicated by limited aerobic methane oxidation acts to corroborate our findings for the planktonic microbial community.
BibTeX:
@article{Hansman2017,
  author = {Hansman, R L and Thurber, A R and Levin, L A and Aluwihare, L I},
  title = {Methane fates in the benthos and water column at cold seep sites along the continental margin of Central and North America},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {120},
  pages = {122--131},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.016}
}
Scott JJ, Glazer BT and Emerson D (2017), "Bringing microbial diversity into focus: high-resolution analysis of iron mats from the L''ihi Seamount", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., jan, 2017. Vol. 19(1), pp. 301-316.
Abstract: Thirty kilometers south of the island of Hawaii lies the Lihi Seamount, an active submarine volcano that hosts a network of low-temperature hydrothermal vents enriched in ferrous iron that supports extensive microbial mats. These mats, which can be a half a meter deep, are composed of ferric iron bound to organic polymers - the metabolic byproduct of iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria. Though the role of Zetaproteobacteria in mat formation is well established, we have a limited understanding of how differences in diversity are related to mat morphology. We used Minimum Entropy Decomposition and ZetaOtu classification to demonstrate cryptic diversity between closely related Zetaproteobacteria while showing habitat and geographic specificity. Veiled mats, common structures at Lihi, exhibit distinct community composition and contain diversity not detected in other mat types, including specific Zetaproteobacteria and an unclassified Gammaproteobacteria. Our analyses also indicate that diversity can change dramatically across small spatial transects from points of active venting, yet we found comparatively few differences between major sampling sites. This study provides a better picture of the microbiome responsible for iron mat production at Lihi and has broad implications for our understanding of these globally distributed communities.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000393587200032,
  author = {Scott, Jarrod J and Glazer, Brian T and Emerson, David},
  title = {Bringing microbial diversity into focus: high-resolution analysis of iron mats from the L''ihi Seamount},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {301--316},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13607}
}
Szitkar F, Tivey MA, Kelley DS, Karson JA, Fruh-Green GL and Denny AR (2017), "Magnetic exploration of a low-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal site (Lost City, 30 degrees N, MAR)", EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS., mar, 2017. Vol. 461, pp. 40-45.
Abstract: A 2003 high-resolution magnetic survey conducted by the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABE over the low-temperature, ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal field Lost City reveals a weak positive magnetic anomaly. This observation is in direct contrast to recent observations of strong positive magnetic anomalies documented over the high-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vents fields Rainbow and Ashadze, which indicates that temperature may control the production of magnetization at these sites. The Lost City survey provides a unique opportunity to study a field that is, to date, one of a kind, and is an end member of ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems. Our results highlight the key contribution of temperature on magnetite production resulting from serpentinization reactions. Whereas high temperature promotes significant production and partitioning of iron into magnetite, low temperature favors iron partitioning into various alteration phases, resulting in a magnetite-poor rock. Moreover, the distribution of magnetic anomalies confirms results of a previous geological survey indicating the progressive migration of hydrothermal activity upslope. These discoveries contribute to the results of 25 yrs of magnetic exploration of a wide range of hydrothermal sites, from low- to high temperature and from basalt- to ultramafic-hosted, and thereby validate using high-resolution magnetics as a crucial parameter for locating and characterizing hydrothermal sites hosting unique chemosynthetic-based ecosystems and potentially mineral-rich deposits. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000394193000005,
  author = {Szitkar, Florent and Tivey, Maurice A and Kelley, Deborah S and Karson, Jeffrey A and Fruh-Green, Gretchen L and Denny, Alden R},
  title = {Magnetic exploration of a low-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal site (Lost City, 30 degrees N, MAR)},
  journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {461},
  pages = {40--45},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.033}
}
Schnur SR, Chadwick Jr. WW, Embley RW, Ferrini VL, de Ronde CEJ, Cashman KV, Deardorff ND, Merle SG, Dziak RP, Haxel JH and Matsumoto H (2017), "A decade of volcanic construction and destruction at the summit of NW Rota-1 seamount: 2004-2014", JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH. 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA, mar, 2017. Vol. 122(3), pp. 1558-1584. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION.
Abstract: Arc volcanoes are important to our understanding of submarine volcanism because at some sites frequent eruptions cause them to grow and collapse on human timescales. This makes it possible to document volcanic processes. Active submarine eruptions have been observed at the summit of NW Rota-1 in the Mariana Arc. We use remotely operated vehicle videography and repeat high-resolution bathymetric surveys to construct geologic maps of the summit of NW Rota-1 in 2009 and 2010 and relate them to the geologic evolution of the summit area over a 10year period (2004-2014). We find that 2009 and 2010 were characterized by different eruptive styles, which affected the type and distribution of eruptive deposits at the summit. Year 2009 was characterized by ultraslow extrusion and autobrecciation of lava at a single eruptive vent, producing a large cone of blocky lava debris. In 2010, higher-energy explosive eruptions occurred at multiple closely spaced vents, producing a thin blanket of pebble-sized tephra overlying lava flow outcrops. A landslide that occurred between 2009 and 2010 had a major effect on lithofacies distribution by removing the debris cone and other unconsolidated deposits, revealing steep massive flow cliffs. This relatively rapid alternation between construction and destruction forms one end of a seamount growth and mass wasting spectrum. Intraplate seamounts, which tend to grow larger than arc volcanoes, experience collapse events that are orders of magnitude larger and much less frequent than those occurring at subduction zone settings. Our results highlight the interrelated cyclicity of eruptive activity and mass wasting at submarine arc volcanoes.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000399660300001,
  author = {Schnur, Susan R and Chadwick Jr., William W and Embley, Robert W and Ferrini, Vicki L and de Ronde, Cornel E J and Cashman, Katharine V and Deardorff, Nicholas D and Merle, Susan G and Dziak, Robert P and Haxel, Joe H and Matsumoto, Haru},
  title = {A decade of volcanic construction and destruction at the summit of NW Rota-1 seamount: 2004-2014},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
  publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {122},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1558--1584},
  doi = {10.1002/2016JB013742}
}
Marlow J, Borrelli C, Jungbluth SP, Hoffman C, Marlow J, Girguis PR and Team A-36 (2017), "Telepresence is a potentially transformative tool for field science", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA, may, 2017. Vol. 114(19), pp. 4841-4844. NATL ACAD SCIENCES.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000400818400021,
  author = {Marlow, Jeffrey and Borrelli, Chiara and Jungbluth, Sean P and Hoffman, Colleen and Marlow, Jennifer and Girguis, Peter R and Team, AT-36},
  title = {Telepresence is a potentially transformative tool for field science},
  journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
  publisher = {NATL ACAD SCIENCES},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {114},
  number = {19},
  pages = {4841--4844},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1703514114}
}
Johansen C, Todd AC and MacDonald IR (2017), "Time series video analysis of bubble release processes at natural hydrocarbon seeps in the Northern Gulf of Mexico", Marine and Petroleum Geology. Vol. 82, pp. 21-34.
Abstract: This research quantifies the rate and volume of oil and gas released from two natural seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico: lease blocks GC600 (1200 m depth) and MC118 (850 m depth). Our objectives were to determine variability in release rates and bubble size at five individual vents and to investigate the effects of tidal fluctuations on bubble release. Observations with autonomous video cameras captured the formation of individual bubbles as they were released through partially exposed deposits of gas hydrate. Image processing techniques determined bubble type (oily, gaseous, and mixed: oily and gaseous), size distribution, release rate, and temporal variations (observation intervals ranged from 3 h to 26 d). A semi-automatic bubble counting algorithm was developed to analyze bubble count and release rates from video data. This method is suitable for discrete vents with small bubble streams commonly seen at seeps and is adaptable to multiple in situ set-ups. Two vents at GC600 (Birthday Candles 1 and Birthday Candles 2) were analyzed. They released oily bubbles with an average diameter of 5.0 mm at a rate of 4.7 bubbles s−1, and 1.3 bubbles s−1, respectively. Approximately 1 km away, within the GC600 seep site, two more vents (Mega Plume 1 and Mega Plume 2) were analyzed. These vents released a mixture of oily and gaseous bubbles with an average diameter of 3.9 mm at a rate of 49 bubbles s−1, and 81 bubbles s−1, respectively. The fifth vent at MC118 (Rudyville) released gaseous bubbles with an average diameter of 3.0 mm at a rate of 127 bubbles s−1. Pressure records at Mega Plume and Rudyville showed a diurnal tidal cycle (24.5 h). Rudyville was the only vent that demonstrated any positive correlation (ρ = 0.60) to the 24.5 h diurnal tidal cycle. However, these observations were not conclusive regarding tidal effects on bubble release.
BibTeX:
@article{Johansen2017,
  author = {Johansen, C and Todd, A C and MacDonald, I R},
  title = {Time series video analysis of bubble release processes at natural hydrocarbon seeps in the Northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {21--34},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.014}
}
LaBella AL, Van Dover CL, Jollivet D and Cunningham CW (2017), "Gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins in three lineages of deep-sea clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) and subsequent limited gene flow within the Atlantic", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 137, pp. 307-317.
Abstract: Pliocardiin (vesicomyid) clams rely on microbial symbionts for nutrition and are obligate inhabitants of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. Unlike many other invertebrate hosts of chemosynthetic microbes, pliocardiin clams are found in every ocean in a variety of reducing habitats, including hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, organic falls and deep-sea fans. The global distribution of pliocardiin clams suggests historical gene flow between ocean basins. We focus on 3 pliocardiin genera—‘Pliocardia' I, Calyptogena and Abyssogena—each of which has a pair of sister clades in the Atlantic and Pacific. Our work tests the hypothesis that historical gene flow between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans within these genera was interrupted by the closure of the Panamanian seaway and tests whether isolation between the ocean basins is the result of vicariance or past colonization. These questions are investigated in the context of fossil evidence, biogeography and phylogenetics. This study revealed a set of substitution rates consistent with other invertebrate studies (μ=0.8%/My/lineage), and a set consistent with much lower rates often attributed to deep-sea organisms (μ=0.3%/My/lineage). Among the Pacific/Atlantic sister pairs, ‘Pliocardia' I COI divergence per lineage is intermediate (2.5%), Calyptogena is the highest (6.1%) and Abyssogena the lowest (0.8%). The substitution rates suggest that ‘Pliocardia' I and Calyptogena have histories of at least 2.8 My in the Atlantic, with Calyptogena likely older. The slower rate, however, is inconsistent with both the maximum age of the family and several well studied fossils: leaving the faster rate preferred. With the faster rate, the Abyssogena southwardae clade diverged from its Pacific sister clade around 1 Mya, which likely post-dates the closure of the Isthmus of Panama and the opening of the Bering Strait. In light of this recent divergence, we test the previously proposed hypothesis that there is a high level of ongoing gene flow between Atlantic populations of A. southwardae. A. southwardae has colonized a broad geographic range of seep sites including the West Florida Escarpment, the Barbados Accretionary Prism, the Lobes of Congo, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge north and south of the Romanche Transform Fault. Coalescent methods detect gene flow between Barbados and the Mid-Atlantic ridge; and between the West Florida Escarpment and the Lobes of Congo. All other comparisons failed to detect gene flow, contrary to prevailing interpretations of connectivity across the entire Atlantic Basin.
BibTeX:
@article{LaBella2017,
  author = {LaBella, A L and Van Dover, C L and Jollivet, D and Cunningham, C W},
  title = {Gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins in three lineages of deep-sea clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) and subsequent limited gene flow within the Atlantic},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {307--317},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.08.013}
}
Lee JM, Eltgroth SF, Boyle EA and Adkins JF (2017), "The transfer of bomb radiocarbon and anthropogenic lead to the deep North Atlantic Ocean observed from a deep sea coral", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 458, pp. 223-232.
Abstract: Deep-ocean, View the MathML sourceΔC14, Pb concentrations, and Pb isotopes were reconstructed from a deep-sea coral Enallopsammia rostrata from 1410 m depth off of Bermuda. Our high-resolution time series is created from closely spaced radial cross sections, with samples taken from the center of concentric coral growth bands that we show to be the oldest portion of the section. Prebomb radiocarbon ages from the coral demonstrate that the vertical growth rate of the coral is linear, and the age of the coral is estimated to be 560–630 yr old based on the growth rate. Using this age model to reconstruct View the MathML sourceΔC14 in deep seawater, we first detect bomb radiocarbon at the coral growth site around 1980, and show that View the MathML sourceΔC14 increased from −80±1‰−80±1‰ (average 1930–1979) to a plateau at −39±3‰−39±3‰ (1999–2001). Pb/Ca of the coral ranges between 1.1–4.5 nmol/mol during the 16th and 17th centuries, and Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/207Pb = 1.21, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.495) in this period agree with pre-anthropogenic values found in the pelagic sediments of the North Atlantic Ocean basin. Coral Pb/Ca is slightly elevated to 6.2±0.9 nmol/mol6.2±0.9 nmol/mol between the 1740s and the 1850s and then increases to 25.1±0.2 nmol/mol25.1±0.2 nmol/mol in the 1990s. The increase in coral Pb/Ca is accompanied by a decrease in coral 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb, indicating that the increase was caused by the infiltration of anthropogenic Pb to the coral growth site. Comparing our data to the surface coral View the MathML sourceΔC14 and Pb records from Bermuda reveals a time scale of tracer transport from the surface ocean to the coral growth site. Some characteristic features, e.g., the bomb-derived View the MathML sourceΔC14 increase, appear in the deep ocean approximately 25 yr later than the surface, but the overall increase of View the MathML sourceΔC14 and Pb in the deep ocean is smaller and slower than the surface, showing the importance of mixing during the transport of these tracers.
BibTeX:
@article{Lee2017,
  author = {Lee, J M and Eltgroth, S F and Boyle, E A and Adkins, J F},
  title = {The transfer of bomb radiocarbon and anthropogenic lead to the deep North Atlantic Ocean observed from a deep sea coral},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {458},
  pages = {223--232},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.049}
}
Levin LA, Mendoza GF and Grupe BM (2017), "Methane seepage effects on biodiversity and biological traits of macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 137, pp. 26-41.
Abstract: Authigenic carbonate rocks at methane seeps are recognized as hosting diverse and abundant invertebrate assemblages, with potential forcing from fluid seepage and hydrography. Mensurative studies of carbonate macrofauna (textgreater0.3 mm) at Hydrate Ridge, OR revealed little effect of water depth and overlying oxygenation (at 600 m and 800 m) but a large influence of seepage activity on density, taxonomic composition, diversity, and biological traits (feeding, lifestyle, motility, size and calcification). Rocks exposed to active seepage had 3–4× higher total macrofaunal densities than under inactive conditions. Assemblages exhibited higher species richness and reduced evenness (greater dominance) under active seepage than inactive conditions, but no difference in H′ or rarefaction diversity. Actively seeping sites were characterized by errant (motile), bacterial grazing, small- and medium-sized, heavily calcified species, whereas inactive sites exhibited a greater diversity of feeding modes and more burrowers, sessile, large and lightly calcified species. Active rocks supported more exogonid (Syllidae), ampharetid, and cirratulid polychaetes, provannid snails, pyropeltid limpets, nemerteans, and sponges; whereas inactive rocks supported higher densities of ophiuroids, isopods, gammarid amphipods, hydroids, Typosyllis (Syllidae) and tanaids. Transplant experiments, in which rocks were transferred between active and inactive sites at Hydrate Ridge North (600 m), revealed that assemblages respond within 13 months to increase or cessation of seepage, taking on the feeding, size and calcification characteristics of the background fauna at the new site. Lifestyles and motility patterns shifted more slowly as the sessile, attached species did not track seepage as quickly. Provannid snails and pyropeltid limpets rapidly colonized rocks transplanted to active sites and disappeared when transplanted to inactive sites. Given the known variability of fluid fluxes and rapid community response, a mosaic of communities changing in space and time is hypothesized to generate the relatively high species diversity at methane seeps.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2017,
  author = {Levin, L A and Mendoza, G F and Grupe, B M},
  title = {Methane seepage effects on biodiversity and biological traits of macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {26--41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.021}
}
Love B, Lilley M, Butterfield D, Olson E and Larson B (2017), "Rapid variations in fluid chemistry constrain hydrothermal phase separation at the Main Endeavour Field", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
Abstract: Previous work at the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) has shown that chloride concentration in high-temperature vent fluids has not exceeded 510 mmol/kg (94% of seawater), which is consistent with brine condensation and loss at depth, followed by upward flow of a vapor phase toward the seafloor. Magmatic and seismic events have been shown to affect fluid temperature and composition and these effects help narrow the possibilities for sub-surface processes. However, chloride-temperature data alone are insufficient to determine details of phase separation in the upflow zone. Here we use variation in chloride and gas content in a set of fluid samples collected over several days from one sulfide chimney structure in the MEF to constrain processes of mixing and phase separation. The combination of gas (primarily magmatic CO2 and seawater-derived Ar) and chloride data, indicate that neither variation in the amount of brine lost, nor mixing of the vapor phase produced at depth with variable quantities of (i) brine or (ii) altered gas rich seawater that has not undergone phase separation, can explain the co-variation of gas and chloride content. The gas-chloride data require additional phase separation of the ascending vapor-like fluid. Mixing and gas partitioning calculations show that near-critical temperature and pressure conditions can produce the fluid compositions observed at Sully vent as a vapor-liquid conjugate pair or as vapor-liquid pair with some remixing, and that the gas partition coefficients implied agree with theoretically predicted values.
BibTeX:
@article{Love2017,
  author = {Love, B and Lilley, M and Butterfield, D and Olson, E and Larson, B},
  title = {Rapid variations in fluid chemistry constrain hydrothermal phase separation at the Main Endeavour Field},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2017},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GC006550}
}
Ross SW, Rhode M and Brooke S (2017), "Deep-sea coral and hardbottom habitats on the west Florida slope, eastern Gulf of Mexico", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 120, pp. 14-28.
Abstract: Until recently, benthic habitats dominated by deep-sea corals (DSC) appeared to be less extensive on the slope of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) than in the northeast Atlantic Ocean or off the southeastern US. There are relatively few bioherms (i.e., coral-built mounds) in the northern GOM, and most DSCs are attached to existing hard substrata (e.g., authigenically formed carbonate). The primary structure-forming, DSC in the GOM is Lophelia pertusa, but structure is also provided by other living and dead scleractinians, antipatharians (black corals), octocorals (gorgonians, soft corals), hydrocorals and sponges, as well as abundant rocky substrata. The best development of DSCs in the GOM was previously documented within Viosca Knoll oil and gas lease blocks 826 and 862/906 (north-central GOM) and on the Campeche Bank (southern GOM in Mexican waters). This paper documents extensive deep reef ecosystems composed of DSC and rocky hard-bottom recently surveyed on the West Florida Slope (WFS, eastern GOM) during six research cruises (2008–2012). Using multibeam sonar, CTD casts, and video from underwater vehicles, we describe the physical and oceanographic characteristics of these deep reefs and provide size or area estimates of deep coral and hardground habitats. The multibeam sonar analyses revealed hundreds of mounds and ridges, some of which were subsequently surveyed using underwater vehicles. Mounds and ridges in textless525 m depths were usually capped with living coral colonies, dominated by L. pertusa. An extensive rocky scarp, running roughly north-south for at least 229 km, supported lower abundances of scleractinian corals than the mounds and ridges, despite an abundance of settlement substrata. Areal comparisons suggested that the WFS may exceed other parts of the GOM slope in extent of living deep coral coverage and other deep-reef habitat (dead coral and rock). The complex WFS region warrants additional studies to better understand the influences of oceanography and geology on the occurrence of DSC and associated organisms. Protection measures are being considered to ensure the long-term integrity of this diverse ecosystem.
BibTeX:
@article{Ross2017,
  author = {Ross, S W and Rhode, M and Brooke, S},
  title = {Deep-sea coral and hardbottom habitats on the west Florida slope, eastern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {120},
  pages = {14--28},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.005}
}
Sylvan JB, Wankel SD, LaRowe DE, Charoenpong CN, Huber JA, Moyer CL and Edwards KJ (2017), "Evidence for microbial mediation of subseafloor nitrogen redox processes at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 198, pp. 131-150.
Abstract: The role of nitrogen cycling in submarine hydrothermal systems is far less studied than that of other biologically reactive elements such as sulfur and iron. In order to address this knowledge gap, we investigated nitrogen redox processes at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, using a combination of biogeochemical and isotopic measurements, bioenergetic calculations and analysis of the prokaryotic community composition in venting fluids sampled during four cruises in 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2013. Concentrations of NH4+ were positively correlated to dissolved Si and negatively correlated to NO3− + NO2−, while NO2− was not correlated to NO3− + NO2−, dissolved Si or NH4+. This is indicative of hydrothermal input of NH4+ and biological mediation influencing NO2− concentrations. The stable isotope ratios of NO3− (δ15N and δ18O) was elevated with respect to background seawater, with δ18O values exhibiting larger changes than corresponding δ15N values, reflecting the occurrence of both production and reduction of NO3− by an active microbial community. δ15N-NH4+ values ranged from 0‰ to +16.7‰, suggesting fractionation during consumption and potentially N-fixation as well. Bioenergetic calculations reveal that several catabolic strategies involving the reduction of NO3− and NO2− coupled to sulfide and iron oxidation could provide energy to microbes in Loihi fluids, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing of Archaea and Bacteria in the fluids reveals groups known to participate in denitrification and N-fixation. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that microbes are mediating N-based redox processes in venting hydrothermal fluids at Loihi Seamount.
BibTeX:
@article{Sylvan2017,
  author = {Sylvan, Jason B. and Wankel, Scott D. and LaRowe, Douglas E. and Charoenpong, Chawalit N. and Huber, Julie A. and Moyer, Craig L. and Edwards, Katrina J.},
  title = {Evidence for microbial mediation of subseafloor nitrogen redox processes at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {198},
  pages = {131--150},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.029}
}
Syverson DD, Luhmann AJ, Tan CY, Borrok DM, Ding K and Seyfried WE (2017), "Fe isotope fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe during hydrothermal recrystallization: An experimental study at 350 °C and 500 bars", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 200, pp. 87-109.
Abstract: Equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe was determined in acidic chloride-bearing fluid at 350 °C and 500 bars. The study utilized deformable gold-cell technology, which allowed time-series sampling of solution during chalcopyrite recrystallization and isotope exchange. A key element of the experimental design involved the addition of anomalous dissolved 57Fe to an on-going experiment as a means of determining the degree and rate of isotope exchange. Taking explicit account of imposed chemical and isotopic mass balance constraints of Fe in fluid and mineral (chalcopyrite) reservoirs, these data indicate that no more than 1000 h is required for the isotopically anomalous dissolved Fe reservoir to exchange completely with the coexisting chalcopyrite. The experimental calibration of the rate of Fe isotope exchange for the δ57Fe-spiked experiment provides critical insight for the time necessary to achieve Fe isotope exchange in two non-spiked, but otherwise identical experiments. The Fe isotope data indicate that the equilibrium fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe, Δ56FeCpy-Fe (aq), at 350 °C is small, 0.09 ± 0.17‰ (2σ), and is in good agreement with recent theoretical equilibrium predictions. Owing to the apparent rate of Fe isotope exchange at 350 °C, it is likely that chalcopyrite formed at high temperature deep-sea vents (black smoker systems) achieves isotopic equilibrium, and effectively records the Fe isotopic composition of the coexisting end-member hydrothermal fluid. Comparison of the experimental mineral–fluid equilibrium fractionation factors with conjugate chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe pairs sampled from high temperature hydrothermal vent systems at Axial Caldera and Main Endeavour Field (Juan de Fuca Ridge) are in agreement with this inference. The experimental data were further used to determine the mineral–mineral equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between pyrite-chalcopyrite, Δ56FePyr-Cpy, at 350 °C by combining previously determined pyrite-Fe2+(aq) equilibrium fractionation data with chalcopyrite-Fe2+(aq) from this study. The empirically determined Δ56FePyr-Cpy value, 0.90 ± 0.34‰ (2σ), is consistent with theoretical predictions, and when coupled with mineral–fluid Fe isotope fractionation systematics and experimentally determined exchange rates, helps to delineate processes of sulfide mineralization in hydrothermal systems.
BibTeX:
@article{Syverson2017,
  author = {Syverson, D D and Luhmann, A J and Tan, C Y and Borrok, D M and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E},
  title = {Fe isotope fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe during hydrothermal recrystallization: An experimental study at 350 °C and 500 bars},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {200},
  pages = {87--109},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.002}
}
Beaudoin DJ, Carmichael CA, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Teske AP and Edgcomb VP (2016), "Impact of protists on a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community from deep-sea Gulf of Mexico sediments: A microcosm study", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 129(0), pp. 350-359.
Abstract: In spite of significant advancements towards understanding the dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbial consortia, the impacts (direct or indirect via grazing activities) of bacterivorous protists remain largely unknown. Microcosm experiments were used to examine whether protistan grazing affects the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation capacity of a deep-sea sediment microbial community from an active Gulf of Mexico cold seep. Differences in n-alkane content between native sediment microcosms and those treated with inhibitors of eukaryotes were assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography following 30–90 day incubations and analysis of shifts in microbial community composition using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries. More biodegradation was observed in microcosms supplemented with eukaryotic inhibitors. SSU rRNA gene clone libraries from oil-amended treatments revealed an increase in the number of proteobacterial clones (particularly γ-proteobacteria) after spiking sediments with diesel oil. Bacterial community composition shifted, and degradation rates increased, in treatments where protists were inhibited, suggesting protists affect the hydrocarbon degrading capacity of microbial communities in sediments collected at this Gulf of Mexico site.
BibTeX:
@article{Beaudoin2016,
  author = {Beaudoin, D J and Carmichael, C A and Nelson, R K and Reddy, C M and Teske, A P and Edgcomb, V P},
  title = {Impact of protists on a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community from deep-sea Gulf of Mexico sediments: A microcosm study},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  number = {0},
  pages = {350--359},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064514000216},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.007}
}
Burkett AM, Rathburn AE, Perez EM, Levin LA and Martin JB (2016), "Colonization of over a thousand Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (foraminifera: Schwager, 1866) on artificial substrates in seep and adjacent off-seep locations in dysoxic, deep-sea environments", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 117, pp. 39-50.
Abstract: After ˜1 yr on the seafloor at water depths of ˜700 m on Hydrate Ridge in the Pacific, eight colonization experiments composed primarily of a plastic mesh cube (from here on refered to as SEA3, for Seafloor Epibenthic Attachment Cubes) were colonized by 1076 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi on ˜1841 cm2 of experimental substrate. This species is typically considered an indicator of well-oxygenated conditions, and recruitment of such large numbers in bottom waters with low dissolved oxygen availability (0.24–0.37 mL/L) indicate that this taxon may not be as limited by oxygen as previously thought. Clues about substrate preferences were evident from the distribution, or lack thereof, of individuals among plastic mesh, coated steel frame, wooden dowels and reflective tape. Abundance, individual size distributions within cage populations and isotopic biogeochemistry of living foraminifera colonizing experimental substrates were compared between active seep and adjacent off-seep experiment locations, revealing potential differences between these environments. Few studies have examined foraminiferal colonization of hard substrates in the deep-sea and to our knowledge no previous study has compared foraminiferal colonization of active seep and off-seep substrates from the same region. This study provides initial results of recruitment, colonization, geochemical and morphological aspects of the paleoceanographically significant species, C. wuellerstorfi, from dynamic deep-sea environments. Further experimental deployments of SEA3s will provide a means to assess relatively unknown ecologic dynamics of important foraminiferal deep-sea species.
BibTeX:
@article{Burkett2016,
  author = {Burkett, A M and Rathburn, A E and Perez, Elena M and Levin, L A and Martin, J B},
  title = {Colonization of over a thousand Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (foraminifera: Schwager, 1866) on artificial substrates in seep and adjacent off-seep locations in dysoxic, deep-sea environments},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {39--50},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.08.011}
}
Chadwick WW, Paduan JB, Clague DA, Dreyer BM, Merle SG, Bobbitt AM, Caress DW, Philip BT, Kelley DS and Nooner SL (2016), "Voluminous eruption from a zoned magma body after an increase in supply rate at Axial Seamount", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 43, pp. 12,063-12,070.
Abstract: Axial Seamount is the best monitored submarine volcano in the world, providing an exceptional window into the dynamic interactions between magma storage, transport, and eruption processes in a mid-ocean ridge setting. An eruption in April 2015 produced the largest volume of erupted lava since monitoring and mapping began in the mid-1980s after the shortest repose time, due to a recent increase in magma supply. The higher rate of magma replenishment since 2011 resulted in the eruption of the most mafic lava in the last 500–600 years. Eruptive fissures at the volcano summit produced pyroclastic ash that was deposited over an area of at least 8 km2. A systematic spatial distribution of compositions is consistent with a single dike tapping different parts of a thermally and chemically zoned magma reservoir that can be directly related to previous multichannel seismic-imaging results.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2016,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Paduan, J B and Clague, D A and Dreyer, B M and Merle, S G and Bobbitt, A M and Caress, D W and Philip, B T and Kelley, D S and Nooner, S L},
  title = {Voluminous eruption from a zoned magma body after an increase in supply rate at Axial Seamount},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {12,063--12,070},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GL071327}
}
Edgcomb VP, Pachiadaki M, Mara P, Kormas K, Leadbetter ER and Bernhard JM (2016), "Gene expression profiling of microbial activities and interactions in sediments under haloclines of E. Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins", ISME Journal. Vol. 10, pp. 2643-2657.
Abstract: Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are considered some of the most polyextreme habitats on Earth. In comparison to microbial activities occurring within the haloclines and brines of these unusual water column habitats near the Mediterranean seafloor, relatively little is known about microbial metabolic activities in the underlying sediments. In addition, it is not known whether activities are shaped by the unique chemistries of the different DHAB brines and whether evidence exists for active microbial eukaryotes in those sediments. Metatranscriptome analysis was applied to sediment samples collected using ROV Jason from underneath the haloclines of Urania, Discovery and L'Atalante DHABs and a control site. We report on expression of genes associated with sulfur and nitrogen cycling, putative osmolyte biosynthetic pathways and ion transporters, trace metal detoxification, selected eukaryotic activities (particularly of fungi), microbemicrobe interactions, and motility in sediments underlying the haloclines of three DHABs. Relative to our control sediment sample collected outside of Urania Basin, microbial communities (including eukaryotes) in the Urania and Discovery DHAB sediments showed upregulation of expressed genes associated with nitrogen transformations, osmolyte biosynthesis, heavy metals resistance and metabolism, eukaryotic organelle functions, and cell-cell interactions. Sediments underlying DHAB haloclines that have cumulative physico-chemical stressors within the limits of tolerance for microoorganisms can therefore be hotspots of activity in the deep Mediterranean Sea.
BibTeX:
@article{Edgcomb2016,
  author = {Edgcomb, V P and Pachiadaki, M and Mara, P and Kormas, K and Leadbetter, E R and Bernhard, J M},
  title = {Gene expression profiling of microbial activities and interactions in sediments under haloclines of E. Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins},
  journal = {ISME Journal},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {2643--2657},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2016.58}
}
Garcia MO, Weis D, Jicha BR, Ito G and Hanano D (2016), "Petrology and geochronology of lavas from Ka‘ula Volcano: Implications for rejuvenated volcanism of the Hawaiian mantle plume", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 185, pp. 278-301.
Abstract: Marine surveying and submersible sampling of Ka‘ula Volcano, located 100 km off the axis of the Hawaiian chain, revealed widespread areas of young volcanism. New 40Ar/39Ar and geochemical analyses of the olivine-phyric submarine and subaerial volcanic rocks show that Ka‘ula is shrouded with 1.9–0.5 Ma alkalic basalts. The ages and chemistry of these rocks overlap with rejuvenated lavas on nearby, northern Hawaiian Island shields (Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i and South Kaua‘i Swell). Collectively, these rejuvenated lavas cover a vast area (∼7000 km2), much more extensive than any other area of rejuvenated volcanism worldwide. Ka‘ula rejuvenated lavas range widely in alkalinity and incompatible element abundances (e.g., up to 10× P2O5 at a given MgO value) and ratios indicating variable degrees of melting of a heterogeneous source. Heavy REE elements in Ka‘ula lavas are pinned at a mantle normalized Yb value of 10 ± 1, reflecting the presence of garnet in the source. Trace element ratios indicate the source also contained phlogopite and an Fe–Ti oxide. The new Ka‘ula ages show that rejuvenated volcanism was nearly coeval from ∼0.3 to 0.6 Ma along a 450 km segment of the Hawaiian Islands (from West Maui to north of Ka‘ula). The ages and volumes for rejuvenated volcanism are inconsistent with all but one geodynamic melting model proposed to date. This model advocates a significant contribution of pyroxenite to rejuvenated magmas. Analyses of olivine phenocryst compositions suggest a major (33–69%) pyroxenite component in Ka‘ula rejuvenated lavas, which correlates positively with radiogenic Pb isotope ratios for Ka‘ula. This correlation is also observed in lavas from nearby South Kaua‘i lavas, as was reported for Atlantic oceanic islands. The presence of pyroxenite in the source may have extended the duration and volume of Hawaiian rejuvenated volcanism.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia2016,
  author = {Garcia, M O and Weis, D and Jicha, B R and Ito, G and Hanano, D},
  title = {Petrology and geochronology of lavas from Ka‘ula Volcano: Implications for rejuvenated volcanism of the Hawaiian mantle plume},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {185},
  pages = {278--301},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.025}
}
Garcia-Pineda O, MacDonald I, Silva M, Shedd W, Daneshgar Asl S and Schumaker B (2016), "Transience and persistence of natural hydrocarbon seepage in Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 129, pp. 119-129.
Abstract: Analysis of the magnitude of oil discharged from natural hydrocarbon seeps can improve understanding of the carbon cycle and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) ecosystem. With use of a large archive of remote sensing data, in combination with geophysical and multibeam data, we identified, mapped, and characterized natural hydrocarbon seeps in the Macondo prospect region near the wreck site of the drill-rig Deepwater Horizon (DWH). Satellite image processing and the cluster analysis revealed locations of previously undetected seep zones. Including duplicate detections, a total of 562 individual gas plumes were also observed in multibeam surveys. In total, SAR imagery confirmed 52 oil-producing seep zones in the study area. In almost all cases gas plumes were associated with oil-producing seep zones. The cluster of seeps in the vicinity of lease block MC302 appeared to host the most persistent and prolific oil vents. Oil slicks and gas plumes observed over the DWH site were consistent with discharges of residual oil from the wreckage. In contrast with highly persistent oil seeps observed in the Green Canyon and Garden Banks lease areas, the seeps in the vicinity of Macondo Prospect were intermittent. The difference in the number of seeps and the quantity of surface oil detected in Green Canyon was almost two orders of magnitude greater than in Mississippi Canyon.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia-Pineda2016,
  author = {Garcia-Pineda, O and MacDonald, I and Silva, M and Shedd, W and Daneshgar Asl, S and Schumaker, B},
  title = {Transience and persistence of natural hydrocarbon seepage in Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {119--129},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.011}
}
Gueguen B, Rouxel OJ, Rouget M-L, Bollinger C, Ponzevera E, Germain Y and Fouquet Y (2016), "Comparative geochemistry of four ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean and significance for the use of Ni isotopes as paleoceanographic tracers", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 189, pp. 214-235.
Abstract: Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are potential archive of the Ni isotope composition of seawater through time. In this study we aim at (1) understanding Ni isotope fractionation mechanisms and metal enrichment processes in Fe-Mn deposits, (2) addressing global vs. local control of Ni isotope composition of these deposits. Two Fe-Mn crusts from the North Pacific Ocean (Apuupuu Seamount, Hawaii) and two Fe-Mn crusts from the South Pacific Ocean (near Rurutu Island, Austral archipelago of French Polynesia) were characterized for their elemental geochemistry and Ni isotope composition. Geochemical analyses were performed at millimeter intervals in order to provide time-resolved record of Ni isotopes. Chronology and growth rates were determined using cosmogenic 10Be isotope abundances. The results show that, despite different growth rates, textures and geochemical patterns, Fe-Mn crusts from both North and South Pacific Oceans have fairly homogenous Ni isotope compositions over the last ∼17 Ma, yielding average δ60/58Ni values of 1.79 ± 0.21‰ (2sd, n = 31) and 1.73 ± 0.21‰ (2sd, n = 21) respectively. In one crust sample, however, layers directly in contact with the altered substrate show anomalously light δ60/58Ni values down to 0.25 ± 0.05‰ (2se) together with rejuvenated 10Be/9Be ratios correlating with elevated Ni/Mn ratios. Such patterns are best explained by protracted fluid–rock interactions leading to alteration of Mn-phases after crust formation. Isotopically light Ni would be the result of Ni isotope fractionation during adsorption rather than the contribution of external Ni sources (e.g. hydrothermal sources) having light Ni isotope compositions. The combination of our results with previously published data on Fe-Mn crusts indicates that the average Ni isotope composition in deep waters has not changed through the Cenozoic (∼70 Ma). We propose that Ni isotope variations in Fe-Mn crusts may not only record variations of Ni sources to the oceans, but also post-depositional processes depending on the growth history and geological settings of Fe-Mn crusts.
BibTeX:
@article{Gueguen2016,
  author = {Gueguen, B and Rouxel, O J and Rouget, M-L and Bollinger, C and Ponzevera, E and Germain, Y and Fouquet, Y},
  title = {Comparative geochemistry of four ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean and significance for the use of Ni isotopes as paleoceanographic tracers},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {189},
  pages = {214--235},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.005}
}
Hendrickx ME, Hinojosa-Corona A and Ayon-Parente M (2016), "New records of the deep-sea anemone Phelliactis callicyclus Riemann-Zurneck, 1973 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico", Zootaxa. Vol. 4178, pp. 145-150.
Abstract: Specimens of a deep-sea anemone were observed in photographs and video footage taken with the Remotely Operated Vehicle JASON (WHOI Deep Submergence Laboratory) in the Gulf of California, Mexico, in May 2008. Comparison of our material with photographs and description of this species available in literature indicate that the sea anemones filmed during the JASON survey are most likely to represent Phelliactis callicyclus Riemann-Zurneck, 1973. This species has previously been reported from a locality in the Gulf of California near the present record. During the JASON survey, 28 specimens of P. callicyclus were spotted in 27 locations during six dives. The specimens occurred on angular rock outcrops along the escarpments of the transform faults of the Gulf of California, between depths of 993-2543 m and at temperatures ranging from 2.3 to 4.5 degrees C. Based on these new records, Phelliactis callicyclus appears to be widely spread in the Gulf of California.
BibTeX:
@article{Hendrickx2016,
  author = {Hendrickx, M E and Hinojosa-Corona, A and Ayon-Parente, M},
  title = {New records of the deep-sea anemone Phelliactis callicyclus Riemann-Zurneck, 1973 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Hormathiidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {4178},
  pages = {145--150},
  doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.8}
}
Anantharaman K, Breier JA and Dick GJ (2016), "Metagenomic resolution of microbial functions in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes across the Eastern Lau Spreading Center", ISME JOURNAL., jan, 2016. Vol. 10(1), pp. 225-239.
Abstract: Microbial processes within deep-sea hydrothermal plumes affect ocean
biogeochemistry on global scales. In rising hydrothermal plumes, a
combination of microbial metabolism and particle formation processes
initiate the transformation of reduced chemicals like hydrogen sulfide,
hydrogen, methane, iron, manganese and ammonia that are abundant in
hydrothermal vent fluids. Despite the biogeochemical importance of this
rising portion of plumes, it is understudied in comparison to neutrally
buoyant plumes. Here we use metagenomics and bioenergetic modeling to
describe the abundance and genetic potential of microorganisms in
relation to available electron donors in five different hydrothermal
plumes and three associated background deep-sea waters from the Eastern
Lau Spreading Center located in the Western Pacific Ocean. Three hundred
and thirty one distinct genomic `bins' were identified, comprising an
estimated 951 genomes of archaea, bacteria, eukarya and viruses. A
significant proportion of these genomes is from novel microorganisms and
thus reveals insights into the energy metabolism of heretofore unknown
microbial groups. Community-wide analyses of genes encoding enzymes that
oxidize inorganic energy sources showed that sulfur oxidation was the
most abundant and diverse chemolithotrophic microbial metabolism in the
community. Genes for sulfur oxidation were commonly present in genomic
bins that also contained genes for oxidation of hydrogen and methane,
suggesting metabolic versatility in these microbial groups. The relative
diversity and abundance of genes encoding hydrogen oxidation was
moderate, whereas that of genes for methane and ammonia oxidation was
low in comparison to sulfur oxidation. Bioenergetic-thermodynamic
modeling supports the metagenomic analyses, showing that oxidation of
elemental sulfur with oxygen is the most dominant catabolic reaction in
the hydrothermal plumes. We conclude that the energy metabolism of
microbial communities inhabiting rising hydrothermal plumes is dictated
by the underlying plume chemistry, with a dominant role for sulfur-based
chemolithoautotrophy.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000366671300021,
  author = {Anantharaman, Karthik and Breier, John A and Dick, Gregory J},
  title = {Metagenomic resolution of microbial functions in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes across the Eastern Lau Spreading Center},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {225--239},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2015.81}
}
Klose J, Aistleitner K, Horn M, Krenn L, Dirsch V, Zehl M and Bright M (2016), "Trophosome of the Deep-Sea Tubeworm Riftia pachyptila Inhibits Bacterial Growth", PLOS ONE., jan, 2016. Vol. 11(1)
Abstract: The giant tubeworm Riftia pachyptila lives in symbiosis with the
chemoautotrophic gamma-proteobacterium Cand. Endoriftia persephone.
Symbionts are released back into the environment upon host death in
high-pressure experiments, while microbial fouling is not involved in
trophosome degradation. Therefore, we examined the antimicrobial effect
of the tubeworm's trophosome and skin. The growth of all four tested
Gram-positive, but only of one of the tested Gram-negative bacterial
strains was inhibited by freshly fixed and degrading trophosome
(incubated up to ten days at either warm or cold temperature), while no
effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed. The skin did not show
antimicrobial effects. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric
analysis of the ethanol supernatant of fixed trophosomes lead to the
tentative identification of the phospholipids 1-palmitoleyl-2-lyso-
phosphatidylethanolamine, 2-palmitoleyl-1-lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine
and the free fatty acids palmitoleic, palmitic and oleic acid, which are
known to have an antimicrobial effect. As a result of tissue autolysis,
the abundance of the free fatty acids increased with longer incubation
time of trophosome samples. This correlated with an increasing growth
inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Listeria welshimeri, but not of the
other bacterial strains. Therefore, the free fatty acids produced upon
host degradation could be the cause of inhibition of at least these two
bacterial strains.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000367801400177,
  author = {Klose, Julia and Aistleitner, Karin and Horn, Matthias and Krenn, Liselotte and Dirsch, Verena and Zehl, Martin and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Trophosome of the Deep-Sea Tubeworm Riftia pachyptila Inhibits Bacterial Growth},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146446}
}
Dowell F, Cardman Z, Dasarathy S, Kellermann MY, Lipp JS, Ruff SE, Biddle JF, McKay LJ, MacGregor BJ, Lloyd KG, Albert DB, Mendlovitz H, Hinrichs K-U and Teske A (2016), "Microbial Communities in Methane- and Short Chain Alkane-Rich Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jan, 2016. Vol. 7
Abstract: The hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, an active spreading center
in the Gulf of California (Mexico), are rich in porewater methane,
short-chain alkanes, sulfate and sulfide, and provide a model system to
explore habitat preferences of microorganisms, including
sulfate-dependent, methane- and short chain alkane-oxidizing microbial
communities. In this study, hot sediments (above 60 degrees C) covered
with sulfur-oxidizing microbial mats surrounding a hydrothermal mound
(termed ``Mat Mound'') were characterized by porewater geochemistry of
methane, C-2-C-6 short-chain alkanes, sulfate, sulfide, sulfate
reduction rate measurements, in situ temperature gradients, bacterial
and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and V6 tag pyrosequencing.
The most abundantly detected groups in the Mat mound sediments include
anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea of the ANME-1 lineage and its sister
Glade ANME-1Guaymas, the uncultured bacterial groups SEEP-SRB2 within
the Deltaproteobacteria and the separately branching HotSeep-1 Group;
these uncultured bacteria are candidates for sulfate-reducing alkane
oxidation and for sulfate-reducing syntrophy with ANME archaea. The
archaeal dataset indicates distinct habitat preferences for ANME-1,
ANME-1-Guaymas, and ANME-2 archaea in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal
sediments. The bacterial groups SEEP-SRB2 and HotSeep-1 co-occur with
ANME-1 and ANME-1Guaymas in hydrothermally active sediments underneath
microbial mats in Guaymas Basin. We propose the working hypothesis that
this mixed bacterial and archaeal community catalyzes the oxidation of
both methane and short-chain alkanes, and constitutes a microbial
community signature that is characteristic for hydrothermal and/or cold
seep sediments containing both substrates.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000368893500001,
  author = {Dowell, Frederick and Cardman, Zena and Dasarathy, Srishti and Kellermann, Matthias Y and Lipp, Julius S and Ruff, S Emil and Biddle, Jennifer F and McKay, Luke J and MacGregor, Barbara J and Lloyd, Karen G and Albert, Daniel B and Mendlovitz, Howard and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Microbial Communities in Methane- and Short Chain Alkane-Rich Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {7},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2016.00017}
}
Van Campenhout J, Vanreusel A, Van Belleghem S and Derycke S (2016), "Transcription, Signaling Receptor Activity, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediate the Presence of Closely Related Species in Distinct Intertidal and Cold-Seep Habitats", GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION., jan, 2016. Vol. 8(1), pp. 51-69.
Abstract: Bathyal cold seeps are isolated extreme deep-sea environments
characterized by low species diversity while biomass can be high. The
Hakon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea, 1,280 m) is a rather stable
chemosynthetic driven habitat characterized by prominent surface
bacterial mats with high sulfide concentrations and low oxygen levels.
Here, the nematode Halomonhystera hermesithrives in high abundances
(11,000 individuals 10 cm(-2)). Halomonhystera hermesi is a member of
the intertidal Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex that includes
five cryptic species (GD 1-5). GD1-5's common habitat is characterized
by strong environmental fluctuations. Here, we compared the
transcriptomes of H. hermesi and GD1, H. hermesi's closest relative.
Genes encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation are more
strongly expressed in H. hermesi than in GD1, and many genes were only
observed in H. hermesi while being completely absent in GD1. Both
observations could in part be attributed to high sulfide concentrations
and low oxygen levels. Additionally, fatty acid elongation was also
prominent in H. hermesi confirming the importance of highly unsaturated
fatty acids in this species. Significant higher amounts of transcription
factors and genes involved in signaling receptor activity were observed
in GD1 (many of which were completely absent in H. hermesi), allowing
fast signaling and transcriptional reprogramming which can mediate
survival in dynamic intertidal environments. GC content was
approximately 8% higher in H. hermesi coding unigenes resulting in
differential codon usage between both species and a higher proportion of
amino acids with GC-rich codons in H. hermesi. In general our results
showed that most pathways were active in both environments and that only
three genes are under natural selection. This indicates that also
plasticity should be taken in consideration in the evolutionary history
of Halomonhystera species. Such plasticity, as well as possible
preadaptation to low oxygen and high sulfide levels might have played an
important role in the establishment of a cold-seep Halomonhystera
population.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000370971600005,
  author = {Van Campenhout, Jelle and Vanreusel, Ann and Van Belleghem, Steven and Derycke, Sofie},
  title = {Transcription, Signaling Receptor Activity, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediate the Presence of Closely Related Species in Distinct Intertidal and Cold-Seep Habitats},
  journal = {GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--69},
  doi = {10.1093/gbe/evv242}
}
Meyer JL, Jaekel U, Tully BJ, Glazer BT, Wheat CG, Lin H-T, Hsieh C-C, Cowen JP, Hulme SM, Girguis PR and Huber JA (2016), "A distinct and active bacterial community in cold oxygenated fluids circulating beneath the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic ridge", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS., mar, 2016. Vol. 6
Abstract: The rock-hosted, oceanic crustal aquifer is one of the largest
ecosystems on Earth, yet little is known about its indigenous
microorganisms. Here we provide the first phylogenetic and functional
description of an active microbial community residing in the cold oxic
crustal aquifer. Using subseafloor observatories, we recovered crustal
fluids and found that the geochemical composition is similar to bottom
seawater, as are cell abundances. However, based on relative abundances
and functional potential of key bacterial groups, the crustal fluid
microbial community is heterogeneous and markedly distinct from
seawater. Potential rates of autotrophy and heterotrophy in the crust
exceeded those of seawater, especially at elevated temperatures (25
degrees C) and deeper in the crust. Together, these results reveal an
active, distinct, and diverse bacterial community engaged in both
heterotrophy and autotrophy in the oxygenated crustal aquifer, providing
key insight into the role of microbial communities in the ubiquitous
cold dark subseafloor biosphere.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000371206300001,
  author = {Meyer, Julie L and Jaekel, Ulrike and Tully, Benjamin J and Glazer, Brian T and Wheat, C Geoffrey and Lin, Huei-Ting and Hsieh, Chih-Chiang and Cowen, James P and Hulme, Samuel M and Girguis, Peter R and Huber, Julie A},
  title = {A distinct and active bacterial community in cold oxygenated fluids circulating beneath the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic ridge},
  journal = {SCIENTIFIC REPORTS},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {6},
  doi = {10.1038/srep22541}
}
McKay L, Klokman VW, Mendlovitz HP, LaRowe DE, Hoer DR, Albert D, Amend JP and Teske A (2016), "Thermal and geochemical influences on microbial biogeography in the hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., feb, 2016. Vol. 8(1), pp. 150-161.
Abstract: Extreme thermal gradients and compressed metabolic zones limit the depth
range of microbial colonization in hydrothermally active sediments at
Guaymas Basin. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of
this ecosystem and their influence on microbial community structure.
Temperature-related trends of C-13 values of methane and dissolved
inorganic carbon from 36 sediment cores suggest in situ thermal limits
for microbial anaerobic methane oxidation and organic carbon
re-mineralization near 80 degrees C and 100 degrees C respectively.
Temperature logging probes deposited in hydrothermal sediments for 8
days demonstrate substantial thermal fluctuations of up to 25 degrees C.
Putative anaerobic methanotroph (ANME) populations dominate the archaeal
community, transitioning from ANME-1 archaea in warm surficial sediments
towards ANME-1 Guaymas archaea as temperatures increase downcore. Since
ANME archaea performing anaerobic oxidation of methane double on longer
time scales (months) compared with relatively rapid in situ temperature
fluctuations (hours to days), we conclude that ANME archaea possess a
high tolerance for short-term shifts in the thermal regime.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000371481100019,
  author = {McKay, Luke and Klokman, Vincent W and Mendlovitz, Howard P and LaRowe, Douglas E and Hoer, Daniel R and Albert, Daniel and Amend, Jan P and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Thermal and geochemical influences on microbial biogeography in the hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {150--161},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12365}
}
Georgian SE, DeLeo D, Durkin A, Gomez CE, Kurman M, Lunden JJ and Cordes EE (2016), "Oceanographic patterns and carbonate chemistry in the vicinity of cold-water coral reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: Implications for resilience in a changing ocean", LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY., mar, 2016. Vol. 61(2), pp. 648-665.
Abstract: To accurately assess the threat that global climate change poses to marine systems, a detailed baseline of the current carbonate chemistry and other oceanographic conditions is required. Despite the heightened vulnerability of deep-sea communities to ocean acidification, there have been relatively few studies investigating the carbonate chemistry immediately above cold-water coral reefs. Here, we present data collected during five cruises from 2010 to 2014 in the northern Gulf of Mexico and quantify the carbonate system and other oceanographic parameters in offshore surface-waters, the water column, and at deep benthic sites. Benthic sites containing the scleractinian cold-water coral L. pertusa occurred in waters with a relatively wide temperature range (6.8-13.6 degrees C), low potential density (sigma(theta)=26.9 +/- 0.3 kg m(-3)), low dissolved oxygen concentration (111.3 +/- 2.0 mu mol kg(-1)), low pH(T) (7.87 +/- 0.04), low Omega(ARAG) (1.31 +/- 0.14), and a low availability of carbonate ions (94.4 +/- 9.2 mu mol kg(-1)) compared with L. pertusa habitats in other regions. Based on previous modelling and experimental results, these values place L. pertusa at the edge of its viable niche in the deep Gulf of Mexico. However, significantly elevated total alkalinity (+139-44 mu mol kg(-1)) was detected above large L. pertusa mounds, suggesting that carbonate dissolution within the mounds may be partially ameliorating the direct effects of ocean acidification. Together, these results provide an important baseline for assessing future oceanographic changes in the Gulf of Mexico and for predicting the resilience of cold-water coral reefs to global climate and ocean change.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000372166500012,
  author = {Georgian, Samuel E and DeLeo, Danielle and Durkin, Alanna and Gomez, Carlos E and Kurman, Melissa and Lunden, Jay J and Cordes, Erik E},
  title = {Oceanographic patterns and carbonate chemistry in the vicinity of cold-water coral reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: Implications for resilience in a changing ocean},
  journal = {LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {648--665},
  doi = {10.1002/lno.10242}
}
Jones DS, Flood BE and Bailey JV (2016), "Metatranscriptomic insights into polyphosphate metabolism in marine sediments", ISME JOURNAL., apr, 2016. Vol. 10(4), pp. 1015-1019.
Abstract: Microorganisms can influence inorganic phosphate (P-i) in pore waters,
and thus the saturation state of phosphatic minerals, by accumulating
and hydrolyzing intracellular polyphosphate (poly-P). Here we used
comparative metatranscriptomics to explore microbial poly-P utilization
in marine sediments. Sulfidic marine sediments from methane seeps near
Barbados and from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) oxygen minimum zone were
incubated under oxic and anoxic sulfidic conditions. Pi was sequestered
under oxic conditions and liberated under anoxic conditions. Transcripts
homologous to poly-P kinase type 2 (ppk2) were 6-22 x more abundant in
metatranscriptomes from the anoxic incubations, suggesting that
reversible poly-P degradation by Ppk2 may be an important metabolic
response to anoxia by marine microorganisms. Overall, diverse taxa
differentially expressed homologues of genes for poly-P degradation
(ppk2 and exopolyphosphatase) under different incubation conditions.
Sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms appeared to preferentially express genes
for poly-P degradation under anoxic conditions, which may impact
phosphorus cycling in a wide range of oxygen-depleted marine settings.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000372364000020,
  author = {Jones, Daniel S and Flood, Beverly E and Bailey, Jake V},
  title = {Metatranscriptomic insights into polyphosphate metabolism in marine sediments},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1015--1019},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2015.169}
}
Stewart LC, Llewellyn JG, Butterfield DA, Lilley MD and Holden JF (2016), "Hydrogen and thiosulfate limits for growth of a thermophilic, autotrophic Desulfurobacterium species from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., apr, 2016. Vol. 8(2), pp. 196-200.
Abstract: Hydrothermal fluids (341 degrees C and 19 degrees C) were collected textless1m
apart from a black smoker chimney and a tubeworm mound on the Boardwalk
edifice at the Endeavour Segment in the northeastern Pacific Ocean to
study anaerobic microbial growth in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Geochemical modelling of mixed vent fluid and seawater suggests the
mixture was anoxic above 55 degrees C and that low H-2 concentrations
(79molkg(-1) in end-member hydrothermal fluid) limit anaerobic
hydrogenotrophic growth above this temperature. A thermophilic,
hydrogenotrophic sulfur reducer, Desulfurobacterium strain HR11, was
isolated from the 19 degrees C fluid raising questions about its
H-2-dependent growth kinetics. Strain HR11 grew at 40-77 degrees C
(T-opt 72-75 degrees C), pH 5-8.5 (pH(opt) 6-7) and 1-5% (wt vol(-1))
NaCl (NaClopt 3-4%). The highest growth rates occurred when S2O32- and
S degrees were reduced to H2S. Modest growth occurred by NO3- reduction.
Monod constants for its growth were K-s of 30M for H-2 and K-s of 20M
for S2O32- with a (max) of 2.0h(-1). The minimum H-2 and S2O32-
concentrations for growth were 3M and 5M respectively. Possible sources
of S2O32- and S degrees are from abiotic dissolved sulfide and pyrite
oxidation by O-2.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000372931000004,
  author = {Stewart, Lucy C and Llewellyn, James G and Butterfield, David A and Lilley, Marvin D and Holden, James F},
  title = {Hydrogen and thiosulfate limits for growth of a thermophilic, autotrophic Desulfurobacterium species from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {196--200},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12368}
}
Kellermann MY, Yoshinaga MY, Wegener G, Krukenberg V and Hinrichs K-U (2016), "Tracing the production and fate of individual archaeal intact polar lipids using stable isotope probing", ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY., may, 2016. Vol. 95, pp. 13-20.
Abstract: Analysis of cellular membrane lipids has been widely applied to describe
the microbial community composition in natural systems. When combined
with stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments, deuterium label (D2O)
uptake into lipids enables assessment of microbial biomass production.
We performed SIP on methane-rich, hydrothermally-heated sediments to
examine the de novo production of individual archaeal intact polar
lipids (IPLs) by mesophilic anaerobic methane oxidizing group-1 archaea
(ANME-1). The greatest extent of label uptake was by phosphatidyl
glycerol archaeol (PG-AR), reaching 50% of the medium's label
concentration in only 10 days. This indicates PG-AR as an important cell
membrane lipid during the active growth phase of mesophilic ANME-1. Much
less label uptake was into intact polar glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol
tetraethers (GDGTs), especially for those bound to diglycosidic head
groups. The low production of these GDGTs contrasts with their
predominance in ANME-1-dominated natural samples. We attribute the
differential label uptake among individual IPLs to the ANME-1 tetraether
biosynthetic pathway. This mechanism likely involves head-to-head
condensation of two molecules of PG-AR and progressive substitution of
PG by glycosidic head groups. The observation that ANME-1 invest in the
synthesis of diethers during optimum growth suggests intact ARs and/or
phosphate-bearing tetraethers as important biomarkers for actively
growing populations in natural environments, while the diglycosidic
GDGTs appear to signal stationary ANME-1 communities. (C) 2016 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000372952900002,
  author = {Kellermann, Matthias Y and Yoshinaga, Marcos Y and Wegener, Gunter and Krukenberg, Viola and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe},
  title = {Tracing the production and fate of individual archaeal intact polar lipids using stable isotope probing},
  journal = {ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {13--20},
  doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.02.004}
}
Baquiran J-PM, Ramirez GA, Haddad AG, Toner BM, Hulme S, Wheat CG, Edwards KJ and Orcutt BN (2016), "Temperature and Redox Effect on Mineral Colonization in Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank Subsurface Crustal Fluids", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., mar, 2016. Vol. 7
Abstract: To examine microbe-mineral interactions in subsurface oceanic crust, we
evaluated microbial colonization on crustal minerals that were incubated
in borehole fluids for 1 year at the seafloor wellhead of a crustal
borehole observatory (IODP Hole U1301A, Juan de Fuca Ridge flank) as
compared to an experiment that was not exposed to subsurface crustal
fluids (at nearby IODP Hole U1301B). In comparison to previous studies
at these same sites, this approach allowed assessment of the effects of
temperature, fluid chemistry, and/or mineralogy on colonization patterns
of different mineral substrates, and an opportunity to verify the
approach of deploying colonization experiments at an observatory
wellhead at the seafloor instead of within the borehole. The Hole U1301B
deployment did not have biofilm growth, based on microscopy and DNA
extraction, thereby confirming the integrity of the colonization design
against bottom seawater intrusion. In contrast, the Hole U1301A
deployment supported biofilms dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria (43.5%
of 370 16S rRNA gene clone sequences) and Gammaproteobacteria (29.3%).
Sequence analysis revealed overlap in microbial communities between
different minerals incubated at the Hole U1301A wellhead, indicating
that mineralogy did not separate biofilm structure within the 1-year
colonization experiment. Differences in the Hole U1301A wellhead biofilm
community composition relative to previous studies from within the
borehole using similar mineral substrates suggest that temperature and
the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through plastic components influenced
the mineral colonization experiments positioned at the wellhead. This
highlights the capacity of low abundance crustal fluid taxa to rapidly
establish communities on diverse mineral substrates under changing
environmental conditions such as from temperature and oxygen.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000373276200001,
  author = {Baquiran, Jean-Paul M and Ramirez, Gustavo A and Haddad, Amanda G and Toner, Brandy M and Hulme, Samuel and Wheat, Charles G and Edwards, Katrina J and Orcutt, Beth N},
  title = {Temperature and Redox Effect on Mineral Colonization in Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank Subsurface Crustal Fluids},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {7},
  doi = {10.3339/fmicb.2016.00396}
}
Robador A, LaRowe DE, Jungbluth SP, Lin H-T, Rappe MS, Nealson KH and Amend JP (2016), "Nanocalorimetric Characterization of Microbial Activity in Deep Subsurface Oceanic Crustal Fluids", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., apr, 2016. Vol. 7
Abstract: Although fluids within the upper oceanic basaltic crust harbor a
substantial fraction of the total prokaryotic cells on Earth, the energy
needs of this microbial population are unknown. In this study, a
nanocalorimeter (sensitivity down to 1.2 nW ml(-1)) was used to measure
the enthalpy of microbially catalyzed reactions as a function of
temperature in samples from two distinct crustal fluid aquifers.
Microorganisms in unamended, warm (63 degrees C) and geochemically
altered anoxic fluids taken from 292 meters sub-basement (msb) near the
Juan de Fuca Ridge produced 267.3 mJ of heat over the course of 97 h
during a step-wise isothermal scan from 35.5 to 85.0 degrees C. Most of
this heat signal likely stems from the germination of thermophilic
endospores (6.66 x 10(4) cells ml(-1) FLUID) and their subsequent
metabolic activity at temperatures greater than 50 degrees C. The
average cellular energy consumption (5.68 pW cell(-1)) reveals the high
metabolic potential of a dormant community transported by fluids
circulating through the ocean crust. By contrast, samples taken from 293
msb from cooler (3.8 degrees C), relatively unaltered oxic fluids,
produced 12.8 mJ of heat over the course of 14 h as temperature ramped
from 34.8 to 43.0 degrees C. Corresponding cell-specific energy turnover
rates (0.18 pW cell(-1)) were converted to oxygen uptake rates of 24.5
nmol O-2 ml(-1) FLUID d(-1), validating previous model predictions of
microbial activity in this environment. Given that the investigated
fluids are characteristic of expansive areas of the upper oceanic crust,
the measured metabolic heat rates can be used to constrain boundaries of
habitability and microbial activity in the oceanic crust.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000373321200001,
  author = {Robador, Alberto and LaRowe, Douglas E and Jungbluth, Sean P and Lin, Huei-Ting and Rappe, Michael S and Nealson, Kenneth H and Amend, Jan P},
  title = {Nanocalorimetric Characterization of Microbial Activity in Deep Subsurface Oceanic Crustal Fluids},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {7},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2016.00454}
}
Bowles M, Hunter KS, Samarkin V and Joye S (2016), "Patterns and variability in geochemical signatures and microbial activity within and between diverse cold seep habitats along the lower continental slope, Northern Gulf of Mexico", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY., jul, 2016. Vol. 129, pp. 31-40.
Abstract: We collected 69 sediment cores from distinct ecological and geological
settings along the deep slope in the Northern Gulf of Mexico to evaluate
whether specific geochemical- or habitat-related factors correlated with
rates of microbial processes and geochemical signatures. By collecting
replicate cores from distinct habitats across multiple sites, we
illustrate and quantify the heterogeneity of cold seep geochemistry and
microbial activity. These data also document the factors driving unique
aspects of the geochemistry of deep slope gas, oil and brine seeps.
Surprisingly little variation was observed between replicate (n=2-5)
cores within sites for most analytes (except methane), implying that the
common practice of collecting one core for geochemical analysis can
capture the signature of a habitat in most cases. Depth-integrated
concentrations of methane, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and calcium
were the predominant geochemical factors that correlated with a site's
ecological or geological settings. Pore fluid methane concentration was
related to the phosphate and DIC concentration, as well as to rates of
sulfate reduction. While distinctions between seep habitats were
identified from geochemical signatures, habitat specific geochemistry
varied little across sites. The relative concentration of dissolved
inorganic nitrogen versus phosphorus suggests that phosphorus
availability limits biomass production at cold seeps. Correlations
between calcium, chloride, and phosphate concentrations were indicative
of brine-associated phosphate transport, suggesting that in addition to
the co-migration of methane, dissolved organic carbon, and ammonium with
brine, phosphate delivery is also associated with brine advection. (C)
2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000378670800005,
  author = {Bowles, Marshall and Hunter, Kimberley S and Samarkin, Vladimir and Joye, Samantha},
  title = {Patterns and variability in geochemical signatures and microbial activity within and between diverse cold seep habitats along the lower continental slope, Northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {31--40},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.011}
}
Martens CS, Mendlovitz HP, Seim H, Lapham L and D'Emidio M (2016), "Sustained in situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, methane and water transport processes in the benthic boundary layer at MC118, northern Gulf of Mexico", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY., jul, 2016. Vol. 129, pp. 41-52.
Abstract: Within months of the BP Macondo Wellhead blowout, elevated methane
concentrations within the water column revealed a significant retention
of light hydrocarbons in deep waters plus corresponding dissolved oxygen
(DO) deficits. However, chemical plume tracking efforts were hindered by
a lack of in situ monitoring capabilities. Here, we describe results
from in situ time-series, lander-based investigations of physical and
biogeochemical processes controlling dissolved oxygen, and methane at
Mississippi Canyon lease block 118 (similar to 18 km from the oil spill)
conducted shortly after the blowout through April 2012. Multiple sensor
arrays plus open-cylinder flux chambers (''chimneys'') deployed from
a benthic lander collected oxygen, methane, pressure, and current speed
and direction data within one meter of the seafloor. The ROVARD lander
system was deployed for an initial 21-day test experiment
(9/13/2010-10/04/2010) at 882 m depth before a longer 160-day deployment
(10/24/2011-4/01/2012) at 884 m depth. Temporal variability in current
directions and velocities and water temperatures revealed strong
influences of bathymetrically steered currents and overlying along-shelf
flows on local and regional water transport processes. DO concentrations
and temperature were inversely correlated as a result of water mass
mixing processes. Flux chamber measurements during the 160-day
deployment revealed total oxygen utilization (TOU) averaging 11.6
mmol/m(2) day. Chimney DO concentrations measured during the 21-day
deployment exhibited quasi-daily variations apparently resulting from an
interaction between near inertial waves and the steep topography of an
elevated scarp immediately adjacent to the 21-day deployment site that
modulated currents at the top of the chimney. Variability in dissolved
methane concentrations suggested significant temporal variability in gas
release from nearby hydrocarbon seeps and/or delivery by local water
transport processes. Free-vehicle (lander) monitoring over time scales
of months to years utilizing in situ sensors can provide an
understanding of processes controlling water transport, respiration and
the fate and impacts of accidental and natural gas and oil releases. (C)
2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000378670800006,
  author = {Martens, Christopher S and Mendlovitz, Howard P and Seim, Harvey and Lapham, Laura and D'Emidio, Marco},
  title = {Sustained in situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, methane and water transport processes in the benthic boundary layer at MC118, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {41--52},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.11.012}
}
Reveillaud J, Reddington E, McDermott J, Algar C, Meyer JL, Sylva S, Seewald J, German CR and Huber JA (2016), "Subseafloor microbial communities in hydrogen-rich vent fluids from hydrothermal systems along the Mid-Cayman Rise", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., jun, 2016. Vol. 18(6, SI), pp. 1970-1987.
Abstract: Warm fluids emanating from hydrothermal vents can be used as windows
into the rocky subseafloor habitat and its resident microbial community.
Two new vent systems on the Mid-Cayman Rise each exhibits novel geologic
settings and distinctively hydrogen-rich vent fluid compositions. We
have determined and compared the chemistry, potential energy yielding
reactions, abundance, community composition, diversity, and function of
microbes in venting fluids from both sites: Piccard, the world's deepest
vent site, hosted in mafic rocks; and Von Damm, an adjacent,
ultramafic-influenced system. Von Damm hosted a wider diversity of
lineages and metabolisms in comparison to Piccard, consistent with
thermodynamic models that predict more numerous energy sources at
ultramafic systems. There was little overlap in the phylotypes found at
each site, although similar and dominant hydrogen-utilizing genera were
present at both. Despite the differences in community structure, depth,
geology, and fluid chemistry, energetic modelling and metagenomic
analysis indicate near functional equivalence between Von Damm and
Piccard, likely driven by the high hydrogen concentrations and elevated
temperatures at both sites. Results are compared with hydrothermal sites
worldwide to provide a global perspective on the distinctiveness of
these newly discovered sites and the interplay among rocks, fluid
composition and life in the subseafloor.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000380376700024,
  author = {Reveillaud, Julie and Reddington, Emily and McDermott, Jill and Algar, Christopher and Meyer, Julie L and Sylva, Sean and Seewald, Jeffrey and German, Christopher R and Huber, Julie A},
  title = {Subseafloor microbial communities in hydrogen-rich vent fluids from hydrothermal systems along the Mid-Cayman Rise},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6, SI},
  pages = {1970--1987},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13173}
}
Nooner SL and Chadwick Jr. WW (2016), "Inflation-predictable behavior and co-eruption deformation at Axial Seamount", SCIENCE., dec, 2016. Vol. 354(6318), pp. 1399-1403.
Abstract: Deformation of the ground surface at active volcanoes provides information about magma movements at depth. Improved seafloor deformation measurements between 2011 and 2015 documented a fourfold increase in magma supply and confirmed that Axial Seamount's eruptive behavior is inflation-predictable, probably triggered by a critical level of magmatic pressure. A 2015 eruption was successfully forecast on the basis of this deformation pattern and marked the first time that deflation and tilt were captured in real time by a new seafloor cabled observatory, revealing the timing, location, and volume of eruption-related magma movements. Improved modeling of the deformation suggests a steeply dipping prolate-spheroid pressure source beneath the eastern caldera that is consistent with the location of the zone of highest melt within the subcaldera magma reservoir determined from multichannel seismic results.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000390261300037,
  author = {Nooner, Scott L and Chadwick Jr., William W},
  title = {Inflation-predictable behavior and co-eruption deformation at Axial Seamount},
  journal = {SCIENCE},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {354},
  number = {6318},
  pages = {1399--1403},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aah4666}
}
Jungbluth SP, Bowers RM, Lin H-T, Cowen JP and Rappe MS (2016), "Novel microbial assemblages inhabiting crustal fluids within mid-ocean ridge flank subsurface basalt", ISME Journal. Vol. 10, pp. 2033-2047.
Abstract: Although little is known regarding microbial life within our planet's rock-hosted deep subseafloor biosphere, boreholes drilled through deep ocean sediment and into the underlying basaltic crust provide invaluable windows of access that have been used previously to document the presence of microorganisms within fluids percolating through the deep ocean crust. In this study, the analysis of 1.7 million small subunit ribosomal RNA genes amplified and sequenced from marine sediment, bottom seawater and basalt-hosted deep subseafloor fluids that span multiple years and locations on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank was used to quantitatively delineate a subseafloor microbiome comprised of distinct bacteria and archaea. Hot, anoxic crustal fluids tapped by newly installed seafloor sampling observatories at boreholes U1362A and U1362B contained abundant bacterial lineages of phylogenetically unique Nitrospirae, Aminicenantes, Calescamantes and Chloroflexi. Although less abundant, the domain Archaea was dominated by unique, uncultivated lineages of marine benthic group E, the Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeotic Group, the Bathyarchaeota and relatives of cultivated, sulfate-reducing Archaeoglobi. Consistent with recent geochemical measurements and bioenergetic predictions, the potential importance of methane cycling and sulfate reduction were imprinted within the basalt-hosted deep subseafloor crustal fluid microbial community. This unique window of access to the deep ocean subsurface basement reveals a microbial landscape that exhibits previously undetected spatial heterogeneity.
BibTeX:
@article{Jungbluth2016,
  author = {Jungbluth, S P and Bowers, R M and Lin, H-T and Cowen, J P and Rappe, M S},
  title = {Novel microbial assemblages inhabiting crustal fluids within mid-ocean ridge flank subsurface basalt},
  journal = {ISME Journal},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {2033--2047},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2015.248}
}
Krukenberg V, Harding K, Richter M, Gloeckner FO, Gruber-Vodicka HR, Adam B, Berg JS, Knittel K, Tegetmeyer HE, Boetius A and Wegener G (2016), "Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii, a hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium involved in the thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 18(9), pp. 3073-3091.
Abstract: The anaerobic oxidation ofmethane (AOM) ismediated by consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and their specific partner bacteria. In thermophilic AOM consortia enriched from Guaymas Basin, members of the ANME-1 clade are associated with bacteria of the HotSeep-1 cluster, which likely perform direct electron exchange via nanowires. The partner bacterium was enriched with hydrogen as sole electron donor and sulfate as electron acceptor. Based on phylogenetic, genomic and metabolic characteristics we propose to name this chemolithoautotrophic sulfate reducer Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii. Ca.D. auxilii grows on hydrogen at temperatures between 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C with an activity optimum at 60 degrees C and doubling time of 4-6 days. Its genome draft encodes for canonical sulfate reduction, periplasmic and soluble hydrogenases and autotrophic carbon fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. The presence of genes for pili formation and cytochromes, and their similarity to genes of Geobacter spp., indicate a potential for syntrophic growth via direct interspecies electron transfer when the organism grows in consortia with ANME. This first ANME-free enrichment of an AOM partner bacterium and its characterization opens the perspective for a deeper understanding of syntrophy in anaerobic methane oxidation.
BibTeX:
@article{Krukenberg2016,
  author = {Krukenberg, V and Harding, K and Richter, M and Gloeckner, F O and Gruber-Vodicka, H R and Adam, B and Berg, J S and Knittel, K and Tegetmeyer, H E and Boetius, A and Wegener, G},
  title = {Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii, a hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium involved in the thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {18},
  number = {9},
  pages = {3073--3091},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13283}
}
Lin TJ, Ver Eecke HC, Breves EA, Dyar MD, Jamieson JW, Hannington MD, Dahle H, Bishop JL, Lane MD, Butterfield DA, Kelley DS, Lilley MD, Baross JA and Holden JF (2016), "Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 17, pp. 300-323.
Abstract: Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mössbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282°C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300°C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321°C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 100°C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2− oxidation in the vent fluids, or O2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall.
BibTeX:
@article{Lin2016,
  author = {Lin, T J and Ver Eecke, H C and Breves, E A and Dyar, M D and Jamieson, J W and Hannington, M D and Dahle, H and Bishop, J L and Lane, M D and Butterfield, D A and Kelley, D S and Lilley, M D and Baross, J A and Holden, J F},
  title = {Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {300--323},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GC006091}
}
Macelloni L, Lutken CB, Ingrassia M, D' Emidio M and Pizzi M (2016), "Mesoscale biogeophysical characterization of Woolsey Mound (northern Gulf of Mexico), a new attribute of natural marine hydrocarbon seeps architecture", Marine Geology. Vol. 380, pp. 330-344.
Abstract: Located on the continental slope in 900 m of water, Woolsey Mound dominates seafloor morphology at Mississippi Canyon 118. The carbonate-hydrate mound is the site of the Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium's seafloor observatory to investigate and monitor hydrographic, geophysical, geological, geochemical and biological processes of the hydrocarbon system, northern Gulf of Mexico. Innovative survey and monitoring systems, sensors, and tools have been developed to extract samples and data to unravel the history, character and composition of the site. Many hours of visual data have been collected to investigate benthic communities thriving at the cold seep site associated with the mound. These communities' habitats are described here, for the first time, in terms of faunal assemblage, substrate nature, and presence/absence of chemosynthetic species. Based on these factors, we grouped them into four benthic meso-habitats. We speculate that the spatial distribution of these meso-habitats is large enough to make this characteristic comparable to the geophysical response of the seismo-acoustic systems. We have tested this hypothesis carefully analyzing the relationship between benthic habitats zonation and the geophysical response of Side Scan Sonar, Chirp Subbottom, Surface Source Deep Receiver (SSDR) vertical incidence profiler and 3-D oil industry multichannel data. We observe that the geophysical response is not unique, a single habitat may correlate with many geophysical attributes, or a single geophysical attribute may span many habitats. However, we find that geophysical data can predict seep locations. They can also convey some information concerning community composition and complexity that function as proxies for seep duration/age while specific community components are believed to reflect composition of seep fluids. Although preliminary, this approach represents a novel classification/characterization for seafloor hydrocarbon seeps, one that reflects a historical component.
BibTeX:
@article{Macelloni2016,
  author = {Macelloni, L and Lutken, C B and Ingrassia, M and D' Emidio, M and Pizzi, M},
  title = {Mesoscale biogeophysical characterization of Woolsey Mound (northern Gulf of Mexico), a new attribute of natural marine hydrocarbon seeps architecture},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {380},
  pages = {330--344},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.016}
}
Maher WA, Duncan E, Dilly G, Foster S, Krikowa F, Lombi E, Scheckel K and Girguis P (2016), "Arsenic concentrations and species in three hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgeia piscesae, Paralvinella sulficola and Paralvinella palmiformis", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 116, pp. 41-48.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents are surficial expressions of subsurface geological and hydrological processes. Fluids emitting from active vents are chemically distinct from bottom seawater, and are enriched in dissolved metals and metalloids, including arsenic. Vent organisms accumulate arsenic but the arsenic speciation in these non-photosynthetic organisms is largely unknown. Here, arsenic concentrations and chemical species were measured in three deep sea hydrothermal vent worms (Ridgeia piscesae, Paralvinella sulfincola and Paralvinella palmiformis ) from the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Northwest pacific. R. piscesae has similar arsenic concentrations (3.8–35 µg g−1) to shallow water polychaetes while P. sulfincola and P. palmiformis have significantly higher arsenic concentrations (420–1417 and 125–321 µg g−1 respectively). R. piscesae contains appreciable quantities of inorganic arsenic (36±14%), monomethyl arsenic (2±2%), dimethyl arsenic (34±21%), an unknown methyl arsenical (7±16%), OSO3-arsenosugar (5±9%), TETRA (4±5%), ThioPO4/ThioDMAE (1±2%) and an unknown thio-arsenical (12±14%). These results suggests that host and symbionts are either involved in the methylation of arsenic, or are bathed in fluids enriched in methylated arsenic as a result of free-living microbial activity. The host carrying out methylation, however, cannot be ruled out. In contrast, 96–97% of the arsenic in P. sulfincola and P. palmiformis is inorganic arsenic, likely the result of arsenic precipitation within and upon the mucus they ingest while feeding. While all worms have oxo- and thio arsenosugars (2–30%), Paralvinella also have small amounts of arsenobetaine (textless0.001–0.21%). The presence of arsenosugars, arsenobetaine and other minor arsenic species in the absence of photosynthesising algae/bacteria indicates that they may be formed by vent animals in the absence of sunlight, but at this time their formation cannot be explained.
BibTeX:
@article{Maher2016,
  author = {Maher, W A and Duncan, E and Dilly, G and Foster, S and Krikowa, F and Lombi, E and Scheckel, K and Girguis, P},
  title = {Arsenic concentrations and species in three hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgeia piscesae, Paralvinella sulficola and Paralvinella palmiformis},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {41--48},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.07.009}
}
Martin P, Goodkin NF, Stewart JA, Foster GL, Sikes EL, White HK, Hennige S and Roberts JM (2016), "Deep-sea coral δ13C: A tool to reconstruct the difference between seawater pH and δ11B-derived calcifying fluid pH", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 43, pp. 299-308.
Abstract: The boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of coral skeleton is a proxy for seawater pH. However, δ11B-based pH estimates must account for the pH difference between seawater and the coral calcifying fluid, ΔpH. We report that skeletal δ11B and ΔpH are related to the skeletal carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) in four genera of deep-sea corals collected across a natural pH range of 7.89–8.09, with ΔpH related to δ13C by ΔpH = 0.029 × δ13C + 0.929, r2 = 0.717. Seawater pH can be reconstructed by determining ΔpH from δ13C and subtracting it from the δ11B-derived calcifying fluid pH. The uncertainty for reconstructions is ±0.12 pH units (2 standard deviations) if estimated from regression prediction intervals or between ±0.04 and ±0.06 pH units if estimated from confidence intervals. Our new approach quantifies and corrects for vital effects, offering improved accuracy relative to an existing δ11B versus seawater pH calibration with deep-sea scleractinian corals.
BibTeX:
@article{Martin2016,
  author = {Martin, P and Goodkin, N F and Stewart, J A and Foster, G L and Sikes, E L and White, H K and Hennige, S and Roberts, J M},
  title = {Deep-sea coral δ13C: A tool to reconstruct the difference between seawater pH and δ11B-derived calcifying fluid pH},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {299--308},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GL066494}
}
McNichol J (2016), "Productivity, metabolism and physiology of free-living chemoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria"
Abstract: Chemoautotrophic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977, but not until 1995 were free-living autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria identified as important microbial community members. Because the deep-sea is food-starved, the autotrophic metabolism of hydrothermal vent Epsilonproteobacteria may be very important for deep-sea consumers. However, quantifying their metabolic activities in situ has remained difficult, and biochemical mechanisms underlying their autotrophic physiology are poorly described. To gain insight into environmental processes, an approach was developed for incubations of microbes at in situ pressure and temperature (25 MPa, 24°C) with various combinations of electron donors/acceptors (H2, O2 and NO3 and 13HCO3) as a tracer to track carbon fixation. During short (18-24 h) incubations of low-temperature vent fluids from Crab Spa (9°N East Pacific Rise), the concentration of electron donors/acceptors and cell numbers were monitored to quantify microbial processes. Measured rates were generally higher than previous studies, and the stoichiometry of microbially-catalyzed redox reactions revealed new insights into sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Single-cell, taxonomically-resolved tracer incorporation showed Epsilonproteobacteria dominated carbon fixation, and their growth efficiency was calculated based on electron acceptor consumption. Using these data, in situ primary productivity, microbial standing stock, and average biomass residence time of the deep-sea vent subseafloor biosphere were estimated. Finally, the population structures of the most abundant genera Sulfurimonas and Thioreductor were shown to be strongly influenced by pO2 and temperature respectively, providing a mechanism for niche differentiation in situ. To gain insights into the core biochemical reactions underlying autotrophy in Epsilonprotebacteria, a theoretical metabolic model of Sulfurimonas denitrificans was developed. Validated iteratively by comparing in silico yields with data from chemostat experiments, the model generated hypotheses explaining critical, yet so far unresolved reactions supporting chemoautotrophy in Epsilonproteobacteria. For example, it provides insight into how energy is conserved during sulfur oxidation coupled to denitrification, how reverse electron transport produces ferredoxin for carbon fixation, and why aerobic growth yields are only slightly higher compared to denitrification. As a whole, this thesis provides important contributions towards understanding core mechanisms of chemoautrophy, as well as the in situ productivity, physiology and ecology of autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{McNichol2016,
  author = {McNichol, J},
  title = {Productivity, metabolism and physiology of free-living chemoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/8450}
}
McNichol J, Sylva SP, Thomas F, Taylor CD, Sievert SM and Seewald JS (2016), "Assessing microbial processes in deep-sea hydrothermal systems by incubation at in situ temperature and pressure", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 115, pp. 221-232.
Abstract: At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, a large source of potential chemical energy is created when reducing vent fluid and oxidizing seawater mix. In this environment, chemolithoautotrophic microbes catalyze exergonic redox reactions which in turn provide the energy needed to fuel their growth and the fixation of CO2 into biomass. In addition to producing new organic matter, this process also consumes compounds contained both in vent fluid and entrained seawater (e.g. H2, NO3−). Despite their biogeochemical importance, such reactions have remained difficult to quantify due to methodological limitations. To address this knowledge gap, this study reports a novel application of isobaric gas-tight fluid samplers for conducting incubations of hydrothermal vent fluids at in situ temperature and pressure. Eighteen ˜24 h incubations were carried out, representing seven distinct conditions that examine amendments consisting of different electron donors and acceptors. Microbial activity was observed in all treatments, and time series chemical measurements showed that activity was limited by electron acceptor supply, confirming predictions based on geochemical data. Also consistent with these predictions, the presence of nitrate increased rates of hydrogen consumption and yielded ammonium as a product of nitrate respiration. The stoichiometry of predicted redox reactions was also determined, revealing that the sulfur and nitrogen cycles are incompletely understood at deep-sea vents, and likely involve unknown intermediate redox species. Finally, the measured rates of redox processes were either equal to or far greater than what has been reported in previous studies where in situ conditions were not maintained. In addition to providing insights into deep-sea hydrothermal vent biogeochemistry, the methods described herein also offer a practical approach for the incubation of any deep-sea pelagic sample under in situ conditions.
BibTeX:
@article{McNichol2016a,
  author = {McNichol, J and Sylva, S P and Thomas, F and Taylor, C D and Sievert, S M and Seewald, J S},
  title = {Assessing microbial processes in deep-sea hydrothermal systems by incubation at in situ temperature and pressure},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {115},
  pages = {221--232},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.06.011}
}
Medagoda L, Williams SB, Pizarro O, Kinsey JC and Jakuba MV (2016), "Mid-water current aided localization for autonomous underwater vehicles", Autonomous Robots. Vol. 40(7, SI), pp. 1207-1227.
Abstract: Survey-class autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) typically rely on Doppler Velocity Logs (DVL) for precision localization near the seafloor. In cases where the seafloor depth is greater than the DVL bottom-lock range, localizing between the surface and the seafloor presents a localization problem since both GPS and DVL observations are unavailable in the mid-water column. This work proposes a solution to this problem that exploits the fact that current profile layers of the water column are near constant over short time scales (in the scale of minutes). Using observations of these currents obtained with the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler mode of the DVL during descent, along with data from other sensors, the method discussed herein constrains position error. The method is validated using field data from the Sirius AUV coupled with view-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and on descents up to 3km deep with the Sentry AUV.
BibTeX:
@article{Medagoda2016,
  author = {Medagoda, L and Williams, S B and Pizarro, O and Kinsey, J C and Jakuba, M V},
  title = {Mid-water current aided localization for autonomous underwater vehicles},
  journal = {Autonomous Robots},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {40},
  number = {7, SI},
  pages = {1207--1227},
  doi = {10.1007/s10514-016-9547-3}
}
Mevenkamp L, Van Campenhout J and Vanreusel A (2016), "Experimental evidence for selective settlement of meiofauna from two distinct environments after sediment suspension", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 474, pp. 195-203.
Abstract: The cosmopolitan distribution of many meiofaunal organisms raises questions about their dispersal. The small size and the lack of a planktonic life stage of most meiofauna taxa including free-living nematodes suggest that passive dispersal is a main factor determining their distribution. This study investigates the settling behaviour of meiofauna in a water column under no-flow conditions. Two ex situ settling experiments were conducted with (1) macrophyte associated meiofauna from an intertidal salt marsh and (2) meiofauna of sulphidic sediments associated with bacterial mats from the deep-sea Håkon Mosby mud volcano. Cilyndrical containers filled with sieved seawater were used as settling chambers and five different substrates, placed on the bottom of the containers, were offered to the descending meiofaunal assemblage. The substrates used in experiment 1 were agar with bacteria, agar with Fucus spiralis, sulphidic agar medium, bare agar and an empty Petri dish. For experiment 2 azoic sediment with algae, azoic sediment with bacteria, a sulphidic medium, bare azoic sediment and an empty Petri dish were used. The intertidal experiment revealed that nematodes and nauplius larvae showed four- to tenfold higher densities in the Fucus treatment compared with the controls whereas deep-sea nematode and harpacticoid copepod densities in the sulphide treatment were more than three times higher compared with all other treatments. In both experiments nematode composition did not differ from the reference samples whereas proportions of harpacticoid copepods were increased in the treatments of the deep-sea experiment compared with the reference sample suggesting a better ability to select settlement sites than nematodes. In both experiments meiofauna abundance was highest in substrates with similar characteristics as their original habitat. These findings indicate that some meiofaunal organisms can selectively settle once they are suspended in the water column in the absence of water flow and therefore actively contribute to their dispersal at small spatial scales.
BibTeX:
@article{Mevenkamp2016,
  author = {Mevenkamp, L and Van Campenhout, J and Vanreusel, A},
  title = {Experimental evidence for selective settlement of meiofauna from two distinct environments after sediment suspension},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {474},
  pages = {195--203},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2015.10.005}
}
Mittelstaedt E, Fornari DJ, Crone TJ, Kinsey JC, Kelley DS and Elend MJ (2016), "Diffuse venting at the ASHES hydrothermal field: Heat flux and tidally modulated flow variability derived from in situ time-series measurements", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 17, pp. 1435-1453.
Abstract: Time-series measurements of diffuse exit-fluid temperature and velocity collected with a new, deep-sea camera, and temperature measurement system, the Diffuse Effluent Measurement System (DEMS), were examined from a fracture network within the ASHES hydrothermal field located in the caldera of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge. The DEMS was installed using the HOV Alvin above a fracture near the Phoenix vent. The system collected 20 s of 20 Hz video imagery and 24 s of 1 Hz temperature measurements each hour between 22 July and 2 August 2014. Fluid velocities were calculated using the Diffuse Fluid Velocimetry (DFV) technique. Over the similar to 12 day deployment, median upwelling rates and mean fluid temperature anomalies ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm/s and 0 degrees C to similar to 6.5 degrees C above ambient, yielding a heat flux of 0.29 +/- 0.22 MW M-2 and heat output of 3.1 +/- 2.5 kW. Using a photo mosaic to measure fracture dimensions, the total diffuse heat output from cracks across ASHES field is estimated to be 2.05 +/- 1.95 MW. Variability in temperatures and velocities are strongest at semidiurnal periods and show significant coherence with tidal height variations. These data indicate that periodic variability near Phoenix vent is modulated both by tidally controlled bottom currents and seafloor pressure, with seafloor pressures being the dominant influence. These results emphasize the importance of local permeability on diffuse hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges and the need to better quantify heat flux associated with young oceanic crust.
BibTeX:
@article{Mittelstaedt2016,
  author = {Mittelstaedt, E and Fornari, D J and Crone, T J and Kinsey, J C and Kelley, D S and Elend, M J},
  title = {Diffuse venting at the ASHES hydrothermal field: Heat flux and tidally modulated flow variability derived from in situ time-series measurements},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {1435--1453},
  doi = {10.1002/2015GC006144}
}
Neira NM, Clark JF, Fisher AT, Wheat CG, Haymon RM and Becker K (2016), "Cross-hole tracer experiment reveals rapid fluid flow and low effective porosity in the upper oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 450, pp. 355-365.
Abstract: Numerous field, laboratory, and modeling studies have explored the flows of fluid, heat, and solutes during seafloor hydrothermal circulation, but it has been challenging to determine transport rates and flow directions within natural systems. Here we present results from the first cross-hole tracer experiment in the upper oceanic crust, using four subseafloor borehole observatories equipped with autonomous samplers to track the transport of a dissolved tracer (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6) injected into a ridge-flank hydrothermal system. During the first three years after tracer injection, SF6 was transported both north and south through the basaltic aquifer. The observed tracer transport rate of ∼2–3 m/day is orders of magnitude greater than bulk rates of flow inferred from thermal and chemical observations and calculated with coupled fluid-heat flow simulations. Taken together, these results suggest that the effective porosity of the upper volcanic crust through which much tracer was transported is textless1%, with fluid flowing rapidly along a few well-connected channels. This is consistent with the heterogeneous (layered, faulted, and/or fractured) nature of the volcanic upper oceanic crust.
BibTeX:
@article{Neira2016,
  author = {Neira, N M and Clark, J F and Fisher, A T and Wheat, C G and Haymon, R M and Becker, K},
  title = {Cross-hole tracer experiment reveals rapid fluid flow and low effective porosity in the upper oceanic crust},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {450},
  pages = {355--365},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.048}
}
Prouty NG, Fisher CR, Demopoulos AWJ and Druffel ERM (2016), "Growth rates and ages of deep-sea corals impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 129, pp. 196-212.
Abstract: The impact of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill on deep-sea coral communities in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is still under investigation, as is the potential for these communities to recover. Impacts from the spill include observation of corals covered with flocculent material, with bare skeleton, excessive mucous production, sloughing tissue, and subsequent colonization of damaged areas by hydrozoans. Information on growth rates and life spans of deep-sea corals is important for understanding the vulnerability of these ecosystems to both natural and anthropogenic perturbations, as well as the likely duration of any observed adverse impacts. We report radiocarbon ages and radial and linear growth rates based on octocorals (Paramuricea spp. and Chrysogorgia sp.) collected in 2010 and 2011 from areas of the DWH impact. The oldest coral radiocarbon ages were measured on specimens collected 11 km to the SW of the oil spill from the Mississippi Canyon (MC) 344 site: 599 and 55 cal yr BP, suggesting continuous life spans of over 600 years for Paramuricea biscaya, the dominant coral species in the region. Calculated radial growth rates, between 0.34 μm yr−1 and 14.20 μm yr−1, are consistent with previously reported proteinaceous corals from the GoM. Anomalously low radiocarbon (Δ14C) values for soft tissue from some corals indicate that these corals were feeding on particulate organic carbon derived from an admixture of modern surface carbon and a low 14C carbon source. Results from this work indicate fossil carbon could contribute 5–10% to the coral soft tissue Δ14C signal within the area of the spill impact. The influence of a low 14C carbon source (e.g., petro-carbon) on the particulate organic carbon pool was observed at all sites within 30 km of the spill site, with the exception of MC118, which may have been outside of the dominant northeast–southwest zone of impact. The quantitatively assessed extreme longevity and slow growth rates documented here highlight the vulnerability of these long-lived deep sea coral species to disturbance.
BibTeX:
@article{Prouty2016,
  author = {Prouty, N G and Fisher, C R and Demopoulos, A W J and Druffel, E R M},
  title = {Growth rates and ages of deep-sea corals impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {196--212},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.021}
}
Prouty NG, Sahy D, Ruppel CD, Roark EB, Condon D, Brooke S, Ross SW and Demopoulos AWJ (2016), "Insights into methane dynamics from analysis of authigenic carbonates and chemosynthetic mussels at newly-discovered Atlantic Margin seeps", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 449, pp. 332-344.
Abstract: The recent discovery of active methane venting along the US northern and mid-Atlantic margin represents a new source of global methane not previously accounted for in carbon budgets from this region. However, uncertainty remains as to the origin and history of methane seepage along this tectonically inactive passive margin. Here we present the first isotopic analyses of authigenic carbonates and methanotrophic deep-sea mussels, Bathymodiolus sp., and the first direct constraints on the timing of past methane emission, based on samples collected at the upper slope Baltimore Canyon (∼385 m water depth) and deepwater Norfolk (∼1600 m) seep fields within the area of newly-discovered venting. The authigenic carbonates at both sites were dominated by aragonite, with an average View the MathML sourceδC13 signature of −47‰−47‰, a value consistent with microbially driven anaerobic oxidation of methane-rich fluids occurring at or near the sediment–water interface. Authigenic carbonate U and Sr isotope data further support the inference of carbonate precipitation from seawater-derived fluids rather than from formation fluids from deep aquifers. Carbonate stable and radiocarbon (View the MathML sourceδC13 and View the MathML sourceΔC13) isotope values from living Bathymodiolus sp. specimens are lighter than those of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon, highlighting the influence of fossil carbon from methane on carbonate precipitation. U–Th dates on authigenic carbonates suggest seepage at Baltimore Canyon between 14.7±0.6 ka14.7±0.6 ka to 15.7±1.6 ka15.7±1.6 ka, and at the Norfolk seep field between 1.0±0.7 ka1.0±0.7 ka to 3.3±1.3 ka3.3±1.3 ka, providing constraint on the longevity of methane efflux at these sites. The age of the brecciated authigenic carbonates and the occurrence of pockmarks at the Baltimore Canyon upper slope could suggest a link between sediment delivery during Pleistocene sea-level lowstand, accumulation of pore fluid overpressure from sediment compaction, and release of overpressure through subsequent venting. Calculations show that the Baltimore Canyon site probably has not been within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) in the past 20 ka, meaning that in-situ release of methane from dissociating gas hydrate cannot be sustaining the seep. We cannot rule out updip migration of methane from dissociation of gas hydrate that occurs farther down the slope as a source of the venting at Baltimore Canyon, but consider that the history of rapid sediment accumulation and overpressure may play a more important role in methane emissions at this site.
BibTeX:
@article{Prouty2016a,
  author = {Prouty, N G and Sahy, D and Ruppel, C D and Roark, E B and Condon, D and Brooke, S and Ross, S W and Demopoulos, A W J},
  title = {Insights into methane dynamics from analysis of authigenic carbonates and chemosynthetic mussels at newly-discovered Atlantic Margin seeps},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {449},
  pages = {332--344},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.023}
}
Radice VZ, Quattrini AM, Wareham VE, Edinger EN and Cordes EE (2016), "Vertical water mass structure in the North Atlantic influences the bathymetric distribution of species in the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea", Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 116, pp. 253-263.
Abstract: Deep-sea corals are the structural foundation of their ecosystems along continental margins worldwide, yet the factors driving their broad distribution are poorly understood. Environmental factors, especially depth-related variables including water mass properties, are thought to considerably affect the realized distribution of deep-sea corals. These factors are governed by local and regional oceanographic conditions that directly influence the dispersal of larvae, and therefore affect the ultimate distribution of adult corals. We used molecular barcoding of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences to identify species of octocorals in the genus Paramuricea collected from the Labrador Sea to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada at depths of 150–1500 m. The results of this study revealed overlapping bathymetric distributions of the Paramuricea species present off the eastern Canadian coast, including the presence of a few cryptic species previously designated as Paramuricea placomus. The distribution of Paramuricea species in the western North Atlantic differs from the Gulf of Mexico, where five Paramuricea species exhibit strong segregation by depth. The different patterns of Paramuricea species in these contrasting biogeographic regions provide insight into how water mass structure may shape species distribution. Investigating Paramuricea prevalence and distribution in conjunction with oceanographic conditions can help demonstrate the factors that generate and maintain deep-sea biodiversity.
BibTeX:
@article{Radice2016,
  author = {Radice, V Z and Quattrini, A M and Wareham, V E and Edinger, E N and Cordes, E E},
  title = {Vertical water mass structure in the North Atlantic influences the bathymetric distribution of species in the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {253--263},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.08.014}
}
Raven MR, Sessions AL, Fischer WW and Adkins JF (2016), "Sedimentary pyrite δ34S differs from porewater sulfide in Santa Barbara Basin: Proposed role of organic sulfur", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 186, pp. 120-134.
Abstract: Santa Barbara Basin sediments host a complex network of abiotic and metabolic chemical reactions that knit together the carbon, sulfur, and iron cycles. From a 2.1-m sediment core collected in the center of the basin, we present high-resolution profiles of the concentrations and isotopic compositions of all the major species in this system: sulfate, sulfide (∑H2S), elemental sulfur (S0), pyrite, extractable organic sulfur (OS), proto-kerogen S, total organic and dissolved inorganic carbon, and total and reducible iron. Below 10 cm depth, the core is characterized by low apparent sulfate reduction rates (textless0.01 mM/yr) except near the sulfate-methane transition zone. Surprisingly, pyrite forming in shallow sediments is ∼30‰ more 34S-depleted than coexisting ∑H2S in porewater. S0 has the same strongly 34S-depleted composition as pyrite where it forms near the sediment–water interface, though not at depth. This pattern is not easily explained by conventional hypotheses in which sedimentary pyrite derives from abiotic reactions with porewater ∑H2S or from the products of S0 disproportionation. Instead, we propose that pyrite formation in this environment occurs within sulfate reducing microbial aggregates or biofilms, where it reflects the isotopic composition of the immediate products of bacterial sulfate reduction. Porewater ∑H2S in Santa Barbara Basin may be more 34S-enriched than pyrite due to equilibration with relatively 34S-enriched OS. The difference between OS and pyrite δ34S values would then reflect the balance between microbial sulfide formation and the abundance of exchangeable OS. Both OS and pyrite δ34S records thus have the potential to provide valuable information about biogeochemical cycles and redox structure in sedimentary paleoenvironments.
BibTeX:
@article{Raven2016,
  author = {Raven, M R and Sessions, A L and Fischer, W W and Adkins, J F},
  title = {Sedimentary pyrite δ34S differs from porewater sulfide in Santa Barbara Basin: Proposed role of organic sulfur},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {186},
  pages = {120--134},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.037}
}
Rouxel OJ, Toner BM, Manganini SJ and German CR (2016), "Geochemistry and iron isotope systematics of hydrothermal plume fall-out at East Pacific Rise 9°50′N", Chemical Geology. Vol. 441, pp. 212-234.
Abstract: While gross hydrothermal fluxes entering the ocean are known to be significant, much remains unknown about the fate of this material as it disperses through the oceans, and its impact upon ocean biogeochemistry. Mineral precipitation within hydrothermal plumes removes hydrothermally-sourced metals from solution and also acts to scavenge trace elements from the surrounding water column. Here, we investigate the fate of particulate Fe released from high-temperature hydrothermal venting at EPR 9°50′N and its potential impact on local deep-ocean Fe-isotopic and geochemical budgets. We measured the geochemical composition, mineralogy and Fe isotope systematics of hydrothermal plume products in order to determine whether mineral precipitation imposes characteristic Fe-isotope “fingerprints” for hydrothermally sourced Fe in the deep ocean. Our sampling includes sediment trap deployments after the eruptive event of Jan. 2006, allowing the examination of temporal changes of hydrothermal fluxes over a 160 day period. Results show that Fe isotope composition in the high-temperature vent fluids is rather constant over the sampling period 2004–2008, and that secular variations of δ56Fe values of plume particles from − 0.03 to − 0.91‰ (relative to IRMM-14 standard) could be explained by local processes leading to variable mixing extents of hydrothermal, biogenic and lithogenic particles. Through geochemical modeling, we have calculated the relative abundances of hydrothermal plume components such as sulfides, Fe oxyhydroxides, organic matter, biogenic and lithogenic phases. We demonstrate that Fe isotope fractionation in the hydrothermal plume occurs during the formation and rapid settling of Fe-sulfides that are characterized by δ56Fe values ranging from − 0.73 ± 0.13‰ to − 0.86 ± 0.13‰, which is systematically lower than the end-member hydrothermal fluids (δ56Fe = − 0.4‰). This study suggests that both the initial Fe isotope composition of the high-temperature vent fluids and its initial Fe/H2S ratio (i.e. Fe-sulfide precipitation versus Fe-oxyhydroxide precipitation) should impose characteristic Fe isotope “fingerprints” for hydrothermally derived Fe in the deep ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Rouxel2016,
  author = {Rouxel, O J and Toner, B M and Manganini, S J and German, C R},
  title = {Geochemistry and iron isotope systematics of hydrothermal plume fall-out at East Pacific Rise 9°50′N},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {441},
  pages = {212--234},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.08.027}
}
Salman-Carvalho V, Fadeev E, Joye SB and Teske AP (2016), "How Clonal Is Clonal? Genome Plasticity across Multicellular Segments of a "Candidatus Marithrix sp." Filament from Sulfidic, Briny Seafloor Sediments in the Gulf of Mexico", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 7, pp. 1173.
Abstract: "Candidatus Marithrix" is a recently described lineage within the group of large sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoaceae, Gammaproteobacteria). This genus of bacteria comprises vacuolated, attached-living filaments that inhabit the sediment surface around vent and seep sites in the marine environment. A single filament is ca. 100 mu m in diameter, several millimeters long, and consists of hundreds of clonal cells, which are considered highly polyploid. Based on these characteristics, "Candidatus Marithrix" was used as a model organism for the assessment of genomic plasticity along segments of a single filament using next generation sequencing to possibly identify hotspots of microevolution. Using six consecutive segments of a single filament sampled from a mud volcano in the Gulf of Mexico, we recovered ca. 90% of the "Candidatus Marithrix" genome in each segment. There was a high level of genome conservation along the filament with average nucleotide identities between 99.98 and 100%. Different approaches to assemble all reads into a complete consensus genome could not fill the gaps. Each of the six segment datasets encoded merely a few hundred unique nucleotides and 5 or less unique genes the residual content was redundant in all datasets. Besides the overall high genomic identity, we identified a similar number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the clonal segments, which are comparable to numbers reported for other clonal organisms. An increase of SNPs with greater distance of filament segments was not observed. The polyploidy of the cells was apparent when analyzing the heterogeneity of reads within a segment. Here, a strong increase in single nucleotide variants, or "intrasegmental sequence heterogeneity" (ISH) events, was observed. These sites may represent hotspots for genome plasticity, and possibly microevolution, since two thirds of these variants were not co-localized across the genome copies of the multicellular filament.
BibTeX:
@article{Salman-Carvalho2016,
  author = {Salman-Carvalho, V and Fadeev, E and Joye, S B and Teske, A P},
  title = {How Clonal Is Clonal? Genome Plasticity across Multicellular Segments of a "Candidatus Marithrix sp." Filament from Sulfidic, Briny Seafloor Sediments in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1173},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2016.01173}
}
Simister RL, Antzis EW and White HK (2016), "Examining the diversity of microbes in a deep-sea coral community impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill", Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 129, pp. 157-166.
Abstract: Deep-sea surface sediments and flocculent material (floc) associated with corals containing oil originating from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill were examined to determine the diversity of microbes and the presence of functional genes involved in oil degradation. For all samples, 16S rRNA clone libraries were constructed to obtain full-length sequences and Illumina amplicon sequencing was used to further probe the diversity of the microbial community. The 16S rRNA gene data obtained by Illumina amplicon sequencing revealed Proteobacteria (55–64%) as the dominant bacteria in both sediment and floc samples. The floc samples were comprised of mostly aerobic or facultative aerobic phylotypes including Rhizobiales, Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales, Rickettsiales, Alteromonadales, Pseudomonadales, whereas mixtures of the aforementioned aerobic species and anaerobic phylotypes such as Desulfobacterales, Desulfuromonadales and Desulfarculales were present in the sediment samples. Genera affiliated with oil-degrading bacteria were identified in both sediment and floc samples. To evaluate the potential of the microbial community to degrade oil, clone libraries were constructed for the alkB gene (one of the structural genes of alkane hydroxylase involved in the aerobic degradation of n-alkanes of chain length textgreaterC5–C16) and the alkylsuccinate synthase/benzylsuccinate synthases (assA/bssA) gene (involved in the anaerobic degradation of n-alkanes [via assA] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs; via bssA]). The alkB gene was present in all samples with the majority of sequences clustering to members of the Proteobacteria closely aligned to environmental sequences from hydrocarbon seep environments. The assA/bssA genes were only detected in sediment samples and were closely affiliated with δ-Proteobacteria previously detected in oil-contaminated sediments and oil-enrichment cultures. These data provide insight into the differences between environments impacted by the DWH oil spill and highlight the functional diversity of oil-degrading microbes associated with a deep-sea coral community.
BibTeX:
@article{Simister2016,
  author = {Simister, R L and Antzis, E W and White, H K},
  title = {Examining the diversity of microbes in a deep-sea coral community impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill},
  journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {157--166},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.01.010}
}
Tan CY, Ding K and Seyfried WE (2016), "Development and Application of a New Mobile pH Calibrator for Real-Time Monitoring of pH in Diffuse Flow Hydrothermal Vent Fluids", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 50(2), pp. 37-47.
Abstract: In situ measurement of pH in diffuse flow hydrothermal vent fluids is necessary to investigate the feedback between geochemical and biochemical processes. Accurate pH determination has been unusually challenging owing to temperature and pressure effects that place severe constraints on the performance of a wide variety of pH sensor systems. In this paper, we describe a newly developed mobile pH calibrator (MpHC), which makes use of In situ calibration protocols that enhance the accuracy of pH measurement and monitoring on the ocean floor at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The MpHC combines the physically robust and highly sensitive iridium solid-state pH electrode with a flow control system to perform 2-point calibration with on-board pH buffer solutions. The small size and novel design of the sensor probe allow more effective access to seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids and their associated sulfide structures and biological communities. The MpHC is capable of In situ deployment by submersible via ICL (inductively couple link) communication around hydrothermal vents at pressures and temperatures up to 45 MPa and 100 degrees C, respectively. In this paper, we also present results of In situ calibration methods used to correct the standard potential and slope (mV/pH) of the solid-state electrode for temperature effects. The MpHC has been deployed most recently using the submersible Alvin during cruise AT26-17 to Axial Seamount and Main Endeavour Field, Juan De Fuca Ridge in the NE Pacific. With In situ calibration functionality, the MpHC offers the prospect of more successful longer-term measurements in keeping with power availability provided by cabled seafloor observatories coming online in the NE Pacific.
BibTeX:
@article{Tan2016,
  author = {Tan, C Y and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E},
  title = {Development and Application of a New Mobile pH Calibrator for Real-Time Monitoring of pH in Diffuse Flow Hydrothermal Vent Fluids},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37--47}
}
Teske AP, de Beer D, McKay LJ, Tivey MK, Biddle JF, Hoer DR, Lloyd KG, Lever MA, Roy H, Albert DB, Mendlovitz HP and MacGregor BJ (2016), "The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 7, pp. 75.
Abstract: The hydrothermal mats, mounds, and chimneys of the southern Guaymas Basin are the surface expression of complex subsurface hydrothermal circulation patterns. In this overview, we document the most frequently visited features of this hydrothermal area with photographs, temperature measurements, and selected geochemical data; many of these distinct habitats await characterization of their microbial communities and activities. Microprofiler deployments on microbial mats and hydrothermal sediments show their steep geochemical and thermal gradients at millimeter-scale vertical resolution. Mapping these hydrothermal features and sampling locations within the southern Guaymas Basin suggest linkages to underlying shallow sills and heat flow gradients. Recognizing the inherent spatial limitations of much current Guaymas Basin sampling calls for comprehensive surveys of the wider spreading region.
BibTeX:
@article{Teske2016,
  author = {Teske, A P and de Beer, D and McKay, L J and Tivey, M K and Biddle, J F and Hoer, D R and Lloyd, K G and Lever, M A and Roy, H and Albert, D B and Mendlovitz, H P and MacGregor, B J},
  title = {The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {75},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2016.00075}
}
Thal J, Tivey MA, Yoerger DR and Bach W (2016), "Subaqueous cryptodome eruption, hydrothermal activity and related seafloor morphologies on the andesitic North Su volcano", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 323, pp. 80-96.
Abstract: North Su is a double-peaked active andesite submarine volcano located in the eastern Manus Basin of the Bismarck Sea that reaches a depth of 1154 m. It hosts a vigorous and varied hydrothermal system with black and white smoker vents along with several areas of diffuse venting and deposits of native sulfur. Geologic mapping based on ROV observations from 2006 and 2011 combined with morphologic features identified from repeated bathymetric surveys in 2002 and 2011 documents the emplacement of a volcanic cryptodome between 2006 and 2011. We use our observations and rock analyses to interpret an eruption scenario where highly viscous, crystal-rich andesitic magma erupted slowly into the water-saturated, gravel-dominated slope of North Su. An intense fragmentation process produced abundant blocky clasts of a heterogeneous magma (olivine crystals within a rhyolitic groundmass) that only rarely breached through the clastic cover onto the seafloor. Phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions beneath the seafloor cause mixing of juvenile and pre-existing lithic clasts and produce a volcaniclastic deposit. This volcaniclastic deposit consists of blocky, non-altered clasts next, variably (1–100%) altered clasts, hydrothermal precipitates and crystal fragments. The usually applied parameters to identify juvenile subaqueous lava fragments, i.e. fluidal shape or chilled margin, were not applicable to distinguish between pre-existing non-altered clasts and juvenile clasts. This deposit is updomed during further injection of magma and mechanical disruption. Gas-propelled turbulent clast-recycling causes clasts to develop variably rounded shapes. An abundance of blocky clasts and the lack of clasts typical for the contact of liquid lava with water is interpreted to be the result of a cooled, high-viscosity, crystal-rich magma that failed as a brittle solid upon stress. The high viscosity allows the lava to form blocky and short lobes. The pervasive volcaniclastic cover on North Su is partly cemented by hydrothermal precipitates. These hydrothermally-cemented breccias, crusts and single pillars show that hydrothermal circulation through a thick layer of volcaniclastic deposits can temporarily increase slope stability through precipitation and cementation.
BibTeX:
@article{Thal2016,
  author = {Thal, J and Tivey, M A and Yoerger, D R and Bach, W},
  title = {Subaqueous cryptodome eruption, hydrothermal activity and related seafloor morphologies on the andesitic North Su volcano},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {323},
  pages = {80--96},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.041}
}
Thresher RE, Fallon SJ and Townsend AT (2016), "A “core-top” screen for trace element proxies of environmental conditions and growth rates in the calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Isididae)", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 193, pp. 75-99.
Abstract: We test for trace element proxies in the high-magnesium calcite fraction of bamboo coral internodes by comparing environmental conditions and growth rates to the specimen-mean compositions of 73 corals that were live-caught at depths ranging from 3 to 3950 m and collected from habitats ranging from tropical coral reefs to the Antarctic slope. Comparisons were done at a large geographic scale (LGS) and for a well sampled area south of Australia, across depths at a single site, in order to help separate the effects of environmental variables that co-vary at one spatial scale, but not the other. Thirty-seven trace elements were measured using solution-based Sector Field ICP-MS, of which seventeen were significantly detected in more than a third of the specimens. Only eight element/calcium ratios correlated significantly with any environmental variable at the large geographic scale, and only four did so at the local level. At the LGS, the highest correlation was between ambient temperature and Mg/Ca, which accounted for 89% of the variance across specimens, spanned all four Isidid sub-families and was independently significant in the two best sampled sub-families. The predictive (geometric mean) relationship is View the MathML sourceT(°C)=-23.9(±2.46)+0.34(±0.25)Mg/Ca(mmol/mol) Turn MathJax on spanning a temperature range of −1.9 to 26.8 °C, Mg/Ca ratios from 58.6 to 155.1 mmol/mol, and an uncertainty (RMS) of 2.78 °C. The numbers in parentheses are 95% CIs. The slope of the regression does not differ significantly from that of abiotic high-Mg calcites, which suggests that the temperature-dependent incorporation of Mg into the carbonate results from kinetic reactions at the crystal surface. Analysis at the SH scale for the sub-set of specimens for which we had data suggests is also affected by growth rates. There were no obvious trace element correlates at either spatial scale of salinity or oxygen levels that could not be accounted for by covariance between these environmental parameters and, in most cases, temperature. Single and multiple correlation analyses also confirm previous suggestions that Ba/Ca in bamboo coral calcite is a proxy for seawater barium and hence refractory nutrients, suggest that Sr/Ca is influenced by specimen-mean Mg/Ca ratios and water temperature as well as possibly seawater Sr/Ca, and falsify for bamboo corals P/Ca (as well as P/Cd and Cd/Ca) as a proxy for seawater phosphate levels. The predictive relationship between Isidid skeletal-mean Ba/Ca and seawater silicate concentrations appears to be linear, and is given by View the MathML sourcesilicate(μmolkg-1)=-56.7(±20.8)+9217(±1632)Ba/Ca(mmol/mol) Turn MathJax on spanning a silicate range of 0.5 to 120 μmol kg−1, a Ba/Ca range of 0.0042 to 0.0195 mmol/mol, and with an uncertainty (RMS) of 33.1 μmol kg−1. Mn/Ca differences among specimens and sites are highly significant and appear to reflect seawater Mn, suggesting a proxy for this micronutrient. The compilation of growth rate data across 34 specimens indicates a wide range of growth rates even among con-familial specimens from within a single habitat, and suggests both ambient temperature and food availability underlie at least part of this variability.
BibTeX:
@article{Thresher2016,
  author = {Thresher, R E and Fallon, S J and Townsend, A T},
  title = {A “core-top” screen for trace element proxies of environmental conditions and growth rates in the calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Isididae)},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {193},
  pages = {75--99},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.033}
}
Tontini FC, Crone TJ, de Ronde CEJ, Fornari DJ, Kinsey JC, Mittelstaedt E and Tivey MK (2016), "Crustal magnetization and the subseafloor structure of the ASHES vent field, Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Implications for the investigation of hydrothermal sites", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 43, pp. 6205-6211.
Abstract: High-resolution geophysical data have been collected using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Sentry over the ASHES (Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emission Study) high-temperature (˜348°C) vent field at Axial Seamount, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Multiple surveys were performed on a 3-D grid at different altitudes above the seafloor, providing an unprecedented view of magnetic data resolution as a function of altitude above the seafloor. Magnetic data derived near the seafloor show that the ASHES field is characterized by a zone of low magnetization, which can be explained by hydrothermal alteration of the host volcanic rocks. Surface manifestations of hydrothermal activity at the ASHES vent field are likely controlled by a combination of local faults and fractures and different lava morphologies near the seafloor. Three-dimensional inversion of the magnetic data provides evidence of a vertical, pipe-like upflow zone of the hydrothermal fluids with a vertical extent of ˜100 m.
BibTeX:
@article{Tontini2016,
  author = {Tontini, F C and Crone, T J and de Ronde, C E J and Fornari, D J and Kinsey, J C and Mittelstaedt, E and Tivey, M K},
  title = {Crustal magnetization and the subseafloor structure of the ASHES vent field, Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Implications for the investigation of hydrothermal sites},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {6205--6211},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GL069430}
}
(2016), "Newly upgraded ROV Jason: Bigger and better", Ocean News & Technology. (May), pp. 42-43.
Abstract: A major, $2.4 million upgrade funded by the National Science Foundation has made the ROV Jason more capable than ever. This 12-month-long project, conducted by engineers at WHOI, which designed and built the vehicle, has increased the vehicle payload and range of activities and streamlined the vehicle operation. This is Jason's first upgrade of this magnitude since its second-generation launch in 2002; the original Jason was launched in 1988. The ROV is operated by WHOI for the nation's ocean scientists as part of the National Deep Submergence Facility. The upgrade has other added benefits as well. The heavy lift capability will be used at seafloor sites where several-hundred-meters-long sensor strings are routinely deployed into and recovered from seafloor bore holes.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Newly upgraded ROV Jason: Bigger and better},
  journal = {Ocean News & Technology},
  year = {2016},
  number = {May},
  pages = {42--43}
}
Bemis KG, Silver D, Xu G, Light R, Jackson DR, Jones CD, Ozer S and Liu L (2015), "The path to COVIS: A review of acoustic imaging of hydrothermal flow regimes", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 159-176.
Abstract: Acoustic imaging of hydrothermal flow regimes started with the incidental recognition of a plume on a routine sonar scan for obstacles in the path of the human-occupied submersible ALVIN. Developments in sonar engineering, acoustic data processing and scientific visualization have been combined to develop technology which can effectively capture the behavior of focused and diffuse hydrothermal discharge. This paper traces the development of these acoustic imaging techniques for hydrothermal flow regimes from their conception through to the development of the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS). COVIS has monitored such flow eight times a day for several years. Successful acoustic techniques for estimating plume entrainment, bending, vertical rise, volume flux, and heat flux are presented as is the state-of-the-art in diffuse flow detection.
BibTeX:
@article{Bemis2015,
  author = {Bemis, K G and Silver, D and Xu, G and Light, R and Jackson, D R and Jones, C D and Ozer, S and Liu, L},
  title = {The path to COVIS: A review of acoustic imaging of hydrothermal flow regimes},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {159--176},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.002}
}
Bennett SA, Van Dover CL, Breier JA and Coleman ML (2015), "Effect of depth and vent fluid composition on the carbon sources at two neighboring deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields (Mid-Cayman Rise)", Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 104, pp. 122-133.
Abstract: In this study, we have used stable isotopes of megafauna, microbial mats and particulate organic matter to examine the effect of depth and vent fluid composition on the carbon sources at two proximal, chemically distinct hydrothermal vent fields along the Mid-Cayman Rise. The basalt hosted Piccard vent field (4980 m) is twice as deep as the ultramafic hosted Von Damm vent field (2300 m) and has very different faunal assemblages. Of particular note is the presence of seep-associated fauna, Escarpia and Lamellibrachia tubeworms, at the Von Damm vent field. We identify a greater range of carbon sources and a suggestion of increased photosynthetic inputs to the Von Damm vent field compared to Piccard vent field. Rimicaris hybisae shrimp are the only abundant species shared between the two vent fields with δ13C values ranging between −22.7 and −10.1‰. Higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the vent fluids at Piccard is proposed to be responsible for varying the relative contributions of the carbon fixation cycles used by their epibionts. Seep-associated fauna at Von Damm rely on elevated, thermogenic hydrocarbon content of the vent fluids for their carbon source (δ13C values ranging from −21.3 to 11.6‰). They also derive energy from hydrogen sulfide formed by the microbial reduction of sulfide (δ34S values ranging from −10.2 to −6.9‰). The tubeworms have very short roots (buried at most a centimeter into rubble), suggesting that microbial sulfate reduction must be occurring either in the shallow subsurface and/or in the anterior part of the tube. Overall, megafauna at Von Damm vent field appear to have a smaller food chain length (smaller δ15N range) but a greater breadth of trophic resources compared to the megafauna at the Piccard vent field.
BibTeX:
@article{Bennett2015,
  author = {Bennett, S A and Van Dover, C L and Breier, J A and Coleman, M L},
  title = {Effect of depth and vent fluid composition on the carbon sources at two neighboring deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields (Mid-Cayman Rise)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {104},
  pages = {122--133},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.06.005}
}
de Ronde CEJ, Chadwick WW, Ditchburn RG, Embley RW, Tunnicliffe V, Baker ET, Walker SL, Ferrini VL and Merle SM (2015), "Molten sulfur lakes of intraoceanic arc volcanoes", In Volcanic Lakes. Springer.
BibTeX:
@incollection{DeRonde2015,
  author = {de Ronde, C E J and Chadwick, W W and Ditchburn, R G and Embley, R W and Tunnicliffe, V and Baker, E T and Walker, S L and Ferrini, V L and Merle, S M},
  editor = {Rouwet, D},
  title = {Molten sulfur lakes of intraoceanic arc volcanoes},
  booktitle = {Volcanic Lakes},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2015}
}
Escoube R, Rouxel OJ, Edwards KJ, Glazer B and Donard OFX (2015), "Coupled Ge/Si and Ge isotope ratios as geochemical tracers of seafloor hydrothermal systems: Case studies at Loihi Seamount and East Pacific Rise 9°50′N", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 167, pp. 93-112.
Abstract: Germanium (Ge) and Silicon (Si) exhibit similar geochemical behavior in marine environments but are variably enriched in seafloor hydrothermal fluids relative to seawater. In this study, Ge isotope and Ge/Si ratio systematics were investigated in low temperature hydrothermal vents from Loihi Seamount (Pacific Ocean, 18°54′N, 155°15′W) and results were compared to high-temperature vents from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50′N. Loihi offers the opportunity to understand contrasting Ge and Si behavior in low temperature seafloor hydrothermal systems characterized by abundant Fe oxyhydroxide deposition at the seafloor. The results show that both Ge/Si and δ74/70Ge in hydrothermal fluids are fractionated relative to the basaltic host rocks. The enrichment in Ge vs. Si relative to fresh basalts, together with Ge isotope fractionation (Δ74/70Gefluid-basalt up to 1.15‰ at EPR 9°50′N and 1.64‰ at Loihi) are best explained by the precipitation of minerals (e.g. quartz and Fe-sulfides) during higher temperature seawater–rock reactions in the subsurface. The study of Fe-rich hydrothermal deposits at Loihi, largely composed of Fe-oxyhydroxides, shows that Ge isotopes are also fractionated upon mineral precipitation at the seafloor. We obtained an average Ge isotope fractionation factor between Fe-oxyhydroxide (ferrihydrite) and dissolved Ge in the fluid of −2.0 ± 0.6‰ (2sd), and a maximum value of −3.6 ± 0.6‰ (2sd), which is consistent with recent theoretical and experimental studies. The study of a hydrothermal chimney at Bio 9 vent at EPR 9°50′N also demonstrates that Ge isotopes are fractionated by approximately −5.6 ± 0.6‰ (2sd) during precipitation of metal sulfides under hydrothermal conditions. Using combined Ge/Si and estimated Ge isotope signatures of Ge sinks and sources in seawater, we propose a preliminary oceanic budget of Ge which reveals that an important sink, referred as the “missing Ge sink”, may correspond to Ge sequestration into authigenic Fe-oxyhydroxides in marine sediments. This study shows that combining Ge/Si and δ74/70Ge systematics provides a useful tool to trace hydrothermal Ge and Si sources in marine environments and to understand formation processes of seafloor hydrothermal deposits.
BibTeX:
@article{Escoube2015,
  author = {Escoube, R and Rouxel, O J and Edwards, K J and Glazer, B and Donard, O F X},
  title = {Coupled Ge/Si and Ge isotope ratios as geochemical tracers of seafloor hydrothermal systems: Case studies at Loihi Seamount and East Pacific Rise 9°50′N},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {167},
  pages = {93--112},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.025}
}
Faak K, Coogan LA and Chakraborty S (2015), "Near conductive cooling rates in the upper-plutonic section of crust formed at the East Pacific Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 423, pp. 36-47.
Abstract: A new geospeedometer, based on diffusion modeling of Mg in plagioclase, is used to determine cooling rates of the upper section of the lower oceanic crust formed at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. The investigated natural sample suites include gabbroic rocks formed at three different locations along the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise. These samples cover a depth interval of 0–840 m below the sheeted dike/gabbro boundary and therefore allow the variation of cooling rate as a function of depth within the upper plutonic sequence to be determined. We demonstrate that the cooling rates we obtained are robust (reproducible and consistent across different vertical sections at fast spreading ridges) and decrease significantly with increasing sample depth (covering almost 4 orders of magnitude, ranging from ∼1 °C y−1 for the shallowest samples to 0.0003 °C y−1 for the deepest samples). Both the absolute cooling rates, and the rate of decrease of cooling rate with depth, are consistent with conductive thermal models. In contrast, the absolute cooling rates determined from the deeper samples (textgreater300 m below DGB), and the large decrease in cooling rate with depth are inconsistent with thermal models that include substantial cooling by off-axis hydrothermal circulation within the upper plutonic section of the crust.
BibTeX:
@article{Faak2015,
  author = {Faak, K and Coogan, L A and Chakraborty, S},
  title = {Near conductive cooling rates in the upper-plutonic section of crust formed at the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {423},
  pages = {36--47},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.025}
}
Findlay AJ, Gartman A, Shaw TJ and Luther GW (2015), "Trace metal concentration and partitioning in the first 1.5 m of hydrothermal vent plumes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: TAG, Snakepit, and Rainbow", Chemical Geology. Vol. 412, pp. 117-131.
Abstract: To determine the significance of metal fluxes from hydrothermal vents, understanding the speciation, reactivity, and possible transformations of metals and metal sulfides within the hydrothermal plume is critical. In this study, we measure the concentration and partitioning of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Ni) and sulfide phases within the first 1.5 m of the rising plume at three vent fields (TAG, Snakepit, and Rainbow) along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A HCl/HNO3 leaching method was used to differentiate metals present in metal mono-sulfides from those in pyrite and chalcopyrite. At all three vent sites, Mn and Fe are primarily in the textless 0.2 μm (filtered) portion, whereas Cu, Co, Cd, and Pb are mainly in the unfiltered fraction. Significant concentrations of HNO3-extractable metals were found in the textless 0.2 μm fraction at all three vent sites, indicating that they likely exist in a recalcitrant nanoparticulate phase such as pyrite or chalcopyrite. At TAG and Snakepit, Cu is correlated with Co, as Co enters into chalcopyrite and other CuFeS phases and Zn is correlated with Cd and Pb as they form discrete metal sulfide phases. At Rainbow, Zn, Cd, and Pb are correlated, but Cu and Co are not correlated. The Rainbow data are consistent with the higher metal to sulfide ratio found at Rainbow. These speciation differences are significant as both mineral type and size will affect the amount of metal transported from the vent site and its availability for biogeochemical processes.
BibTeX:
@article{Findlay2015,
  author = {Findlay, A J and Gartman, A and Shaw, T J and Luther, G W},
  title = {Trace metal concentration and partitioning in the first 1.5 m of hydrothermal vent plumes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: TAG, Snakepit, and Rainbow},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {412},
  pages = {117--131},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.021}
}
Germanovich LN, Hurt RS, Smith JE, Genc G and Lowell RP (2015), "Measuring fluid flow and heat output in seafloor hydrothermal environments", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Vol. 120, pp. 8031-8055.
Abstract: We review techniques for measuring fluid flow and advective heat output from seafloor hydrothermal systems and describe new anemometer and turbine flowmeter devices we have designed, built, calibrated, and tested. These devices allow measuring fluid velocity at high-and low-temperature focused and diffuse discharge sites at oceanic spreading centers. The devices perform at ocean floor depths and black smoker temperatures and can be used to measure flow rates ranging over 2 orders of magnitude. Flow velocity is determined from the rotation rate of the rotor blades or paddle assembly. These devices have an open bearing design that eliminates clogging by particles or chemical precipitates as the fluid passes by the rotors. The devices are compact and lightweight enough for deployment from either an occupied or remotely operated submersible. The measured flow rates can be used in conjunction with vent temperature or geochemical measurements to obtain heat outputs or geochemical fluxes from both vent chimneys and diffuse flow regions. The devices have been tested on 30 Alvin dives on the Juan de Fuca Ridge and 3 Jason dives on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). We measured an anomalously low entrainment coefficient (0.064) and report 104 new measurements over a wide range of discharge temperatures (5 degrees-363 degrees C), velocities (2-199 cm/s), and depths (1517-2511 m). These include the first advective heat output measurements at the High Rise vent field and the first direct fluid flow measurement at Middle Valley. Our data suggest that black smoker heat output at the Main Endeavour vent field may have declined since 1994 and that after the 2005-2006 eruption, the high-temperature advective flow at the EPR 9 degrees 50'N field may have become more channelized, predominately discharging through the Bio 9 structure. We also report 16 measurements on 10 Alvin dives and 2 Jason dives with flow meters that predate devices described in this work and were used in the process of their development. This includes the first advective measurements in the Lau Basin and at the EPR 9 degrees 39.5'N. We discuss potential error sources and how they may affect the accuracy of measurements by our devices and other devices. In particular, we use the turbulent plume theory to evaluate the effect of entrainment of ambient seawater.
BibTeX:
@article{Germanovich2015,
  author = {Germanovich, L N and Hurt, R S and Smith, J E and Genc, G and Lowell, R P},
  title = {Measuring fluid flow and heat output in seafloor hydrothermal environments},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {120},
  pages = {8031--8055},
  doi = {10.1002/2015JB012245}
}
Govenar BW, Fisher CR and Shank TM (2015), "Variation in the diets of hydrothermal vent gastropods", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 193-201.
Abstract: A prevailing paradigm of hydrothermal vent ecology is that primary consumers feed on chemoautotrophic bacteria. However, for the purposes of reconstructing vent food webs and for tracking energy flow from the generation of rock and fluid chemistry through primary/ secondary productivity and consumption to the overlying water column, it remains unclear which consumers feed on which bacteria. In paired analyses of carbon and nitrogen tissue stable isotope values with unique 16S rRNA sequences from the stomach contents, we determined that two species of gastropod grazers appear to feed on epsilon-proteobacteria, while two other species have more diverse diets, including one species that consumes alpha-proteobacteria, planctomycetes, and non-green sulfur bacteria. Different carbon fixation pathways used by epsilon- and alpha-proteobacteria may account for the variation in the carbon stable isotope values among the consumers. Furthermore, our results indicate that trophic specialization and niche partitioning may contribute to the distribution and abundance of vent-endemic gastropods and support the hypothesis that consumers in the warmer habitats commonly feed on epsilon-proteobacteria that use the rTCA cycle, while in the cooler habitats they feed on additional bacteria that use the CBB cycle. These results suggest that the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of free-living bacteria may play an important and previously overlooked role in facilitating species coexistence among primary consumers at hydrothermal vents and other chemosynthesis-based ecosystems.
BibTeX:
@article{Govenar2015,
  author = {Govenar, B W and Fisher, C R and Shank, T M},
  title = {Variation in the diets of hydrothermal vent gastropods},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {193--201},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.021}
}
Greene JA, Tominaga M and Blackman DK (2015), "Geologic implications of seafloor character and carbonate lithification imaged on the domal core of Atlantis Massif", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 246-255.
Abstract: We document the seafloor character on Atlantis Massif, an ocean core complex located at 30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with an emphasis on the distribution of carbonate features. Seafloor imagery, near-bottom backscatter, and bathymetry were analyzed on the Central Dome and the Western Shoulder of the exposed footwall to the detachment, and on the Eastern Block, a hanging wall to the fault. We merged Argo II still images to produce photo-mosaics and evaluated these together with video imagery, acoustic reflectivity, and basic rock composition. The seafloor was classified as unconsolidated sediment, lithified carbonate crust, consolidated carbonate cap, exposed basement, or rubble, and the spatial distribution of each type was assessed. Unconsolidated sediment, exposed basement, and rubble were documented in all three regions studied. Lithified carbonate crust was also present on the Western Shoulder and eastern Central Dome. Consolidated carbonate cap was found on the Eastern Block. The formation of the carbonate rock is interpreted to reflect precipitation and/or sediment cementation via fluids derived from serpentinization. Both processes occur at the nearby Lost City Hydrothermal Field. The newly documented locations of seafloor carbonate lithification therefore mark pathways of past, possibly recent, fluid flux from subsurface water-rock reaction zones and represent an additional constituent of the carbon cycling hosted by oceanic lithosphere.
BibTeX:
@article{Greene2015,
  author = {Greene, J A and Tominaga, M and Blackman, D K},
  title = {Geologic implications of seafloor character and carbonate lithification imaged on the domal core of Atlantis Massif},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {246--255},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.020}
}
Gulmann LK, Beaulieu SE, Shank TM, Ding K, Seyfried WE and Sievert SM (2015), "Bacterial diversity and successional patterns during biofilm formation on freshly exposed basalt surfaces at diffuse-flow deep-sea vents", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 6, pp. 901.
Abstract: Many deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems are regularly impacted by volcanic eruptions, leaving fresh basalt where abundant animal and microbial communities once thrived. After an eruption, microbial biofilms are often the first visible evidence of biotic re-colonization. The present study is the first to investigate microbial colonization of newly exposed basalt surfaces in the context of vent fluid chemistry over an extended period of time (4–293 days) by deploying basalt blocks within an established diffuse-flow vent at the 9°50′ N vent field on the East Pacific Rise. Additionally, samples obtained after a recent eruption at the same vent field allowed for comparison between experimental results and those from natural microbial re-colonization. Over 9 months, the community changed from being composed almost exclusively of Epsilonproteobacteria to a more diverse assemblage, corresponding with a potential expansion of metabolic capabilities. The process of biofilm formation appears to generate similar surface-associated communities within and across sites by selecting for a subset of fluid-associated microbes, via species sorting. Furthermore, the high incidence of shared operational taxonomic units over time and across different vent sites suggests that the microbial communities colonizing new surfaces at diffuse-flow vent sites might follow a predictable successional pattern.
BibTeX:
@article{Gulmann2015,
  author = {Gulmann, L K and Beaulieu, S E and Shank, T M and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E and Sievert, S M},
  title = {Bacterial diversity and successional patterns during biofilm formation on freshly exposed basalt surfaces at diffuse-flow deep-sea vents},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {901},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.00901}
}
Rouse GW, Wilson NG, Worsaae K and Vrijenhoek RC (2015), "A Dwarf Male Reversal in Bone-Eating Worms", CURRENT BIOLOGY., jan, 2015. Vol. 25(2), pp. 236-241.
Abstract: Darwin [1] hypothesized that sexes in a species should be similar
unless sexual selection, fecundity selection, or resource partitioning
has driven them apart. Male dwarfism has evolved multiple times in a
range of animals, raising questions about factors that drive such
extreme size dimorphism [2-4]. Ghiselin [5] noted that dwarf males
are more common among smaller marine animals, and especially among
sedentary and sessile species living at low densities, where mates are
difficult to find, or in deep-sea environments with limited energy
sources. These benefits of male dwarfism apply well to Osedax (Annelida:
Siboglinidae), bone-eating marine worms [6]. Osedax males, notable for
extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD), are developmentally arrested
larvae that produce sperm from yolk reserves. Harems of dwarf males
reside in the lumen of the tube surrounding a female. Herein, we
describe Osedax priapus n. sp., a species that deviates remarkably by
producing males that anchor into, and feed on, bone via
symbiont-containing ``roots,'' just like female Osedax. Phylogenetic
analyses revealed O. priapus n. sp. as a derived species, and the
absence of dwarf males represents a character reversal for this genus.
Some dwarf male features are retained due to functional and
morphological constraints. Since O. priapus n. sp. males are anchored in
bone, they possess an extensible trunk that allows them to roam across
the bone to contact and inseminate females. Evolutionary and ecological
implications of a loss of male dwarfism are discussed.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000348129100027,
  author = {Rouse, Greg W and Wilson, Nerida G and Worsaae, Katrine and Vrijenhoek, Robert C},
  title = {A Dwarf Male Reversal in Bone-Eating Worms},
  journal = {CURRENT BIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {236--241},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.032}
}
Robador A, Jungbluth SP, LaRowe DE, Bowers RM, Rappe MS, Amend JP and Cowen JP (2015), "Activity and phylogenetic diversity of sulfate-reducing microorganisms in low-temperature subsurface fluids within the upper oceanic crust", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jan, 2015. Vol. 5
Abstract: The basaltic ocean crust is the largest aquifer system on Earth, yet the
rates of biological activity in this environment are unknown.
Low-temperature (textless100 degrees C) fluid samples were investigated from
two borehole observatories in the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR) flank,
representing a range of upper oceanic basement thermal and geochemical
properties. Microbial sulfate reduction rates (SRR) were measured in
laboratory incubations with S-35-sulfate over a range of temperatures
and the identity of the corresponding sulfate-reducing microorganisms
(SRM) was studied by analyzing the sequence diversity of the functional
marker dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase (dsrAB) gene. We found that
microbial sulfate reduction was limited by the decreasing availability
of organic electron donors in higher temperature, more altered fluids.
Thermodynamic calculations indicate energetic constraints for
metabolism, which together with relatively higher cell-specific SRR
reveal increased maintenance requirements, consistent with novel
species-level dsrAB phylotypes of thermophilic SRM. Our estimates
suggest that microbially-mediated sulfate reduction may account for the
removal of organic matter in fluids within the upper oceanic crust and
underscore the potential quantitative impact of microbial processes in
deep subsurface marine crustal fluids on marine and global
biogeochemical carbon cycling.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000348807500001,
  author = {Robador, Alberto and Jungbluth, Sean P and LaRowe, Douglas E and Bowers, Robert M and Rappe, Michael S and Amend, Jan P and Cowen, James P},
  title = {Activity and phylogenetic diversity of sulfate-reducing microorganisms in low-temperature subsurface fluids within the upper oceanic crust},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {5},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00748}
}
Gollner S, Govenar B, Fisher CR and Bright M (2015), "Size matters at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: different diversity and habitat fidelity patterns of meio- and macrofauna", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES., feb, 2015. Vol. 520, pp. 57-66.
Abstract: Species with markedly different sizes interact when sharing the same
habitat. Unravelling mechanisms that control diversity thus requires
consideration of a range of size classes. We compared patterns of
diversity and community structure for meio-and macrofaunal communities
sampled along a gradient of environmental stress at deep-sea
hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise (9 degrees 50' N) and
neighboring basalt habitats. Both meio-and macrofaunal species
richnesses were lowest in the high-stress vent habitat, but macrofaunal
richness was highest among intermediate-stress vent habitats. Meiofaunal
species richness was negatively correlated with stress, and highest on
the basalt. In these deep-sea basalt habitats surrounding hydrothermal
vents, meiofaunal species richness was consistently higher than that of
macrofauna. Consideration of the physiological capabilities and life
history traits of different-sized animals suggests that different
patterns of diversity may be caused by different capabilities to deal
with environmental stress in the 2 size classes. In contrast to
meiofauna, adaptations of macrofauna may have evolved to allow them to
maintain their physiological homeostasis in a variety of hydrothermal
vent habitats and exploit this food-rich deep-sea environment in high
abundances. The habitat fidelity patterns also differed: macrofaunal
species occurred primarily at vents and were generally restricted to
this habitat, but meiofaunal species were distributed more evenly across
proximate and distant basalt habitats and were thus not restricted to
vent habitats. Over evolutionary time scales these contrasting patterns
are likely driven by distinct reproduction strategies and food demands
inherent to fauna of different sizes.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000349302600004,
  author = {Gollner, Sabine and Govenar, Breea and Fisher, Charles R and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Size matters at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: different diversity and habitat fidelity patterns of meio- and macrofauna},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {520},
  pages = {57--66},
  doi = {10.3354/meps11078}
}
Ross SW, Brooke S, Quattrini AM, Rhode M and Watterson JC (2015), "A deep-sea community, including Lophelia pertusa, at unusually shallow depths in the western North Atlantic Ocean off northeastern Florida", MARINE BIOLOGY., mar, 2015. Vol. 162(3), pp. 635-648.
Abstract: Living colonies of the cold-water scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa
and other typically deep-water organisms were discovered in unusually
shallow depths (180-250 m) off northeastern Florida. Observations of L.
pertusa on rocky substrata and coral-built mounds represent the
shallowest records of large colonies of this coral in the western
Atlantic Ocean. Bioherms up to 30 m tall, extensive areas of eroded L.
pertusa rubble, and a well-developed cold-water community indicated that
these sites are long-term features, rather than short-term opportunistic
responses to temporary shifts in environmental conditions. Species that
are commonly observed on deeper reefs off the southeastern USA were
abundant at the shallow sites. The most abundant fishes on reef habitats
were Helicolenus dactylopterus, Laemonema barbatulum, Dysommina rugosa,
and Anthias spp. In addition to L. pertusa, the most common
macroinvertebrates on hard substrata were Eumunida picta, Chaceon
fenneri, octocorals, cup corals, and glass sponges. Bottom and
near-bottom temperatures (7-10 A degrees C) and nutrient concentrations
at the shallow sites were similar to those normally encountered at
500-600 m in this region. The shallow reef sites occur in an area known
for frequent Gulf Stream-driven upwelling of deep, nutrient-rich water.
However, the upwelling must be persistent or permanent in order to
maintain deep-sea communities at such shallow depths. Based on these
data, this area is under final review by the US Department of Commerce
for inclusion in one of the regional Coral Habitat Areas of Particular
Concern.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000349374800012,
  author = {Ross, Steve W and Brooke, Sandra and Quattrini, Andrea M and Rhode, Mike and Watterson, J Carter},
  title = {A deep-sea community, including Lophelia pertusa, at unusually shallow depths in the western North Atlantic Ocean off northeastern Florida},
  journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {162},
  number = {3},
  pages = {635--648},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-015-2611-2}
}
Colman A, Sinton JM and Wanless VD (2015), "Constraints from melt inclusions on depths of magma residence at intermediate magma supply along the Galapagos Spreading Center", EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS., feb, 2015. Vol. 412, pp. 122-131.
Abstract: Shallow, seismically imaged melt lenses are a ubiquitous feature of
mid-ocean ridges with high magma supply; melt lenses deepen and become
less continuous along axis as the rate of magma supply decreases.
Despite compelling petrologic evidence for evolution of magma within the
crust prior to eruption at lower magma supply, melt lenses are rarely
detected along ridge segments with rates of magma supply less than 0.3 x
10(6) m(3)/yr/km, and the depths of sub-axial magma reservoirs are
therefore poorly known. We use ion microprobe measurements of H2O and
CO2 concentrations of olivine-hosted melt inclusions to calculate vapor
saturation pressures that constrain crystallization depths at two
locations along the Galapagos Spreading Center (94.2 degrees W and 95
degrees W). These sites were chosen to examine crystallization pressures
in the presence (94.2 degrees W) and absence (95 degrees W) of a
seismically imaged melt lens. At 95 degrees W, where magma supply is too
low to sustain a seismically resolvable melt lens, samples were selected
from each of the three most recent eruptive units, allowing us to
document temporal variations in vapor saturation pressures and the depth
of magma residence at this location. Clusters in melt inclusion
entrapment depths for these eruptions range from 3.0 to 3.4 km below the
seafloor, indicating that magmas at 95 degrees W resided at a narrow
range of mid-crustal depths prior to eruption, generally consistent with
the global trend of increasing melt lens depth with decreasing rate of
magma supply. A discrepancy between seismic data and the peak in melt
inclusion entrapment depths at 94.2 degrees W may reflect temporal
variability of magmatic systems at this location. This study
demonstrates the potential for using measurements of the concentrations
of H2O and CO2 in olivine-hosted melt inclusions to determine the depths
of crustal magmatic systems that feed mid-ocean ridge eruptions, even in
locations where seismic studies have not detected melt lenses. (C) 2014
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000349424900014,
  author = {Colman, Alice and Sinton, John M and Wanless, V Dorsey},
  title = {Constraints from melt inclusions on depths of magma residence at intermediate magma supply along the Galapagos Spreading Center},
  journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {412},
  pages = {122--131},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.007}
}
Burkett AM, Rathburn AE, Perez ME, Levin LA, Cha H and Rouse GW (2015), "Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non-seep habitats on the Pacific margin", GEOBIOLOGY., jan, 2015. Vol. 13(1), pp. 44-52.
Abstract: Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in
deep-sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many
groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane
seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for
Pacific deep-sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the
relationships between seep and non-seep populations of the deep-sea
foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo-indicator
species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and
compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA
(SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared
to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S
gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from
this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa
Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the
species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display
opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level
genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information
available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals,
collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously
analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations
provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C.
wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these
microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange
to remain within the same species between seep and non-seep habitats and
over global distances.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000350053000004,
  author = {Burkett, A M and Rathburn, A E and Perez, M E and Levin, L A and Cha, H and Rouse, G W},
  title = {Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non-seep habitats on the Pacific margin},
  journal = {GEOBIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {44--52},
  doi = {10.1111/gbi.12118}
}
Plouviez S, Jacobson A, Wu M and Van Dover CL (2015), "Characterization of vent fauna at the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS., mar, 2015. Vol. 97, pp. 124-133.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents in the deep sea have a global distribution on
mid-ocean ridges and comprise at least six biogeographic provinces. A
geographically isolated vent system was recently discovered on the
Mid-Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC). Here, we describe the faunal
assemblages associated with this system and their relationship to known
biogeographic provinces. Taxa from MCSC vents were sorted based on
morphology and barcoded using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S
ribosomal RNA (16S) genes for identification. Distinct faunal
assemblages were recognized around vent chimneys at two hydrothermal
vent fields (Von Damm and Beebe) separated by a distance of similar to
13 km and textgreater 2.5-km depth along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center. These
results suggest that depth and/or local conditions structure faunal
assemblages in this region. COI and microsatellite markers were then
used to explore the genetic structure of the shrimp Rimicaris hybisae,
the only abundant species shared between the shallow Von Damm and the
deep Beebe vent fields. R. hybisae was not genetically differentiated
between the Von Damm Spire and Beebe chimneys, suggesting this species
is better adapted for bathymetric dispersal and the differences in local
conditions than other MCSC species. In addition, a third faunal
assemblage dominated by two species of tubeworms was identified at Von
Damm in association with weakly diffuse flow sites (including the site
known as ``Marker X18''). The Marker X18 assemblage shares species
with seeps in the region. Fauna shared with both vents and seeps at the
MCSC reinforces the need for a global biogeographic study of deep-sea
chemosynthetic fauna that is not focused on specific habitats. (C) 2014
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000350088800011,
  author = {Plouviez, Sophie and Jacobson, Alixandra and Wu, Mengyou and Van Dover, Cindy L},
  title = {Characterization of vent fauna at the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {97},
  pages = {124--133},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.011}
}
Field EK, Sczyrba A, Lyman AE, Harris CC, Woyke T, Stepanauskas R and Emerson D (2015), "Genomic insights into the uncultivated marine Zetaproteobacteria at Loihi Seamount", ISME JOURNAL., apr, 2015. Vol. 9(4), pp. 857-870.
Abstract: The Zetaproteobacteria are a candidate class of marine iron-oxidizing
bacteria that are typically found in high iron environments such as
hydrothermal vent sites. As much remains unknown about these organisms
due to difficulties in cultivation, single-cell genomics was used to
learn more about this elusive group at Loihi Seamount. Comparative
genomics of 23 phylogenetically diverse single amplified genomes (SAGs)
and two isolates indicate niche specialization among the
Zetaproteobacteria may be largely due to oxygen tolerance and nitrogen
transformation capabilities. Only Form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
carboxylase (RubisCO) genes were found in the SAGs, suggesting that some
of the uncultivated Zetaproteobacteria may be adapted to low oxygen
and/or high carbon dioxide concentrations. There is also genomic
evidence of oxygen-tolerant cytochrome c oxidases and oxidative
stress-related genes, indicating that others may be exposed to higher
oxygen conditions. The Zetaproteobacteria also have the genomic
potential for acquiring nitrogen from numerous sources including
ammonium, nitrate, organic compounds, and nitrogen gas. Two types of
molybdopterin oxidoreductase genes were found in the SAGs, indicating
that those found in the isolates, thought to be involved in iron
oxidation, are not consistent among all the Zetaproteobacteria. However,
a novel cluster of redox-related genes was found to be conserved in 10
SAGs as well as in the isolates warranting further investigation. These
results were used to isolate a novel iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria.
Physiological studies and genomic analysis of this isolate were able to
support many of the findings from SAG analyses demonstrating the value
of these data for designing future enrichment strategies.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000351204900007,
  author = {Field, Erin K and Sczyrba, Alexander and Lyman, Audrey E and Harris, Christopher C and Woyke, Tanja and Stepanauskas, Ramunas and Emerson, David},
  title = {Genomic insights into the uncultivated marine Zetaproteobacteria at Loihi Seamount},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {857--870},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2014.183}
}
Dziak RP, Bohnenstiehl DR, Baker ET, Matsumoto H, Caplan-Auerbach J, Embley RW, Merle SG, Walker SL, Lau T-K and Chadwick Jr. WW (2015), "Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano", GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS., mar, 2015. Vol. 42(5), pp. 1480-1487.
Abstract: West Mata is a 1200m deep submarine volcano where explosive boninite
eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the
volcano's summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with
an in situ (similar to 25m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May
2009 and with local (similar to 5km range) moored hydrophones between
December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency
(1-40Hz), short duration explosions consistent with magma bubble bursts
from Hades, and broadband, 1-5min duration signals associated with
episodes of fragmentation degassing from Prometheus. Long-term eruptive
degassing signals, recorded through May 2010, preceded a several month
period of declining activity. Degassing episodes were not recorded
acoustically after early 2011, although quieter effusive eruption
activity may have continued. Synchronous optical measurements of
turbidity made between December 2009 and April 2010 indicate that
turbidity maxima resulted from occasional south flank slope failures
triggered by the collapse of accumulated debris during eruption
intervals.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000351847600028,
  author = {Dziak, R P and Bohnenstiehl, D R and Baker, E T and Matsumoto, H and Caplan-Auerbach, J and Embley, R W and Merle, S G and Walker, S L and Lau, T-K. and Chadwick Jr., W W},
  title = {Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {42},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1480--1487},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL062603}
}
McCollom TM, Seewald JS and German CR (2015), "Investigation of extractable organic compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA., may, 2015. Vol. 156, pp. 122-144.
Abstract: The possibility that deep-sea hydrothermal vents may contain organic
compounds produced by abiotic synthesis or by microbial communities
living deep beneath the surface has led to numerous studies of the
organic composition of vent fluids. Most of these studies have focused
on methane and other light hydrocarbons, while the possible occurrence
of more complex organic compounds in the fluids has remained largely
unstudied. To address this issue, the presence of higher molecular
weight organic compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal fluids was assessed at
three sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that span a range of
temperatures (51 to textgreater360 degrees C), fluid compositions, and host-rock
lithologies (mafic to ultramafic). Samples were obtained at several
sites within the Lucky Strike, Rainbow, and Lost City hydrothermal
fields. Three methods were employed to extract organic compounds for
analysis, including liquid: liquid extraction, cold trapping on the
walls of a coil of titanium tubing, and pumping fluids through
cartridges filled with solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. The only
samples to consistently yield high amounts of extractable organic
compounds were the warm (51-91 degrees C), highly alkaline fluids from
Lost City, which contained elevated concentrations of C-8, C-10, and
C-12 n-alkanoic acids and, in some cases, trithiolane, hexadecanol,
squalene, and cholesterol. Collectively, the C-8-C-12 acids can account
for about 15% of the total dissolved organic carbon in the Lost City
fluids. The even-carbon-number predominance of the alkanoic acids
indicates a biological origin, but it is unclear whether these compounds
are derived from microbial activity occurring within the hydrothermal
chimney proximal to the site of fluid discharge or are transported from
deeper within the system. Hydrothermal fluids from the Lucky Strike and
Rainbow fields were characterized by an overall scarcity of extractable
dissolved organic compounds. Trace amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons
including phenanthrenes and benzothiophene were the only compounds that
could be identified as indigenous components of these fluids. Although
hydrocarbons and fatty acids were observed in some samples, those
compounds were likely derived from particulate matter or biomass
entrained during fluid collection. In addition, extracts of some fluid
samples from the Rainbow field were found to contain an unresolved
complex mixture (UCM) of organic compounds. This UCM shared some
characteristics with organic matter extracted from bottom seawater,
suggesting that the organic matter observed in these samples might
represent seawater-derived compounds that had persisted, albeit with
partial alteration, during circulation through the hydrothermal system.
While there is considerable evidence that Rainbow and Lost City vent
fluids contain methane and other light hydrocarbons produced through
abiotic reduction of inorganic carbon, we found no evidence for more
complex organic compounds with an abiotic origin in the same fluids. (C)
2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000352192100007,
  author = {McCollom, Thomas M and Seewald, Jeffrey S and German, Christopher R},
  title = {Investigation of extractable organic compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {156},
  pages = {122--144},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.022}
}
Perez-Rodriguez I, Bolognini M, Ricci J, Bini E and Vetriani C (2015), "From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria", ISME Journal., may, 2015. Vol. 9(5), pp. 1222-1234.
Abstract: Chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents
colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. In
many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of
virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell
density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum
sensing. Within the Epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been
investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxS/autoinducer-2
(AI-2) mechanism to control the expression of some of these functions.
In this study we showed that luxS is conserved in Epsilonproteobacteria
and that pathogenic and mesophilic members of this class inherited this
gene from a thermophilic ancestor. Furthermore, we provide evidence that
the luxS gene is expressed-and a quorum-sensing signal is
produced-during growth of Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Caminibacter
mediatlanticus, two Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal
vents. Finally, we detected luxS transcripts in
Epsilonproteobacteria-dominated biofilm communities collected from
deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Taken together, our findings indicate that
the epsiloproteobacterial lineage of the LuxS enzyme originated in
high-temperature geothermal environments and that, in vent
Epsilonproteobacteria, luxS expression is linked to the production of
AI-2 signals, which are likely produced in situ at deep-sea vents. We
conclude that the luxS gene is part of the ancestral
epsilonproteobacterial genome and represents an evolutionary link that
connects thermophiles to human pathogens.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000353354100014,
  author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Bolognini, Marie and Ricci, Jessica and Bini, Elisabetta and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria},
  journal = {ISME Journal},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1222--1234},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2014.214}
}
Ajemian MJ, Wetz JJ, Shipley-Lozano B and Stunz GW (2015), "Rapid assessment of fish communities on submerged oil and gas platform reefs using remotely operated vehicles", FISHERIES RESEARCH., jul, 2015. Vol. 167, pp. 143-155.
Abstract: Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) provide a non-extractive approach to
characterizing fish communities in complex habitats. Despite the
demonstrated effectiveness of ROVs in studying reef fishes over natural
hard-bottom and small artificial reefs, there has been little
application of this technology to larger artificial structures (10s of m
tall and wide), We explored the utility of ROVs in rapidly
characterizing an assemblage of fishes associated with an artificial
reef complex in the western Gulf of Mexico (26.9-28.2 degrees N;
95.5-97.0 degrees W) dominated by partially removed and toppled oil and
gas platforms. This study reports on an efficient method to sample these
structures, where we integrated depth-interval transect (DIT) and
continuous roving transect (CRT) protocols to document fish distribution
and community structure on 14 artificial reef sites. Consistent with
previous hydroacoustic studies, south Texas artificial reefs exhibited a
vertically heterogeneous distribution of fishes that varied with
structure orientation. These reefs were dominated by economically
important lutjanids and carangids, both of which presented sampling
challenges due to their patchy distribution around these vast
structures. The non-uniform distribution and mobility of these dominant
taxa highlight the utility of adopting roving approaches to assess fish
communities on these complex structures. We conclude our study with a
discussion of important logistical challenges associated with micro-ROV
surveys in deepwater habitats, and potential complementary approaches to
assist documentation of demersal fishes inhabiting a persistently turbid
bottom layer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000353740700016,
  author = {Ajemian, Matthew J and Wetz, Jennifer Jarrell and Shipley-Lozano, Brooke and Stunz, Gregory W},
  title = {Rapid assessment of fish communities on submerged oil and gas platform reefs using remotely operated vehicles},
  journal = {FISHERIES RESEARCH},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {167},
  pages = {143--155},
  doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2015.02.011}
}
Streit K, Bennett SA, Van Dover CL and Coleman M (2015), "Sources of organic carbon for Rimicaris hybisae: Tracing individual fatty acids at two hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid-Cayman rise", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS., jun, 2015. Vol. 100, pp. 13-20.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents harbor ecosystems mostly decoupled from organic
carbon synthesized with the energy of sunlight (photosynthetic carbon
source) but fueled instead by oxidation of reduced compounds to generate
a chemosynthetic carbon source. Our study aimed to disentangle
photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organic carbon sources for the shrimp
species Rimicaris hybisae, a primary consumer presumed to obtain its
organic carbon mainly from ectosymbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria
living on its gill cover membrane. To provide ectosymbionts with ideal
conditions for chemosynthesis, these shrimp live in dense clusters
around vent chimneys; they are, however, also found sparsely distributed
adjacent to diffuse vent flows, where they might depend on alternative
food sources. Densely and sparsely distributed shrimp were sampled and
dissected into abdominal tissue and gill cover membrane, covered with
ectosymbiotic bacteria, at two hydrothermal vent fields in the
Mid-Cayman rise that differ in vent chemistry. Fatty acids (FA) were
extracted from shrimp tissues and their carbon isotopic compositions
assessed. The FA data indicate that adult R. hybisae predominantly rely
on bacteria for their organic carbon needs. Their FA composition is
dominated by common bacterial FA of the n7 family (similar to 41%).
Bacterial FA of the n4 FA family are also abundant and found to
constitute good biomarkers for gill ectosymbionts. Sparsely distributed
shrimp contain fractions of n4 FA in gill cover membranes similar to 4%
lower than densely packed ones (similar to 18%) and much higher
fractions of photosynthetic FA in abdominal tissues, similar to 4% more
(compared with 1.6%), suggesting replacement of ectosymbionts along
with exoskeletons (molt), while they take up alternative diets of partly
photosynthetic organic carbon. Abdominal tissues also contain
photosynthetic FA from a second source taken up presumably during an
early dispersal phase and still present to c. 3% in adult shrimp. The
contribution of photosynthetic carbon to the FA pool of adult R. hybisae
is, however, overall small (max. 8%). Significant differences in carbon
isotopic values of chemosynthetically derived FA between vent fields
suggest that different dominant C fixation pathways are being used. (C)
2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000354588900002,
  author = {Streit, Kathrin and Bennett, Sarah A and Van Dover, Cindy L and Coleman, Max},
  title = {Sources of organic carbon for Rimicaris hybisae: Tracing individual fatty acids at two hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid-Cayman rise},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {100},
  pages = {13--20},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.02.003}
}
McDermott JM, Seewald JS, German CR and Sylva SP (2015), "Pathways for abiotic organic synthesis at submarine hydrothermal fields", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA., jun, 2015. Vol. 112(25), pp. 7668-7672.
Abstract: Arguments for an abiotic origin of low-molecular weight organic
compounds in deep-sea hot springs are compelling owing to implications
for the sustenance of deep biosphere microbial communities and their
potential role in the origin of life. Theory predicts that warm H-2-rich
fluids, like those emanating from serpentinizing hydrothermal systems,
create a favorable thermodynamic drive for the abiotic generation of
organic compounds from inorganic precursors. Here, we constrain two
distinct reaction pathways for abiotic organic synthesis in the natural
environment at the Von Damm hydrothermal field and delineate spatially
where inorganic carbon is converted into bioavailable reduced carbon. We
reveal that carbon transformation reactions in a single system can
progress over hours, days, and up to thousands of years. Previous
studies have suggested that CH4 and higher hydrocarbons in ultramafic
hydrothermal systems were dependent on H-2 generation during active
serpentinization. Rather, our results indicate that CH4 found in vent
fluids is formed in H-2-rich fluid inclusions, and higher n-alkanes may
likely be derived from the same source. This finding implies that, in
contrast with current paradigms, these compounds may form independently
of actively circulating serpentinizing fluids in ultramafic-influenced
systems. Conversely, widespread production of formate by SCO2 reduction
at Von Damm occurs rapidly during shallow subsurface mixing of the same
fluids, which may support anaerobic methanogenesis. Our finding of
abiogenic formate in deep-sea hot springs has significant implications
for microbial life strategies in the present- day deep biosphere as well
as early life on Earth and beyond.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000356731300054,
  author = {McDermott, Jill M and Seewald, Jeffrey S and German, Christopher R and Sylva, Sean P},
  title = {Pathways for abiotic organic synthesis at submarine hydrothermal fields},
  journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {112},
  number = {25},
  pages = {7668--7672},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1506295112}
}
Grosche A, Sekaran H, Perez-Rodriguez I, Starovoytov V and Vetriani C (2015), "Cetia pacifica gen. nov., sp nov., a chemolithoautotrophic, thermophilic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., apr, 2015. Vol. 65(4), pp. 1144-1150.
Abstract: A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, strain
TB-6(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent located on the
East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees N. The cells were Gram-staining-negative
and rod-shaped with one or more polar flagella. Cell size was
approximately 1-1.5 mu m in length and 0.5 mu m in width. Strain TB-6(T)
grew between 45 and 70 degrees C (optimum 55-60 degrees C), 0 and 35 g
NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20-30 gl(-1)) and pH 4.5 and 7.5 (optimum pH
5.5-6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 2 h. Growth of
strain TB-6(T) occurred with H-2 as the energy source, CO2 as the carbon
source and nitrate or sulfur as electron acceptors, with formation of
ammonium or hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Acetate, (+)-n-glucose,
Casamino acids, sucrose and yeast extract were not used as carbon and
energy sources. Inhibition of growth occurred in the presence of
lactate, peptone and tryptone under a H-2/CO2 (80 :20; 200 kPa) gas
phase. Thiosulfate, sulfite, arsenate, selenate and oxygen were not used
as electron acceptors. The G +C content of the genomic DNA was 36.8
molo/o. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain TB-6(T)
showed that this organism branched separately from the three most
closely related genera, Caminibacter, Nautilia and Lebetimonas, within
the family Nautiliaceae. Strain TB-6(T) contained several unique fatty
acids in comparison with other members of the family Nautiliaceae. Based
on experimental evidence, it is proposed that the organism represents a
novel species and genus within the family Nautiliaceae, Cetia pacifica,
gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TB-6(T) (=DSM 27783T=JCM
19563(T)).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000356841900006,
  author = {Grosche, Ashley and Sekaran, Hema and Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Starovoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {Cetia pacifica gen. nov., sp nov., a chemolithoautotrophic, thermophilic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1144--1150},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.000070}
}
Troni G and Whitcomb LL (2015), "Advances in In Situ Alignment Calibration of Doppler and High/Low-end Attitude Sensors for Underwater Vehicle Navigation: Theory and Experimental Evaluation", JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS., aug, 2015. Vol. 32(5, SI), pp. 655-674.
Abstract: This paper reports the development and comparative performance
evaluation, using laboratory and at-sea field data, of new methods for
the problem of in situ calibration of the alignment rotation matrix
between Doppler sonar velocity sensors and attitude sensors arising in
the navigation of underwater vehicles. Most previously reported
solutions to this alignment calibration problem require the use of
absolute navigation fixes of the underwater vehicle, thus requiring
additional navigation sensors and/or beacons to be located externally
and apart from the underwater vehicle. We report four novel alignment
calibration methods employing only internal vehicle navigation sensors
for velocity, acceleration, attitude, and depth. We report the results
of comparative analysis of the performance of these new methods and a
previously reported method with a navigation laboratory and at-sea field
data. Laboratory data were obtained with the Johns Hopkins University
JHU remotely operated underwater vehicle in the JHU Hydrodynamic Test
Facility. At-sea field data were obtained from deep-water survey
missions of the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle conducted in March,
2011 in the Kermadec Arc in the Southern Pacific Ocean. In addition, we
report a comparative experimental evaluation of several recently
reported calibration methods when employing low-cost
microelectromechanical system attitude sensors. In all these cases, the
results reveal consistent differences in performance of the various
methods when analyzed on navigation data from several different vehicle
dives.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000358016200003,
  author = {Troni, Giancarlo and Whitcomb, Louis L},
  title = {Advances in In Situ Alignment Calibration of Doppler and High/Low-end Attitude Sensors for Underwater Vehicle Navigation: Theory and Experimental Evaluation},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {32},
  number = {5, SI},
  pages = {655--674},
  doi = {10.1002/rob.21551}
}
Reed DC, Breier JA, Jiang H, Anantharaman K, Klausmeier CA, Toner BM, Hancock C, Speer K, Thurnherr AM and Dick GJ (2015), "Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents", ISME JOURNAL., aug, 2015. Vol. 9(8), pp. 1857-1869.
Abstract: Submarine hydrothermal vents perturb the deep-ocean microbiome by
injecting reduced chemical species into the water column that act as an
energy source for chemosynthetic organisms. These systems thus provide
excellent natural laboratories for studying the response of microbial
communities to shifts in marine geochemistry. The present study explores
the processes that regulate coupled microbial-geochemical dynamics in
hydrothermal plumes by means of a novel mathematical model, which
combines thermodynamics, growth and reaction kinetics, and transport
processes derived from a fluid dynamics model. Simulations of a plume
located in the ABE vent field of the Lau basin were able to reproduce
metagenomic observations well and demonstrated that the magnitude of
primary production and rate of autotrophic growth are largely regulated
by the energetics of metabolisms and the availability of electron
donors, as opposed to kinetic parameters. Ambient seawater was the
dominant source of microbes to the plume and sulphur oxidisers
constituted almost 90% of the modelled community in the
neutrally-buoyant plume. Data from drifters deployed in the region
allowed the different time scales of metabolisms to be cast in a spatial
context, which demonstrated spatial succession in the microbial
community. While growth was shown to occur over distances of tens of
kilometers, microbes persisted over hundreds of kilometers. Given that
high-temperature hydrothermal systems are found less than 100 km apart
on average, plumes may act as important vectors between different vent
fields and other environments that are hospitable to similar organisms,
such as oil spills and oxygen minimum zones.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000358260100015,
  author = {Reed, Daniel C and Breier, John A and Jiang, Houshuo and Anantharaman, Karthik and Klausmeier, Christopher A and Toner, Brandy M and Hancock, Cathrine and Speer, Kevin and Thurnherr, Andreas M and Dick, Gregory J},
  title = {Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {9},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1857--1869},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2015.4}
}
Fu L, He Y, Xu F, Ma Q, Wang F and Xu J (2015), "Characterization of a novel thermostable patatin-like protein from a Guaymas basin metagenomic library", EXTREMOPHILES., jul, 2015. Vol. 19(4), pp. 829-840.
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are a natural habitat for thermophiles, in
which contain plenty of enzymes that can function at high temperatures.
In this work, we constructed a fosmid library in Escherichia coli using
metagenomic DNA isolated from a chimney sample collected in the
hydrothermal vents in Guaymas Basin. The library was screened for
lipolytic activity and positive clones were subjected to subcloning. A
novel patatin-like protein (PLP) that exhibited less than 45 % identity
in amino acid sequence to known enzymes was obtained. Common features of
the patatin-like proteins, such as four conserved blocks, were detected.
Interestingly, there was an Ala at site 42 in PLP instead of the first
Gly-residue in the consensus sequence Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly found in other PLP
homologs. The active sites of PLP were Ser44 and Asp160.
Spectrophotometric assays with different p-nitrophenyl esters
demonstrated a preference for p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) and
p-nitrophenyl decanoate (C10). Moreover, PLP demonstrated optimal
activity at 70 A degrees C and at pH 9.0 (Tris-HCl). The activation
energy from the linear Arrhenius plot was found to be 38.3 +/- A 0.9
kJ/mol. The K (m) and V (max) of PLP for C4 were 304 +/- A 38 mu M and
14 +/- A 0.38 mu mol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. Gene-mining of the
metagenome dataset that was generated by pyrosequencing the same chimney
sample resulted in identification of 20 PLP homolog gene fragments,
which could represent promising examples of this category of
thermostable proteins.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000358290000012,
  author = {Fu, Ling and He, Ying and Xu, Fangdi and Ma, Qun and Wang, Fengping and Xu, Jun},
  title = {Characterization of a novel thermostable patatin-like protein from a Guaymas basin metagenomic library},
  journal = {EXTREMOPHILES},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {829--840},
  doi = {10.1007/s00792-015-0758-x}
}
Forget NL, Perez M and Juniper SK (2015), "Molecular study of bacterial diversity within the trophosome of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae", MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE., aug, 2015. Vol. 36(1, SI), pp. 35-44.
Abstract: A large proportion of the faunal biomass in hydrothermal vent ecosystems
relies on symbiotic relationships, with bacteria as a source of
nutrition. Whereas multiple symbioses have been observed in diverse vent
hosts, siboglinid tubeworms have been thought to harbour a single
endosymbiont phylotype affiliated to the Gammaproteobacteria. In the
case of the Northeast Pacific vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae, two
previous studies suggested the presence of more than one symbiont. The
possibility of multiple, and possibly habitat-specific, symbionts in R.
piscesae provided a potential explanation for the tube-worm's broad
ecological niche, compared with other hydrothermal vent siboglinids.
This study further explored the diversity of trophosome bacteria in R.
piscesae using two methodological approaches not yet applied to this
symbiosis. We carried out 454-pyrosequencing on trophosome samples from
46 individual worms and used catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence
in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) to verify the presence of the major
groups detected in the pyrotag data. Both methods yielded inconsistent
and sometimes contradictory results between sampling sites, and neither
provided irrefutable evidence for the presence of symbionts other than
the expected Gammaproteobacteria. We therefore conclude that the other
adaptive mechanisms must be considered to explain the broad
physico-chemical niche occupied by the different growth forms of R.
piscesae.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000360368300003,
  author = {Forget, Nathalie L and Perez, Maeva and Juniper, S Kim},
  title = {Molecular study of bacterial diversity within the trophosome of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1, SI},
  pages = {35--44},
  doi = {10.1111/maec.12169}
}
Orcutt BN, Sylvan JB, Rogers DR, Delaney J, Lee RW and Girguis PR (2015), "Carbon fixation by basalt-hosted microbial communities", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., sep, 2015. Vol. 6
Abstract: Oceanic crust is a massive potential habitat for microbial life on Earth, yet our understanding of this ecosystem is limited due to difficulty in access. In particular, measurements of rates of microbial activity are sparse. We used stable carbon isotope incubations of crustal samples, coupled with functional gene analyses, to examine the potential for carbon fixation on oceanic crust. Both seafloor-exposed and subseafloor basalts were recovered from different mid-ocean ridge and hot spot environments (i.e., the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Loihi Seamount) and incubated with C-13-labeled bicarbonate. Seafloor-exposed basalts revealed incorporation of C-13-label into organic matter over time, though the degree of incorporation was heterogeneous. The incorporation of C-13 into biomass was inconclusive in subseafloor basalts. Translating these measurements into potential rates of carbon fixation indicated that 0.1-10 nmol C g(-1) rock d(-1) could be fixed by seafloor-exposed rocks. When scaled to the global production of oceanic crust, this suggests carbon fixation rates of 10(9)-10(12) g C year(-1), which matches earlier predictions based on thermodynamic calculations. Functional gene analyses indicate that the Calvin cycle is likely the dominant biochemical mechanism for carbon fixation in basalt-hosted biofilms, although the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway and reverse TCA cycle likely play some role in net carbon fixation. These results provide empirical evidence for autotrophy in oceanic crust, suggesting that basalt-hosted autotrophy could be a significant contributor of organic matter in this remote and vast environment.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000360888000001,
  author = {Orcutt, Beth N and Sylvan, Jason B and Rogers, Daniel R and Delaney, Jennifer and Lee, Raymond W and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Carbon fixation by basalt-hosted microbial communities},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {6},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.90400904}
}
Plum C, Gollner S, Martinez-Arbizu P and Bright M (2015), "Diversity and composition of the copepod communities associated with megafauna around a cold seep in the Gulf of Mexico with remarks on species biogeography", MARINE BIODIVERSITY., sep, 2015. Vol. 45(3), pp. 419-432.
Abstract: In order to characterize the copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations around a hydrocarbon seep in the Green Canyon of the Gulf of Mexico, diversity, abundance, and community composition were analyzed. Also analyzed were species biogeography and the potential connectivity to other chemosynthesis-based habitats. Copepod abundance and biomass were very low among tubeworms and mussels, with 0.22 to 6.08 individuals per 10 cm(2) sampled area and 9.02 to 42.43 mu g wet weight 10 cm(2) sampled area, respectively; but, abundance was significantly higher among the mussels. Fifty-five copepod species were identified, of which most were newly discovered and primarily belonging to the Harpacticoida order. Four copepod species were previously recorded from other food-rich and hard-substrata environments, such as hydrothermal vents or wood falls. Another four species showed close morphological proximity to species described from cold seeps, hydrothermal vents, and wood falls. Copepod diversity and community composition showed no significant differences between the foundation species. However, differences in the relative abundance and dominance of single species indicate a rather homogeneous community in mussel beds and a more heterogeneous community among tubeworms, indicating that foundation species may shape the abundance and community composition of associated copepods at cold seeps.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000361755600008,
  author = {Plum, Christoph and Gollner, Sabine and Martinez-Arbizu, Pedro and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Diversity and composition of the copepod communities associated with megafauna around a cold seep in the Gulf of Mexico with remarks on species biogeography},
  journal = {MARINE BIODIVERSITY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {419--432},
  doi = {10.1007/s12526-014-0310-8}
}
Mason OU, Case DH, Naehr TH, Lee RW, Thomas RB, Bailey JV and Orphan VJ (2015), "Comparison of Archaeal and Bacterial Diversity in Methane Seep Carbonate Nodules and Host Sediments, Eel River Basin and Hydrate Ridge, USA", MICROBIAL ECOLOGY., oct, 2015. Vol. 70(3), pp. 766-784.
Abstract: Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) impacts carbon cycling by acting as
a methane sink and by sequestering inorganic carbon via AOM-induced
carbonate precipitation. These precipitates commonly take the form of
carbonate nodules that form within methane seep sediments. The timing
and sequence of nodule formation within methane seep sediments are not
well understood. Further, the microbial diversity associated with
sediment-hosted nodules has not been well characterized and the degree
to which nodules reflect the microbial assemblage in surrounding
sediments is unknown. Here, we conducted a comparative study of
microbial assemblages in methane-derived authigenic carbonate nodules
and their host sediments using molecular, mineralogical, and geochemical
methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene diversity from paired carbonate
nodules and sediments revealed that both sample types contained
methanotrophic archaea (ANME-1 and ANME-2) and syntrophic
sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae), as
well as other microbial community members. The combination of
geochemical and molecular data from Eel River Basin and Hydrate Ridge
suggested that some nodules formed in situ and captured the local
sediment-hosted microbial community, while other nodules may have been
translocated or may represent a record of conditions prior to the
contemporary environment. Taken together, this comparative analysis
offers clues to the formation regimes and mechanisms of sediment-hosted
carbonate nodules.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000361984700015,
  author = {Mason, Olivia U and Case, David H and Naehr, Thomas H and Lee, Raymond W and Thomas, Randal B and Bailey, Jake V and Orphan, Victoria J},
  title = {Comparison of Archaeal and Bacterial Diversity in Methane Seep Carbonate Nodules and Host Sediments, Eel River Basin and Hydrate Ridge, USA},
  journal = {MICROBIAL ECOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {70},
  number = {3},
  pages = {766--784},
  doi = {10.1007/s00248-015-0615-6}
}
Rona PA, Bemis KG, Xu G and Mitsuzawa K (2015), "Estimations of heat transfer from Grotto's North Tower: A NEPTUNE Observatory case study", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY., nov, 2015. Vol. 121(SI), pp. 95-111.
Abstract: The overall heat transfer through an active hydrothermal sulfide
edifice, in particular the North Tower of Grotto, has been estimated at
80 MW or greater based on the following in situ measurements and
assumptions: (1) The heat transfer by diffuse flow is estimated at
33-380 MW based on extrapolating the acoustically mapped area to all
sides of the North Tower (''visible'' area=30 m(2); extrapolated
area= 100 m(2)) and using the range of available spot measurements of
temperature (6-23 degrees C) and vertical velocity (0.07-0.28 m/s). The
lower number (33 MW) is more likely, but there is insufficient knowledge
of the temporal and spatial variability of diffuse flow to be certain.
(2) The heat transfer by focused flow is estimated at 30-70 MW based on
summing the estimated individual rates of heat transfer for 4 out of 7
documented black smokers and flanges. (3) Conductive heat transfer out
of the mound is unknown, but is likely to be much less than the
advective heat transfer. Additionally, the plume transport of heat is
estimated at 20-40 MW based on the direct measurement of temperature
within the plume (at 5-25 m above the top of the edifice). Despite
uncertainties, the lower estimate of plume versus smoker heat transfer
suggests that heat transfer is dominantly by diffuse flow. Furthermore,
not all plumes from individual smokers may merge even for so small an
area as the North Tower of Grotto. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000365379500011,
  author = {Rona, Peter A and Bemis, Karen G and Xu, Guangyu and Mitsuzawa, Kyohiko},
  title = {Estimations of heat transfer from Grotto's North Tower: A NEPTUNE Observatory case study},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  number = {SI},
  pages = {95--111},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.010}
}
Gollner S, Govenar B, Arbizu PM, Mills S, Le Bris N, Weinbauer M, Shank TM and Bright M (2015), "Differences in recovery between deep-sea hydrothermal vent and vent-proximate communities after a volcanic eruption", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS., dec, 2015. Vol. 106, pp. 167-182.
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and the surrounding basalt seafloor are
subject to major natural disturbance events such as volcanic eruptions.
In the near future, anthropogenic disturbance in the form of deep-sea
mining could also significantly affect the faunal communities of
hydrothermal vents. In this study, we monitor and compare the recovery
of insular, highly productive vent communities and vent-proximate basalt
communities following a volcanic eruption that destroyed almost all
existing communities at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50'N in 2006.
To study the recovery patterns of the benthic communities, we placed
settlement substrates at vent sites and their proximate basalt areas and
measured the prokaryotic abundance and compared the meio- and
macrofaunal species richness and composition at one, two and four years
after the eruption. In addition, we collected samples from the overlying
water column with a pelagic pump, at one and two years after the
volcanic eruption, to determine the abundance of potential meiofauna
colonisers. One year after eruption, mean meio- and macrofaunal
abundances were not significantly different from pre-eruption values in
vent habitats (meio: 8-1838 ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2006; 3-6246 ind. 64
cm(-2) in 2001/02; macro: 95-1600 ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2006; 205-4577 ind.
64 cm(-2) in 2001/02) and on non-vent basalt habitats (meio: 10-1922
ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2006; 8328 ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2003/04; macro: 14-3351
ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2006; 2-63 ind. 64 cm(-2) in 2003/04), but species
recovery patterns differed between the two habitat types. In the vent
habitat, the initial community recovery was relatively quick but
incomplete four years after eruption, which may be due to the good
dispersal capabilities of vent endemic macrofauna and vent endemic
dirivultid copepods. At vents, 42% of the pre-eruption meio- and 39%
of macrofaunal species had returned. In addition, some new species not
evident prior to the eruption were found. At the tubeworm site Tica, a
total of 26 meio- and 19 macrofaunal species were found in 2009, which
contrasts with the 24 meio- and 29 macrofauna species detected at the
site in 2001/01 In the basalt habitat, community recovery of meiofauna
was slower with only 28% of the original 64 species present four years
after eruption. The more limited dispersal capabilities of meiofauna
basalt specialists such as nematodes or harpacticoid copepods probably
caused this pattern. In contrast, 67% of the original 27 macrofaunal
species had recolonized the basalt by 2009. Our results suggest that not
only vent communities, but also species-rich communities of
vent-proximate habitats require attention in conservation efforts. (C)
2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000366233300014,
  author = {Gollner, Sabine and Govenar, Breea and Arbizu, Pedro Martinez and Mills, Susan and Le Bris, Nadine and Weinbauer, Markus and Shank, Timothy M and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Differences in recovery between deep-sea hydrothermal vent and vent-proximate communities after a volcanic eruption},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {167--182},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.008}
}
Nedoncelle K, Lartaud F, Pereira LC, Yuecel M, Thurnherr AM, Mullineaux L and Le Bris N (2015), "Bathymodiolus growth dynamics in relation to environmental fluctuations in vent habitats", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS., dec, 2015. Vol. 106, pp. 183-193.
Abstract: The deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus is a dominant species in
the East Pacific Rise (EPR) hydrothermal vent fields. On the EPR
volcanically unstable area, this late colonizer reaches high biomass
within 4-5 years on new habitats created. by lava flows. The
environmental conditions and growth rates characterizing the
reestablishment of B. thermophilus populations are however largely
unknown, leaving unconstrained the role of this foundation species in
the ecosystem dynamics. A typical example from the vent field at 9
degrees 50'N that was affected by the last massive eruption was the
Bio-9 hydrothermal vent site. Here, six years later, a large mussel
population had reestablished. The von Bertalanffy growth model estimates
the oldest B. thermophilus specimens to be 1.3 year-old in March 2012,
consistent with the observation of scarce juveniles among tubeworms in
2010. Younger cohorts were also observed in 2012 but the low number of
individuals, relatively to older cohorts, suggests limited survival or
growth of new recruits at this site, that could reflect unsuitable
habitat conditions. To further explore this asumption, we investigated
the relationships between mussel growth dynamics and habitat properties.
The approach combined sclerochronology analyses of daily shell growth
with continuous habitat monitoring for two mussel assemblages; one from
the Bio-9 new settlement and a second from the V-vent site unreached by
the lava flow. At both vent sites, semi-diurnal fluctuations of abiotic
conditions were recorded using sensors deployed in the mussel bed over 5
to 10 days. These data depict steep transitions from well oxygenated to
oxygen-depleted conditions and from alkaline to acidic pH, combined with
intermittent sulfide exposure. These semi-diurnal fluctuations exhibited
marked changes in amplitude over time, exposing mussels to distinct
regimes of abiotic constraints. The V-vent samples allowed growth
patterns to be examined at the scale of individual life and compared to
long-term records of habitat temperature and oceanographic mooring data
in the years following the eruption. Both shell growth and habitat
temperature at V-vent varied over the spring-neap tidal cycle and over
longer periods of c.a. 60 days. The correlation of growth rate with
temperature and, for some individuals, with current velocities supports
the idea that tidal forcing impacts growth. Its influence on habitat
conditions includes the spring-neap cycle, which is not reflected in
current velocities but influences the venting rate. Additionally, it is
expected that mesoscale eddies periodically passing across the ridge
imprint shell growth through the influence of bottom current on the
decimeter-thick mixing interface where mussels thrive. We conclude that
diurnal-semidiurnal tidal fluctuations exert major abiotic constraints
on B. thermophilus mussels and that low-frequency fluctuations act as
significant determinants on growth. Finally, we postulate that the
modulation of tidal fluctuations by large-scale hydrodynamic forcing
ultimately constrains the capacity of this mussel species to form high
biomass aggregations. This study indeed shows that the absence of these
strong hydrodynamic drivers would limit the alternance of oxic and
sulfidic conditions and significantly affect the growth rate of this
species over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000366233300015,
  author = {Nedoncelle, K and Lartaud, F and Pereira, L Contreira and Yuecel, M and Thurnherr, A M and Mullineaux, L and Le Bris, N},
  title = {Bathymodiolus growth dynamics in relation to environmental fluctuations in vent habitats},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {183--193},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.003}
}
Bernhard JM, Morrison CR, Pape E, Beaudoin DJ, Todaro MA, Pachiadaki MG, Kormas KA and Edgcomb VP (2015), "Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins", BMC BIOLOGY., dec, 2015. Vol. 13
Abstract: Background: The deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) of the
Mediterranean (water depth similar to 3500 m) are some of the most
extreme oceanic habitats known. Brines of DHABs are nearly saturated
with salt, leading many to suspect they are uninhabitable for
eukaryotes. While diverse bacterial and protistan communities are
reported from some DHAB haloclines and brines, loriciferans are the only
metazoan reported to inhabit the anoxic DHAB brines. Our goal was to
further investigate metazoan communities in DHAB haloclines and brines.
Results: We report observations from sediments of three DHAB (Urania,
Discovery, L'Atalante) haloclines, comparing these to observations from
sediments underlying normoxic waters of typical Mediterranean salinity.
Due to technical difficulties, sampling of the brines was not possible.
Morphotype analysis indicates nematodes are the most abundant taxon;
crustaceans, loriciferans and bryozoans were also noted. Among
nematodes, Daptonema was the most abundant genus; three morphotypes were
noted with a degree of endemicity. The majority of rRNA sequences were
from planktonic taxa, suggesting that at least some individual metazoans
were preserved and inactive. Nematode abundance data, in some cases
determined from direct counts of sediments incubated in situ with
CellTracker (TM) Green, was patchy but generally indicates the highest
abundances in either normoxic control samples or in upper halocline
samples; nematodes were absent or very rare in lower halocline samples.
Ultrastructural analysis indicates the nematodes in L'Atalante normoxic
control sediments were fit, while specimens from L'Atalante upper
halocline were healthy or had only recently died and those from the
lower halocline had no identifiable organelles. Loriciferans, which were
only rarely encountered, were found in both normoxic control samples as
well as in Discovery and L'Atalante haloclines. It is not clear how a
metazoan taxon could remain viable under this wide range of conditions.
Conclusions: We document a community of living nematodes in normoxic,
normal saline deep-sea Mediterranean sediments and in the upper
halocline portions of the DHABs. Occurrences of nematodes in
mid-halocline and lower halocline samples did not provide compelling
evidence of a living community in those zones. The possibility of a
viable metazoan community in brines of DHABs is not supported by our
data at this time.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000366346800001,
  author = {Bernhard, Joan M and Morrison, Colin R and Pape, Ellen and Beaudoin, David J and Todaro, M Antonio and Pachiadaki, Maria G and Kormas, Konstantinos Ar and Edgcomb, Virginia P},
  title = {Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins},
  journal = {BMC BIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {13},
  doi = {10.1186/s12915-015-0213-6}
}
Grimes CB, Wooden JL, Cheadle MJ and John BE (2015), "``Fingerprinting'' tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon", CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY., dec, 2015. Vol. 170(5-6)
Abstract: Over 5300 recent SHRIMP-RG analyses of trace elements (TE) in igneous zircon have been compiled and classified based on their original tectono-magmatic setting to empirically evaluate ``geochemical fingerprints'' unique to those settings. Immobile element geochemical fingerprints used for lavas are applied with the same rational to zircon, including consideration of mineral competition on zircon TE ratios, and new criteria for distinguishing mid-ocean ridge (MOR), magmatic arc, and ocean island (and other plume-influenced) settings are proposed. The elemental ratios in zircon effective for fingerprinting tectono-magmatic provenance are systematically related to lava composition from equivalent settings. Existing discrimination diagrams using zircon U/Yb versus Hf or Y do not distinguish TE-enriched ocean island settings (i.e., Iceland, Hawaii) from magmatic arc settings. However, bivariate diagrams with combined cation ratios involving U-Nb-Sc-Yb-Gd-Ce provide a more complete distinction of zircon from these settings. On diagrams of U/Yb versus Nb/Yb, most MOR, ocean island, and kimberlite zircon define a broad ``mantle-zircon array''; arc zircon defines a parallel array offset to higher U/Yb. Distinctly low U/Yb ratios of MOR zircon (typically textless0.1) mirror their parental magmas and long-term incompatible element depletion of the MORB mantle. Plume-influenced sources are distinguished from MOR by higher U/Yb, U/Nb, Nb/Yb, and Nb/Sc. For zircon with U/Yb textgreater0.1, high Sc/Yb separates arc settings from low-Sc/Yb plume-influenced sources. The slope of scandium enrichment trends in zircon differ between MOR and continental arc settings, likely reflecting the involvement of amphibole during melt differentiation. Scandium is thus also critical for discriminating provenance, but its behavior in zircon probably reflects contrasting melt fractionation trends between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline systems more than compositional differences in primitive magmas sourced at each tectono-magmatic source.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000366805800006,
  author = {Grimes, C B and Wooden, J L and Cheadle, M J and John, B E},
  title = {``Fingerprinting'' tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon},
  journal = {CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {170},
  number = {5-6},
  doi = {10.1007/s00410-015-1199-3}
}
Lee MD, Walworth NG, Sylvan JB, Edwards KJ and Orcutt BN (2015), "Microbial Communities on Seafloor Basalts at Dorado Outcrop Reflect Level of Alteration and Highlight Global Lithic Clades", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., dec, 2015. Vol. 6
Abstract: Areas of exposed basalt along mid-ocean ridges and at seafloor outcrops serve as conduits of fluid flux into and out of a subsurface ocean, and microbe-mineral interactions can influence alteration reactions at the rock-water interface. Located on the eastern flank of the East Pacific Rise, Dorado Outcrop is a site of low temperature (textless 20 degrees C) hydrothermal venting and represents a new end-member in the current survey of seafloor basalt biomes. Consistent with prior studies, a survey of 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity using universal primers targeting the V4 hypervariable region revealed much greater richness and diversity on the seafloor rocks than in surrounding seawater. Overall, Gamma-, Alpha-, and Deltaproteobacteria, and Thaumarchaeota dominated the sequenced communities, together making up over half of the observed diversity, though bacterial sequences were more abundant than archaeal in all samples. The most abundant bacterial reads were closely related to the obligate chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing Thioprofundum lifl-lotrophicum, suggesting carbon and sulfur cycling as dominant metabolic pathways in this system. Representatives of Thaumarchaeota were detected in relatively high abundance on the basalts in comparison to bottom water, possibly indicating ammonia oxidation. In comparison to other sequence datasets from globally distributed seafloor basalts, this study reveals many overlapping and cosmopolitan phylogenetic groups and also suggests that substrate age correlates with community structure.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000367001600001,
  author = {Lee, Michael D and Walworth, Nathan G and Sylvan, Jason B and Edwards, Katrina J and Orcutt, Beth N},
  title = {Microbial Communities on Seafloor Basalts at Dorado Outcrop Reflect Level of Alteration and Highlight Global Lithic Clades},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {6},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.01470}
}
Kormas K, Pachiadaki M, Karayanni H, Leadbetter ER, Bernhard JM and Edgcomb VP (2015), "Inter-comparison of the potentially active prokaryotic communities in the halocline sediments of Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline basins", Extremophiles. Vol. 19, pp. 949-960.
Abstract: The sediment microbiota of the Mediterranean deep-sea anoxic hypersaline basins (DHABs) are understudied relative to communities in the brines and halocline waters. In this study, the active fraction of the prokaryotic community in the halocline sediments of L' Atalante, Urania, and Discovery DHABs was investigated based on extracted total RNA and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial and archaeal communities were different in the sediments underlying the halocline waters of the three habitats, reflecting the unique chemical settings of each basin. The relative abundance of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was also different between deep-sea control sediments and sediments underlying DHAB haloclines, suggesting adaptation to the steep DHAB chemical gradients. Only a few OTUs were affiliated to known bacterial halophilic and/or anaerobic groups. Many OTUs, including some of the dominant ones, were related to aerobic taxa. Archaea were detected only in few halocline samples, with lower OTU richness relative to Bacteria, and were dominated by taxa associated with methane cycling. This study suggests that, while metabolically active prokaryotic communities appear to be present in sediments underlying the three DHABs investigated, their diversity and activity are likely to be more reduced in sediments underlying the brines.
BibTeX:
@article{Kormas2015,
  author = {Kormas, K and Pachiadaki, M and Karayanni, H and Leadbetter, E R and Bernhard, J M and Edgcomb, V P},
  title = {Inter-comparison of the potentially active prokaryotic communities in the halocline sediments of Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline basins},
  journal = {Extremophiles},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {949--960}
}
Larson BI, Lang SQ, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Lupton JE, Nakamura K and Buck NJ (2015), "Stealth export of hydrogen and methane from a low temperature serpentinization system", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 233-245.
Abstract: Chemical input to the deep sea from hydrothermal systems is a globally distributed phenomenon. Hydrothermal discharge is one of the primary mechanisms by which the Earth's interior processes manifest themselves at the Earth's surface, and it provides a source of energy for autotrophic processes by microbes that are too deep to capitalize on sunlight. Much is known about the water-column signature of this discharge from high-temperature mid-ocean Ridge (MOR) environments and their neighboring low-temperature counterparts. Hydrothermal discharge farther away from the ridge, however, has garnered less attention, owing in part to the difficulty in finding this style of venting, which eludes methods of detection that work well for high-temperature ‘black smoker'-type venting. Here we present a case study of the plume from one such ‘invisible' off-axis environment, The Lost City, with an emphasis on the dissolved volatile content of the hydrothermal plume. Serpentinization and abiotic organic synthesis generate significant concentrations of H2 and CH4 in vent fluid, but these species are unevenly transported to the overlying plume, which itself appears to be a composite of two different sources. A concentrated vent cluster on the talus slope channels fluid through at least eight chimneys, producing a water-column plume with the highest observed concentrations of CH4 in the field. In contrast, a saddle in the topography leading up to a carbonate cap hosts broadly distributed, nearly invisible venting apparent only in its water-column signals of redox potential and dissolved gas content, including the highest observed plume H2. After normalizing H2 and CH4 to the 3He background-corrected anomaly (3HeΔ) to account for mixing and relative amount of mantle input, it appears that, while a minimum of 60% of CH4 is transported out of the system, greater than 90% of the H2 is consumed in the subsurface prior to venting. The exception to this pattern occurs in the plume originating from the area dubbed Chaff Beach, in which somewhat more than 10% of the original H2 remains, indicating that this otherwise unremarkable plume, and others like it, may represent a significant source of H2 to the deep sea.
BibTeX:
@article{Larson2015,
  author = {Larson, B I and Lang, S Q and Lilley, M D and Olson, E J and Lupton, J E and Nakamura, K and Buck, N J},
  title = {Stealth export of hydrogen and methane from a low temperature serpentinization system},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {233--245},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.007}
}
Lee RW, Robert K, Matabos M, Bates AE and Juniper SK (2015), "Temporal and spatial variation in temperature experienced by macrofauna at Main Endeavour hydrothermal vent field", Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 106, pp. 154-166.
Abstract: A significant focus of hydrothermal vent ecological studies has been to understand how species cope with various stressors through physiological tolerance and biochemical resistance. Yet, the environmental conditions experienced by vent species have not been well characterized. This objective requires continuous observations over time intervals that can capture environmental variability at scales that are relevant to animals. We used autonomous temperature logger arrays (four roughly parallel linear arrays of 12 loggers spaced every 10–12 cm) to study spatial and temporal variations in the thermal regime experienced by hydrothermal vent macrofauna at a diffuse flow vent. Hourly temperatures were recorded over eight months from 2010 to 2011 at Grotto vent in the Main Endeavour vent field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, a focus area of the Ocean Networks Canada cabled observatory. The conspicuous animal assemblages in video footage contained Ridgeia piscesae tubeworms, gastropods (primarily Lepetodrilus fucensis), and polychaetes (polynoid scaleworms and the palm worm Paralvinella palmiformis). Two dimensional spatial gradients in temperature were generally stable over the deployment period. The average temperature recorded by all arrays, and in some individual loggers, revealed distinctive fluctuations in temperature that often corresponded with the tidal cycle. We postulate that this may be related to changes in bottom currents or fluctuations in vent discharge. A marked transient temperature increase lasting over a period of days was observed in April 2011. While the distributions and behavior of Juan de Fuca Ridge vent invertebrates may be partially constrained by environmental temperature and temperature tolerance, except for the one transient high-temperature event, observed fluid temperatures were generally similar to the thermal preferences for some species, and typically well below lethal temperatures for all species. Average temperatures of the four arrays ranged from 4.1 to 11.0 °C during the deployment, indicating that on an hourly timescale the temperature conditions in this tubeworm community were fairly moderate and stable. The generality of these findings and behavioral responses of vent organisms to predictable
BibTeX:
@article{Lee2015,
  author = {Lee, R W and Robert, K and Matabos, M and Bates, A E and Juniper, S K},
  title = {Temporal and spatial variation in temperature experienced by macrofauna at Main Endeavour hydrothermal vent field},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {154--166},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.004}
}
Li M, Baker BJ, Anantharaman K, Jain S, Breier JA and Dick GJ (2015), "Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for scavenging of diverse organic compounds by widespread deep-sea archaea", Nature Communications. Vol. 6, pp. 8933.
Abstract: Microbial activity is one of the most important processes to mediate the flux of organic carbon from the ocean surface to the seafloor. However, little is known about the microorganisms that underpin this key step of the global carbon cycle in the deep oceans. Here we present genomic and transcriptomic evidence that five ubiquitous archaeal groups actively use proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids and lipids as sources of carbon and energy at depths ranging from 800 to 4,950 m in hydrothermal vent plumes and pelagic background seawater across three different ocean basins. Genome-enabled metabolic reconstructions and gene expression patterns show that these marine archaea are motile heterotrophs with extensive mechanisms for scavenging organic matter. Our results shed light on the ecological and physiological properties of ubiquitous marine archaea and highlight their versatile metabolic strategies in deep oceans that might play a critical role in global carbon cycling.
BibTeX:
@article{Li2015,
  author = {Li, M and Baker, B J and Anantharaman, K and Jain, S and Breier, J A and Dick, G J},
  title = {Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for scavenging of diverse organic compounds by widespread deep-sea archaea},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {8933},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms9933}
}
Lin H-T, Amend JP, LaRowe DE, Bingham J-P and Cowen JP (2015), "Dissolved amino acids in oceanic basaltic basement fluids", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 164, pp. 175-190.
Abstract: The oceanic basaltic basement contains the largest aquifer on Earth and potentially plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as a net sink for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, few details of the organic matter cycling in the subsurface are known because great water depths and thick sediments typically hinder direct access to this environment. In an effort to examine the role of water–rock–microorganism interaction on organic matter cycling in the oceanic basaltic crust, basement fluid samples collected from three borehole observatories installed on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved amino acids. Our data show that dissolved free amino acids (1–13 nM) and dissolved hydrolyzable amino acids (43–89 nM) are present in the basement. The amino acid concentrations in the ridge-flank basement fluids are at the low end of all submarine hydrothermal fluids reported in the literature and are similar to those in deep seawater. Amino acids in recharging deep seawater, in situ amino acid production, and diffusional input from overlying sediments are potential sources of amino acids in the basement fluids. Thermodynamic modeling shows that amino acid synthesis in the basement can be sustained by energy supplied from inorganic substrates via chemolithotrophic metabolisms. Furthermore, an analysis of amino acid concentrations and compositions in basement fluids support the notion that heterotrophic activity is ongoing. Similarly, the enrichment of acidic amino acids and depletion of hydrophobic ones relative to sedimentary particulate organic matter suggests that surface sorption and desorption also alters amino acids in the basaltic basement. In summary, although the oceanic basement aquifer is a net sink for deep seawater DOC, similar amino acid concentrations in basement aquifer and deep seawater suggest that DOC is preferentially removed in the basement over dissolved amino acids. Our data also suggest that organic carbon cycling occurs in the oceanic basaltic basement, where an active subsurface biosphere is likely responsible for amino acid synthesis and degradation.
BibTeX:
@article{Lin2015,
  author = {Lin, H-T and Amend, J P and LaRowe, D E and Bingham, J-P and Cowen, J P},
  title = {Dissolved amino acids in oceanic basaltic basement fluids},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {164},
  pages = {175--190},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.044}
}
Mavor JW (2015), "Observation windows of the deep submersible Alvin", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 49(6), pp. 17-31.
Abstract: The basis of the design of ALVIN plexiglas windows is presented. Results of several tests of plexiglas windows are presented and discussed. It is concluded that the lapping of windows into their seats is unnecessary and that a close fit is not required. ALVIN windows are conservative in design for the operating depth of 6000 feet. The use of a test window seat which does not simulate the hull strains is satisfactory for window test. It is recommended that the conical window seat be extended inward beyond the window to allow for normal elastic extrusion. Plexiglas windows are susceptible to collision damage due to brittleness and low strength of the material. An external rubber gasket is required to prevent low pressure leakage.
BibTeX:
@article{Mavor2015,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Observation windows of the deep submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {49},
  number = {6},
  pages = {17--31}
}
McDermott JM, Ono S, Tivey MK, Seewald JS and Shanks WC (2015), "Identification of sulfur sources and isotopic equilibria in submarine hot-springs using multiple sulfur isotopes", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 160, pp. 169-187.
Abstract: Multiple sulfur isotopes were measured in metal sulfide deposits, elemental sulfur, and aqueous hydrogen sulfide to constrain sulfur sources and the isotopic systematics of precipitation in seafloor hydrothermal vents. Areas studied include the Eastern Manus Basin and Lau Basin back-arc spreading centers and the unsedimented basalt-hosted Southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) and sediment-hosted Guaymas Basin mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. Chalcopyrite and dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H2S) δ34S values range from −5.5‰ to +5.6‰ in Manus Basin samples, +2.4‰ to +6.1‰ in Lau Basin samples, and +3.7‰ to +5.7‰ in SEPR samples. Values of δ34S for cubic cubanite and H2S range from −1.4‰ to +4.7‰ in Guaymas Basin samples. Multiple sulfur isotope systematics in fluid-mineral pairs from the SEPR and Lau Basin show that crustal host rock and thermochemical reduction of seawater-derived dissolved sulfate (SO4) are the primary sources of sulfur in mid-ocean ridge and some back-arc systems. At PACMANUS and SuSu Knolls hydrothermal systems in the Eastern Manus Basin, a significant contribution of sulfur is derived from disproportionation of magmatic sulfur dioxide (SO2), while the remaining sulfur is derived from crustal host rocks and SO4 reduction. At the sedimented Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system, sulfur sources include crustal host rock, reduced seawater SO4, and biogenic sulfide. Vent fluid flow through fresher, less-mature sediment supplies an increased quantity of reactant organic compounds that may reduce 34S-enriched SO4, while fluid interaction with more highly-altered sediments results in H2S characterized by a small, but isotopically-significant input of 34S-depleted biogenic sulfides. Near-zero Δ33S values in all samples implicate the abiotic processes of SO4 reduction and leaching of host rock as the major contributors to sulfur content at a high temperature unsedimented mid-ocean ridge and at a back-arc system. Δ33S values indicate that SO2 disproportionation is an additional process that contributes sulfur to a different back-arc system and to acid spring-type hydrothermal fluid circulation. At the sedimented Guaymus Basin, near-zero Δ33S values are also observed, despite negative δ34S values that indicate inputs of biogenic pyrite for some samples. In contrast with previous studies reporting isotope disequilibrium between H2S and chalcopyrite, the δ34S values of chalcopyrite sampled from the inner 1–2 mm of a chimney wall are within ±1‰ of δ34S values for H2S in the paired vent fluid, suggesting equilibrium fluid-mineral sulfur isotope exchange at 300–400 °C. Isotopic equilibrium between hydrothermal fluid H2S and precipitating chalcopyrite implies that sulfur isotopes in the chalcopyrite lining across a chimney wall may accurately record past hydrothermal activity.
BibTeX:
@article{McDermott2015,
  author = {McDermott, J M and Ono, S and Tivey, M K and Seewald, J S and Shanks, W C},
  title = {Identification of sulfur sources and isotopic equilibria in submarine hot-springs using multiple sulfur isotopes},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {160},
  pages = {169--187},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.016}
}
O'Brien CE, Giovannelli D, Govenar BW, Luther GW, Lutz RA, Shank TM and Vetriani C (2015), "Microbial biofilms associated with fluid chemistry and megafaunal colonization at post-eruptive deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 31-40.
Abstract: At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, reduced, super-heated hydrothermal fluids mix with cold, oxygenated seawater. This creates temperature and chemical gradients that support chemosynthetic primary production and a biomass-rich community of invertebrates. In late 2005/early 2006 an eruption occurred on the East Pacific Rise at 9°50′N, 104°17′W. Direct observations of the post-eruptive diffuse-flow vents indicated that the earliest colonizers were microbial biofilms. Two cruises in 2006 and 2007 allowed us to monitor and sample the early steps of ecosystem recovery. The main objective of this work was to characterize the composition of microbial biofilms in relation to the temperature and chemistry of the hydrothermal fluids and the observed patterns of megafaunal colonization. The area selected for this study had local seafloor habitats of active diffuse flow (in-flow) interrupted by adjacent habitats with no apparent expulsion of hydrothermal fluids (no-flow). The in-flow habitats were characterized by higher temperatures (1.6–25.2 °C) and H2S concentrations (up to 67.3 µM) than the no-flow habitats, and the microbial biofilms were dominated by chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria. The no-flow habitats had much lower temperatures (1.2–5.2 °C) and H2S concentrations (0.3–2.9 µM), and Gammaproteobacteria dominated the biofilms. Siboglinid tubeworms colonized only in-flow habitats, while they were absent at the no-flow areas, suggesting a correlation between siboglinid tubeworm colonization, active hydrothermal flow, and the composition of chemosynthetic microbial biofilms.
BibTeX:
@article{OBrien2015,
  author = {O'Brien, C E and Giovannelli, D and Govenar, B W and Luther, G W and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Microbial biofilms associated with fluid chemistry and megafaunal colonization at post-eruptive deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {31--40},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.020}
}
Quattrini AM, Baums IB, Shank TM, Morrison C and Cordes EE (2015), "Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 282(1807), pp. 20150008.
Abstract: The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200-1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographical distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400 to 900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographical distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.434) between C. delta and a closely related species, Callogorgia americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors covarying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations.
BibTeX:
@article{Quattrini2015,
  author = {Quattrini, A M and Baums, I B and Shank, T M and Morrison, C and Cordes, E E},
  title = {Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {282},
  number = {1807},
  pages = {20150008},
  doi = {10.1098/rspb.2015.0008}
}
Scott JJ, Breier JA, Luther GW and Emerson D (2015), "Microbial Iron Mats at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Evidence that Zetaproteobacteria May Be Restricted to Iron-Oxidizing Marine Systems", PLoS ONE. Vol. 10(3), pp. e0119284.
Abstract: Chemolithoautotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria play an essential role in the global iron cycle. Thus far, the majority of marine iron-oxidizing bacteria have been identified as Zetaproteobacteria, a novel class within the phylum Proteobacteria. Marine iron-oxidizing microbial communities have been found associated with volcanically active seamounts, crustal spreading centers, and coastal waters. However, little is known about the presence and diversity of iron-oxidizing communities at hydrothermal systems along the slow crustal spreading center of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. From October to November 2012, samples were collected from rust-colored mats at three well-known hydrothermal vent systems on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Rainbow, Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, and Snake Pit) using the ROV Jason II. The goal of these efforts was to determine if iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria were present at sites proximal to black smoker vent fields. Small, diffuse flow venting areas with high iron(II) concentrations and rust-colored microbial mats were observed at all three sites proximal to black smoker chimneys. A novel, syringe-based precision sampler was used to collect discrete microbial iron mat samples at the three sites. The presence of Zetaproteobacteria was confirmed using a combination of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and single-cell sorting, while light micros-copy revealed a variety of iron-oxyhydroxide structures, indicating that active iron-oxidizing communities exist along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Sequencing analysis suggests that these iron mats contain cosmopolitan representatives of Zetaproteobacteria, but also exhibit diversity that may be uncommon at other iron-rich marine sites studied to date. A meta-analysis of publically available data encompassing a variety of aquatic habitats indicates that Zetaproteobacteria are rare if an iron source is not readily available. This work adds to the growing understanding of Zetaproteobacteria ecology and suggests that this organism is likely locally restricted to iron-rich marine environments but may exhibit wide-scale geographic distribution, further underscoring the importance of Zetaproteobacteria in global iron cycling.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott2015,
  author = {Scott, J J and Breier, J A and Luther, G W and Emerson, D},
  title = {Microbial Iron Mats at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Evidence that Zetaproteobacteria May Be Restricted to Iron-Oxidizing Marine Systems},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {e0119284},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0119284}
}
Seyfried WE, Pester NJ, Tutolo BM and Ding K (2015), "The Lost City hydrothermal system: Constraints imposed by vent fluid chemistry and reaction path models on subseafloor heat and mass transfer processes", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 163, pp. 59-79.
Abstract: Since the first reported discovery of the Lost City hydrothermal system in 2001, it was recognized that seawater alteration of ultramafic rocks plays a key role in the composition of the coexisting vent fluids. The unusually high pH and high concentrations of H2 and CH4 provide compelling evidence for this. Here we report the chemistry of hydrothermal fluids sampled from two vent structures (Beehive: ∼90–116 °C, and M6: ∼75 °C) at Lost City in 2008 during cruise KNOX18RR using ROV Jason 2 and R/V Revelle assets. The vent fluid chemistry at both sites reveals considerable overlap in concentrations of dissolved gases (H2, CH4), trace elements (Cs, Rb, Li, B and Sr), and major elements (SO4, Ca, K, Na, Cl), including a surprising decrease in dissolved Cl, suggesting a common source fluid is feeding both sites. The absence of Mg and relatively high concentrations of Ca and sulfate suggest solubility control by serpentine–diopside–anhydrite, while trace alkali concentrations, especially Rb and Cs, are high, assuming a depleted mantle protolith. In both cases, but especially for Beehive vent fluid, the silica concentrations are well in excess of those expected for peridotite alteration and the coexistence of serpentine–brucite at all reasonable temperatures. However, both the measured pH and silica values are in better agreement with serpentine–diopside–tremolite-equilibria. Geochemical modeling demonstrates that reaction of plagioclase with serpentinized peridotite can shift the chemical system away from brucite and into the tremolite stability field. This is consistent with the complex intermingling of peridotite and gabbroic bodies commonly observed within the Atlantis Massif. We speculate the existence of such plagioclase bearing peridotite may also account for the highly enriched trace alkali (Cs, Rb) concentrations in the Lost City vent fluids. Additionally, reactive transport modeling taking explicit account of temperature dependent rates of mineral dissolution and precipitation clarifies the feedback between permeability, heat loss, and changes in the dissolved Si of the vent fluids. Assuming both the Beehive and M6 vent fluids were sourced at similar subseafloor conditions (tremolite buffered at 200 °C), model results indicate loss of approximately 30% Si upon cooling to ∼150 °C during upflow. However, Si concentrations remained largely conservative with continued cooling to lower temperatures owing to unfavorable reaction kinetics. While consistent with the Beehive endmember composition, these results fail to explain the relative Si depletion in the lower temperature M6 fluids. Thus, it may be that more robust kinetic models for silicates are needed to accurately account for the mechanism and rate of silica removal in the unusually high pH of the Lost City vent fluids.
BibTeX:
@article{Seyfried2015,
  author = {Seyfried, W E and Pester, N J and Tutolo, B M and Ding, K},
  title = {The Lost City hydrothermal system: Constraints imposed by vent fluid chemistry and reaction path models on subseafloor heat and mass transfer processes},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {163},
  pages = {59--79},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.040}
}
Zhang H, Johnson SB, Flores VR and Vrijenhoek RC (2015), "Intergradation between discrete lineages of Tevnia jerichonana, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm", Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 121, pp. 53-61.
Abstract: We describe a broad zone of intergradation between genetically differentiated, northern and southern lineages of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Tevnia jerichonana. DNA sequences from four genes, nuclear HSP and ATPsα and mitochondrial COI and Cytb were examined in samples from eastern Pacific vent localities between 13°N and 38°S latitude. Allelic frequencies at these loci exhibited concordant latitudinal clines, and genetic differentiation (pairwise ΦST's) increased with geographical distances between sample localities. Though this pattern of differentiation suggested isolation-by-distance (IBD), it appeared to result from hierarchical population structure. Genotypic assignment tests identified two population clusters comprised of samples from the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR: 9–13°N) and an extension of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR: 31–32°S) with a zone of intergradation along the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR: 7–17°S). The overall degrees of DNA sequence divergence between the NEPR and PAR populations were slight and not indicative of lengthy isolation. Bayesian assignment methods suggested that the SEPR populations constitute intergrades that connect the NEPR and PAR populations. Though it typically is difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary intergradation, our results were consistent with parallel studies of vent-restricted species that suggest a high degree of demographic instability along the superfast-spreading SEPR axis. Frequent local extinctions and immigration from NEPR and PAR refugia probably shaped the observed pattern of intergradation.
BibTeX:
@article{Zhang2015,
  author = {Zhang, H and Johnson, S B and Flores, V R and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Intergradation between discrete lineages of Tevnia jerichonana, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {121},
  pages = {53--61},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.028}
}
(2015), "Centuries-old shipwreck discovered off North Carolina", Ocean News & Technology. Vol. 21(7), pp. 16.
Abstract: Scanning sonar from a scientific expedition has revealed the remains of a previously unknown shipwreck more than a mile deep off the North Carolina coast. Artifacts on the wreck indicate it might date to the American Revolution. Marine scientists from Duke University, North Carolina State University and the University of Oregon discovered the wreck on 12 July during a research expedition aboard the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) research ship Atlantis. They spotted the wreck while using WHOI's AUV Sentry and the manned submersible Alvin. The team had been searching for a mooring that was deployed on a previous research trip in the area in 2012.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Centuries-old shipwreck discovered off North Carolina},
  journal = {Ocean News & Technology},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {21},
  number = {7},
  pages = {16}
}
Baumberger T, Lilley MD, Resing JA, Lupton JE, Baker ET, Butterfield DA, Olson EJ and Fruh-Green GL (2014), "Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008-2012", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 15(12), pp. 4631-4650.
Abstract: Four cruises between 2008 and 2012 monitored the continuing eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin as it produced plumes of chemically altered water above its summit. Although large enrichments in He-3, CO2, Fe, and Mn were observed in the plumes, the most notable enrichment was that of H-2, which reached concentrations as high as 14,843 nM. Strongly enriched H-2 concentrations in the water column result from reactions between seawater or magmatic water and extremely hot rocks. In 2008, the observation of elevated H-2 concentrations in the water column above West Mata pointed to vigorous ongoing eruptions at the volcano's summit. The eruption was confirmed by visual observations made by the ROV Jason 2 in 2009 and demonstrated that H-2 measurements are a vital instrument to detect ongoing volcanic eruptions at the seafloor. Elevated H-2 in 2010 showed that the eruption was ongoing, although at a reduced level given a maximum H-2 concentration of 4410 nM. In 2012, H-2 levels in the water column declined significantly, to a maximum of only 7 nM, consistent with visual observations from the Quest-4000 ROV that found no evidence of an ongoing volcanic eruption. Methane behaved independently of other measured gases and its concentrations in the hydrothermal plume were very low. We attribute its minimal enrichments to a mixture of mantle carbon reduced to CH4 and biological CH4 from diffuse flow sites. This study demonstrates that ongoing submarine volcanic eruptions are characterized by high dissolved H-2 concentrations present in the overlying water column.
BibTeX:
@article{Baumberger2014,
  author = {Baumberger, T and Lilley, M D and Resing, J A and Lupton, J E and Baker, E T and Butterfield, D A and Olson, E J and Fruh-Green, G L},
  title = {Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008-2012},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {12},
  pages = {4631--4650},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005460}
}
Bernhard JM, Kormas K, Pachiadaki M, Rocke E, Beaudoin DJ, Morrison C, Visscher PT, Cobban A, Starczak VR and Edgcomb VP (2014), "Benthic protists and fungi of Mediterranean deep hypsersaline anoxic basin redoxcline sediments", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 5, pp. 605.
Abstract: Some of the most extreme marine habitats known are the Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs; water depth ∼3500 m). Brines of DHABs are nearly saturated with salt, leading many to suspect they are uninhabitable for eukaryotes. While diverse bacterial and protistan communities are reported from some DHAB water-column haloclines and brines, the existence and activity of benthic DHAB protists have rarely been explored. Here, we report findings regarding protists and fungi recovered from sediments of three DHAB (Discovery, Urania, L' Atalante) haloclines, and compare these to communities from sediments underlying normoxic waters of typical Mediterranean salinity. Halocline sediments, where the redoxcline impinges the seafloor, were studied from all three DHABs. Microscopic cell counts suggested that halocline sediments supported denser protist populations than those in adjacent control sediments. Pyrosequencing analysis based on ribosomal RNA detected eukaryotic ribotypes in the halocline sediments from each of the three DHABs, most of which were fungi. Sequences affiliated with Ustilaginomycotina Basidiomycota were the most abundant eukaryotic signatures detected. Benthic communities in these DHABs appeared to differ, as expected, due to differing brine chemistries. Microscopy indicated that only a low proportion of protists appeared to bear associated putative symbionts. In a considerable number of cases, when prokaryotes were associated with a protist, DAPI staining did not reveal presence of any nuclei, suggesting that at least some protists were carcasses inhabited by prokaryotic scavengers.
BibTeX:
@article{Bernhard2014,
  author = {Bernhard, J M and Kormas, K and Pachiadaki, M and Rocke, E and Beaudoin, D J and Morrison, C and Visscher, P T and Cobban, A and Starczak, V R and Edgcomb, V P},
  title = {Benthic protists and fungi of Mediterranean deep hypsersaline anoxic basin redoxcline sediments},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {605},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00605}
}
Brooke S and Ross SW (2014), "First observations of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in mid-Atlantic canyons of the USA", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 104(0), pp. 245-251.
Abstract: The structure-forming, cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is widely distributed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean and also occurs in the South Atlantic, North Pacific and Indian oceans. This species has formed extensive reefs, chiefly in deep water, along the continental margins of Europe and the United States, particularly off the southeastern U.S. coastline and in the Gulf of Mexico. There were, however, no records of L. pertusa between the continental slope off Cape Lookout, North Carolina (NC) (∼34°N, 76°W), and the rocky Lydonia and Oceanographer canyons off Cape Cod, Massachusetts (MA) (∼40°N, 68°W). During a research cruise in September 2012, L. pertusa colonies were observed on steep walls in both Baltimore and Norfolk canyons. These colonies were all approximately 2 m or less in diameter, usually hemispherical in shape and consisted entirely of live polyps. The colonies were found between 381 m and 434 m with environmental observations of: temperature 6.4–8.6 °C; salinity 35.0–35.6; and dissolved oxygen 2.06–4.41 ml L−1, all of which fall within the range of known L. pertusa distributions. All colonies were observed on vertical walls or underneath overhangs in areas of high current, which differs from observations further south, where L. pertusa colonizes rocky ledges and outcroppings, often forming large bioherms. We discuss observations from Baltimore and Norfolk canyons in the context of the known distribution of this species in the North Atlantic.
BibTeX:
@article{Brooke2014,
  author = {Brooke, S and Ross, S W},
  title = {First observations of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in mid-Atlantic canyons of the USA},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {104},
  number = {0},
  pages = {245--251},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002415},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.011}
}
Clague DA, Dreyer BM, Paduan JB, Martin JF, Caress DW, Gill JB, Kelley DS, Thomas H, Portner RA, Delaney JR, Guilderson TP and McGann ML (2014), "Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 15(8), pp. 3364-3391.
Abstract: High-resolution bathymetric surveys from autonomous underwater vehicles ABE and D. Allan B. were merged to create a coregistered map of 71.7 km(2) of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera in cores from three dives of remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts provide minimum eruption ages for 40 lava flows that are combined with the bathymetric data to outline the eruptive and tectonic history. The ages range from Modern to 10,700 marine-calibrated years before present (yr BP). During a robust magmatic phase from textgreater10,700 yr BP to approximate to 4300 yr BP, flows erupted from an axial high and many flowed textgreater5 km down the flanks; some partly buried adjacent valleys. Axial magma chambers (AMCs) may have been wider than today to supply dike intrusions over a 2 km wide axial zone. Summit Seamount formed by approximate to 4770 yr BP and was subsequently dismembered during a period of extension with little volcanism starting approximate to 4300 yr BP. This tectonic phase with only rare volcanic eruptions lasted until approximate to 2300 yr BP and may have resulted in near-solidification of the AMCs. The axial graben formed by crustal extension during this period of low magmatic activity. Infrequent eruptions occurred on the flanks between 2620-1760 yr BP and within the axial graben since approximate to 1750 yr BP. This most recent phase of limited volcanic and intense hydrothermal activity that began approximate to 2300 yr BP defines a hydrothermal phase of ridge development that coincides with the present-day 1 km wide AMCs and overlying hydrothermal vent fields.
BibTeX:
@article{Clague2014,
  author = {Clague, D A and Dreyer, B M and Paduan, J B and Martin, J F and Caress, D W and Gill, J B and Kelley, D S and Thomas, H and Portner, R A and Delaney, J R and Guilderson, T P and McGann, M L},
  title = {Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {8},
  pages = {3364--3391},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005415}
}
Demopoulos AWJ, Bourque JR and Frometa J (2014), "Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea Lophelia pertusa habitats in the Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 93, pp. 91-103.
Abstract: Scleractinian corals create three-dimensional reefs that provide sheltered refuges, facilitate sediment accumulation, and enhance colonization of encrusting fauna. While heterogeneous coral habitats can harbor high levels of biodiversity, their effect on the community composition within nearby sediments remains unclear, particularly in the deep sea. Sediment macrofauna from deep-sea coral habitats (Lophelia pertusa) and non-coral, background sediments were examined at three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico (VK826, VK906, MC751, 350–500 m depth) to determine whether macrofaunal abundance, diversity, and community composition near corals differed from background soft-sediments. Macrofaunal densities ranged from 26 to 125 individuals 32 cm−2 and were significantly greater near coral versus background sediments only at VK826. Of the 86 benthic invertebrate taxa identified, 16 were exclusive to near-coral habitats, while 14 were found only in background sediments. Diversity (Fisher's α) and evenness were significantly higher within near-coral sediments only at MC751 while taxon richness was similar among all habitats. Community composition was significantly different both between near-coral and background sediments and among the three primary sites. Polychaetes numerically dominated all samples, accounting for up to 70% of the total individuals near coral, whereas peracarid crustaceans were proportionally more abundant in background sediments (18%) than in those near coral (10%). The reef effect differed among sites, with community patterns potentially influenced by the size of reef habitat. Taxon turnover occurred with distance from the reef, suggesting that reef extent may represent an important factor in structuring sediment communities near L. pertusa. Polychaete communities in both habitats differed from other Gulf of Mexico (GOM) soft sediments based on data from previous studies, and we hypothesize that local environmental conditions found near L. pertusa may influence the macrofaunal community structure beyond the edges of the reef. This study represents the first assessment of L. pertusa-associated sediment communities in the GOM and provides baseline data that can help define the role of transition zones, from deep reefs to soft sediments, in shaping macrofaunal community structure and maintaining biodiversity; this information can help guide future conservation and management activities.
BibTeX:
@article{Demopoulos2014,
  author = {Demopoulos, A W J and Bourque, J R and Frometa, J},
  title = {Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea Lophelia pertusa habitats in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {93},
  pages = {91--103},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014}
}
Doughty CL, Quattrini AM and Cordes EE (2014), "Insights into the population dynamics of the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea in the Gulf of Mexico", Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Vol. 99(0), pp. 71-82.
Abstract: Species in the genus Paramuricea are among the most common corals in deep waters (textgreater200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. Paramuricea spp. increase habitat heterogeneity and provide substrate for numerous faunal associates, including ophiuroids that occur on the majority of coral colonies. In light of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, it has become apparent that there is a critical need for data on population dynamics within this genus. To date, at least one species of Paramuricea (P. biscaya) is known to be negatively impacted by the spill. Using remotely operated vehicles from 2009 to 2011, we documented the density and size frequency distributions of Paramuricea across 21 sites at depths of 250–2500 m. Molecular barcoding (mtCOI+igr+MutS) was used to delineate species boundaries among the specimens collected. Results suggested that seven haplotypes are present in the Gulf, and appear to be partially segregated by depth [(type H: was used to delineate species boundaries among the specimens collected. Results suggested that seven haplotypes are present in the Gulf, and appear to be partially segregated by depth [(type H: Paramuricea spp. determined by ROV surveys were mapped onto high-resolution bathymetric data, which confirmed the corals' preference for topographic highs composed of hard substrata. At any one site, densities ranged from 0.043±0.01 (VK906, 380 m) to 1.18±0.81 colonies/m2 (GC852, 1410 m). Mortality and recruitment rates were estimated from size-frequency data combined with estimated growth rates. Mortality rate decreased with size, from approximately 20% and 70% in new recruits of Paramuricea B3 and P. biscaya respectively, to less than 10% in colonies over 40 cm in both species. Recruitment rates were estimated from less than one to over 30 individuals per year per site, but patterns in size-frequency histograms suggest that this process is highly variable at the different sites and at different times. These data illustrate that populations of the slow-growing Paramuricea species are sparsely distributed and exhibit low recruitment rates, making them highly susceptible to anthropogenic threats.
BibTeX:
@article{Doughty2014,
  author = {Doughty, C L and Quattrini, A M and Cordes, E E},
  title = {Insights into the population dynamics of the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {99},
  number = {0},
  pages = {71--82},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002142},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.023}
}
Edgcomb VP and Pachiadaki M (2014), "Ciliates along Oxyclines of Permanently Stratified Marine Water Columns", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. Vol. 61(4), pp. 434-445.
Abstract: Studies of microbial communities in areas of the world where permanent marine water column oxyclines exist suggest they are "hotspots" of microbial activity, and that these water features and the anoxic waters below them are inhabited by diverse protist taxa, including ciliates. These communities have minimal taxonomic overlap with those in overlying oxic water columns. Some ciliate taxa have been detected in multiple locations where these stable water column oxyclines exist; however, differences in such factors as hydrochemistry in the habitats that have been studied suggest local selection for distinct communities. We compare published data on ciliate communities from studies of deep marine water column oxyclines in Caricao Basin, Venezuela, and the Black Sea, with data from coastal, shallower oxycline waters in Framvaren and Mariager fjords, and from several deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Putative symbioses between Bacteria, Archaea, and ciliates observed along these oxyclines suggests a strategy of cooperative metabolism for survival that includes chemosynthetic autotrophy and exchanges of metabolic intermediates or end products between hosts and their prokaryotic partners.
BibTeX:
@article{Edgcomb2014,
  author = {Edgcomb, V P and Pachiadaki, M},
  title = {Ciliates along Oxyclines of Permanently Stratified Marine Water Columns},
  journal = {Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {61},
  number = {4},
  pages = {434--445},
  doi = {10.1111/jeu.12122}
}
Embley RW, Merle SG, Baker ET, Rubin KH, Lupton JE, Resing JA, Dziak RP, Lilley MD, Chadwick WW, Shank TM, Greene R, Walker SL, Haxel JH, Olson EJ and Baumberger T (2014), "Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 15(10), pp. 4093-4115.
Abstract: We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade-long changes in the location and character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and pyroclasts were observed erupting from its summit in 2009, and hydroacoustic data from a succession of hydrophones moored nearby show near-continuous eruptive activity from January 2009 to early 2011. Successive differencing of seven multibeam bathymetric surveys of the volcano made in the 1996–2012 period reveals a pattern of extended constructional volcanism on the summit and northwest flank punctuated by eruptions along the volcano's WSW rift zone (WSWRZ). Away from the summit, the volumetrically largest eruption during the observational period occurred between May 2010 and November 2011 at ∼2920 m depth near the base of the WSWRZ. The (nearly) equally long ENE rift zone did not experience any volcanic activity during the 1996–2012 period. The cessation of summit volcanism recorded on the moored hydrophone was accompanied or followed by the formation of a small summit crater and a landslide on the eastern flank. Water column sensors, analysis of gas samples in the overlying hydrothermal plume and dives with a remotely operated vehicle in September 2012 confirmed that the summit eruption had ceased. Based on the historical eruption rates calculated using the bathymetric differencing technique, the volcano could be as young as several thousand years.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley2014,
  author = {Embley, R W and Merle, S G and Baker, E T and Rubin, K H and Lupton, J E and Resing, J A and Dziak, R P and Lilley, M D and Chadwick, W W and Shank, T M and Greene, R and Walker, S L and Haxel, J H and Olson, E J and Baumberger, T},
  title = {Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {10},
  pages = {4093--4115},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005387}
}
Feng D, Birgel D, Peckmann J, Roberts HH, Joye SB, Sassen R, Liu X-L, Hinrichs KU and Chen D (2014), "Time integrated variation of sources of fluids and seepage dynamics archived in authigenic carbonates from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Seafloor Observatory", Chemical Geology. Vol. 385, pp. 129-139.
Abstract: Authigenic carbonate rocks recovered from the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Seafloor Observatory in Mississippi Canyon block 118 (MC118) at approximately 900 m water depth were studied using mineralogical, bulk geochemical, and lipid biomarker analyses. Carbonate rocks occurred as fractured blocks and nodular masses incorporated in carbonate breccias. The carbonates were comprised mainly of high-Mg-calcite and aragonite. The stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of authigenic carbonate varied from − 29.8‰ to − 18.1‰ vs. V-PDB, suggesting a complex mixture of various carbon sources, including dissolved marine inorganic carbon (DIC), oil, as well as methane. Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) varied from + 3.4‰ to + 5.8‰. The observed 18O-enrichment in relation to calculated equilibrium values in the carbonates probably reflects decomposition of gas hydrates. The most abundant lipid biomarkers in the carbonates were isoprenoidal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), predominated by GDGT-2 and GDGT-3, which are typically indicators of anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea (ANMEs). Mono- and bicyclic biphytanes (derived after ether cleavage of GDGT-2 and GDGT-3) showed strong 13C-depletion, which is characteristic for ANMEs. Interestingly, large differences between the δ13C values of the archaeal diether archaeol and acyclic biphytane on the one hand and monocyclic biphytane on the other hand suggest the presence of archaea other than ANMEs. Archaeol and GDGT-0 (containing two acyclic biphytane moieties) are commonly assigned to various methanogenic archaea. Where methane seepage activity is intermediate or low within acoustic wipeout zones at the MC118 gas hydrate site nowadays, microbial communities must have coped with changing conditions as well as longer-term fluctuations in oil and gas seepage or the temporary cessation of hydrocarbon flux in the past. The change from methane seepage to oil seepage or vice versa in addition to flux variability apparently favors the establishment of complex prokaryotic communities dominated by archaea. In addition to anaerobic oxidation of methane, local production of methane is apparently prominent at the study site based on the occurrence of biomarkers of methanogens in the authigenic carbonate. This finding adds to the ongoing multidisciplinary effort to better constrain the environment at the MC118 observatory site and to determine the locally dominant biogeochemical processes.
BibTeX:
@article{Feng2014,
  author = {Feng, D and Birgel, D and Peckmann, J and Roberts, H H and Joye, S B and Sassen, R and Liu, X-L and Hinrichs, K -U and Chen, D},
  title = {Time integrated variation of sources of fluids and seepage dynamics archived in authigenic carbonates from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Seafloor Observatory},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {385},
  pages = {129--139},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.020}
}
Feseker T, Boetius A, Wenzhöfer F, Blandin J, Olu K, Yoerger DR, Camilli R, German CR and de Beer D (2014), "Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement", Nature Communications. Vol. 5, pp. 5385.
Abstract: Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.
BibTeX:
@article{Feseker2014,
  author = {Feseker, T and Boetius, A and Wenzhöfer, F and Blandin, J and Olu, K and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and German, C R and de Beer, D},
  title = {Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {5385},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms6385}
}
Figueroa DF and Baco AR (2014), "Complete mitochondrial genomes elucidate phylogenetic relationships of the deep-sea octocoral families Coralliidae and Paragorgiidae", Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Vol. 99(0), pp. 83-91.
Abstract: In the past decade, molecular phylogenetic analyses of octocorals have shown that the current morphological taxonomic classification of these organisms needs to be revised. The latest phylogenetic analyses show that most octocorals can be divided into three main clades. One of these clades contains the families Coralliidae and Paragorgiidae. These families share several taxonomically important characters and it has been suggested that they may not be monophyletic; with the possibility of the Coralliidae being a derived branch of the Paragorgiidae. Uncertainty exists not only in the relationship of these two families, but also in the classification of the two genera that make up the Coralliidae, Corallium and Paracorallium. Molecular analyses suggest that the genus Corallium is paraphyletic, and it can be divided into two main clades, with the Paracorallium as members of one of these clades. In this study we sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of five species of Paragorgia and of five species of Corallium to use in a phylogenetic analysis to achieve two main objectives; the first to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship between the Paragorgiidae and Coralliidae and the second to determine whether the genera Corallium and Paracorallium are monophyletic. Our results show that other members of the Coralliidae share the two novel mitochondrial gene arrangements found in a previous study in Corallium konojoi and Paracorallium japonicum; and that the Corallium konojoi arrangement is also found in the Paragorgiidae. Our phylogenetic reconstruction based on all the protein coding genes and ribosomal RNAs of the mitochondrial genome suggest that the Coralliidae are not a derived branch of the Paragorgiidae, but rather a monophyletic sister branch to the Paragorgiidae. While our manuscript was in review a study was published using morphological data and several fragments from mitochondrial genes to redefine the taxonomy of the Coralliidae. Paracorallium was subsumed into Corallium and the genus Hemicorallium was resurrected. This left two disjunct clades as Corallium, making that genus paraphyletic. One of the clades includes the type specimens of Corallium, indicating that clade should remain Corallium. For the other clade, we support the resurrection of the genus Pleurocorallium to fix the paraphyly of Corallium. Based on congruent phylogenies in both studies, the genus Pleurocorallium includes the species C. secundum, C. kishinouyei, C. konojoi, C. elatius, and C. niveum.
BibTeX:
@article{Figueroa2014,
  author = {Figueroa, D F and Baco, A R},
  title = {Complete mitochondrial genomes elucidate phylogenetic relationships of the deep-sea octocoral families Coralliidae and Paragorgiidae},
  journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {99},
  number = {0},
  pages = {83--91},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002312},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.001}
}
Gartman A, Findlay AJ and Luther GW (2014), "Nanoparticulate pyrite and other nanoparticles are a widespread component of hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions", Chemical Geology. Vol. 366, pp. 32-41.
Abstract: The presence of nanoparticulate pyrite is reported in hydrothermal emissions from Rainbow, TAG and Snakepit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). When coupled with previously collected data from East Pacific Rise 9°N (EPR) and Lau Basin, these data demonstrate that pyrite nanoparticles are a widespread component of black smoker emissions from hydrothermal vents and are found in significant concentrations at a fast spreading mid-ocean Ridge (EPR), a back-arc basin (Lau Basin), and a slow spreading mid-ocean Ridge (MAR). The maximum percentage of filtered iron emitted as nanoparticulate pyrite was found to be as high as 25%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. As a widespread component of hydrothermal vent emissions, these nanoparticles may be an important source of iron to the world's oceans. Metals such as Cu and Zn are detected in pyrite-containing aggregates at all sites, and chalcopyrite was a component of nanoparticle aggregates at MAR. Iron containing silicate nanoparticles are also identified, and indicate that nanoparticles other than sulfides should also be considered when determining transport implications of hydrothermal vent emissions. The varied morphologies and the presence of different minerals within these nanoparticles provide insight into their formation and stability.
BibTeX:
@article{Gartman2014,
  author = {Gartman, A and Findlay, A J and Luther, G W},
  title = {Nanoparticulate pyrite and other nanoparticles are a widespread component of hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {366},
  pages = {32--41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.12.013}
}
Hu Y, Feng D, Peckmann J, Roberts HH and Chen D (2014), "New insights into cerium anomalies and mechanisms of trace metal enrichment in authigenic carbonate from hydrocarbon seeps", Chemical Geology. Vol. 381(0), pp. 55-66.
Abstract: Authigenic carbonates that form at marine hydrocarbon seeps provide a unique geological archive of past local environmental conditions and pore fluid geochemistry. Recent work on such carbonates revealed variable cerium (Ce) anomalies and anomalous enrichments of certain trace metals. However, the mechanisms accounting for such anomalies remain poorly constrained. Here, we characterize the rare earth element (REE) patterns of carbonate phases and the trace metal patterns of bulk carbonate rocks sampled at three hydrocarbon seeps located at Congo Fan pockmarks (CF) and the Gulf of Mexico sites AC645 and GB425. The analyzed CF, GB425, and AC645 carbonates yielded different REE patterns, displaying positive, no, as well as negative Ce anomalies. The covariation of molybdenum (Mo) with uranium (U), including authigenic Mo (Moauth) and U (Uauth) enrichments as well as (Mo/U)auth ratios proved useful to obtain new insight into the applicability of Ce anomalies to constrain past redox conditions. Trace element patterns suggest that (1) CF carbonates formed in a restricted sulfidic environment, while (2) the AC645 site experienced intermittent oxygenation causing negative Ce anomalies, and (3) environmental conditions were variable at the GB425 mud volcano site. Interestingly, GB425 carbonates show significant Mo, arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) enrichments with the enrichment factor of As (AsEF) correlating well with the authigenic Fe fraction. These results suggest that iron oxyhydroxides played an important role in the adsorption of Mo, As, and Sb in the water column and their transfer to the sediment. The combination of trace metal and REE geochemistry of authigenic carbonates used here is a promising tool to better assess past variability of redox conditions and biogeochemical processes at marine hydrocarbon seeps.
BibTeX:
@article{Hu2014,
  author = {Hu, Y and Feng, D and Peckmann, J and Roberts, H H and Chen, D},
  title = {New insights into cerium anomalies and mechanisms of trace metal enrichment in authigenic carbonate from hydrocarbon seeps},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {381},
  number = {0},
  pages = {55--66},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254114002538},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.014}
}
Green-Saxena A, Dekas AE, Dalleska NF and Orphan VJ (2014), "Nitrate-based niche differentiation by distinct sulfate-reducing bacteria involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane", ISME JOURNAL., jan, 2014. Vol. 8(1), pp. 150-163.
Abstract: Diverse associations between methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacterial groups (SRB) often co-occur in marine methane seeps; however, the ecophysiology of these different symbiotic associations has not been examined. Here, we applied a combination of molecular, geochemical and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (FISH-NanoSIMS) analyses of in situ seep sediments and methane-amended sediment incubations from diverse locations (Eel River Basin, Hydrate Ridge and Costa Rican Margin seeps) to investigate the distribution and physiology of a newly identified subgroup of the Desulfobulbaceae (seepDBB) found in consortia with ANME-2c archaea, and compared these with the more commonly observed associations between the same ANME partner and the Desulfobacteraceae (DSS). FISH analyses revealed aggregates of seepDBB cells in association with ANME-2 from both environmental samples and laboratory incubations that are distinct in their structure relative to co-occurring ANME/DSS consortia. ANME/seepDBB aggregates were most abundant in shallow sediment depths below sulfide-oxidizing microbial mats. Depth profiles of ANME/seepDBB aggregate abundance revealed a positive correlation with elevated porewater nitrate relative to ANME/DSS aggregates in all seep sites examined. This relationship with nitrate was supported by sediment microcosm experiments, in which the abundance of ANME/seepDBB was greater in nitrate-amended incubations relative to the unamended control. FISH-NanoSIMS additionally revealed significantly higher N-15-nitrate incorporation levels in individual aggregates of ANME/seepDBB relative to ANME/DSS aggregates from the same incubation. These combined results suggest that nitrate is a geochemical effector of ANME/seepDBB aggregate distribution, and provides a unique niche for these consortia through their utilization of a greater range of nitrogen substrates than the ANME/DSS.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000328605200015,
  author = {Green-Saxena, A and Dekas, A E and Dalleska, N F and Orphan, V J},
  title = {Nitrate-based niche differentiation by distinct sulfate-reducing bacteria involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {150--163},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.147}
}
Fallon SJ, Thresher RE and Adkins J (2014), "Age and growth of the cold-water scleractinian Solenosmilia variabilis and its reef on SW Pacific seamounts", CORAL REEFS., mar, 2014. Vol. 33(1), pp. 31-38.
Abstract: Little is known about growth rates of deep-water reef-forming corals or
the rates at which these reefs accumulate. Such information is critical
for determining the resilience of the reefs to anthropogenic impacts
such as trawling and climate change. We radiocarbon date live-caught and
sub-fossil samples of the bioherm-forming coral Solenosmilia variabilis
collected from precisely known depths and locations by means of a
remotely operated vehicle on seamounts south of Tasmania, Australia. The
growth rate of colonies live-caught between 958 and 1,454 m, which spans
most of the depth range of the species locally, ranged from 0.84 to 1.25
mm linear extension yr(-1) and tended to be higher in the deeper-caught
material. Analysis of skeletal microstructure suggests annual deposition
of growth increments near the growing tips, but not closer to the base,
as the skeleton is extended and thickened. Dating of sub-fossil material
indicates S. variabilis has been present on Tasmanian seamounts for at
least the last 47,000 yrs and a reef accumulation rate of 0.27 mm
yr(-1).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000330965000004,
  author = {Fallon, S J and Thresher, R E and Adkins, J},
  title = {Age and growth of the cold-water scleractinian Solenosmilia variabilis and its reef on SW Pacific seamounts},
  journal = {CORAL REEFS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--38},
  doi = {10.1007/s00338-013-1097-y}
}
Sapir A, Dillman AR, Connon SA, Grupe BM, Ingels J, Mundo-Ocampo M, Levin LA, Baldwin JG, Orphan VJ and Sternberg PW (2014), "Microsporidia-nematode associations in methane seeps reveal basal fungal parasitism in the deep sea", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., feb, 2014. Vol. 5
Abstract: The deep sea is Earth's largest habitat but little is known about the nature of deep-sea parasitism. In contrast to a few characterized cases of bacterial and protistan parasites, the existence and biological significance of deep-sea parasitic fungi is yet to be understood. Here we report the discovery of a fungus-related parasitic microsporidium, Nematocenator marisprofundi n. gen. n. sp. that infects benthic nematodes at methane seeps on the Pacific Ocean floor. This infection is species-specific and has been temporally and spatially stable over 2 years of sampling, indicating an ecologically consistent host-parasite interaction. A high distribution of spores in the reproductive tracts of infected males and females and their absence from host nematodes' intestines suggests a sexual transmission strategy in contrast to the fecal-oral transmission of most microsporidia. N. mansprofundi targets the host's body wall muscles causing cell lysis, and in severe infection even muscle filament degradation. Phylogenetic analyses placed N. marisprofundi in a novel and basal clade not closely related to any described microsporidia clade, suggesting either that microsporidia-nematode parasitism occurred early in microsporidia evolution or that host specialization occurred late in an ancient deep-sea microsporidian lineage. Our findings reveal that methane seeps support complex ecosystems involving interkingdom interactions between bacteria, nematodes, and parasitic fungi and that microsporidia parasitism exists also in the deep-sea biosphere.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331788900001,
  author = {Sapir, Amir and Dillman, Adler R and Connon, Stephanie A and Grupe, Benjamin M and Ingels, Jeroen and Mundo-Ocampo, Manuel and Levin, Lisa A and Baldwin, James G and Orphan, Victoria J and Sternberg, Paul W},
  title = {Microsporidia-nematode associations in methane seeps reveal basal fungal parasitism in the deep sea},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {5},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043}
}
Becker EL, Cordes EE, Macko SA, Lee RW and Fisher CR (2014), "Spatial patterns of tissue stable isotope contents give insight into the nutritional sources for seep communities on the Gulf of Mexico lower slope", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Vol. 498, pp. 133-U481.
Abstract: In this study, we present the first thorough trophic characterization of cold seep macrofaunal communities on the Gulf of Mexico lower continental slope (textgreater 1000 m depth). We analyzed tissue delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta S-34 of vestimentiferan tubeworms, bathymodiolin mussels, vesicomyid clams, and their associated macrofaunal communities from discrete collections made across the entire lower slope. Over half of macrofauna associated with mussels and about half associated with vestimentiferans had delta C-13 values below -45%. We also observed high spatial variability in the delta C-13 values of entire local communities, and the delta C-13 of associated fauna were significantly correlated with the delta C-13 compositions of the symbiotic species from the same location. These data indicate widespread incorporation of methane-derived carbon in mussel and vestimentiferan communities. This finding was particularly surprising in communities associated with older vestimentiferans, given the low rates of seepage observed in similar communities on the upper slope. On average, delta N-13 values in mussels and their associates were significantly more depleted and more variable than vestimentiferans, clams, and their associates, and there was a significant linear relationship between tissue delta N-15 values of mussels and their associated communities. The tissue delta S-34 values in macrofauna associated with vestimentiferans were more variable and significantly more depleted than mussel associates (delta S-34 = -16.8 to + 19.1% for vestimentiferan associates and delta S-34 = -3.1 to + 20.8% for mussel associates), consistent with higher isotopic fractionation during sulfate reduction in vestimentiferan habitats and a potentially higher nutritional contribution of sulfide-derived organic sulfur in vestimentiferan communities.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000332225300011,
  author = {Becker, Erin L and Cordes, Erik E and Macko, Stephen A and Lee, Raymond W and Fisher, Charles R},
  title = {Spatial patterns of tissue stable isotope contents give insight into the nutritional sources for seep communities on the Gulf of Mexico lower slope},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {498},
  pages = {133--U481},
  doi = {10.3354/meps10598}
}
Meyer JL and Huber JA (2014), "Strain-level genomic variation in natural populations of Lebetimonas from an erupting deep-sea volcano", ISME JOURNAL., apr, 2014. Vol. 8(4), pp. 867-880.
Abstract: Chemolithoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria are ubiquitous in sulfidic,
oxygen-poor habitats, including hydrothermal vents, marine oxygen
minimum zones, marine sediments and sulfidic caves and have a
significant role in cycling carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur in
these environments. The isolation of diverse strains of
Epsilonproteobacteria and the sequencing of their genomes have revealed
that this group has the metabolic potential to occupy a wide range of
niches, particularly at dynamic deep-sea hydrothermal vents. We expand
on this body of work by examining the population genomics of six strains
of Lebetimonas, a vent-endemic, thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing
Epsilonproteobacterium, from a single seamount in the Mariana Arc. Using
Lebetimonas as a model for anaerobic, moderately thermophilic organisms
in the warm, anoxic subseafloor environment, we show that genomic
content is highly conserved and that recombination is limited between
closely related strains. The Lebetimonas genomes are shaped by mobile
genetic elements and gene loss as well as the acquisition of novel
functional genes by horizontal gene transfer, which provide the
potential for adaptation and microbial speciation in the deep sea. In
addition, these Lebetimonas genomes contain two operons of nitrogenase
genes with different evolutionary origins. Lebetimonas expressed nifH
during growth with nitrogen gas as the sole nitrogen source, thus
providing the first evidence of nitrogen fixation in any
Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In this study,
we provide a comparative overview of the genomic potential within the
Nautiliaceae as well as among more distantly related hydrothermal vent
Epsilonproteobacteria to broaden our understanding of microbial
adaptation and diversity in the deep sea.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000333189700012,
  author = {Meyer, Julie L and Huber, Julie A},
  title = {Strain-level genomic variation in natural populations of Lebetimonas from an erupting deep-sea volcano},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {867--880},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.206}
}
Reeves EP, McDermott JM and Seewald JS (2014), "The origin of methanethiol in midocean ridge hydrothermal fluids", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA., apr, 2014. Vol. 111(15), pp. 5474-5479.
Abstract: Simple alkyl thiols such as methanethiol (CH3SH) are widely speculated
to form in seafloor hot spring fluids. Putative CH3SH synthesis by
abiotic (nonbiological) reduction of inorganic carbon (CO2 or CO) has
been invoked as an initiation reaction for the emergence of
protometabolism and microbial life in primordial hydrothermal settings.
Thiols are also presumptive ligands for hydrothermal trace metals and
potential fuels for associated microbial communities. In an effort to
constrain sources and sinks of CH3SH in seafloor hydrothermal systems,
we determined for the first time its abundance in diverse hydrothermal
fluids emanating from ultramafic, mafic, and sediment-covered midocean
ridge settings. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of CH3SH is
inconsistent with meta-stable equilibrium with inorganic carbon,
indicating that production by abiotic carbon reduction is more limited
than previously proposed. CH3SH concentrations are uniformly low
(similar to 10(-8) M) in high-temperature fluids (textgreater200 degrees C) from
all unsedimented systems and, in many cases, suggestive of meta-stable
equilibrium with CH4 instead. Associated low-temperature fluids (textless200
degrees C) formed by admixing of seawater, however, are invariably
enriched in CH3SH (up to similar to 10-6 M) along with NH4+ and
low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons relative to high-temperature source
fluids, resembling our observations from a sediment-hosted system. This
strongly implicates thermogenic interactions between upwelling fluids
and microbial biomass or associated dissolved organic matter during
subsurface mixing in crustal aquifers. Widespread thermal degradation of
subsurface organic matter may be an important source of organic
production in unsedimented hydrothermal systems and may influence
microbial metabolic strategies in cooler near-sea-floor and plume
habitats.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000334288600024,
  author = {Reeves, Eoghan P and McDermott, Jill M and Seewald, Jeffrey S},
  title = {The origin of methanethiol in midocean ridge hydrothermal fluids},
  journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {111},
  number = {15},
  pages = {5474--5479},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1400643111}
}
Lorenson TD, Wong FL, Dartnell P and Sliter RW (2014), "Greenhouse gases generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of natural offshore asphalt seepages in southern California", GEO-MARINE LETTERS., jun, 2014. Vol. 34(2-3), pp. 281-295.
Abstract: Significant offshore asphaltic deposits with active seepage occur in the
Santa Barbara Channel offshore southern California. The composition and
isotopic signatures of gases sampled from the oil and gas seeps reveal
that the coexisting oil in the shallow subsurface is anaerobically
biodegraded, generating CO2 with secondary CH4 production.
Biomineralization can result in the consumption of as much as 60% by
weight of the original oil, with C-13 enrichment of CO2. Analyses of gas
emitted from asphaltic accumulations or seeps on the seafloor indicate
up to 11% CO2 with C-13 enrichment reaching +24.8aEuro degrees. Methane
concentrations range from less than 30% up to 98% with isotopic
compositions of -34.9 to -66.1aEuro degrees. Higher molecular weight
hydrocarbon gases are present in strongly varying concentrations
reflecting both oil-associated gas and biodegradation; propane is
preferentially biodegraded, resulting in an enriched C-13 isotopic
composition as enriched as -19.5aEuro degrees. Assuming the 132 million
barrels of asphaltic residues on the seafloor represent similar to 40%
of the original oil volume and mass, the estimated gas generated is
5.0x10(10) kg (similar to 76x10(9) m(3)) CH4 and/or 1.4x10(11) kg CO2
over the lifetime of seepage needed to produce the volume of these
deposits. Geologic relationships and oil weathering inferences suggest
the deposits are of early Holocene age or even younger. Assuming an age
of similar to 1,000 years, annual fluxes are on the order of 5.0x10(7)
kg (similar to 76x10(6) m(3)) and/or 1.4x10(8) kg for CH4 and CO2,
respectively. The daily volumetric emission rate (2.1x10(5) m(3)) is
comparable to current CH4 emission from Coal Oil Point seeps (1.5x10(5)
m(3)/day), and may be a significant source of both CH4 and CO2 to the
atmosphere provided that the gas can be transported through the water
column.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000336392800014,
  author = {Lorenson, Thomas D and Wong, Florence L and Dartnell, Peter and Sliter, Ray W},
  title = {Greenhouse gases generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of natural offshore asphalt seepages in southern California},
  journal = {GEO-MARINE LETTERS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {281--295},
  doi = {10.1007/s00367-014-0359-1}
}
Winkel M, de Beer D, Lavik G, Peplies J and Mussmann MI (2014), "Close association of active nitrifiers with Beggiatoa mats covering deep-sea hydrothermal sediments", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., jun, 2014. Vol. 16(6, SI), pp. 1612-1626.
Abstract: Hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas Basin are covered by microbial
mats that are dominated by nitrate-respiring and sulphide-oxidizing
Beggiatoa. The presence of these mats strongly correlates with sulphide-
and ammonium-rich fluids venting from the subsurface. Because ammonium
and oxygen form opposed gradients at the sediment surface, we
hypothesized that nitrification is an active process in these Beggiatoa
mats. Using biogeochemical and molecular methods, we measured
nitrification and determined the diversity and abundance of nitrifiers.
Nitrification rates ranged from 74 to 605molNl-1matday-1, which exceeded
those previously measured in hydrothermal plumes and other deep-sea
habitats. Diversity and abundance analyses of archaeal and bacterial
ammonia monooxygenase subunit A genes, archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA
pyrotags and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that ammonia-
and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms were associated with Beggiatoa
mats. Intriguingly, we observed cells of bacterial and potential
thaumarchaeotal ammonia oxidizers attached to narrow, Beggiatoa-like
filaments. Such a close spatial coupling of nitrification and nitrate
respiration in mats of large sulphur bacteria is novel and may
facilitate mat-internal cycling of nitrogen, thereby reducing loss of
bioavailable nitrogen in deep-sea sediments.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000337512000014,
  author = {Winkel, Matthias and de Beer, Dirk and Lavik, Gaute and Peplies, Joerg and Mussmann, Marc I},
  title = {Close association of active nitrifiers with Beggiatoa mats covering deep-sea hydrothermal sediments},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6, SI},
  pages = {1612--1626},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12316}
}
Cowart DA, Halanych KM, Schaeffer SW and Fisher CR (2014), "Depth-dependent gene flow in Gulf of Mexico cold seep Lamellibrachia tubeworms (Annelida, Siboglinidae)", HYDROBIOLOGIA., sep, 2014. Vol. 736(1), pp. 139-154.
Abstract: Lamellibrachia vestimentiferan tubeworms form aggregations at hydrocarbon cold seeps in the deep Gulf of Mexico (GoM), creating structures that provide living space for other fauna. In the GoM, three Lamellibrachia taxa vary in morphology and depth ranges: Lamellibrachia luymesi (300-950 m), Lamellibrachia sp. 1 (950-2,604 m), and Lamellibrachia sp. 2 (1,175-3,304 m). While Lamellibrachia sp. 2 is consistently identified as a separate species, L. luymesi and sp. 1 cannot be discriminated using barcoding markers cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and large ribosomal subunit rDNA (16S). To determine if limited gene flow was a factor in the formation of these taxa, we employed more quickly evolving markers, including mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB), hemoglobin subunit B2 intron (HbB2i), and six polymorphic microsatellites; microsatellites were amplified across 45 L. luymesi and sp. 1 individuals. Additionally, we used microsatellites to ask whether populations of Lamellibrachia sp. 1 and sp. 2 show evidence of significant structure. Despite a lack of resolution seen with CYTB and HbB2i, L. luymesi and sp. 1 form genetically differentiated clusters at the cross-amplified microsatellites. Furthermore, we find no evidence for population structure for either Lamellibrachia sp. 1 or sp. 2 across the GoM.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000338027700011,
  author = {Cowart, Dominique A and Halanych, Kenneth M and Schaeffer, Stephen W and Fisher, Charles R},
  title = {Depth-dependent gene flow in Gulf of Mexico cold seep Lamellibrachia tubeworms (Annelida, Siboglinidae)},
  journal = {HYDROBIOLOGIA},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {736},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--154},
  doi = {10.1007/s10750-014-1900-y}
}
Georgian SE, Shedd W and Cordes EE (2014), "High-resolution ecological niche modelling of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Vol. 506, pp. 145-U454.
Abstract: The niche of many deep-sea species remains poorly resolved despite decades of seafloor exploration. Without better information on the distribution and habitat preference of key species, a complete understanding of the ecology of deep-sea communities will remain unattainable. It is increasingly apparent that cold-water corals are among the dominant foundation species in the deep sea, providing both structurally complex habitat and significant ecosystem services. In this study, the niche and distribution of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico was evaluated using the maximum entropy (Maxent) approach. Ecological niche models were constructed for a broad region of the northern Gulf of Mexico using data gridded at a spatial resolution of 25 m, including bathymetry, substrate type, export productivity, and aragonite saturation state at depth. Fine-scale models were constructed at a resolution of 5 m using only remotely sensed bathymetric and surface reflectivity data. The broad-scale model performed well, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.981. All fine-scale models performed well when verified using training data (average AUC of 0.963) and when validated using independent occurrence data from a new geographic region (average AUC of 0.937). The distribution of L. pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico was found to be controlled primarily by depth, local topography, and availability of hard substrate. While these factors have long been associated with the success of cold-water corals, their relative importance has never been quantified in the Gulf of Mexico, making it historically difficult to precisely delineate L. pertusa's niche and predict its distribution in unexplored regions. Given these results, we suggest that future expeditions combine remotely sensed data with niche modelling techniques to increase the efficiency of deep-sea exploration.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000338120000010,
  author = {Georgian, Samuel E and Shedd, William and Cordes, Erik E},
  title = {High-resolution ecological niche modelling of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {506},
  pages = {145--U454},
  doi = {10.3354/meps10816}
}
Vetriani C, Voordeckers JW, Crespo-Medina M, O'Brien CE, Giovannelli D and Lutz RA (2014), "Deep-sea hydrothermal vent Epsilonproteobacteria encode a conserved and widespread nitrate reduction pathway (Nap)", ISME JOURNAL., jul, 2014. Vol. 8(7), pp. 1510-1521.
Abstract: Despite the frequent isolation of nitrate-respiring
Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, the genes coding
for the nitrate reduction pathway in these organisms have not been
investigated in depth. In this study we have shown that the gene cluster
coding for the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex (nap) is highly
conserved in chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-reducing
Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Furthermore, we
have shown that the napA gene is expressed in pure cultures of vent
Epsilonproteobacteria and it is highly conserved in microbial
communities collected from deep-sea vents characterized by different
temperature and redox regimes. The diversity of nitrate-reducing
Epsilonproteobacteria was found to be higher in moderate temperature,
diffuse flow vents than in high temperature black smokers or in low
temperatures, substrate-associated communities. As NapA has a high
affinity for nitrate compared with the membrane-bound enzyme, its
occurrence in vent Epsilonproteobacteria may represent an adaptation of
these organisms to the low nitrate concentrations typically found in
vent fluids. Taken together, our findings indicate that nitrate
reduction is widespread in vent Epsilonproteobacteria and provide
insight on alternative energy metabolism in vent microorganisms. The
occurrence of the nap cluster in vent, commensal and pathogenic
Epsilonproteobacteria suggests that the ability of these bacteria to
respire nitrate is important in habitats as different as the deep-sea
vents and the human body.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000338213900015,
  author = {Vetriani, Costantino and Voordeckers, James W and Crespo-Medina, Melitza and O'Brien, Charles E and Giovannelli, Donato and Lutz, Richard A},
  title = {Deep-sea hydrothermal vent Epsilonproteobacteria encode a conserved and widespread nitrate reduction pathway (Nap)},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {8},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1510--1521},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.246}
}
Toomey DR, Allen RM, Barclay AH, Bell SW, Bromirski PD, Carlson RL, Chen X, Collins JA, Dziak RP, Evers B, Forsyth DW, Gerstoft P, Hooft EEE, Livelybrooks D, Lodewyk JA, Luther DS, McGuire JJ, Schwartz SY, Tolstoy M, Trehu AM, Weirathmueller M and Wilcock WSD (2014), "THE CASCADIA INITIATIVE A Sea Change In Seismological Studies of Subduction Zones", OCEANOGRAPHY., jun, 2014. Vol. 27(2, SI), pp. 138-150.
Abstract: Increasing public awareness that the Cascadia subduction zone in the
Pacific Northwest is capable of great earthquakes (magnitude 9 and
greater) motivates the Cascadia Initiative, an ambitious
onshore/offshore seismic and geodetic experiment that takes advantage of
an amphibious array to study questions ranging from megathrust
earthquakes, to volcanic arc structure, to the formation, deformation
and hydration of the Juan De Fuca and Gorda Plates. Here, we provide an
overview of the Cascadia Initiative, including its primary science
objectives, its experimental design and implementation, and a preview of
how the resulting data are being used by a diverse and growing
scientific community. The Cascadia Initiative also exemplifies how new
technology and community-based experiments are opening up frontiers for
marine science. The new technology shielded ocean bottom seismometers is
allowing more routine investigation of the source zone of megathrust
earthquakes, which almost exclusively lies offshore and in shallow
water. The Cascadia Initiative offers opportunities and accompanying
challenges to a rapidly expanding community of those who use ocean
bottom seismic data.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000338758400018,
  author = {Toomey, Douglas R and Allen, Richard M and Barclay, Andrew H and Bell, Samuel W and Bromirski, Peter D and Carlson, Richard L and Chen, Xiaowei and Collins, John A and Dziak, Robert P and Evers, Brent and Forsyth, Donald W and Gerstoft, Peter and Hooft, Emilie E E and Livelybrooks, Dean and Lodewyk, Jessica A and Luther, Douglas S and McGuire, Jeffrey J and Schwartz, Susan Y and Tolstoy, Maya and Trehu, Anne M and Weirathmueller, Michelle and Wilcock, William S D},
  title = {THE CASCADIA INITIATIVE A Sea Change In Seismological Studies of Subduction Zones},
  journal = {OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2, SI},
  pages = {138--150}
}
Eichinger I, Schmitz-Esser S, Schmid M, Fisher CR and Bright M (2014), "Symbiont-driven sulfur crystal formation in a thiotrophic symbiosis from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., aug, 2014. Vol. 6(4, SI), pp. 364-372.
Abstract: The siboglinid tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum symbiosis inhabits
sulfidic sediments at deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico.
A single symbiont phylotype in the symbiont-housing organ is inferred
from phylogenetic analyses of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S
rRNA) gene and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The phylotype we
studied here, and a previous study from an arctic hydrocarbon seep
population, reveal identical 16S rRNA symbiont gene sequences. While
sulfide is apparently the energy source for the symbionts (and
ultimately the gutless host), both partners also have to cope with its
toxicity. This study demonstrates abundant large sulfur crystals
restricted to the trophosome area. Based on Raman microspectroscopy and
energy dispersive X-ray analysis, these crystals have the same S8 sulfur
configuration as the recently described small sulfur vesicles formed in
the symbionts. The crystals reside adjacent to the symbionts in the
trophosome. This suggests that their formation is either extra-or
intracellular in symbionts. We propose that formation of these crystals
provides both energy-storage compounds for the symbionts and serves the
symbiosis by removing excess toxic sulfide from host tissues. This
symbiont-mediated sulfide detoxification may have been crucial for the
establishment of thiotrophic symbiosis and continues to remain an
important function of the symbionts.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000339334700007,
  author = {Eichinger, Irmgard and Schmitz-Esser, Stephan and Schmid, Markus and Fisher, Charles R and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Symbiont-driven sulfur crystal formation in a thiotrophic symbiosis from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4, SI},
  pages = {364--372},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12149}
}
Bowles JA, Colman A, McClinton JT, Sinton JM, White SM and Rubin KH (2014), "Eruptive timing and 200 year episodicity at 92 degrees W on the hot spot-influenced Galapagos Spreading Center derived from geomagnetic paleointensity", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., jun, 2014. Vol. 15(6), pp. 2211-2224.
Abstract: Eruptive timing in mid-ocean ridge systems is relatively poorly
constrained, despite being an important variable in our understanding of
many mid-ocean ridge processes, including volcanic construction; magma
recharge, flux, and storage; and the stability of hydrothermal systems
and biological communities. Only a handful of absolute eruption
chronologies exist, yet they are essential in understanding how eruptive
timing varies with important controlling variables. To construct an
eruptive history at one location on the Galapagos Spreading Center, we
present age determinations derived from geomagnetic paleointensity. To
aid interpretation of the paleointensity data, we also present results
from on-bottom magnetic anomaly measurements and forward modeling of
topographic-induced magnetic anomalies. Anomalies may lead to a 1-2 mu T
bias in flow-mean paleointensities, which does not significantly affect
the overall interpretation. Paleointensity results for the three
youngest sampled units are indistinguishable, consistent with the flows
being emplaced in relatively rapid succession. Comparisons with models
of geomagnetic field behavior suggest these flows were erupted sometime
in the past 100-200 years. The fourth sampled unit has a significantly
higher paleointensity, consistent with an age of roughly 400 years. The
possible bias in paleointensity data allows for ages as young as similar
to 50 years for the youngest three flows and 200-400 years for the
oldest flow. This age distribution demonstrates an episodicity in the
emplacement of the largest flows at this location, with a 200-300 year
period of relative quiescence between emplacement of the oldest unit and
the three youngest units.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000340362500008,
  author = {Bowles, Julie A and Colman, Alice and McClinton, J Timothy and Sinton, John M and White, Scott M and Rubin, Kenneth H},
  title = {Eruptive timing and 200 year episodicity at 92 degrees W on the hot spot-influenced Galapagos Spreading Center derived from geomagnetic paleointensity},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2211--2224},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005315}
}
Li J, Zhou H, Fang J, Sun Y and Dasgupta S (2014), "Microbial distribution in different spatial positions within the walls of a black sulfide hydrothermal chimney", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES., aug, 2014. Vol. 508, pp. 67-85.
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys encompass diverse niches for different
microbial communities with steep environmental gradients. An active
sulfide hydrothermal structure was recovered from the Dudley site of the
Main Endeavour Field in the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Subsamples were taken
from different spatial positions within the chimney wall and analyzed
for mineral composition and microbial biomass and community structure to
illustrate the characteristics of microbial distribution and
environmental constraints. Mineral analysis showed that the chimney was
mainly composed of various Fe-, Zn-, and Cu-rich sulfides, with mineral
composition and abundance varying with spatial position. Microbial
populations in the chimney predominantly consisted of archaeal members
affiliated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent Euryarchaeota group,
Thermococcales, and Desulfurococcales, as well as bacterial members of
the Gamma-, Epsilon-, and Deltaproteobacteria. Microbial biomass and
composition shifted dramatically and formed different microbial zones
within the chimney walls, from predominantly mesophilic,
sulfur-oxidizing bacterial communities at the outer surfaces to
thermophilic or hyperthermophilic, archaeal sulfur-reducers in the inner
layers of the chimney. Based on microbial physiological characteristics
and their distribution profiles, we inferred that temperature, fluid
geochemistry, and organic compounds probably play an important role in
selecting for and sustaining microbial communities. Furthermore, in situ
temperature regimes within the chimney walls were roughly estimated
based on the temperatures supporting the growth of the dominant
microbial groups.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000341168300005,
  author = {Li, Jiangtao and Zhou, Huaiyang and Fang, Jiasong and Sun, Yannan and Dasgupta, Shamik},
  title = {Microbial distribution in different spatial positions within the walls of a black sulfide hydrothermal chimney},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {508},
  pages = {67--85},
  doi = {10.3354/meps10841}
}
Ferrera I, Banta AB and Reysenbach A-L (2014), "Spatial patterns of Aquificales in deep-sea vents along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (SW Pacific)", SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY., sep, 2014. Vol. 37(6), pp. 442-448.
Abstract: The microbial diversity associated with actively venting deep-sea
hydrothermal deposits is tightly connected to the geochemistry of the
hydrothermal fluids. Although the dominant members of these deposits
drive the structure of the microbial communities, it is less well
understood whether the lower abundance groups are as closely connected
to the geochemical milieu, or driven perhaps by biotic factors such as
microbial community interactions. We used the natural geochemical
gradients that exist in the back-arc basin, Eastern Lau Spreading Center
and Valu-Fa Ridge (ELSC/VFR) in the Southwestern Pacific, to explore
whether the chemolithotrophic Aquificales are influenced by geographical
location, host-rock of the vent field or deposit type. Using a
combination of cloning, DNA fingerprinting (DGGE) and enrichment
culturing approaches, all genera of this order previously described at
marine vents were detected, i.e., Desulfurobacterium,
Thermovibrio,Aquilex, Hydrogenivirga, Persephonella and
Hydrogenothermus. The comparison between clone libraries and DGGE showed
similar patterns of distribution of different Aquificales whereas
results differed for the enrichment cultures that were retrieved.
However, the use of cultivation-based and -independent methods did
provide complementary phylogenetic diversity overview of the Aquificales
in these systems. Together, this survey revealed that the ELSC/VFR
contains some of the largest diversity of Aquificales ever reported at a
deep-sea vent area, that the diversity patterns are tied to the
geography and geochemistry of the system, and that this geochemical
diverse back-arc basin may harbor new members of the Aquificales. (C)
2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000341616500008,
  author = {Ferrera, Isabel and Banta, Amy B and Reysenbach, Anna-Louise},
  title = {Spatial patterns of Aquificales in deep-sea vents along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (SW Pacific)},
  journal = {SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {37},
  number = {6},
  pages = {442--448},
  doi = {10.1016/j.syapm.2014.04.002}
}
Findlay AJ, Gartman A, MacDonald DJ, Hanson TE, Shaw TJ and Luther III GW (2014), "Distribution and size fractionation of elemental sulfur in aqueous environments: The Chesapeake Bay and Mid-Atlantic Ridge", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA., oct, 2014. Vol. 142, pp. 334-348.
Abstract: Elemental sulfur is an important intermediate of sulfide oxidation and
may be produced via abiotic and biotic pathways. In this study the
concentration and size fractionation of elemental sulfur were measured
in two different sulfidic marine environments: the Chesapeake Bay and
buoyant hydrothermal vent plumes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Nanoparticulate sulfur (textless0.2 mu m) was found to comprise up to 90% of
the total elemental sulfur in anoxic deep waters of the Chesapeake Bay.
These data were compared with previous studies of elemental sulfur, and
represent one of the few reports of nanoparticulate elemental sulfur in
the environment. Additionally, a strain of phototrophic sulfide
oxidizing bacteria isolated from the Chesapeake Bay was shown to produce
elemental sulfur as a product of sulfide oxidation. Elemental sulfur
concentrations are also presented from buoyant hydrothermal vent plumes
located along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the Mid-Atlantic Ridge plume,
S-0 concentrations up to 33 mu M were measured in the first meter of
rising plumes at three different vent sites, and nanoparticulate S-0 was
up to 44% of total elemental sulfur present. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000342622400022,
  author = {Findlay, Alyssa J and Gartman, Amy and MacDonald, Daniel J and Hanson, Thomas E and Shaw, Timothy J and Luther III, George W},
  title = {Distribution and size fractionation of elemental sulfur in aqueous environments: The Chesapeake Bay and Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {142},
  pages = {334--348},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.032}
}
Chadwick J, Keller R, Kamenov G, Yogodzinski G and Lupton J (2014), "The Cobb hot spot: HIMU-DMM mixing and melting controlled by a progressively thinning lithospheric lid", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., aug, 2014. Vol. 15(8), pp. 3107-3122.
Abstract: The Cobb Seamount Chain in the northeast Pacific basin records the
composition of the Cobb hot spot for the past 33 Myr, as the migrating
Juan de Fuca Ridge approached and ultimately overran it ca. 0.5 Myr ago.
In this first comprehensive geochemical study of the Cobb chain, major
and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf isotopic ratios
were measured for whole-rock samples from throughout the chain, and He
isotopes were acquired for olivine phenocrysts from one seamount. Trace
element modeling indicates increased melting along the chain over time,
with progressively more depleted lavas as the ridge approached the hot
spot. The isotopic data reveal the first evidence of the high mu
(mu=U-238/Pb-204) (HIMU) mantle component in the north Pacific basin and
are consistent with a progressively decreasing mixing proportion of HIMU
melts relative to those from depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt mantle
(DMM) in the chain over time. Decreasing lithospheric thickness over the
Cobb hot spot due to the approach of the migrating Juan de Fuca ridge
allowed adiabatic melting to continue to shallower depths, leading to
increased melt fractions of the refractory DMM component in the hot spot
and more depleted and MORB-like lavas in the younger Cobb seamounts.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000342693400001,
  author = {Chadwick, John and Keller, Randall and Kamenov, George and Yogodzinski, Gene and Lupton, John},
  title = {The Cobb hot spot: HIMU-DMM mixing and melting controlled by a progressively thinning lithospheric lid},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {8},
  pages = {3107--3122},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005334}
}
Lin H-T, Cowen JP, Olson EJ, Lilley MD, Jungbluth SP, Wilson ST and Rappe MS (2014), "Dissolved hydrogen and methane in the oceanic basaltic biosphere", EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS., nov, 2014. Vol. 405, pp. 62-73.
Abstract: The oceanic basaltic crust is the largest aquifer on Earth and has the
potential to harbor substantial subsurface microbial ecosystems, which
hitherto remains largely uncharacterized and is analogous to
extraterrestrial subsurface habitats. Within the sediment-buried 3.5 Myr
old basaltic crust of the eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge flank, the
circulating basement fluids have moderate temperature (similar to 65
degrees C) and low to undetectable dissolved oxygen and nitrate
concentrations. Sulfate, present in high concentrations, is therefore
expected to serve as the major electron acceptor in this subsurface
environment. This study focused on the availability and potential
sources of two important electron donors, methane (CH4) and hydrogen
(H-2), for the subseafloor biosphere. High integrity basement fluids
were collected via fluid delivery lines associated with Integrated Ocean
Drilling Program (IODP) Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) that
extend from basement depths to outlet ports at the seafloor. Two new
CORKs installed during IODP 327 in 2010, 1362A and 1362B, were sampled
in 2011 and 2013. The two CORKs are superior than earlier style CORKs in
that they are equipped with coated casing and polytetrafluoroethylene
fluid delivery lines, reducing the interaction between casing materials
with the environment. Additional samples were collected from an earlier
style CORK at Borehole 1301A.
The basement fluids are enriched in H-2 (0.05-1.8 mu mol/kg), suggesting
that the ocean basaltic aquifer can support H-2-driven metabolism. The
basement fluids also contain significant amount of CH4 (5-32 mu mol/kg),
revealing CH4 as an available substrate for subseafloor basaltic
habitats. The delta C-13 values of CH4 from the three boreholes ranged
from -22.5 to -58 parts per thousand, while the delta H-2 values ranged
from 316 to 57 parts per thousand. The isotopic compositions of CH4 and
the molecular compositions of hydrocarbons suggest that CH4 in the
basement fluids is of both biogenic and abiotic origins, varying among
sites and sampling times. The delta H-2 values of CH4 in CORK 1301A
fluid samples are much more positive than found in all other marine
environments investigated to date and are best explained by the partial
microbial oxidation of biogenic CH4. In conclusion, our study shows that
CH4 and H-2 are persistently available to fuel the deep biosphere and
that CH4 is both produced and potentially consumed by microorganisms in
the oceanic basement. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000343625500006,
  author = {Lin, Huei-Ting and Cowen, James P and Olson, Eric J and Lilley, Marvin D and Jungbluth, Sean P and Wilson, Samuel T and Rappe, Michael S},
  title = {Dissolved hydrogen and methane in the oceanic basaltic biosphere},
  journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {405},
  pages = {62--73},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.037}
}
Voight JR (2014), "Molluscan species diversity at North Pacific hydrothermal vents: What we know and what it may mean", AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN., sep, 2014. Vol. 32(2), pp. 267-277.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents in the deep sea are harsh, temporally unpredictable habitats with what appears to be a distinct fauna. Decades of subsea research with crewed and remote vehicles have generated a list of known species; is the species list complete? Evidence derived from mollusks sampled at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR), and Gorda and Juan de Fuca ridges suggests that the answer is yes. A 2006 compilation of hydrothermal vent species based on decades of research is updated and compared to specimens from these three active ridges in collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) that resulted from limited collecting activity. Only three dives at each of the two Gorda Ridge vents collected all named species; 90% of the 20 species known from Juan de Fuca Ridge were collected in nine cruises. At the EPR, only 81% of the 43 known species were collected, but differences among the ridges were not significant. The limited FMNH collections increased the known ranges of six species from Juan de Fuca to Gorda Ridge and of nine species on the EPR. In addition, the EPR appears to host more rare species, potentially due to the frequent temporal changes at these vents. Mollusks currently known from each ridge, with their expanded ranges, are listed; the implications of these results for recent discoveries of slow-spreading vent fields are discussed.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000343852900015,
  author = {Voight, Janet R},
  title = {Molluscan species diversity at North Pacific hydrothermal vents: What we know and what it may mean},
  journal = {AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--277}
}
Bourbonnais A, Juniper SK, Butterfield DA, Anderson RE and Lehmann MF (2014), "Diversity and abundance of Bacteria and nirS-encoding denitrifiers associated with the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal system", ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY., dec, 2014. Vol. 64(4), pp. 1691-1705.
Abstract: Denitrification, which results in the loss of bioavailable nitrogen-an essential macronutrient for all living organisms-may potentially affect chemosynthetic primary production in hydrothermal vent ecosystems where sub-oxic conditions favorable to denitrification are common. Here we describe the diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface biosphere at Axial Volcano and the Endeavour Segment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU or 16S rRNA) pyrotag and nitrite reductase (nirS) clone library sequencing methods. Bacterial communities were diverse and dominated by members of the epsilon- and gamma-proteobacteria, including taxonomic groups containing known denitrifiers. Assemblages of denitrifiers that could be evaluated by nirS gene sequence comparisons showed low diversity. The single nirS sequence shared by the two locations, affiliated with a gamma-proteobacteria isolated from estuarine sediments (Pseudomonas sp. BA2), represented more than half of all sequences recovered when clustered at 97 % identity. All other nirS sequences clustered into different taxonomic groups, indicating important differences in denitrifier community membership between the two sites. Total nirS gene abundance was at least two orders of magnitude lower than 16S rRNA abundance. Overall, our results demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the nirS gene-containing bacterial community are rather low, as might be expected under the extreme conditions encountered in the subsurface biosphere of hydrothermal vent systems, and do not correlate clearly with any environmental variables investigated (i.e., pH, temperature, and H2S, NO3-, NH4+ concentrations).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345292900023,
  author = {Bourbonnais, Annie and Juniper, S Kim and Butterfield, David A and Anderson, Rika E and Lehmann, Moritz F},
  title = {Diversity and abundance of Bacteria and nirS-encoding denitrifiers associated with the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal system},
  journal = {ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1691--1705},
  doi = {10.1007/s13213-014-0813-3}
}
de Ronde CEJ, Walker SL, Ditchburn RG, Tontini FC, Hannington MD, Merle SG, Timm C, Handler MR, Wysoczanski RJ, Dekov VM, Kamenov GD, Baker ET, Embley RW, Lupton JE and Stoffers P (2014), "The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand", ECONOMIC GEOLOGY., dec, 2014. Vol. 109(8), pp. 2261-2292.
Abstract: Clark volcano of the Kermadec arc, northeast of New Zealand, is a large stratovolcano comprised of two coalescing volcanic cones; an apparently younger, more coherent, twin-peaked edifice to the northwest and a relatively older, more degraded and tectonized cone to the southeast. High-resolution water column surveys show an active hydrothermal system at the summit of the NW cone largely along a ridge spur connecting the two peaks, with activity also noted at the head of scarps related to sector collapse. Clark is the only known cone volcano along the Kermadec arc to host sulfide mineralization. Volcano-scale gravity and magnetic surveys over Clark show that it is highly magnetized, and that a strong gravity gradient exists between the two edifices. Modeling suggests that a crustal-scale fault lies between these two edifices, with thinner crust beneath the NW cone. Locations of regional earthquake epicenters show a southwest-northeast trend bisecting the two Clark cones, striking northeastward into Tangaroa volcano. Detailed mapping of magnetics above the NW cone summit shows a highly magnetized ring structure 350 m below the summit that is not apparent in the bathymetry; we believe this structure represents the top of a caldera. Oblate zones of low (weak) magnetization caused by hydrothermal fluid upflow, here termed burn holes, form a pattern in the regional magnetization resembling Swiss cheese. Presumably older burn holes occupy the inner margin of the ring structure and show no signs of hydrothermal activity, while younger burn holes are coincident with active venting on the summit. A combination of mineralogy, geochemistry, and seafloor mapping of the NW cone shows that hydrothermal activity today is largely manifest by widespread diffuse venting, with temperatures ranging between 56 degrees and 106 degrees C. Numerous, small (textless= 30 cm high) chimneys populate the summit area, with one site host to the similar to 7-m-tall ``Twin Towers'' chimneys with maximum vent fluid temperatures of 221 degrees C (pH 4.9), consistent with delta S-34(anhydrite-pyrite) values indicating formation temperatures of similar to 228 degrees to 249 degrees C. Mineralization is dominated by pyrite-marcasite-barite-anhydrite. Radiometric dating using the Ra-228/Ra-226 and Ra-226/Ba methods shows active chimneys to be textless20 with most textless2 years old. However, the chimneys at Clark show evidence for mixing with, and remobilizing of, barite as old as 19,000 years. This is consistent with Nd and Sr isotope compositions of Clark chimney and sulfate crust samples that indicate mixing of similar to 40% seawater with a vent fluid derived from low K lavas. Similarly, REE data show the hydrothermal fluids have interacted with a plagioclase-rich source rock. A holistic approach to the study of the Clark hydrothermal system has revealed a two-stage process whereby a caldera-forming volcanic event preceded a later cone-building event. This ensured a protracted (at least 20 ka yrs) history of hydrothermal activity and associated mineral deposition. If we assume at least 200-m-high walls for the postulated (buried) caldera, then hydrothermal fluids would have exited the seafloor 20 ka years ago at least 550 m deeper than they do today, with fluid discharge temperatures potentially much hotter (similar to 350 degrees C). Subsequent to caldera infilling, relatively porous volcaniclastic and other units making up the cone acted as largescale filters, enabling ascending hydrothermal fluids to boil and mix with seawater subseafloor, effectively removing the metals (including remobilized Cu) in solution before they reached the seafloor. This has implications for estimates for the metal inventory of seafloor hydrothermal systems pertaining to arc hydrothermal systems.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345545100011,
  author = {de Ronde, C E J and Walker, S L and Ditchburn, R G and Tontini, F Caratori and Hannington, M D and Merle, S G and Timm, C and Handler, M R and Wysoczanski, R J and Dekov, V M and Kamenov, G D and Baker, E T and Embley, R W and Lupton, J E and Stoffers, P},
  title = {The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand},
  journal = {ECONOMIC GEOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {109},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2261--2292}
}
Pjevac P, Kamyshny Jr. A, Dyksma S and Mussmann M (2014), "Microbial consumption of zero-valence sulfur in marine benthic habitats", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., nov, 2014. Vol. 16(11, SI), pp. 3416-3430.
Abstract: Zero-valence sulfur (S-0) is a central intermediate in the marine sulfur
cycle and forms conspicuous accumulations at sediment surfaces,
hydrothermal vents and in oxygen minimum zones. Diverse microorganisms
can utilize S-0, but those consuming S-0 in the environment are largely
unknown. We identified possible key players in S-0 turnover on native or
introduced S-0 in benthic coastal and deep-sea habitats using the 16S
ribosomal RNA approach, (in situ) growth experiments and activity
measurements. In all habitats, the epsilonproteobacterial
Sulfurimonas/Sulfurovum group accounted for a substantial fraction of
the microbial community. Deltaproteobacterial Desulfobulbaceae and
Desulfuromonadales were also frequently detected, indicating S-0
disproportionation and S-0 respiration under anoxic conditions. Sulfate
production from S-0 particles colonized in situ with
Sulfurimonas/Sulfurovum suggested that this group oxidized S-0. We also
show that the type strain Sulfurimonas denitrificans is able to access
cyclooctasulfur (S-8), a metabolic feature not yet demonstrated for
sulfur oxidizers. The ability to oxidize S-0, in particular S-8, likely
facilitates niche partitioning among sulfur oxidizers in habitats with
intense microbial sulfur cycling such as sulfidic sediment surfaces. Our
results underscore the previously overlooked but central role of
Sulfurimonas/Sulfurovum group for conversion of free S-0 at the seafloor
surface.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345631900005,
  author = {Pjevac, Petra and Kamyshny Jr., Alexey and Dyksma, Stefan and Mussmann, Marc},
  title = {Microbial consumption of zero-valence sulfur in marine benthic habitats},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {16},
  number = {11, SI},
  pages = {3416--3430},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12410}
}
Beinart RA, Nyholm SV, Dubilier N and Girguis PR (2014), "Intracellular Oceanospirillales inhabit the gills of the hydrothermal vent snail Alviniconcha with chemosynthetic, gamma-Proteobacterial symbionts", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., dec, 2014. Vol. 6(6), pp. 656-664.
Abstract: Associations between bacteria from the -Proteobacterial order
Oceanospirillales and marine invertebrates are quite common. Members of
the Oceanospirillales exhibit a diversity of interactions with their
various hosts, ranging from the catabolism of complex compounds that
benefit host growth to attacking and bursting host nuclei. Here, we
describe the association between a novel Oceanospirillales phylotype and
the hydrothermal vent snail Alviniconcha. Alviniconcha typically harbour
chemoautotrophic - or epsilon-Proteobacterial symbionts inside their
gill cells. Via fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission
electron microscopy, we observed an Oceanospirillales phylotype (named
AOP for AlviniconchaOceanospirillales phylotype') in membrane-bound
vacuoles that were separate from the known - or epsilon-Proteobacterial
symbionts. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we surveyed 181
Alviniconcha hosting -Proteobacterial symbionts and 102 hosting
epsilon-Proteobacterial symbionts, and found that the population size of
AOP was always minor relative to the canonical symbionts (median 0.53%
of the total quantified 16S rRNA genes). Additionally, we detected AOP
more frequently in Alviniconcha hosting -Proteobacterial symbionts than
in those hosting epsilon-Proteobacterial symbionts (96% and 5% of
individuals respectively). The high incidence of AOP in -Proteobacteria
hosting Alviniconcha implies that it could play a significant ecological
role either as a host parasite or as an additional symbiont with unknown
physiological capacities.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345702700014,
  author = {Beinart, R A and Nyholm, S V and Dubilier, N and Girguis, P R},
  title = {Intracellular Oceanospirillales inhabit the gills of the hydrothermal vent snail Alviniconcha with chemosynthetic, gamma-Proteobacterial symbionts},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {656--664},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12183}
}
Smith CR, Bernardino AF, Baco A, Hannides A and Altamira I (2014), "Seven-year enrichment: macrofaunal succession in deep-sea sediments around a 30 tonne whale fall in the Northeast Pacific", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Vol. 515, pp. 133-149.
Abstract: Whale falls cause massive organic and sulfide enrichment of underlying
sediments, yielding energy-rich conditions in oligotrophic deep-sea
ecosystems. While the fauna colonizing whale skeletons has received
substantial study, sediment macrofaunal community response to the
geochemical impacts of deep-sea whale falls remains poorly evaluated. We
present a 7 yr case study of geochemical impacts, macrofaunal community
succession, and chemoautotrophic community persistence in sediments
around a 30 t gray-whale carcass implanted at 1675 m in the
well-oxygenated Santa Cruz Basin on the California margin. The whale
fall yielded intense, patchy organic-carbon enrichment (textgreater15% organic
carbon) and pore-water sulfide enhancement (textgreater5 mM) in nearby sediments
for 6 to 7 yr, supporting a dense assemblage of enrichment opportunists
and chemosymbiotic vesicomyid clams. Faunal succession in the whale-fall
sediments resembled the scavenger-opportunist-sulfophile sequence
previously described for epifaunal communities on sunken whale
skeletons. The intense response of enrichment opportunists functionally
resembles responses to organic loading in shallow-water ecosystems, such
as at sewer outfalls and fish farms. Of 100 macrofaunal species in the
whale-fall sediments, 10 abundant species were unique to whale falls; 6
species were shared with cold seeps, 5 with hydrothermal vents, and 12
with nearby kelp and wood falls. Thus, whale-fall sediments may provide
dispersal stepping stones for some generalized reducing-habitat species
but also support distinct macrofaunal assemblages and contribute
significantly to beta diversity in deep-sea ecosystems.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345703500011,
  author = {Smith, Craig R and Bernardino, Angelo F and Baco, Amy and Hannides, Angelos and Altamira, Iris},
  title = {Seven-year enrichment: macrofaunal succession in deep-sea sediments around a 30 tonne whale fall in the Northeast Pacific},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {515},
  pages = {133--149},
  doi = {10.3354/meps10955}
}
Breier JA, Sheik CS, Gomez-Ibanez D, Sayre-McCord RT, Sanger R, Rauch C, Coleman M, Bennett SA, Cron BR, Li M, German CR, Toner BM and Dick GJ (2014), "A large volume particulate and water multi-sampler with in situ preservation for microbial and biogeochemical studies", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS., dec, 2014. Vol. 94, pp. 195-206.
Abstract: A new tool was developed for large volume sampling to facilitate marine
microbiology and biogeochemical studies. It was developed for remotely
operated vehicle and hydrocast deployments, and allows for rapid
collection of multiple sample types from the water column and dynamic,
variable environments such as rising hydrothermal plumes. It was used
successfully during a cruise to the hydrothermal vent systems of the
Mid-Cayman Rise. The Suspended Particulate Rosette V2 large volume
multi-sampling system allows for the collection of 14 sample sets per
deployment. Each sample set can include filtered material, whole
(unfiltered) water, and filtrate. Suspended particulate can be collected
on filters up to 142 mm in diameter and pore sizes down to 0.2 mu m.
Filtration is typically at flowrates of 2 L min(-1) For particulate
material, filtered volume is constrained only by sampling time and
filter capacity, with all sample volumes recorded by digital flowmeter.
The suspended particulate filter holders can be filled with preservative
and sealed immediately after sample collection. Up to 2 L of whole
water, filtrate, or a combination of the two, can be collected as part
of each sample set. The system is constructed of plastics with titanium
fasteners and nickel alloy spring loaded seals. There are no ferrous
alloys in the sampling system. Individual sample lines are prefilled
with filtered, deionized water prior to deployment and remain sealed
unless a sample is actively being collected. This system is intended to
facilitate studies concerning the relationship between marine
microbiology and ocean biogeochemistry. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000345820100015,
  author = {Breier, J A and Sheik, C S and Gomez-Ibanez, D and Sayre-McCord, R T and Sanger, R and Rauch, C and Coleman, M and Bennett, S A and Cron, B R and Li, M and German, C R and Toner, B M and Dick, G J},
  title = {A large volume particulate and water multi-sampler with in situ preservation for microbial and biogeochemical studies},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {195--206},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2014.08.008}
}
Horst AJ, Varga RJ, Gee JS and Karson JA (2014), "Diverse magma flow directions during construction of sheeted dike complexes at fast- to superfast-spreading centers", EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS., dec, 2014. Vol. 408, pp. 119-131.
Abstract: Dike intrusion is a fundamental process during upper oceanic crustal accretion at fast- to superfast-spreading ridges. Based on the distribution of magma along fast-spreading centers inferred from marine geophysical data, models predict systematic steep flow at magmatically robust segment centers and shallow magma flow toward distal segment ends. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics from 48 fully-oriented block samples of dikes from upper oceanic crust exposed at Hess Deep Rift and Pito Deep Rift reveal a wide range of magma flow directions that are not consistent with such simple magma supply models. The AMS is interpreted to arise from distribution anisotropy of titanomagnetite crystals based on weak shape-preferred orientation of opaque oxide and plagioclase crystals generally parallel to AMS maximum eigenvectors. Most dike samples show normal AMS fabrics with maximum eigenvector directions ranging from subvertical to subhorizontal. The distributions of inferred magma flow lineations from maximum eigenvectors show no preferred flow pattern, even after structural correction. We use a Kolmogorov Smirnov test (KS-test) to show that the distribution of bootstrapped flow lineation rakes from Pito Deep are not statistically distinct from Hess Deep, and neither are distinguishable from Oman and Troodos Ophiolite AMS data. Magma flow directions in sheeted dikes from these two seafloor escarpments also do not correlate with available geochemistry in any systematic way as previously predicted. These results indicate distinct compositional sources feed melt that is injected into dikes at fast- to superfast-spreading ridges with no preference for subhorizontal or subvertical magma flow. Collectively, results imply ephemeral melt lenses at different along-axis locations within the continuous axial magma chamber and either direct injection or intermingling of melt from other deeper ridge-centered or off-axis sources. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000346944000013,
  author = {Horst, A J and Varga, R J and Gee, J S and Karson, J A},
  title = {Diverse magma flow directions during construction of sheeted dike complexes at fast- to superfast-spreading centers},
  journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {408},
  pages = {119--131},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.022}
}
Chadwick Jr. WW, Merle SG, Buck NJ, Lavelle JW, Resing JA and Ferrini V (2014), "Imaging of CO2 bubble plumes above an erupting submarine volcano, NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., nov, 2014. Vol. 15(11), pp. 4325-4342.
Abstract: NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located
similar to 100 km north of Guam. Underwater explosive eruptions driven
by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued until
at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations
documented continuous but variable eruptive activity at multiple vents
at similar to 560 m depth. Some vents released CO2 bubbles passively and
continuously, while others released CO2 during stronger but intermittent
explosive bursts. Plumes of CO2 bubbles in the water column over the
volcano were imaged by an EM122 (12 kHz) multibeam sonar system.
Throughout the 2010 expedition numerous passes were made over the
eruptive vents with the ship to document the temporal variability of the
bubble plumes and relate them to the eruptive activity on the seafloor,
as recorded by an in situ hydrophone and visual observations. Analysis
of the EM122 midwater data set shows: (1) bubble plumes were present on
every pass over the summit and they rose 200-400 m above the vents but
dissolved before they reached the ocean surface, (2) bubble plume
deflection direction and distance correlate well with ocean current
direction and velocity determined from the ship's acoustic doppler
current profiler, (3) bubble plume heights and volumes were variable
over time and correlate with eruptive intensity as measured by the in
situ hydrophone. This study shows that midwater multibeam sonar data can
be used to characterize the level of eruptive activity and its temporal
variability at a shallow submarine volcano with robust CO2 output.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000348060800012,
  author = {Chadwick Jr., William W and Merle, Susan G and Buck, Nathaniel J and Lavelle, J William and Resing, Joseph A and Ferrini, Vicki},
  title = {Imaging of CO2 bubble plumes above an erupting submarine volcano, NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {11},
  pages = {4325--4342},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005543}
}
Wentrup C, Wendeberg A, Schimak M, Borowski C and Dubilier N (2014), "Forever competent: deep-sea bivalves are colonized by their chemosynthetic symbionts throughout their lifetime", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., dec, 2014. Vol. 16(12, SI), pp. 3699-3713.
Abstract: Symbiotic bivalves at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps host
chemosynthetic bacteria intracellularly in gill cells. In bivalves, the
gills grow continuously throughout their lifetime by forming new
filaments. We examined how newly developed gill tissues are colonized in
bivalves with horizontal and vertical symbiont transmission
(Bathymodiolus mussels versus a vesicoymid clam) using fluorescence in
situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. Symbiont
colonization was similar in mussels and clams and was independent of the
transmission modes. Symbionts were absent in the growth zones of the
gills, indicating that symbionts colonize newly formed gill filaments de
novo after they are formed and that gill colonization is a continuous
process throughout the host's lifetime. Symbiont abundance and
distribution suggested that colonization is shaped by the developmental
stage of host cells. Self-infection, in which new gill cells are
colonized by symbionts from ontogenetically older gill tissues, may also
play a role. In mussels, symbiont infection led to changes in gill cell
structure similar to those described from other epithelial cells
infected by intracellular pathogens, such as the loss of microvilli. A
better understanding of the factors that affect symbiont colonization of
bivalve gills could provide new insights into interactions between
intracellular bacteria and epithelial tissues.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000348463100008,
  author = {Wentrup, Cecilia and Wendeberg, Annelie and Schimak, Mario and Borowski, Christian and Dubilier, Nicole},
  title = {Forever competent: deep-sea bivalves are colonized by their chemosynthetic symbionts throughout their lifetime},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {16},
  number = {12, SI},
  pages = {3699--3713},
  doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12597}
}
Jamieson JW, Clague DA and Hannington MD (2014), "Hydrothermal sulfide accumulation along the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters., jan, 2014. Vol. 395(0), pp. 136-148.
Abstract: Hydrothermal sulfide deposits that form on the seafloor are often located by the detection of hydrothermal plumes in the water column, followed by exploration with deep-towed cameras, side-scan sonar imaging, and finally by visual surveys using remotely-operated vehicle or occupied submersible. Hydrothermal plume detection, however, is ineffective for finding hydrothermally-inactive sulfide deposits, which may represent a significant amount of the total sulfide accumulation on the seafloor, even in hydrothermally active settings. Here, we present results from recent high-resolution, autonomous underwater vehicle-based mapping of the hydrothermally-active Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Analysis of the ridge bathymetry resulted in the location of 581 individual sulfide deposits along 24 km of ridge length. Hydrothermal deposits were distinguished from volcanic and tectonic features based on the characteristics of their surface morphology, such as shape and slope angles. Volume calculations for each deposit results in a total volume of 372,500 m3 of hydrothermal sulfide–sulfate–silica material, for an equivalent mass of ∼1.2 Mt of hydrothermal material on the seafloor within the ridge's axial valley, assuming a density of 3.1 g/cm3. Much of this total volume is from previously undocumented inactive deposits outside the main active vent fields. Based on minimum ages of sulfide deposition, the deposits accumulated at a maximum rate of ∼400 t/yr, with a depositional efficiency (proportion of hydrothermal material that accumulates on the seafloor to the total amount hydrothermally mobilized and transported to the seafloor) of ∼5%. The calculated sulfide tonnage represents a four-fold increase over previous sulfide estimates for the Endeavour Segment that were based largely on accumulations from within the active fields. These results suggest that recent global seafloor sulfide resource estimates, which were based mostly on the sizes and distribution of hydrothermally-active deposits, may be similarly underestimating the amount of sulfide along the global submarine neovolcanic zones.
BibTeX:
@article{Jamieson2014,
  author = {Jamieson, J W and Clague, D A and Hannington, M D},
  title = {Hydrothermal sulfide accumulation along the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {395},
  number = {0},
  pages = {136--148},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14001873},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.035}
}
Kimball JB, Dunbar RB and Guilderson TP (2014), "Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in calcitic deep-sea corals: Implications for paleotemperature reconstruction", Chemical Geology. Vol. 381(0), pp. 223-233.
Abstract: Inhabiting areas of the ocean where paleoenvironmental records are sparse, deep-sea corals represent valuable yet largely untapped Holocene records of intermediate and deep ocean variability. δ18O and δ13C were analyzed in nine live-collected deep-sea gorgonian corals (Isididae and Coralliidae) in order to further develop the “lines” paleotemperature method. Least squares linear regression analysis for full lifespan δ18O vs. δ13C (corrected for δ18Owater and δ13CDIC) was utilized to yield equations of the form y = mx + b. δ18O and intercept values were found to be a function of temperature, and to approximate calcite δ18O equilibrium. The corals in this study extend the previously reported calibration (Hill et al., 2011) over a broader range of temperatures from 5 °C to 11.2 °C. When combined with the data from Hill et al. (2011), a new expression for the relationship between the δ18Ointercept value and temperature is proposed: T (°C) = -4.12 ± 0.38 (δ18Ointercept) + 12.32 ± 0.75(R2 = 0.90, p value textless 0.0001) Error estimates are ± 0.7 °C for corals living at cold temperatures (2 °C), ± 1.4 °C in warmer waters (11 °C), and ± 0.5 °C at the mean water temperature of the data set (4.6 °C). The first multi-specimen verification of the “lines” method was performed on three co-located bamboo (Isididae) corals and found to give nearly coincident δ18O intercepts. Detailed intraspecimen sampling reveals δ18O and δ13C isotopic variability within coeval portions of the skeleton. In one specimen, “lines” method analysis was utilized on multiple samples taken from the same temporal increment of the skeleton, yielding multiple δ18O intercepts. Calculated temperatures using the calibration proposed here describe a temperature range of 7.9 to 10.3 °C, which approaches the temperature range of 11.1 ± 0.7 °C at the coral collection location.
BibTeX:
@article{Kimball2014,
  author = {Kimball, J B and Dunbar, R B and Guilderson, T P},
  title = {Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in calcitic deep-sea corals: Implications for paleotemperature reconstruction},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {381},
  number = {0},
  pages = {223--233},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254114002460},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.008}
}
Koschinsky A, Kausch M and Borowski C (2014), "Metal concentrations in the tissues of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus: Reflection of different metal sources", Marine Environmental Research. Vol. 95(0), pp. 62-73.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vent mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus are ideally positioned for the use of recording hydrothermal fluxes at the hydrothermal vent sites they inhabit. Barium, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and U concentrations in tissue sections of Bathymodiolus mussels from several hydrothermal fields between 15°N and 9°S at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were determined and compared to the surrounding fluids and solid substrates in the habitats. Elements generally enriched in hydrothermal fluids, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, were significantly enriched in the gills and digestive glands of the hydrothermal mussels. The rather small variability of Zn (and Mn) and positive correlation with K and earth alkaline metals may indicate a biological regulation of accumulation. Enrichments of Mo and U in many tissue samples indicate that particulate matter such as hydrothermal mineral particles from the plumes can play a more important role as a metal source than dissolved metals. Highest enrichments of Cu in mussels from the Golden Valley site indicate a relation to the ≥400 °C hot heavy-metal rich fluids emanating in the vicinity. In contrast, mussels from the low-temperature Lilliput field are affected by the Fe oxyhydroxide sediment of their habitat. In a comparison of two different sites within the Logatchev field metal distributions in the tissues reflected small-scale local variations in the metal content of the fluids and the particulate material.
BibTeX:
@article{Koschinsky2014,
  author = {Koschinsky, A and Kausch, M and Borowski, C},
  title = {Metal concentrations in the tissues of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus: Reflection of different metal sources},
  journal = {Marine Environmental Research},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {95},
  number = {0},
  pages = {62--73},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113613002249},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.012}
}
Madin K (2014), "Alvin's animals: scientists in the sub have discovered hundreds of previously unknown species", Oceanus. Vol. 51(1)
BibTeX:
@article{Madin2014,
  author = {Madin, K},
  title = {Alvin's animals: scientists in the sub have discovered hundreds of previously unknown species},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1}
}
Moore A, Coogan LA, Costa F and Perfit MR (2014), "Primitive melt replenishment and crystal-mush disaggregation in the weeks preceding the 2005–2006 eruption 9°50′N9°50′N, EPR", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 403, pp. 15-26.
Abstract: The 2005–2006 eruption at ∼9°50′N, East Pacific Rise provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate the magma plumbing system beneath a well-studied ridge system. The eruption was preceded by two years of increasingly intense seismicity and occurred from the same location as a previous and well-characterized eruption in 1991–1992. Here we use the crystal cargo of samples from this eruption to investigate magma reservoir processes in the lead-up to the eruption, as well as their temporal relationship to the seismicity that preceded it. Compositional zoning in some plagioclase crystals indicates primitive melt replenishment occurred roughly six weeks or less before the eruption. This replenishing event is seen only in the crystals from the central region of the eruption (9°50′–9°52′N). This is also the area where the most primitive lava compositions are observed and together these observations support models of replenishment being spatially focused. The short time between the input of a more primitive melt and eruption onto the seafloor suggests replenishment likely contributed to triggering the eruption. Rare resorbed plagioclase crystals, and glomerocrysts of plagioclase and olivine, some of which have rims far from equilibrium with their host melt, suggest that disaggregation of a crystal mush occurred within a few days prior to eruption. Interstitial melt from within this mush zone must have been mixed back into the erupted lava—a form of in situ crystallization. Thus, the erupted magmas evolved in a replenished-tapped magma reservoir in which at least a part of the crystallization occurred in situ.
BibTeX:
@article{Moore2014,
  author = {Moore, A and Coogan, L A and Costa, F and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Primitive melt replenishment and crystal-mush disaggregation in the weeks preceding the 2005–2006 eruption 9°50′N9°50′N, EPR},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {403},
  pages = {15--26},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.015}
}
Nooner SL, Webb SC, Buck WR and Cormier MH (2014), "Post Eruption inflation of the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50 ' N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 15(6), pp. 2676-2688.
Abstract: In June 2008, we installed a geodetic network at 9 degrees 50' N on the East Pacific Rise to track the long-term movement of magma following the 2005/6 eruption. This network consists of 10 concrete benchmarks stretching from the ridge to 9 km off-axis. During three campaign-style surveys, measurements of vertical seafloor motions were made at each of these benchmarks by precisely recording ambient seawater pressure as a proxy for seafloor depth with a mobile pressure recorder (MPR). The MPR was deployed using the manned submersible Alvin in 2008 and 2009 and the remotely operated vehicle Jason in 2011. The MPR observations are supplemented with data from a multiyear deployment of continuously recording bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) extending along this segment of the ridge that can record rapid changes in seafloor depth from seafloor eruptions and/or dike intrusions. These measurements show no diking events and up to 12 cm of volcanic inflation that occurred from December 2009 to October 2011 in the area of the 2005/6 eruption. These observations are fit with an inflating point source at a depth of 2.7 km and volume change of 2.3 x 10(6) m(3)/yr located on the ridge axis at approximately 9 degrees 51.166' N, 407 m from our northernmost benchmark, suggesting that the magma chamber underlying this segment of the ridge is being recharged from a deeper source at a rate that is about half the long-term inflation rate observed at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. These data represent the second location that active volcanic uplift has been measured on a mid-ocean ridge segment, and the first on a nonhotspot influenced segment.
BibTeX:
@article{Nooner2014,
  author = {Nooner, S L and Webb, S C and Buck, W R and Cormier, M H},
  title = {Post Eruption inflation of the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50 ' N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2676--2688},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005389}
}
Panieri G, Aharon P, Sen Gupta BK, Camerlenghi A, Ferrer FP and Cacho I (2014), "Late Holocene Foraminifera of Blake Ridge Diapir: Assemblage Variation and Stable-Isotope Record in gas-hydrate bearing sediments", Marine Geology. Vol. 353(0), pp. 99-107.
Abstract: The presence of gas hydrates on the Blake Ridge diapir, northeastern Atlantic Ocean, offers an opportunity to study the impact of methane seepage on the ecology and geochemistry of benthic foraminifera in the late Holocene. Three push cores, covering a time span of ˜ 1000 yrs, were retrieved from three distinct microhabitats at the top of the diapir at a water depth of ˜ 2150 m: (i) sediments away from seepage (control core), (ii) sediments overlain by clusters of methanotrophic and thiotrophic bivalves, and (iii) chemoautotrophic microbial mats. The foraminiferal assemblages at the two seep sites are marked by a reduction in benthic foraminiferal species diversity, coupled with a near-absence of agglutinated species. However, an opportunistic population rise in CH4- or H2S-tolerant calcareous species (e.g., Globocassidulina subglobosa and Cassidulina laevigata) that utilize the abundant trophic resources at the seeps has led to an increase in the overall assemblage density there. The δ18O and δ13C values of three species of benthic foraminifera - Gyroidinoides laevigatus, Globocassidulina subglobosa, and Uvigerina peregrina - and the planktonic species Globorotalia menardii were acquired from all three cores. The benthic species from methane seeps yield δ13C values of 0.1 to –4.2 (‰VPDB), that are distinctly more 13C-depleted relative to the δ13C of 0.4 to –1.0 (‰VPDB) at the control (off seep) site. The species from a mussel-bed site exhibit more negative δ13C values than those from microbial mats, possibly reflecting different food sources and higher rate of anaerobic oxidation of methane. The positive δ13C values in the paired planktonic species suggest that authigenic carbonate precipitation did not overprint the observed 13C depletions. Hence the probable cause of negative δ13C of benthic foraminifera is primary calcification from Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) containing mixed carbon fractions from (a) highly 13C-depleted, microbially-oxidized methane and (b) a seawater source.
BibTeX:
@article{Panieri2014,
  author = {Panieri, G and Aharon, Paul and Sen Gupta, B K and Camerlenghi, A and Ferrer, F P and Cacho, I},
  title = {Late Holocene Foraminifera of Blake Ridge Diapir: Assemblage Variation and Stable-Isotope Record in gas-hydrate bearing sediments},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {353},
  number = {0},
  pages = {99--107},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322714000826},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.020}
}
Parnell-Turner R, Cann JR, Smith DK, Schouten H, Yoerger DR, Palmiotto C, Zheleznov A and Bai H (2014), "Sedimentation rates test models of oceanic detachment faulting", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 41(20), pp. 7080-7088.
Abstract: Long-lived detachment faults play an important role in the construction of new oceanic crust at slow-spreading mid-oceanic ridges. Although the corrugated surfaces of exposed low-angle faults demonstrate past slip, it is difficult to determine whether a given fault is currently active. If inactive, it is unclear when slip ceased. This judgment is crucial for tectonic reconstructions where detachment faults are present, and for models of plate spreading. We quantify variation in sediment thickness over two corrugated surfaces near 16.5°N at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge using near-bottom Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) data. We show that the distribution of sediment and tectonic features at one detachment fault is consistent with slip occurring today. In contrast, another corrugated surface 20 km to the south shows a sediment distribution suggesting that slip ceased ˜150,000 years ago. Data presented here provide new evidence for active detachment faulting, and suggest along-axis variations in fault activity occur over tens of kilometers.
BibTeX:
@article{Parnell-Turner2014,
  author = {Parnell-Turner, R and Cann, J R and Smith, D K and Schouten, H and Yoerger, D R and Palmiotto, C and Zheleznov, A and Bai, H},
  title = {Sedimentation rates test models of oceanic detachment faulting},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {41},
  number = {20},
  pages = {7080--7088},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL061555}
}
Quattrini AM, Etnoyer PJ, Doughty C, English L, Falco R, Remon N, Rittinghouse M and Cordes EE (2014), "A phylogenetic approach to octocoral community structure in the deep Gulf of Mexico", Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Vol. 99(0), pp. 92-102.
Abstract: Deep-sea communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances, as fishing, hydrocarbon exploration and extraction, and mining activities extend into deeper water. Negative impacts from such activities were recently documented in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where the Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused substantial damage to a deep-water octocoral community. Although a faunal checklist and numerous museum records are currently available for the entire GoM, local-scale diversity and assemblage structure of octocoral communities remains unknown, particularly in deep water. On a series of recent cruises (2008–2011) using remotely operated vehicles, 435 octocorals were collected from 33 deep-water sites (250–2500 m) in the northern GoM. To elucidate species boundaries, the extended mitochondrial barcode (COI+igr1+msh) was successfully amplified and sequenced for 422 of these specimens, yielding a total of 64 haplotypes representing at least 52 species. Further, at least 29% of the species collected were either previously not known to occur in the GoM (12 species) or represent new species (at least three species). Overall, species richness at each site was fairly low (1–12 spp.). The greatest species richness occurred at the shallowest () was successfully amplified and sequenced for 422 of these specimens, yielding a total of 64 haplotypes representing at least 52 species. Further, at least 29% of the species collected were either previously not known to occur in the GoM (12 species) or represent new species (at least three species). Overall, species richness at each site was fairly low (1–12 spp.). The greatest species richness occurred at the shallowest (n=8 spp.) and the deepest (2100–2500 m: DC673, n=12 spp., DC583, n=10 spp.) sites, and minimum taxonomic and phylogenetic (Faith's Index) diversity was evident at 600–950 m. This pattern is the opposite of the typical pattern of deep-sea diversity in the GoM, which normally peaks at mid-slope depths. Sorensen's Index of taxonomic β-diversity indicated that six distinct (65–95% dissimilarity) species assemblages corresponded with five depth breaks at ˜325, 425, 600, 1100, and 2100 m. Further assemblage structure was observed within certain depth zones. Of note, within the 425–600 m depth range, species assemblages at the West Florida Slope differed from the other sites, corresponding to an established biogeographic barrier. The phylogenetic approach used in this study provided important insights into the species boundaries of many taxa while demonstrating that evolutionary history plays a critical role in community structure of deep-sea octocorals.
BibTeX:
@article{Quattrini2014,
  author = {Quattrini, A M and Etnoyer, P J and Doughty, C and English, Lisa and Falco, R and Remon, N and Rittinghouse, M and Cordes, E E},
  title = {A phylogenetic approach to octocoral community structure in the deep Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {99},
  number = {0},
  pages = {92--102},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706451300218X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.027}
}
Salmi MS, Johnson HP, Tivey MA and Hutnak M (2014), "Quantitative estimate of heat flow from a mid-ocean ridge axial valley, Raven field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Observations and inferences", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Vol. 119(9), pp. 6841-6854.
Abstract: A systematic heat flow survey using thermal blankets within the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge axial valley provides quantitative estimates of the magnitude and distribution of conductive heat flow at a mid-ocean ridge, with the goal of testing current models of hydrothermal circulation present within newly formed oceanic crust. Thermal blankets were deployed covering an area of 700 by 450 m in the Raven Hydrothermal vent field area located 400 m north of the Main Endeavour hydrothermal field. A total of 176 successful blanket deployment sites measured heat flow values that ranged from 0 to 31 W m−2. Approximately 53% of the sites recorded values lower than 100 mW m−2, suggesting large areas of seawater recharge and advective extraction of lithospheric heat. High heat flow values were concentrated around relatively small “hot spots.” Integration of heat flow values over the Raven survey area gives an estimate of conductive heat output of 0.3 MW, an average of 0.95 W m−2, over the survey area. Fluid circulation cell dimensions and scaling equations allow calculation of a Rayleigh number of approximately 700 in Layer 2A. The close proximity of high and low heat flow areas, coupled with previous estimates of surficial seafloor permeability, argues for the presence of small-scale hydrothermal fluid circulation cells within the high-porosity uppermost crustal layer of the axial seafloor.
BibTeX:
@article{Salmi2014,
  author = {Salmi, M S and Johnson, H P and Tivey, M A and Hutnak, M},
  title = {Quantitative estimate of heat flow from a mid-ocean ridge axial valley, Raven field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Observations and inferences},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {119},
  number = {9},
  pages = {6841--6854},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011086}
}
Smith DK, Schouten H, Dick HJB, Cann JR, Salters V, Marschall HR, Ji F, Yoerger DR, Sanfilippo A, Parnell-Turner R, Palmiotto C, Zheleznov A, Bai H, Junkin W, Urann B, Dick S, Sulanowska M, Lemmond P and Curry S (2014), "Development and evolution of detachment faulting along 50 km of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 16.5°N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 15(12), pp. 4692-4711.
Abstract: A multifaceted study of the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 16.5°N provides new insights into detachment faulting and its evolution through time. The survey included regional multibeam bathymetry mapping, high-resolution mapping using AUV Sentry, seafloor imaging using the TowCam system, and an extensive rock-dredging program. At different times, detachment faulting was active along ∼50 km of the western flank of the study area, and may have dominated spreading on that flank for the last 5 Ma. Detachment morphologies vary and include a classic corrugated massif, noncorrugated massifs, and back-tilted ridges marking detachment breakaways. High-resolution Sentry data reveal a new detachment morphology; a low-angle, irregular surface in the regional bathymetry is shown to be a finely corrugated detachment surface (corrugation wavelength of only tens of meters and relief of just a few meters). Multiscale corrugations are observed 2–3 km from the detachment breakaway suggesting that they formed in the brittle layer, perhaps by anastomosing faults. The thin wedge of hanging wall lavas that covers a low-angle (6°) detachment footwall near its termination are intensely faulted and fissured; this deformation may be enhanced by the low angle of the emerging footwall. Active detachment faulting currently is limited to the western side of the rift valley. Nonetheless, detachment fault morphologies also are present over a large portion of the eastern flank on crust textgreater2 Ma, indicating that within the last 5 Ma parts of the ridge axis have experienced periods of two-sided detachment faulting.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2014,
  author = {Smith, D K and Schouten, H and Dick, H J B and Cann, J R and Salters, V and Marschall, H R and Ji, F and Yoerger, D R and Sanfilippo, A and Parnell-Turner, R and Palmiotto, C and Zheleznov, A and Bai, H and Junkin, W and Urann, B and Dick, S and Sulanowska, M and Lemmond, P and Curry, S},
  title = {Development and evolution of detachment faulting along 50 km of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 16.5°N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {15},
  number = {12},
  pages = {4692--4711},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GC005563}
}
Thal J, Tivey M, Yoerger D, Joens N and Bach W (2014), "Geologic setting of PACManus hydrothermal area - High resolution mapping and in situ observations", Marine Geology. Vol. 355, pp. 98-114.
Abstract: This study presents a systematic analysis and interpretation of autonomous underwater vehicle-based microbathymetry combined with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video recordings, rock analyses and temperature measurements within the PACManus hydrothermal area located on Pual Ridge in the Bismarck Sea of eastern Manus Basin. The data obtained during research cruise Magellan-06 and So-216 provides a framework for understanding the relationship between the volcanism, tectonism and hydrothermal activity. PACManus is a submarine felsic vocanically-hosted hydrothermal area that hosts multiple vent fields located within several hundred meters of one another but with different fluid chemistries, vent temperatures and morphologies. The total area of hydrothermal activity is estimated to be 20,279 m(2). The microbathymetry maps combined with the ROV video observations allow for precise high-resolution mapping estimates of the areal extents of hydrothermal activity. We find the distribution of hydrothermal fields in the PACManus area is primarily controlled by volcanic features that include lava domes, thick and massive blocky lava flows, breccias and feeder dykes. Spatial variation in the permeability of local volcanic facies appears to control the distribution of venting within a field. We define a three-stage chronological sequence for the volcanic evolution of the PACManus based on lava flow morphology, sediment cover and lava SiO2 concentration. In Stage-1, sparsely to moderately porphyritic dacite lavas (68-69.8 wt.% SiO2) erupted to form domes or cryptodomes. In Stage-2, aphyric lava with slightly lower SiO2 concentrations (67.2-67.9 wt.% SiO2) formed jumbled and pillowed lava flows. In the most recent phase Stage-3, massive blocky lavas with 69 to 72.5 wt% SiO2 were erupted through multiple vents constructing a volcanic ridge identified as the PACManus neovolcanic zone. The transition between these stages may be gradual and related to progressive heating of a silicic magma following a recharge event of hot, mantle-derived melts.
BibTeX:
@article{Thal2014,
  author = {Thal, Janis and Tivey, Maurice and Yoerger, Dana and Joens, Niels and Bach, Wolfgang},
  title = {Geologic setting of PACManus hydrothermal area - High resolution mapping and in situ observations},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {355},
  pages = {98--114},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.011}
}
Thresher R, Althaus F, Adkins J, Gowlett-Holmes K, Alderslade P, Dowdney J, Cho W, Gagnon A, Staples D and McEnnulty F (2014), "Strong Depth-Related Zonation of Megabenthos on a Rocky Continental Margin ( similar to 700-4000 m) off Southern Tasmania, Australia: e85872", PLoS ONE. United Kingdom Vol. 9(1) BioMed Central Ltd..
Abstract: Assemblages of megabenthos are structured in seven depth-related zones between ˜700 and 4000 m on the rocky and topographically complex continental margin south of Tasmania, southeastern Australia. These patterns emerge from analysis of imagery and specimen collections taken from a suite of surveys using photographic and in situ sampling by epibenthic sleds, towed video cameras, an autonomous underwater vehicle and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Seamount peaks in shallow zones had relatively low biomass and low diversity assemblages, which may be in part natural and in part due to effects of bottom trawl fishing. Species richness was highest at intermediate depths (1000-1300 m) as a result of an extensive coral reef community based on the bioherm-forming scleractinian Solenosmilia variabilis. However, megabenthos abundance peaked in a deeper, low diversity assemblage at 2000-2500 m. The S. variabilis reef and the deep biomass zone were separated by an extensive dead, sub-fossil S. variabilis reef and a relatively low biomass stratum on volcanic rock roughly coincident with the oxygen minimum layer. Below 2400 m, megabenthos was increasingly sparse, though punctuated by occasional small pockets of relatively high diversity and biomass. Nonetheless, megabenthic organisms were observed in the vast majority of photographs on all seabed habitats and to the maximum depths observed - a sandy plain below 3950 m. Taxonomic studies in progress suggest that the observed depth zonation is based in part on changing species mixes with depth, but also an underlying commonality to much of the seamount and rocky substrate biota across all depths. Although the mechanisms supporting the extraordinarily high biomass in 2000-2500 m depths remains obscure, plausible explanations include equatorwards lateral transport of polar production and/or a response to depth-stratified oxygen availability.
BibTeX:
@article{Thresher2014,
  author = {Thresher, R and Althaus, F and Adkins, J and Gowlett-Holmes, K and Alderslade, Phil and Dowdney, Jo and Cho, W and Gagnon, A and Staples, D and McEnnulty, F},
  title = {Strong Depth-Related Zonation of Megabenthos on a Rocky Continental Margin ( similar to 700-4000 m) off Southern Tasmania, Australia: e85872},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  url = {http://norton.whoi.edu/sfxlocal?urlver=Z39.88-2004&rftvalfmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&sid=ProQ:ProQ%253Apqdibs&atitle=Strong+Depth-Related+Zonation+of+Megabenthos+on+a+Rocky+Continental+Margin+%2528+similar+to+700-4000+m%2529+off+Sou},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0085872}
}
Tivey MA, Johnson HP, Salmi MS and Hutnak M (2014), "High-resolution near-bottom vector magnetic anomalies over Raven Hydrothermal Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Vol. 119(10), pp. 7389-7403.
Abstract: High-resolution, near-bottom vector magnetic data were collected by remotely operated vehicle Jason over the Raven hydrothermal vent field (47°57.3′N 129°5.75′W) located north of Main Endeavour vent field on the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The survey was part of a comprehensive heat flow study of the Raven site using innovative thermal blanket technology to map the heat flux and crustal fluid pathways around a solitary hydrothermal vent field. Raven hydrothermal activity is presently located along the western axial valley wall, while additional inactive hydrothermal deposits are found to the NW on the upper rift valley wall. Magnetic inversion results show discrete areas of reduced magnetization associated with both active and inactive hydrothermal vent deposits that also show high conductive heat flow. Higher spatial variability in the heat flow patterns compared to the magnetization is consistent with the heat flow reflecting the currently active but ephemeral thermal environment of fluid flow, while crustal magnetization is representative of the static time-averaged effect of hydrothermal alteration. A general NW to SE trend in reduced magnetization across the Raven area correlates closely with the distribution of hydrothermal deposits and heat flux patterns and suggests that the fluid circulation system at depth is likely controlled by local crustal structure and magma chamber geometry. Magnetic gradient tensor components computed from vector magnetic data improve the resolution of the magnetic anomaly source and indicate that the hydrothermally altered zone directly beneath the Raven site is approximately 15 × 106 m3 in volume.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2014,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P and Salmi, M S and Hutnak, M},
  title = {High-resolution near-bottom vector magnetic anomalies over Raven Hydrothermal Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {119},
  number = {10},
  pages = {7389--7403},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JB011223}
}
Walsh JB and Rainnie WD (2014), "Alvin: Ocean Research Submarine", Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 136(8), pp. 28.
BibTeX:
@article{Walsh2014,
  author = {Walsh, Joseph B. and Rainnie, William D.},
  title = {Alvin: Ocean Research Submarine},
  journal = {Mechanical Engineering},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {136},
  number = {8},
  pages = {28}
}
Winner C and Lippsett L (2014), "Bringing Alvin back on board: 'swimmers' are key links between sub and ship", Oceanus. Vol. 51(1)
BibTeX:
@article{Winner2014,
  author = {Winner, C and Lippsett, L},
  title = {Bringing Alvin back on board: 'swimmers' are key links between sub and ship},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1}
}
(2014), "Alvin Cleared to Return to Service", Ocean News & Technology. Vol. 20(3), pp. 13.
Abstract: After a 3-year overhaul and major upgrade, the US' deepest-diving research submersible, Alvin, has been cleared to return to work exploring the ocean's depths. The sub has been out of service since December 2010, undergoing a major upgrade that included the replacement of its personnel sphere with a newly fabricated, larger, more capable hull. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution operates the Navy-owned sub for the National Deep Submergence Facility on behalf of a consortium of universities and research organizations conducting deep ocean research. The Navy certified Alvin using its Deep Submergence Scope of Certification process, reviewing the design, construction, and materials used to ensure the vehicle performs as expected.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin Cleared to Return to Service},
  journal = {Ocean News & Technology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {13}
}
(2014), "Alvin takes first science dive since overhaul", Ocean News & Technology. Vol. 20(4), pp. 28.
Abstract: Alvin, the nation's only deep-sea research submarine, took its first scientific dive Mar 15, 2014 after a 39- month hiatus and a major overhaul that dramatically upgraded the sub. Because the first dive site was only 320 m deep, the sub was on the bottom about 12 mm later, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientist Susan Humphris, Alvin pilot Bob Waters, and pilot-in-training Nathan Brown spent the next 5 hrs doing the undersea equivalent of a road test. Humphris described the tests of the Alvin's new command-and-control features that automatically maintain the sub's position, attitude, or heading.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin takes first science dive since overhaul},
  journal = {Ocean News & Technology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {28}
}
Bennett SA, Coleman M, Huber JA, Reddington E, Kinsey JC, McIntyre C, Seewald JS and German CR (2013), "Trophic regions of a hydrothermal plume dispersing away from an ultramafic-hosted vent-system: Von Damm vent-site, Mid-Cayman Rise", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14(2), pp. 317-327.
Abstract: Deep-sea ultramafic-hosted vent systems have the potential to provide large amounts of metabolic energy to both autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in their dispersing hydrothermal plumes. Such vent-systems release large quantities of hydrogen and methane to the water column, both of which can be exploited by autotrophic microorganisms. Carbon cycling in these hydrothermal plumes may, therefore, have an important influence on open-ocean biogeochemistry. In this study, we investigated an ultramafic-hosted system on the Mid-Cayman Rise, emitting metal-poor and hydrogen sulfide-, methane-, and hydrogen-rich hydrothermal fluids. Total organic carbon concentrations in the plume ranged between 42.1 and 51.1 μM (background = 43.2 ± 0.7 μM (n = 5)) and near-field plume samples with elevated methane concentrations imply the presence of chemoautotrophic primary production and in particular methanotrophy. In parts of the plume characterized by persistent potential temperature anomalies but lacking elevated methane concentrations, we found elevated organic carbon concentrations of up to 51.1 μM, most likely resulting from the presence of heterotrophic communities, their extracellular products and vent larvae. Elevated carbon concentrations up to 47.4 μM were detected even in far-field plume samples. Within the Von Damm hydrothermal plume, we have used our data to hypothesize a microbial food web in which chemoautotrophy supports a heterotrophic community of microorganisms. Such an active microbial food web would provide a source of labile organic carbon to the deep ocean that should be considered in any future studies evaluating sources and sinks of carbon from hydrothermal venting to the deep ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Bennett2013,
  author = {Bennett, S A and Coleman, Max and Huber, J A and Reddington, E and Kinsey, J C and McIntyre, C and Seewald, J S and German, C R},
  title = {Trophic regions of a hydrothermal plume dispersing away from an ultramafic-hosted vent-system: Von Damm vent-site, Mid-Cayman Rise},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {317--327},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20063},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20063}
}
Brothers LL, Van Dover CL, German CR, Kaiser CL, Yoerger DR, Ruppel CD, Lobecker E, Skarke AD and Wagner JKS (2013), "Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin", Geology., jul, 2013. Vol. 41(7), pp. 807-810.
Abstract: We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies (textgreater1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States.
BibTeX:
@article{Brothers2013,
  author = {Brothers, L L and Van Dover, C L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Ruppel, C D and Lobecker, E and Skarke, A D and Wagner, J K S},
  title = {Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {41},
  number = {7},
  pages = {807--810},
  doi = {10.1130/G34217.1}
}
Deschamps A, Tivey MA, Chadwick WW and Embley RW (2013), "Waning magmatic activity along the Southern Explorer Ridge revealed through fault restoration of rift topography", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14(5), pp. 1609-1625.
Abstract: We combine high-resolution bathymetry acquired using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABE with digital seafloor imagery collected using the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS across the axial valley of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) to infer the recent volcanic and tectonic processes. The SER is an intermediate spreading ridge located in the northeast Pacific. It hosts the Magic Mountain hydrothermal vent. We reconstruct the unfaulted seafloor terrain at SER based on calculations of the vertical displacement field and fault parameters. The vertical changes between the initial and the restored topographies reflect the integrated effects of volcanism and tectonism on relief-forming processes over the last 11,000–14,000 years. The restored topography indicates that the axial morphology evolved from a smooth constructional dome textgreater500 m in diameter, to a fault-bounded graben, ˜500 m wide and 30–70 m deep. This evolution has been accompanied by changes in eruptive rate, with deposition of voluminous lobate and sheet flows when the SER had a domed morphology, and limited-extent low-effusion rate pillow eruptions during graben development. Most of the faults shaping the present axial valley postdate the construction of the dome. Our study supports a model of cyclic volcanism at the SER with periods of effusive eruptions flooding the axial rift, centered on the broad plateau at the summit of the ridge, followed by a decrease in eruptive activity and a subsequent dominance of tectonic processes, with minor low-effusion rate eruptions confined to the axial graben. The asymmetric shape of the axial graben supports an increasing role of extensional processes, with a component of simple shear in the spreading processes.
BibTeX:
@article{Deschamps2013,
  author = {Deschamps, A and Tivey, M A and Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W},
  title = {Waning magmatic activity along the Southern Explorer Ridge revealed through fault restoration of rift topography},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1609--1625},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20110},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20110}
}
Feng D, Cordes EE, Roberts HH and Fisher CR (2013), "A comparative study of authigenic carbonates from mussel and tubeworm environments: Implications for discriminating the effects of tubeworms", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 75(0), pp. 110-118.
Abstract: The Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon seeps are often populated by dense mussel beds and tubeworm aggregations, as well as exposed authigenic carbonate outcrops. Previous studies suggest the activity of mussels and tubeworms could influence the sediment geochemistry of their habitats, resulting in variations in the stable carbon isotopes of the associated carbonates. However, this conclusion was based on the analyses of samples from a single site. To better understand whether there are consistent differences in the geochemical environments of mussels and tubeworms, mineralogical and stable isotopic compositions of authigenic carbonates from mussel and tubeworm environments from four seep sites were analyzed. The studied sites span a depth range of 1200 m to 2800 m on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. We found that carbonate samples from tubeworm environments were more prone to contain aragonite whereas carbonates from mussel environments were more likely to have calcite. This finding supports the hypothesis that vestimentiferans release sulfate across their roots into the pore waters of the surrounding sediments, a process that could generate a locally sulfate-enriched environment that favors the precipitation of aragonite instead of calcite. Moreover, the δ13C values of tubeworm carbonates are generally lighter than that of mussel carbonates from the same site, which is consistent with the fact that tubeworms are fueling extra subsurface methane oxidation through the release of sulfate into the sediment. Such a process, consequently, enriches the subsurface dissolved inorganic carbon pool with light carbon derived from the seeping hydrocarbons. Taken together, our data suggest that tubeworms could produce a carbon isotope shift that is sufficient to influence the sediment geochemistry of their immediate area, and that this impact is reflected in the associated authigenic carbonates.
BibTeX:
@article{Feng2013,
  author = {Feng, D and Cordes, E E and Roberts, H H and Fisher, C R},
  title = {A comparative study of authigenic carbonates from mussel and tubeworm environments: Implications for discriminating the effects of tubeworms},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {75},
  number = {0},
  pages = {110--118},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063713000435},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2013.02.002}
}
Hansen LN, Cheadle MJ, John BE, Swapp SM, Dick HJB, Tucholke BE and Tivey MA (2013), "Mylonitic deformation at the Kane oceanic core complex: Implications for the rheological behavior of oceanic detachment faults", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14, pp. 3085-3108.
Abstract: The depth extent, strength, and composition of oceanic detachment faults remain poorly understood because the grade of deformation-related fabrics varies widely among sampled oceanic core complexes (OCCs). We address this issue by analyzing fault rocks collected from the Kane oceanic core complex at 23°30′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A portion of the sample suite was collected from a younger fault scarp that cuts the detachment surface and exposes the interior of the most prominent dome. The style of deformation was assessed as a function of proximity to the detachment surface, revealing a ∼450 m thick zone of high-temperature mylonitization overprinted by a ∼200 m thick zone of brittle deformation. Geothermometry of deformed gabbros demonstrates that crystal-plastic deformation occurred at temperatures textgreater700°C. Analysis of the morphology of the complex in conjunction with recent thermochronology suggests that deformation initiated at depths of ∼7 km. Thus we suggest the detachment system extended into or below the brittle-plastic transition (BPT). Microstructural evidence suggests that gabbros and peridotites with high-temperature fabrics were dominantly deforming by dislocation-accommodated processes and diffusion creep. Recrystallized grain size piezometry yields differential stresses consistent with those predicted by dry-plagioclase flow laws. The temperature and stress at the BPT determined from laboratory-derived constitutive models agree well with the lowest temperatures and highest stresses estimated from gabbro mylonites. We suggest that the variation in abundance of mylonites among oceanic core complexes can be explained by variation in the depth of the BPT, which depends to a first order on the thermal structure and water content of newly forming oceanic lithosphere.
BibTeX:
@article{Hansen2013,
  author = {Hansen, L N and Cheadle, M J and John, B E and Swapp, S M and Dick, H J B and Tucholke, B E and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Mylonitic deformation at the Kane oceanic core complex: Implications for the rheological behavior of oceanic detachment faults},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {3085--3108},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20184}
}
Jungbluth SP, Grote J, Lin H-T, Cowen JP and Rappe MS (2013), "Microbial diversity within basement fluids of the sediment-buried Juan de Fuca Ridge flank", ISME JOURNAL., jan, 2013. Vol. 7(1), pp. 161-172.
Abstract: Despite its immense size, logistical and methodological constraints have largely limited microbiological investigations of the subseafloor basement biosphere. In this study, a unique sampling system was used to collect fluids from the subseafloor basaltic crust via a Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit (CORK) observatory at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole 1301A, located at a depth of 2667 m in the Pacific Ocean on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Here, a fluid delivery line directly accesses a 3.5 million years old basalt-hosted basement aquifer, overlaid by 262 m of sediment, which serves as a barrier to direct exchange with bottom seawater. At an average of 1.2 x 10(4) cells ml(-1), microorganisms in borehole fluids were nearly an order of magnitude less abundant than in surrounding bottom seawater. Ribosomal RNA genes were characterized from basement fluids, providing the first snapshots of microbial community structure using a high-integrity fluid delivery line. Interestingly, microbial communities retrieved from different CORKs (1026B and 1301A) nearly a decade apart shared major community members, consistent with hydrogeological connectivity. However, over three sampling years, the dominant gene clone lineage changed from relatives of Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator within the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in 2008 to the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group in 2009 and a lineage within the JTB35 group of Gammaproteobacteria in 2010, and statistically significant variation in microbial community structure was observed. The enumeration of different phylogenetic groups of cells within borehole 1301A fluids supported our observation that the deep subsurface microbial community was temporally dynamic. The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 161-172; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.73; published online 12 July 2012
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000313236000014,
  author = {Jungbluth, Sean P and Grote, Jana and Lin, Huei-Ting and Cowen, James P and Rappe, Michael S},
  title = {Microbial diversity within basement fluids of the sediment-buried Juan de Fuca Ridge flank},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--172},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2012.73}
}
MacGregor BJ, Biddle JF, Siebert JR, Staunton E, Hegg EL, Matthysse AG and Teske A (2013), "Why Orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp. Are Orange: Single-Filament-Genome-Enabled Identification of an Abundant Octaheme Cytochrome with Hydroxylamine Oxidase, Hydrazine Oxidase, and Nitrite Reductase Activities", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., feb, 2013. Vol. 79(4), pp. 1183-1190.
Abstract: Orange, white, and yellow vacuolated Beggiatoaceae filaments are
visually dominant members of microbial mats found near sea floor
hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, with orange filaments typically
concentrated toward the mat centers. No marine vacuolate Beggiatoaceae
are yet in pure culture, but evidence to date suggests they are
nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. The nearly complete genome
sequence of a single orange Beggiatoa (''Candidatus Maribeggiatoa'')
filament from a microbial mat sample collected in 2008 at a hydrothermal
site in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was recently
obtained. From this sequence, the gene encoding an abundant soluble
orange-pigmented protein in Guaymas Basin mat samples (collected in
2009) was identified by microcapillary reverse-phase high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
(mu LC-MS-MS) of a pigmented band excised from a denaturing
polyacrylamide gel. The predicted protein sequence is related to a large
group of octaheme cytochromes whose few characterized representatives
are hydroxylamine or hydrazine oxidases. The protein was partially
purified and shown by in vitro assays to have hydroxylamine oxidase,
hydrazine oxidase, and nitrite reductase activities. From what is known
of Beggiatoaceae physiology, nitrite reduction is the most likely in
vivo role of the octaheme protein, but future experiments are required
to confirm this tentative conclusion. Thus, while present-day genomic
and proteomic techniques have allowed precise identification of an
abundant mat protein, and its potential activities could be assayed,
proof of its physiological role remains elusive in the absence of a pure
culture that can be genetically manipulated.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000314891500014,
  author = {MacGregor, Barbara J and Biddle, Jennifer F and Siebert, Jason R and Staunton, Eric and Hegg, Eric L and Matthysse, Ann G and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Why Orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp. Are Orange: Single-Filament-Genome-Enabled Identification of an Abundant Octaheme Cytochrome with Hydroxylamine Oxidase, Hydrazine Oxidase, and Nitrite Reductase Activities},
  journal = {APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {79},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1183--1190},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.02538-12}
}
Frank KL, Rogers DR, Olins HC, Vidoudez C and Girguis PR (2013), "Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents", ISME JOURNAL., jul, 2013. Vol. 7(7), pp. 1391-1401.
Abstract: Few studies have directly measured sulfate reduction at hydrothermal
vents, and relatively little is known about how environmental or
ecological factors influence rates of sulfate reduction in vent
environments. A better understanding of microbially mediated sulfate
reduction in hydrothermal vent ecosystems may be achieved by integrating
ecological and geochemical data with metabolic rate measurements. Here
we present rates of microbially mediated sulfate reduction from three
distinct hydrothermal vents in the Middle Valley vent field along the
Juan de Fuca Ridge, as well as assessments of bacterial and archaeal
diversity, estimates of total biomass and the abundance of functional
genes related to sulfate reduction, and in situ geochemistry. Maximum
rates of sulfate reduction occurred at 90 degrees C in all three
deposits. Pyrosequencing and functional gene abundance data revealed
differences in both biomass and community composition among sites,
including differences in the abundance of known sulfate-reducing
bacteria. The abundance of sequences for Thermodesulfovibro-like
organisms and higher sulfate reduction rates at elevated temperatures
suggests that Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms may have a role in
sulfate reduction in warmer environments. The rates of sulfate reduction
presented here suggest that-within anaerobic niches of hydrothermal
deposits-heterotrophic sulfate reduction may be quite common and might
contribute substantially to secondary productivity, underscoring the
potential role of this process in both sulfur and carbon cycling at
vents.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000320852100014,
  author = {Frank, Kiana L and Rogers, Daniel R and Olins, Heather C and Vidoudez, Charles and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {7},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1391--1401},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.17}
}
Lincoln SA, Bradley AS, Newman SA and Summons RE (2013), "Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field", ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY., jul, 2013. Vol. 60, pp. 45-53.
Abstract: We detected archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether
(GDGT) lipids in carbonate chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field,
an alkaline system near the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Isoprenoidal, archaeal
tetraethers from this site include ``H-shaped'' GDGTs, crenarchaeol and
GDGTs with 0-3 cyclopentane moieties (here referred to as GDGTs 0-3).
Concentrations of GDGT-3 do not track those of GDGTs 0-2 across the
sample set, suggesting that its biosynthesis may be subject to different
controls. Two branched, bacterial GDGTs (brGDGTs) common in terrigenous
environments were also detected. Consulting previously published surveys
of microbial diversity at Lost City and literature on known
precursor-product relationships, we investigated the provenance of these
GDGTs. The principal source of GDGTs 0-3 is likely ANME-1 archaea,
abundant at Lost City. H-shaped GDGTs are likely derived from
thermophilic Methanobacteria and Thermoprotei. Marine Group I
Thaumarchaea detected in Lost City chimneys are a potential source of
crenarchaeol, but it is unclear whether they are autotrophic nitrifiers
or representatives of a hydrothermal ecotype with different physiology.
The detection of branched GDGTs, possibly synthesized by Acidobacteria
at Lost City, adds to a growing body of evidence that the capacity for
their biosynthesis is not restricted to acidophilic soil bacteria and
that they cannot strictly be considered indicators of terrigenous
contributions to marine sediments. Input of hydrothermally derived
lipids has the potential to complicate paleoproxy applications based on
GDGTs. We propose that H-GDGTs be viewed as indicators of hydrothermal
input and that their detection in sediments warrants caution in proxy
application when a hydrothermal origin for co-occurring isoprenoidal and
brGDGTs cannot be excluded. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000321109400006,
  author = {Lincoln, Sara A and Bradley, Alexander S and Newman, Sharon A and Summons, Roger E},
  title = {Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {45--53},
  doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.04.010}
}
Mullineaux LS, McGillicuddy Jr. DJ, Mills SW, Kosnyrev VK, Thurnherr AM, Ledwell JR and Lavelle JW (2013), "Active positioning of vent larvae at a mid-ocean ridge", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY., aug, 2013. Vol. 92(SI), pp. 46-57.
Abstract: The vertical position of larvae of vent species above a mid-ocean ridge
potentially has a strong effect on their dispersal. Larvae may be
advected upward in the buoyant vent plume, or move as a consequence of
their buoyancy or by active swimming. Alternatively, they may be
retained near the bottom by the topography of the axial trough, or by
downward swimming. At vents near 9 degrees 50'N on the axis of the East
Pacific Rise, evidence for active larval positioning was detected in a
comparison between field observations of larvae in the plankton in 2006
and 2007 and distributions of non-swimming larvae in a two-dimensional
bio-physical model. In the field, few vent larvae were collected at the
level of the neutrally buoyant plume (similar to 75 m above the bottom);
their relative abundances at that height were much lower than those of
simulated larvae from a near-bottom release in the model. This
discrepancy was observed for many vent species, particularly gastropods,
suggesting that they may actively remain near the bottom by sinking or
swimming downward. Near the seafloor, larval abundance decreased from
the ridge axis to 1000 m off axis much more strongly in the observations
than in the simulations, again pointing to behavior as a potential
regulator of larval transport. We suspect that transport off axis was
reduced by downward-moving behavior, which positioned larvae into
locations where they were isolated from cross-ridge currents by seafloor
topography, such as the walls of the axial valley which are not resolved
in the model. Cross-ridge gradients in larval abundance varied between
gastropods and polychaetes, indicating that behavior may vary between
taxonomic groups, and possibly between species. These results suggest
that behaviorally mediated retention of vent larvae may be common, even
for species that have a long planktonic larval duration and are capable
of long-distance dispersal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000321177000006,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and McGillicuddy Jr., D J and Mills, S W and Kosnyrev, V K and Thurnherr, A M and Ledwell, J R and Lavelle, J W},
  title = {Active positioning of vent larvae at a mid-ocean ridge},
  journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {92},
  number = {SI},
  pages = {46--57},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.032}
}
Sanders JG, Beinart RA, Stewart FJ, Delong EF and Girguis PR (2013), "Metatranscriptomics reveal differences in in situ energy and nitrogen metabolism among hydrothermal vent snail symbionts", ISME JOURNAL., aug, 2013. Vol. 7(8), pp. 1556-1567.
Abstract: Despite the ubiquity of chemoautotrophic symbioses at hydrothermal
vents, our understanding of the influence of environmental chemistry on
symbiont metabolism is limited. Transcriptomic analyses are useful for
linking physiological poise to environmental conditions, but recovering
samples from the deep sea is challenging, as the long recovery times can
change expression profiles before preservation. Here, we present a
novel, in situ RNA sampling and preservation device, which we used to
compare the symbiont metatranscriptomes associated with Alviniconcha, a
genus of vent snail, in which specific host-symbiont combinations are
predictably distributed across a regional geochemical gradient.
Metatranscriptomes of these symbionts reveal key differences in energy
and nitrogen metabolism relating to both environmental chemistry (that
is, the relative expression of genes) and symbiont phylogeny (that is,
the specific pathways employed). Unexpectedly, dramatic differences in
expression of transposases and flagellar genes suggest that different
symbiont types may also have distinct life histories. These data further
our understanding of these symbionts' metabolic capabilities and their
expression in situ, and suggest an important role for symbionts in
mediating their hosts' interaction with regional-scale differences in
geochemistry.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000322119600009,
  author = {Sanders, J G and Beinart, R A and Stewart, F J and Delong, E F and Girguis, P R},
  title = {Metatranscriptomics reveal differences in in situ energy and nitrogen metabolism among hydrothermal vent snail symbionts},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {7},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1556--1567},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.45}
}
Quattrini AM, Georgian SE, Byrnes L, Stevens A, Falco R and Cordes EE (2013), "Niche divergence by deep-sea octocorals in the genus Callogorgia across the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico", MOLECULAR ECOLOGY., aug, 2013. Vol. 22(15), pp. 4123-4140.
Abstract: Environmental variables that are correlated with depth have been
suggested to be among the major forces underlying speciation in the deep
sea. This study incorporated phylogenetics and ecological niche models
(ENM) to examine whether congeneric species of Callogorgia
(Octocorallia: Primnoidae) occupy different ecological niches across the
continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and whether this niche
divergence could be important in the evolution of these closely related
species. Callogorgia americana americana, Callogorgia americana delta
and Callogorgia gracilis were documented at 13 sites in the GoM
(250-1000 m) from specimen collections and extensive video observations.
On a first order, these species were separated by depth, with C.
gracilis occurring at the shallowest sites, C. a. americana at
mid-depths and C. a. delta at the deepest sites. Callogorgia a. delta
was associated with areas of increased seep activity, whereas C.
gracilis and C. a. americana were associated with narrow, yet warmer,
temperature ranges and did not occur near cold seeps. ENM background and
identity tests revealed little to no overlap in ecological niches
between species. Temporal calibration of the phylogeny revealed the
formation of the Isthmus of Panama was a vicariance event that may
explain some of the patterns of speciation within this genus. These
results elucidate the potential mechanisms for speciation in the deep
sea, emphasizing both bathymetric speciation and vicariance events in
the evolution of a genus across multiple regions.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000322229800020,
  author = {Quattrini, Andrea M and Georgian, Samuel E and Byrnes, Luke and Stevens, Alex and Falco, Rosalia and Cordes, Erik E},
  title = {Niche divergence by deep-sea octocorals in the genus Callogorgia across the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {MOLECULAR ECOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {22},
  number = {15},
  pages = {4123--4140},
  doi = {10.1111/mec.12370}
}
Eichinger I, Hourdez S and Bright M (2013), "Morphology, microanatomy and sequence data of Sclerolinum contortum (Siboglindae, Annelida) of the Gulf of Mexico", ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION., sep, 2013. Vol. 13(3), pp. 311-329.
Abstract: Sclerolinum is a small genus of Siboglinidae (Annelida) living in an
obligate mutualistic association with thiotrophic bacteria as adults.
Its taxonomic position, based on morphology, has been controversial;
however, molecular data point to a sister taxa relationship with
vestimentiferans. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and comparative morphology
revealed that the studied population from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps of
the Gulf of Mexico belongs to Sclerolinum contortum known from the
Arctic Sea. Since no anatomical and microanatomical studies have been
published yet, we conducted such a study on S. contortum using serial
sectioning and light and transmission electron microscopy. We show that
the Sclerolinum body, divided into a head, trunk, and opisthosoma, is
very similar to that of the vestimentiferans, and therefore we propose
that the body regions are homologous in both taxa.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000323108100003,
  author = {Eichinger, Irmgard and Hourdez, Stephane and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Morphology, microanatomy and sequence data of Sclerolinum contortum (Siboglindae, Annelida) of the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {311--329},
  doi = {10.1007/s13127-012-0121-3}
}
Ito G, Garcia MO, Smith JR, Taylor B, Flinders A, Jicha B, Yamasaki S, Weis D, Swinnard L and Blay C (2013), "A low-relief shield volcano origin for the South Kaua''i Swell", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., jul, 2013. Vol. 14(7), pp. 2328-2348.
Abstract: The South Kauai Swell (SKS) is a 110 km x 80 km ovoid bathymetric
feature that stands textgreater2 km high and abuts the southern flank of the
island of Kauai. The origin of the SKS was investigated using multibeam
bathymetry and acoustic backscatter, gravity data, radiometric ages, and
geochemistry of rock samples. Most of the SKS rock samples are
tholeiitic in composition with ages of 3.9-5.4 Ma indicating they were
derived from shield volcanism. The ages and compositions of the SKS
rocks partially overlap with those of the nearby Niihau, Kauai and West
Kaena volcano complexes. The SKS was originally described as a
landslide; however, this interpretation is problematic given the ovoid
shape of SKS, its relatively smooth, flat-to-convex surface, and the
lack of an obvious source region that could accommodate what would be
one of Earth's most voluminous (6 x 10(3) km(3)) landslides. The
morphology, size, and the surrounding gravity anomaly are more
consistent with the SKS being a low-relief shield volcano, which was
partially covered with a small volume of landside debris from south
Kauai and later with some secondary volcanic seamounts. A shield origin
would imply that Hawaiian and possibly other hotspot shield volcanoes
can take on a wider variety of forms than is commonly thought, ranging
from tall island-building shields, to smaller edifices such as Kaena
Ridge and Mahukona, to even lower-relief volcanoes represented by the
SKS and possibly the South West Oahu Volcanic Field.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000323828800015,
  author = {Ito, Garrett and Garcia, Michael O and Smith, John R and Taylor, Brian and Flinders, Ashton and Jicha, Brian and Yamasaki, Seiko and Weis, Dominique and Swinnard, Lisa and Blay, Chuck},
  title = {A low-relief shield volcano origin for the South Kaua''i Swell},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2328--2348},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20159}
}
Coyne KJ, Countway PD, Pilditch CA, Lee CK, Caron DA and Cary SC (2013), "Diversity and Distributional Patterns of Ciliates in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Sediments", JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY., sep, 2013. Vol. 60(5), pp. 433-447.
Abstract: Little is known about protists at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The vent
sites at Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California are characterized by
dense mats of filamentous pigmented or nonpigmented Beggiatoa that serve
as markers of subsurface thermochemical gradients. We constructed 18S
rRNA libraries to investigate ciliate assemblages in Beggiatoa mats and
from bare sediments at the Guaymas vent site. Results indicated a high
diversity of ciliates, with 156 operational taxonomic units identified
in 548 sequences. Comparison between mat environments demonstrated that
ciliate and bacterial assemblages from pigmented mats, nonpigmented
mats, and bare sediments were significantly different and highly
correlated with bacterial assemblages. Neither bacterial nor ciliate
assemblages were correlated with environmental factors. The most
abundant ciliates at Guaymas were more likely to be represented in clone
libraries from other hydrothermal, deep-sea, and/or anoxic or
microaerophilic environments, supporting the hypothesis that these
ciliate species are broadly distributed. The orange mat environment
included a higher proportion of ciliate sequences that were more similar
to those from other environmental studies than to cultured ciliate
species, whereas clone libraries from bare sediments included sequences
that were the most highly divergent from all other sequences and may
represent species that are endemic to Guaymas.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000324094600001,
  author = {Coyne, Kathryn J and Countway, Peter D and Pilditch, Conrad A and Lee, Charles K and Caron, David A and Cary, Stephen C},
  title = {Diversity and Distributional Patterns of Ciliates in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Sediments},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {60},
  number = {5},
  pages = {433--447},
  doi = {10.1111/jeu.12051}
}
Himmler T, Haley BA, Torres ME, Klinkhammer GP, Bohrmann G and Peckmann J (2013), "Rare earth element geochemistry in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean", GEO-MARINE LETTERS., oct, 2013. Vol. 33(5), pp. 369-379.
Abstract: The concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), sulphate, hydrogen
sulphide, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and phosphate were
measured in shallow (textless 12 cm below seafloor) pore waters from cold-seep
sediments on the northern and southern summits of Hydrate Ridge,
offshore Oregon. Downward-decreasing sulphate and coevally increasing
sulphide concentrations reveal sulphate reduction as dominant early
diagenetic process from similar to 2 cm depth downwards. A strong
increase of total dissolved REE (aREE) concentrations is evident
immediately below the sediment-water interface, which can be related to
early diagenetic release of REEs into pore water resulting from the
re-mineralization of particulate organic matter. The highest pore water
aREE concentrations were measured close to the sediment-water interface
at similar to 2 cm depth. Distinct shale-normalized REE patterns point
to particulate organic matter and iron oxides as main REE sources in the
upper similar to 2-cm depth interval. In general, the pore waters have
shale-normalized patterns reflecting heavy REE (HREE) enrichment, which
suggests preferential complexation of HREEs with carbonate ions. Below
similar to 2 cm depth, a downward decrease in aREE correlates with a
decrease in pore water calcium concentrations. At this depth, the
anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulphate reduction
increases carbonate alkalinity through the production of bicarbonate,
which results in the precipitation of carbonate minerals. It seems
therefore likely that the REEs and calcium are consumed during vast
AOM-induced precipitation of carbonate in shallow Hydrate Ridge
sediments. The analysis of pore waters from Hydrate Ridge shed new light
on early diagenetic processes at cold seeps, corroborating the great
potential of REEs to identify geochemical processes and to constrain
environmental conditions.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000324619100004,
  author = {Himmler, Tobias and Haley, Brian A and Torres, Marta E and Klinkhammer, Gary P and Bohrmann, Gerhard and Peckmann, Joern},
  title = {Rare earth element geochemistry in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {GEO-MARINE LETTERS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {33},
  number = {5},
  pages = {369--379},
  doi = {10.1007/s00367-013-0334-2}
}
Eecke HCV, Akerman NH, Huber JA, Butterfield DA and Holden JF (2013), "Growth kinetics and energetics of a deep-sea hyperthermophilic methanogen under varying environmental conditions", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., oct, 2013. Vol. 5(5), pp. 665-671.
Abstract: A hyperthermophilic deep-sea methanogen, Methanocaldococcus strain
JH146, was isolated from 26 degrees C hydrothermal fluid at Axial
Volcano to model high temperature methanogenesis in the subseafloor.
Emphasis was placed on defining growth kinetics, cell yields and growth
energy demand (GE) across a range of conditions. The organism uses H-2
and CO2 as its sole carbon and energy sources. At various temperatures,
pHs, and chlorinities, its growth rates and cell yields co-varied while
GE remained uniform at 1.69x10(-11) J cell(-1)s(-1)+/- 0.68x10(-11) J
cell(-1)s(-1) (s.d., n=23). An exception was at superoptimal growth
temperatures where GE increased to 7.25x10(-11) J cell(-1)s(-1)
presumably due to heat shock. GE also increased from 5.1x10(-12) J
cell(-1)s(-1) to 7.61x10(-11) J cell(-1)s(-1) as NH4+ concentrations
decreased from 9.4mM to 0.14mM. JH146 did not fix N-2 or assimilate
NO3-, lacked the N-2-fixing (cluster II) nifH gene, and became nitrogen
limited below 0.14mM NH4Cl. Nitrogen availability may impact growth in
situ since ammonia concentrations at Axial Volcano are textless18M. Our
approach contributes to refining bioenergetic and carbon flux models for
methanogens and other organisms in hydrothermal vents and other
environments.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000325142700005,
  author = {Eecke, Helene C Ver and Akerman, Nancy H and Huber, Julie A and Butterfield, David A and Holden, James F},
  title = {Growth kinetics and energetics of a deep-sea hyperthermophilic methanogen under varying environmental conditions},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {665--671},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12065}
}
Perez-Rodriguez I, Bohnert KA, Cuebas M, Keddis R and Vetriani C (2013), "Detection and phylogenetic analysis of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) in pure cultures and microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY., nov, 2013. Vol. 86(2), pp. 256-267.
Abstract: Over the past few years the relevance of nitrate respiration in
microorganisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents has become evident. In
this study, we surveyed the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar)
encoding gene in three different deep-sea vent microbial communities
from the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Additionally, we
tested pure cultures of vent strains for their ability to reduce nitrate
and for the presence of the NarG-encoding gene in their genomes. By
using the narG gene as a diagnostic marker for nitrate-reducing
bacteria, we showed that nitrate reductases related to
Gammaproteobacteria of the genus Marinobacter were numerically prevalent
in the clone libraries derived from a black smoker and a diffuse flow
vent. In contrast, NarG sequences retrieved from a community of
filamentous bacteria located about 50cm above a diffuse flow vent
revealed the presence of a yet to be identified group of enzymes. 16S
rRNA gene-inferred community compositions, in accordance with previous
studies, showed a shift from Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria to
Epsilonproteobacteria as the vent fluids become warmer and more
reducing. Based on these findings, we argue that Nar-catalyzed nitrate
reduction is likely relevant in temperate and less reducing environments
where Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria are more abundant and where nitrate
concentrations reflect that of background deep seawater.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000325986500008,
  author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Bohnert, Kenneth A and Cuebas, Mariola and Keddis, Ramaydalis and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {Detection and phylogenetic analysis of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) in pure cultures and microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {86},
  number = {2},
  pages = {256--267},
  doi = {10.1111/1574-6941.12158}
}
McClinton T, White SM, Colman A and Sinton JM (2013), "Reconstructing lava flow emplacement processes at the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading Center, 95 degrees W and 92 degrees W", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., aug, 2013. Vol. 14(8), pp. 2731-2756.
Abstract: Volcanic eruptions at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) control the permeability,
internal structure, and architecture of oceanic crust, thus establishing
the foundation for the evolution of the ocean basins. To better
understand the emplacement of submarine lava flows at MORs, we have
integrated submersible-based geologic mapping with remote sensing
techniques to characterize the lava flow morphology within previously
mapped lava flow fields produced during single eruptive episodes at the
Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC). Detailed attributes describing the
surface geometry and texture of the lava flows have been extracted from
high-resolution sonar data and combined with georeferenced visual
observations from submersible dives and camera tows; based on signatures
contained in these data, a fuzzy logic-based classification algorithm
categorized lava flow morphology as pillows, lobates, or sheets. The
resulting digital thematic maps offer an unprecedented view of GSC lava
morphology, collectively covering 77 km(2) of ridge axis terrain at a
resolution of 2 m x 2 m. Error assessments with independent visual
reference data indicate approximately 90% agreement, comparable to
subaerial classification studies. The digital lava morphology maps
enable quantitative, spatially comprehensive measurements of the
abundance and distribution of lava morphologies over large areas of
seafloor and within individual eruptive units. A comparison of lava flow
fields mapped at lower- and higher-magma-supply settings (95 degrees and
92 degrees W, respectively) indicates that effusion rates increase along
with magma supply and independent of spreading rate at the GSC, although
a complete range of eruptive behavior exists at each setting.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000326242700011,
  author = {McClinton, Tim and White, Scott M and Colman, Alice and Sinton, John M},
  title = {Reconstructing lava flow emplacement processes at the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading Center, 95 degrees W and 92 degrees W},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2731--2756},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20157}
}
Hearn CK, Homola KL and Johnson HP (2013), "Surficial permeability of the axial valley seafloor: Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., sep, 2013. Vol. 14(9), pp. 3409-3424.
Abstract: Hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean spreading centers play a fundamental
role in Earth's geothermal budget. One underexamined facet of marine
hydrothermal systems is the role that permeability of the uppermost
seafloor veneer plays in the distribution of hydrothermal fluid. As both
the initial and final vertical gateway for subsurface fluid circulation,
uppermost seafloor permeability may influence the local spatial
distribution of hydrothermal flow. A method of deriving a photomosaic
from seafloor video was developed and utilized to estimate relative
surface permeability in an active hydrothermal area on the Endeavour
Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The mosaic resolves seafloor geology
of the axial valley seafloor at submeter resolution over an area greater
than 1 km(2). Results indicate that the valley walls and basal talus
slope are topographically rugged and unsedimented, providing minimal
resistance to fluid transmission. Elsewhere, the axial valley floor is
capped by an unbroken blanket of low-permeability sediment, resisting
fluid exchange with the subsurface reservoir. Active fluid emission
sites were restricted to the high-permeability zone at the base of the
western wall. A series of inactive fossil hydrothermal structures form a
linear trend along the western bounding wall, oriented orthogonal to the
spreading axis. High-temperature vent locations appear to have migrated
over 100 m along-ridge-strike over the decade between surveys. While
initially an expression of subsurface faulting, this spatial pattern
suggests that increases in seafloor permeability from sedimentation may
be at least a secondary contributing factor in regulating fluid flow
across the seafloor interface.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000326247700007,
  author = {Hearn, Casey K and Homola, Kira L and Johnson, H Paul},
  title = {Surficial permeability of the axial valley seafloor: Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {9},
  pages = {3409--3424},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20209}
}
Bates AE, Bird TJ, Robert K, Onthank KL, Quinn GP, Juniper SK and Lee RW (2013), "Activity and positioning of eurythermal hydrothermal vent sulphide worms in a variable thermal environment", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY., oct, 2013. Vol. 448, pp. 149-155.
Abstract: Here we investigate behavioral responses to fine-scale spatial and
temporal temperature gradients in a heat tolerant hydrothermal vent worm
(Paralvinella sulfincola). While this species has been a model organism
for understanding physiological adaptations to extreme environments,
lacking are corroborative in situ experiments and characterization of
temperature-related behaviors representing the lower thermal tolerance
range of this species. To address this knowledge gap, we first
quantified the upper thermal limit for this species using a rapid
heating protocol executed remotely on the seafloor. Second, we used a
combination of in situ observations and shipboard experiments to test
for temperature-dependent patterns in activity and behavior. We confirm
that P. sulfincola is remarkably eurythermal and demonstrates a thermal
niche breadth exceeding 45 degrees C. We further show that the activity
and positioning of worms relate to temperatures within its lower
preferred range (i.e., between 4 and 20 degrees C). Worms tended to
remain closer to their tube openings and held their branchial crown in a
consistent location when fluids were relatively warm. By contrast, when
fluids were cooler, both the distance worms were observed from their
tubes and positioning of their branchial crown were more variable. A
Bayesian hidden Markov model classified each worm at each time interval
as being in a high or low activity state according to the magnitude of
change in their orientation and how far they moved between successive
time lapse images. We found that the transition between active and
inactive states at any time period is related to fluid temperature. Our
observations indicate that the behavior of the worms is
temperature-dependent, which may in turn reflect temperature-related
variables such as the delivery of food particles, dissolved oxygen
concentration, or relative environmental variability. Our findings
demonstrate that this species can respond behaviorally to very
fine-scale environmental variability in a manner not simply predicted by
models of increasing activity with temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000326430500019,
  author = {Bates, Amanda E and Bird, Tomas J and Robert, Katleen and Onthank, Kirt L and Quinn, Gerry P and Juniper, S Kim and Lee, Raymond W},
  title = {Activity and positioning of eurythermal hydrothermal vent sulphide worms in a variable thermal environment},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {448},
  pages = {149--155},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2013.06.015}
}
MacGregor BJ, Biddle JF, Harbort C, Matthysse AG and Teske A (2013), "Sulfide oxidation, nitrate respiration, carbon acquisition, and electron transport pathways suggested by the draft genome of a single orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa (Cand. Maribeggiatoa) sp filament", MARINE GENOMICS., sep, 2013. Vol. 11, pp. 53-65.
Abstract: A near-complete draft genome has been obtained for a single vacuolated
orange Beggiatoa (Cand. Maribeggiatoa) filament from a Guaymas Basin
seafloor microbial mat, the third relatively complete sequence for the
Beggiatoaceae. Possible pathways for sulfide oxidation; nitrate
respiration; inorganic carbon fixation by both Type II RuBisCO and the
reductive tricarboxylic add cycle; acetate and possibly formate uptake;
and energy-generating electron transport via both oxidative
phosphorylation and the Rnf complex are discussed here. A role in
nitrite reduction is suggested for an abundant orange cytochrome
produced by the Guaymas strain; this has a possible homolog in Beggiatoa
(Cand. Isobeggiatoa) sp. PS, isolated from marine harbor sediment, but
not Beggiatoa alba B18LD, isolated from a freshwater rice field ditch.
Inferred phylogenies for the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and the
reductive (rTCA) and oxidative (TCA) tricarboxylic acid cycles suggest
that genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase and enzymes for
carboxylation and/or decarboxylation steps (including RuBisCO) may have
been introduced to (or exported from) one or more of the three genomes
by horizontal transfer, sometimes by different routes. Sequences from
the two marine strains are generally more similar to each other than to
sequences from the freshwater strain, except in the case of RuBisCO:
only the Guaymas strain encodes a Type H enzyme, which (where studied)
discriminates less against oxygen than do Type I RuBisCOs. Genes subject
to horizontal transfer may represent key steps for adaptation to factors
such as oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, organic carbon
availability, and environmental variability. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000326614000008,
  author = {MacGregor, Barbara J and Biddle, Jennifer F and Harbort, Christopher and Matthysse, Ann G and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Sulfide oxidation, nitrate respiration, carbon acquisition, and electron transport pathways suggested by the draft genome of a single orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa (Cand. Maribeggiatoa) sp filament},
  journal = {MARINE GENOMICS},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {53--65},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margen2013.08.001}
}
Sylvan JB, Sia TY, Haddad AG, Briscoe LJ, Toner BM, Girguis PR and Edwards KJ (2013), "Low temperature geomicrobiology follows host rock composition along a geochemical gradient in Lau Basin", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., mar, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: The East Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) comprise a
ridge segment in the southwest Pacific Ocean where rapid transitions in
the underlying mantle chemistry manifest themselves as gradients in
seafloor rock geochemistry. We studied the geology and microbial
diversity of three silicate rock samples and three inactive sulfide
chimney samples collected, from north to south, at the vent fields Kilo
Moana, ABE, Tui Malila, and Mariner. This is the first study of
microbial populations on basaltic andesite, which was sampled at Mariner
vent field. Silicate rock geochemistry exhibits clear latitudinal trends
that are mirrored by changes in bacterial community composition.
alpha-proteobacteria, epsilon-proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are most
common on a silicate collected from Kilo Moana and their proportions
decrease linearly on silicates collected further south. Conversely, a
silicate from Mariner vent field hosts high proportions of a unique
lineage of Chloroflexi unrelated (textless90% sequence similarity) to
previously recovered environmental clones or isolates, which decrease at
ABE and are absent at Kilo Moana. The exteriors of inactive sulfide
structures are dominated by lineages of sulfur oxidizing
alpha-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria, and epsilon-proteobacteria,
while the interior of one chimney is dominated by putative
sulfur-reducing delta-proteobacteria. A comparison of bacterial
communities on inactive sulfides from this and previous studies reveals
the presence of a clade of uncultured Bacteroidetes exclusive to
sulfidic environments, and a high degree of heterogeneity in bacterial
community composition from one sulfide structure to another. In light of
the heterogeneous nature of bacterial communities observed here and in
previous studies of both active and inactive hydrothermal sulfide
structures, the presence of numerous niches may be detected on these
structures in the future by finer scale sampling and analysis.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331005900001,
  author = {Sylvan, Jason B and Sia, Tiffany Y and Haddad, Amanda G and Briscoe, Lindsey J and Toner, Brandy M and Girguis, Peter R and Edwards, Katrina J},
  title = {Low temperature geomicrobiology follows host rock composition along a geochemical gradient in Lau Basin},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00061}
}
Adams MM, Hoarfrost AL, Bose A, Joye SB and Girguis PR (2013), "Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes in hydrothermal sediments: potential influences on sulfur cycling and microbial diversity", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., may, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: Short-chain alkanes play a substantial role in carbon and sulfur cycling
at hydrocarbon-rich environments globally, yet few studies have examined
the metabolism of ethane (C-2), propane (C-3), and butane (C-4) in
anoxic sediments in contrast to methane (C-1). In hydrothermal vent
systems, short-chain alkanes are formed over relatively short geological
time scales via thermogenic processes and often exist at high
concentrations. The sediment-covered hydrothermal vent systems at Middle
Valley (MV Juan de Fuca Ridge) are an ideal site for investigating the
anaerobic oxidation of C-1-C-4 alkanes, given the elevated temperatures
and dissolved hydrocarbon species characteristic of these metalliferous
sediments. We examined whether MV microbial communities oxidized C-1-C-4
alkanes under mesophilic to thermophilic sulfate-reducing conditions.
Here we present data from discrete temperature (25, 55, and 75 degrees
C) anaerobic batch reactor incubations of MV sediments supplemented with
individual alkanes. Co-registered alkane consumption and sulfate
reduction (SR) measurements provide clear evidence for C-1-C-4 alkane
oxidation linked to SR over time and across temperatures. In these
anaerobic batch reactor sediments, 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing
revealed that Deltaproteobacteria, particularly a novel sulfate-reducing
lineage, were the likely phylotypes mediating the oxidation of C-2-C-4
alkanes. Maximum C-1-C-4 alkane oxidation rates occurred at 55 degrees
C, which reflects the mid-core sediment temperature profile and
corroborates previous studies of rate maxima for the anaerobic oxidation
of methane (AOM). Of the alkanes investigated, C-3 was oxidized at the
highest rate over time, then C-4, C-2, and C-1, respectively. The
implications of these results are discussed with respect to the
potential competition between the anaerobic oxidation of C-2-C(4)alkanes
with AOM for available oxidants and the influence on the fate of C-1
derived from these hydrothermal systems.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331111400001,
  author = {Adams, Melissa M and Hoarfrost, Adrienne L and Bose, Arpita and Joye, Samantha B and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes in hydrothermal sediments: potential influences on sulfur cycling and microbial diversity},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00110}
}
He Y, Xiao X and Wang F (2013), "Metagenome reveals potential microbial degradation of hydrocarbon coupled with sulfate reduction in an oil-immersed chimney from Guaymas Basin", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jun, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys contain a high diversity of
microorganisms, yet the metabolic activity and the ecological functions
of the microbial communities remain largely unexplored. In this study, a
metagenomic approach was applied to characterize the metabolic potential
in a Guaymas hydrothermal vent chimney and to conduct comparative
genomic analysis among a variety of environments with sequenced
metagenomes. Complete clustering of functional gene categories with a
comparative metagenomic approach showed that this Guaymas chimney
metagenome was clustered most closely with a chimney metagenome from
Juan de Fuca. All chimney samples were enriched with genes involved in
recombination and repair, chemotaxis and flagellar assembly,
highlighting their roles in coping with the fluctuating extreme deep-sea
environments. A high proportion of transposases was observed in all the
metagenomes from deep-sea chimneys, supporting the previous hypothesis
that horizontal gene transfer may be common in the deep-sea vent chimney
biosphere. In the Guaymas chimney metagenome, thermophilic sulfate
reducing microorganisms including bacteria and archaea were found
predominant, and genes coding for the degradation of refractory organic
compounds such as cellulose, lipid, pullullan, as well as a few
hydrocarbons including toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene were
identified. Therefore, this oil-immersed chimney supported a
thermophilic microbial community capable of oxidizing a range of
hydrocarbons that served as electron donors for sulphate reduction under
anaerobic conditions.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331170400001,
  author = {He, Ying and Xiao, Xiang and Wang, Fengping},
  title = {Metagenome reveals potential microbial degradation of hydrocarbon coupled with sulfate reduction in an oil-immersed chimney from Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00148}
}
Akerman NH, Butterfield DA and Huber JA (2013), "Phylogenetic diversity and functional gene patterns of sulfur-oxidizing subseafloor Epsilonproteobacteria in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jul, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: Microorganisms throughout the dark ocean use reduced sulfur compounds
for chemolithoautotrophy. In many deep-sea hydrothermal vents, sulfide
oxidation is quantitatively the most important chemical energy source
for microbial metabolism both at and beneath the seafloor. In this
study, the presence and activity of vent endemic Epsilonproteobacteria
was examined in six low-temperature diffuse vents over a range of
geochemical gradients from Axial Seamount, a deep-sea volcano in the
Northeast Pacific. PCR primers were developed and applied to target the
sulfur oxidation soxB gene of Epsilonproteobacteria. soxB genes
belonging to the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum are both present and
expressed at most diffuse vent sites, but not in background seawater.
Although Sulfurovum-like sox8 genes were detected in all fluid samples,
the RNA profiles were nearly identical among the vents and suggest that
Sulfurirnonas-like species are the primary Epsilonproteobacteria
responsible for actively oxidizing sulfur via the Sox pathway at each
vent. Community patterns of subseafloor Epsdonproteobactena 16S rRNA
genes were best matched to methane concentrations in vent fluids, as
well as individual vent locations, indicating that both geochemistry and
geographical isolation play a role in structuring subseafloor microbial
populations. The data show that in the subseafloor at Axial Seamount,
Epsilonproteobacteria are expressing the soxB gene and that microbial
patterns in community distribution are linked to both vent location and
chemistry.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331246100002,
  author = {Akerman, Nancy H and Butterfield, David A and Huber, Julie A},
  title = {Phylogenetic diversity and functional gene patterns of sulfur-oxidizing subseafloor Epsilonproteobacteria in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00185}
}
Campbell BJ, Polson SW, Allen LZ, Williamson SJ, Lee CK, Wommack KE and Cary SC (2013), "Diffuse flow environments within basalt- and sediment-based hydrothermal vent ecosystems harbor specialized microbial communities", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jul, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents differ both in surface input and subsurface
geochemistry. The effects of these differences on their microbial
communities are not clear. Here, we investigated both alpha and beta
diversity of diffuse flow-associated microbial communities emanating
from vents at a basalt-based hydrothermal system along the East Pacific
Rise (EPR) and a sediment-based hydrothermal system, Guaymas Basin. Both
Bacteria and Archaea were targeted using high throughput 16S rRNA gene
pyrosequencing analyses. A unique aspect of this study was the use of a
universal set of 16S rRNA gene primers to characterize total and diffuse
flow-specific microbial communities from varied deep-sea hydrothermal
environments. Both surrounding seawater and diffuse flow water samples
contained large numbers of Marine Group I (MGI) Thaumarchaea and
Gammaproteobacteria taxa previously observed in deep-sea systems.
However, these taxa were geographically distinct and segregated
according to type of spreading center. Diffuse flow microbial community
profiles were highly differentiated. In particular, EPR dominant diffuse
flow taxa were most closely associated with chemolithoautotrophs, and
off axis water was dominated by heterotrophic-related taxa, whereas the
opposite was true for Guaymas Basin. The diversity and richness of
diffuse flow-specific microbial communities were strongly correlated to
the relative abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria, proximity to
macrofauna, and hydrothermal system type. Archaeal diversity was higher
than or equivalent to bacterial diversity in about one third of the
samples. Most diffuse flow-specific communities were dominated by OTUs
associated with Epsilonproteobacteria, but many of the Guaymas Basin
diffuse flow samples were dominated by either OTUs within the
Planctomycetes or hyperthermophilic Archaea. This study emphasizes the
unique microbial communities associated with geochemically and
geographically distinct hydrothermal diffuse flow environments.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331366100001,
  author = {Campbell, Barbara J and Polson, Shawn W and Allen, Lisa Zeigler and Williamson, Shannon J and Lee, Charles K and Wommack, K Eric and Cary, S Craig},
  title = {Diffuse flow environments within basalt- and sediment-based hydrothermal vent ecosystems harbor specialized microbial communities},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00182}
}
Meyer S, Wegener G, Lloyd KG, Teske A, Boetius A and Ramette A (2013), "Microbial habitat connec ivity across spatial scales and hydrothermal temperature gradients at Guaymas Basin", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., jul, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: The Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) hydrothermal vent area is known
as a dynamic and hydrothermally vented sedimentary system, where the
advection and production of a variety of different metabolic substrates
support a high microbial diversity and activity in the seafloor. The
main objective of our study was to explore the role of temperature and
other environmental factors on community diversity, such as the presence
of microbial mats and seafloor bathymetry within one hydrothermally
vented field of 200 x 250 m dimension. In this field, temperature
increased strongly with sediment depth reaching the known limit of life
within a few decimeters. Potential sulfate reduction rate as a key
community activity parameter was strongly affected by in situ
temperature and sediment depth, declining from high rates of 1-5 jimol
m1-1 d-1 at the surface to the detection limit below 5 cm sediment
depth, despite the presence of sulfate and hydrocarbons. Automated
Ribosomal lntergenic Spacer Analysis yielded a high-resolution
fingerprint of the dominant members of the bacterial community. Our
analyses showed strong temperature and sediment depth effects on
bacterial cell abundance and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) number,
both declining by more than one order of magnitude below the top 5 cm of
the sediment surface. Another fraction of the variation in diversity and
community structure was explained by differences in the local bathymetry
and spatial position within the vent field. Nevertheless, more than 80%
of all detected OTUs were shared among the different temperature realms
and sediment depths, after being classified as cold (T textless 10 C), medium
(10 C textless T textless 40 C) or hot (T textgreater 40 C) temperature conditions, with
significant OTU overlap with the richer surface communities. Overall,
this indicates a high connectivity of benthic bacterial habitats in this
dynamic and heterogeneous marine ecosystem influenced by strong
hydrothermalism.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331366700001,
  author = {Meyer, Stefanie and Wegener, Gunter and Lloyd, Karen G and Teske, Andreas and Boetius, Antje and Ramette, Alban},
  title = {Microbial habitat connec ivity across spatial scales and hydrothermal temperature gradients at Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00207}
}
Bose A, Rogers DR, Adams MM, Joye SB and Girguis PR (2013), "Geomicrobiological linkages between short-chain alkane consumption and sulfate reduction rates in seep sediments", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY., dec, 2013. Vol. 4
Abstract: Marine hydrocarbon seeps are ecosystems that are rich in methane, and,
in some cases, short-chain (C-2-C-5) and longer alkanes. C-2-C-4 alkanes
such as ethane, propane, and butane can be significant components of
seeping fluids. Some sulfate-reducing microbes oxidize short-chain
alkanes anaerobically, and may play an important role in both the
competition for sulfate and the local carbon budget. To better
understand the anaerobic oxidation of short-chain n-alkanes coupled with
sulfate-reduction, hydrocarbon-rich sediments from the Gulf of Mexico
(GoM) were amended with artificial, sulfate-replete seawater and one of
four n-alkanes (C-1-C-4) then incubated under strict anaerobic
conditions. Measured rates of alkane oxidation and sulfate reduction
closely follow stoichiometric predictions that assume the complete
oxidation of alkanes to CO2 (though other sinks for alkane carbon likely
exist). Changes in the delta C-13 of all the alkanes in the reactors
show enrichment over the course of the incubation, with the C-3 and C-4
incubations showing the greatest enrichment (4.4 and 4.5 parts per
thousand, respectively). The concurrent depletion in the delta C-13 of
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) implies a transfer of carbon from the
alkane to the DIC pool (-3.5 and -6.7 parts per thousand for C-3 and C-4
incubations, respectively). Microbial community analyses reveal that
certain members of the class Deltaproteobacteria are selectively
enriched as the incubations degrade C-1-C-4 alkanes. Phylogenetic
analyses indicate that distinct phylotypes are enriched in the ethane
reactors, while phylotypes in the propane and butane reactors align with
previously identified C-3-C-4 alkane-oxidizing sulfate-reducers. These
data further constrain the potential influence of alkane oxidation on
sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) in cold hydrocarbon-rich sediments,
provide insight into their contribution to local carbon cycling, and
illustrate the extent to which short-chain alkanes can serve as electron
donors and govern microbial community composition and density.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000331550900001,
  author = {Bose, Arpita and Rogers, Daniel R and Adams, Melissa M and Joye, Samantha B and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Geomicrobiological linkages between short-chain alkane consumption and sulfate reduction rates in seep sediments},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00386}
}
Jacobson A, Plouviez S, Thaler AD and Van Dover CL (2013), "Characterization of 9 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lamellibrachia sp 2, a tubeworm found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps", Conservation Genetics Resources., dec, 2013. Vol. 5(4), pp. 1005-1007.
Abstract: Lamellibrachia sp. 2 is a deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm found at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center and at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of Barbados. Nine selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species. Eight of these loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.14 to 0.92. Microsatellites developed for Lamellibrachia sp. 2 are being deployed to study connectivity and gene flow among populations of this species.
BibTeX:
@article{Jacobson2013,
  author = {Jacobson, A and Plouviez, S and Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Characterization of 9 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lamellibrachia sp 2, a tubeworm found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps},
  journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1005--1007},
  doi = {10.1007/s12686-013-9955-z}
}
Jacobson A, Plouviez S, Thaler AD and Van Dover CL (2013), "Characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Rimicaris hybisae, a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Conservation Genetics Resources., jun, 2013. Vol. 5(2), pp. 449-451.
Abstract: Rimicaris hybisae is a deep-sea alvinocaridid shrimp found at hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center. Eleven selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species and two additional loci were found to cross-amplify from a related species. Nine loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Seven loci cross-amplified with Chorocaris sp. 2, an alvinocaridid shrimp found at vents in the Southwestern Pacific. Microsatellite loci developed for R. hybisae are being deployed to study connectivity and genetic variability of populations along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center.
BibTeX:
@article{Jacobson2013a,
  author = {Jacobson, A and Plouviez, S and Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Rimicaris hybisae, a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {449--451},
  doi = {10.1007/s12686-012-9825-0}
}
Jamieson JW, Hannington MD, Clague DA, Kelley DS, Delaney JR, Holden JF, Tivey MK and Kimpe LE (2013), "Sulfide geochronology along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14(7), pp. 2084-2099.
Abstract: Forty-nine hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate rock samples from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeastern Pacific Ocean, were dated by measuring the decay of 226Ra (half-life of 1600 years) in hydrothermal barite to provide a history of hydrothermal venting at the site over the past 6000 years. This dating method is effective for samples ranging in age from ∼200 to 20,000 years old and effectively bridges an age gap between shorter- and longer-lived U-series dating techniques for hydrothermal deposits. Results show that hydrothermal venting at the active High Rise, Sasquatch, and Main Endeavour fields began at least 850, 1450, and 2300 years ago, respectively. Barite ages of other inactive deposits on the axial valley floor are between ∼1200 and ∼2200 years old, indicating past widespread hydrothermal venting outside of the currently active vent fields. Samples from the half-graben on the eastern slope of the axial valley range in age from ∼1700 to ∼2925 years, and a single sample from outside the axial valley, near the westernmost valley fault scarp is ∼5850 ± 205 years old. The spatial relationship between hydrothermal venting and normal faulting suggests a temporal relationship, with progressive younging of sulfide deposits from the edges of the axial valley toward the center of the rift. These relationships are consistent with the inward migration of normal faulting toward the center of the valley over time and a minimum age of onset of hydrothermal activity in this region of 5850 years.
BibTeX:
@article{Jamieson2013,
  author = {Jamieson, J W and Hannington, M D and Clague, D A and Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R and Holden, J F and Tivey, M K and Kimpe, L E},
  title = {Sulfide geochronology along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2084--2099},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20133}
}
Joseph C, Campbell KA, Torres ME, Martin RA, Pohlman JW, Riedel M and Rose K (2013), "Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from modern and paleoseeps on the Cascadia margin: Mechanisms of formation and diagenetic signals", Tracing Phanerozoic hydrocarbon seepage from local basins to the global Earth system. Vol. 390(0), pp. 52-67.
Abstract: Authigenic carbonate precipitation occurs within marine sediments where sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation occurs. Geochemical and isotopic analyses of authigenic carbonates are commonly used as indicators of carbon sources and environmental conditions present during carbonate formation, but burial diagenesis and recrystallization can overprint these signals. Plane polarized light (PPL) and cathodoluminescent (CL) petrography allows for detailed characterization of carbonate phases and their subsequent alteration. Petrographic, isotopic, and geochemical characteristics of modern offshore authigenic carbonates from central and northern Cascadia are compared with Oligocene–Pliocene fossil seep carbonates uplifted on the Olympic Peninsula. Coupled analyses show the value and complexity of separating primary vs. secondary signals with relevance to understanding fluid-burial history in methane seep provinces on tectonically active convergent margins. The modern, offshore, near-seafloor diagenetic environment (S. Hydrate Ridge and Barkley Canyon) is dominated by acicular and microcrystalline aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC, textgreater 12 mol % Mg). PPL and CL data illustrate that aragonite and HMC phases recrystallize to intermediate-Mg calcite (IMC, 5–12 mol% Mg) during burial and diagenesis and eventually to low-Mg calcite (LMC, 18O attributable to elevated fluid temperatures during recrystallization.
BibTeX:
@article{Joseph2013,
  author = {Joseph, C and Campbell, K A and Torres, M E and Martin, R A and Pohlman, J W and Riedel, M and Rose, K},
  title = {Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from modern and paleoseeps on the Cascadia margin: Mechanisms of formation and diagenetic signals},
  journal = {Tracing Phanerozoic hydrocarbon seepage from local basins to the global Earth system},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {390},
  number = {0},
  pages = {52--67},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018213000333},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.012}
}
Kinsey JC and German CR (2013), "Sustained volcanically-hosted venting at ultraslow ridges: Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Cayman Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 380(0), pp. 162-168.
Abstract: At slow spreading mid-ocean ridges sustained submarine venting and the deposition of large seafloor massive sulfide deposits have previously been ascribed to tectonically-controlled hydrothermal circulation unrelated to young volcanic activity. Here, by contrast, we show that the Piccard Hydrothermal Field (PHF), on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise, represents a site of sustained fluid flow and sulfide formation hosted in a neovolcanic setting. The lateral extent and apparent longevity associated with the PHF are comparable to some of the largest tectonically-hosted vent sites known along the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge. If such systems recur along all ultraslow ridges, which comprise ∼20% of the ∼55,000 km global ridge crest, potential implications would include (i) a higher probability of locating large, economically valuable, mineral deposits along ultraslow ridges together with (ii) larger fluxes than previously anticipated of chemicals released from high-temperature venting entering the oceans along the Atlantic–Indian Ocean sectors of the deep-ocean thermohaline conveyor.
BibTeX:
@article{Kinsey2013,
  author = {Kinsey, J C and German, C R},
  title = {Sustained volcanically-hosted venting at ultraslow ridges: Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Cayman Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {380},
  number = {0},
  pages = {162--168},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13004214},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.001}
}
Levin LA, Ziebis W, Mendoza G, Bertics VJ, Washington T, Gonzalez J, Thurber AR, Ebbe B and Lee RW (2013), "Ecological release and niche partitioning under stress:lessons from dorvilleid polychaetes in sulfidic sediments at methane seeps", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 92, pp. 214-233.
Abstract: Organisms inhabiting methane seep sediments are exposed to stress in the form of high levels of hydrogen sulfide, which result mainly from sulfate reduction coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation. Dorvilleidae (Polychaeta) have successfully invaded this ecosystem, and multiple species in divergent genetic clades co-occur at high densities. At methane seeps in the NE Pacific off California and Oregon, the genera Ophryotrocha, Parougia and Exallopus are especially well represented. To test the hypothesis that dorvilleid coexistence is facilitated by niche partitioning through sulfide tolerance and trophic patterns, we examined dorvilleid species-specific patterns of occurrence and nutrition at methane seeps off Eel R. [ER] on the Californian continental slope and at Hydrate Ridge [HR] on the Oregon continental slope, and in two habitats (clam bed and microbial mat) characterized by lower and higher hydrogen sulfide levels, respectively. Microelectrode measurements of hydrogen sulfide enabled characterization of environmental sulfide levels for species sampled in background sediment cores and in colonization trays. Dorvilleids tolerated H2S levels from 10 μM to over 2.6 mM, with the majority of species inhabiting sediments with similar environmental H2S concentrations (median 85–100 μM). Dorvilleid species richness was greater at HR than ER, but did not differ between clam bed and microbial mat habitats. Species distribution patterns reflected preferences for ER clam bed (lower sulfide levels), ER mat and HR clam bed (moderate sulfide levels), or HR mat (very high sulfide levels). Nutritional patterns, including trophic diversity and functional similarity, were examined using community stable isotope metrics based on δ15N and δ13C. Within each region, dorvilleid species exhibited multiple trophic strategies. Co-existing congeners typically exhibited distinct isotope signatures, suggesting trophic partitioning. Trophic diversity and δ15N range for whole assemblages (measured by Total Hull Area and Standard Elliptical Area using species averages) and functional redundancy or species packing (measured as distance to nearest neighbor) among species and individuals were generally higher at ER, where sulfide levels were lower than at HR. In contrast, average trophic diversity among individuals within a species was greater at HR than ER. In colonization experiments involving agar-based manipulations of sulfide in tray sediments that mimicked clam bed and mat conditions, dorvilleids comprised 68% and 48% of colonists at ER and HR, respectively. Dorvilleid species richness was higher in trays that were initially more sulfidic. However, habitat exerted stronger influence on the composition of colonizing dorvilleids than did sulfide additions. In the NE Pacific, regional, habitat and vertical (down-core) variation in hydrogen sulfide creates complex environmental heterogeneity at methane seeps, promoting high diversity of stress-tolerant taxa such as dorvilleid polychaetes.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2013,
  author = {Levin, L A and Ziebis, W and Mendoza, G and Bertics, V J and Washington, T and Gonzalez, J and Thurber, A R and Ebbe, B and Lee, R W},
  title = {Ecological release and niche partitioning under stress:lessons from dorvilleid polychaetes in sulfidic sediments at methane seeps},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {214--233},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000635},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.006}
}
Meyer JL, Akerman NH, Proskurowski G and Huber JA (2013), "Microbiological characterization of post-eruption “snowblower” vents at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 4, pp. 153.
Abstract: Microbial processes within the subseafloor can be examined during the ephemeral and uncommonly observed phenomena known as snowblower venting. Snowblowers are characterized by the large quantity of white floc that is expelled from the seafloor following mid-ocean ridge eruptions. During these eruptions, rapidly cooling lava entrains seawater and hydrothermal fluids enriched in geochemical reactants, creating a natural bioreactor that supports a subseafloor microbial “bloom.” Previous studies hypothesized that the eruption-associated floc was made by sulfide-oxidizing bacteria; however, the microbes involved were never identified. Here we present the first molecular analysis combined with microscopy of microbial communities in snowblower vents from samples collected shortly after the 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount, an active volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. We obtained fluid samples and white flocculent material from active snowblower vents as well as orange flocculent material found on top of newly formed lava flows. Both flocculent types revealed diverse cell types and particulates when examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Distinct archaeal and bacterial communities were detected in each sample type through Illumina tag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and through sequencing of the sulfide oxidation gene, soxB. In fluids and white floc, the dominant bacteria were sulfur-oxidizing Epsilonproteobacteria and the dominant archaea were thermophilic Methanococcales. In contrast, the dominant organisms in the orange floc were Gammaproteobacteria and Thaumarchaeota Marine Group I. In all samples, bacteria greatly outnumbered archaea. The presence of anaerobic methanogens and microaerobic Epsilonproteobacteria in snowblower communities provides evidence that these blooms are seeded by subseafloor microbes, rather than from microbes in bottom seawater. These eruptive events thus provide a unique opportunity to observe subseafloor microbial communities.
BibTeX:
@article{Meyer2013,
  author = {Meyer, J L and Akerman, N H and Proskurowski, G and Huber, J A},
  title = {Microbiological characterization of post-eruption “snowblower” vents at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {153},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00153}
}
Mills SW, Mullineaux LS, Beaulieu SE and Adams DK (2013), "Persistent effects of disturbance on larval patterns in the plankton after an eruption on the East Pacific Rise", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 491, pp. 67-76.
Abstract: To predict how benthic communities will respond to disturbance, it is necessary to understand how disturbance affects the planktonic larval supply available to recolonize the area. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) experience frequent local extinctions due to tectonic and magmatic events, but the effects on regional larval abundance and diversity are unknown. We had been monitoring larvae at 9°50'N on the EPR prior to the 2006 eruption and were able to resume collections shortly afterward. We found that many species that were common before the eruption became significantly less so afterward, whereas a few other species experienced a transient spike in abundance. Surprisingly, overall species richness in the plankton was high 9 mo after the eruption, but then decreased sharply after 1 yr and had not returned to pre-eruption levels after 2 yr. These results suggest that recovery from disturbance may continue to be affected by limited larval supply even several years after a disturbance event. This delay in recovery means that larvae of pioneer species may dominate potential colonists, even after benthic habitats have transitioned to conditions that favor later-successional species. Moreover, the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. mining) would be likely to cause more profound and long-lasting changes than either event alone. Our results indicate that we do not have sufficient data to predict the timing of recovery after disturbance in the deep sea, even in a well-studied vent system.
BibTeX:
@article{Mills2013,
  author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Beaulieu, S E and Adams, D K},
  title = {Persistent effects of disturbance on larval patterns in the plankton after an eruption on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {491},
  pages = {67--76},
  doi = {10.3354/meps10463}
}
Nye V, Copley J, Plouviez S and Van Dover CL (2013), "A new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom., may, 2013. Vol. 93(3), pp. 741-751.
Abstract: A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Lebbeus White, 1847 is described from the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF) on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea, at 2294 m water depth. Lebbeus virentova sp. nov. is defined and illustrated from seven specimens, with brief notes on its distribution and habitat. Molecular phylogenetic data from the COI mDNA region are used to analyse the species' phylogenetic position, and its morphology is compared with previously described species. This new species represents the second family of caridean shrimp to be reported from the VDVF. Lebbeus virentova sp. nov. is the eighth member of the genus to be described from hydrothermal vents and appears to be the first hippolytid shrimp at a vent field known from outside the Pacific Ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Nye2013,
  author = {Nye, Verity and Copley, J and Plouviez, S and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {A new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {93},
  number = {3},
  pages = {741--751},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315412000884}
}
Peterson RN, Viso RF, MacDonald IR and Joye SB (2013), "On the utility of radium isotopes as tracers of hydrocarbon discharge", Marine Chemistry. Vol. 156(SI), pp. 98-107.
Abstract: Natural seepage of hydrocarbons commonly occurs in the Gulf of Mexico and numerous other locations around the world's oceans. In-situ quantification of discharge and transport of these hydrocarbons through the water column is somewhat limited by a lack of available tracers. Here, we consider the utility of using radium isotopes, which are commonly enriched in formation fluids contained within hydrocarbon reservoirs, as tracers of hydrocarbons discharged into the deep ocean. During a cruise in November/December 2010 through the Gulf of Mexico, radium isotopes (224Ra and 226Ra) revealed anomalous concentrations in near-bottom samples associated with the presence of hydrocarbons at several sites where hydrocarbon seepage was known to occur and observed real-time via the human-occupied vehicle Alvin. These tracers also indicated the presence of near-bottom hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the Macondo wellhead where the Deepwater Horizon blowout occurred months earlier. These hydrocarbons are presumed to originate from nearby gas seeps later identified by water column sonar returns. The short half-life of 224Ra (3.66 days) suggests that anomalously high unsupported activities of this isotope must be derived from recent (days to weeks) discharge. Sampling at the sediment–water interface confirmed that the source of the water column radium isotope anomalies is likely benthic sources. These results suggest that radium isotopes may serve as useful tracers of hydrocarbons in such an environment, and we outline steps required to quantify discharge rates and transport time scales with these tracers.
BibTeX:
@article{Peterson2013,
  author = {Peterson, R N and Viso, R F and MacDonald, I R and Joye, S B},
  title = {On the utility of radium isotopes as tracers of hydrocarbon discharge},
  journal = {Marine Chemistry},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {156},
  number = {SI},
  pages = {98--107},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2013.02.008}
}
Reiswig HM and Stone RP (2013), "New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska", Zootaxa. Vol. 3628, pp. 1-64.
Abstract: Hexactinellida from deep-water communities of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, are described. They were mostly collected by the remotely operated vehicle 'Jason II' from 494–2311 m depths during a 2004 RV 'Roger Revelle' expedition, but one shallow-water species collected with a shrimp trawl from 155 m in the same area is included. The excellent condition of the ROV-collected specimens enabled valuable redescription of some species previously known only from badly damaged specimens. New taxa include one new genus and eight new species in five families. Farreidae consist of two new species, Farrea aleutiana and F. aspondyla. Euretidae consists of only Pinulasma fistulosum n. gen., n. sp. Tretodictyidae include only Tretodictyum amchitkensis n. sp. Euplectellidae consists of only the widespread species Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, reported here over 3,700 km from its closest previously known occurrence. The most diverse family, Rossellidae, consists of Aulosaccus ijimai (Schulze), Aulosaccus schulzei Ijima, Bathydorus sp. (young stage not determinable to species), Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., Acanthascus koltuni n. sp., Staurocalyptus psilosus n. sp., Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp. and Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze. We present argument for reinstatement of the abolished rossellid subfamily Acanthascinae and return of the subgenera Staurocalyptus Ijima and Rhabdocalyptus Schulze to their previous generic status. These fauna provides important complexity to the hard substrate communities that likely serve as nursery areas for the young stages of commercially important fish and crab species, refuge from predation for both young and adult stages, and also as a focal source of prey for juvenile and adult stages of those same species.
BibTeX:
@article{Reiswig2013,
  author = {Reiswig, H M and Stone, R P},
  title = {New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {3628},
  pages = {1--64},
  doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1}
}
Sen A, Becker EL, Podowski EL, Wickes LN, Ma S, Mullaugh KM, Hourdez S, Luther GW and Fisher CR (2013), "Distribution of mega fauna on sulfide edifices on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 72(0), pp. 48-60.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vent sulfide edifices contain some of the most extreme thermal and chemical conditions in which animals are able to live. As a result, sulfide edifices in the East Pacific Rise, Juan de Fuca Ridge, and Mid Atlantic Ridge vent systems often contain distinct faunal assemblages. In this study, we used high-resolution imagery and in-situ physico-chemical measurements within the context of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine community structure and niche differentiation of dominant fauna on sulfide edifices in the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) in the Western Pacific Ocean. Our results show that ELSC and VFR sulfide edifices host two distinct types of communities. One type, that covers the majority of sulfide edifice faces, is overall very similar to nearby lava communities and biomass is dominated by the same chemoautotrophic symbiont-containing molluscs that dominate lava communities, namely the provannid gastropods Alviniconcha spp. and Ifremeria nautilei and the mytilid bivalve Bathymodiolus brevior. The spatial distribution of the dominant molluscs is often a variation of the pattern of concentric rings observed on lavas, with Alviniconcha spp. at the tops of edifices where exposure to vent flow is the highest, and I. nautilei and B. brevior below. Our physico-chemical measurements indicate that because of rapid dispersion of vent fluid, habitable area for symbiont-containing fauna is quite limited on sulfide edifices, and the realized niches of the mollusc groups are narrower on sulfide edifices than on lavas. We suggest that competition plays an important role in determining the realized distributions of the mollusc groups on edifices. The other habitat, present in small patches of presumably hot, new anhydrite, is avoided by the dominant symbiont-containing molluscs and inhabited by crabs, shrimp and polynoids that are likely more heat tolerant. The ratio of sulfide concentration to temperature anomaly of vent fluids was significantly different between sulfide edifice sites and lava sites in the southern vent fields but not in the northern vent fields. We suggest that this is due to increased sulfide consumption by a large microbial consortium associated with the more friable andesitic lava substrates in the south.
BibTeX:
@article{Sen2013,
  author = {Sen, A and Becker, E L and Podowski, E L and Wickes, L N and Ma, S and Mullaugh, K M and Hourdez, S and Luther, G W and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Distribution of mega fauna on sulfide edifices on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {72},
  number = {0},
  pages = {48--60},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063712002233},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2012.11.003}
}
Tontini FC, de Ronde CEJ, Kinsey JC, Soule A, Yoerger D and Cocchi L (2013), "Geophysical modeling of collapse-prone zones at Rumble III seamount, southern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14(10), pp. 4667-4680.
Abstract: Catastrophic collapses of submarine volcanoes have the potential to generate major tsunami, threatening many coastal populations. Recognizing the difficulties surrounding anticipations of these events, quantitative assessment of collapse-prone regions based on detailed morphological, geological, and geophysical mapping can still provide important information about the hazards associated with these collapses. Rumble III is one of the shallowest, and largest, submarine volcanoes found along the Kermadec arc, and is both volcanically and hydrothermally active. Previous surveys have delineated major collapse features at Rumble III; based on time-lapse bathymetry, dramatic changes in the volcano morphology have been shown to have occurred over the interval 2007–2009. Furthermore, this volcano is located just ∼300 km from the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Here, we present a geophysical model for Rumble III that provides the locations and sizes of potential weak regions of this volcano. Shipborne and near-seafloor geological and geophysical data collected by the AUV Sentry are used to determine the subsurface distribution of weak and unstable volcanic rocks. The resulting model provides evidence for potentially unstable areas located in the Southeastern flank of this volcano which should be included in future hazard predictions.
BibTeX:
@article{Tontini2013,
  author = {Tontini, F C and de Ronde, C E J and Kinsey, J C and Soule, A and Yoerger, D and Cocchi, L},
  title = {Geophysical modeling of collapse-prone zones at Rumble III seamount, southern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {10},
  pages = {4667--4680},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20278},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20278}
}
Tucholke BE, Humphris SE and Dick HJB (2013), "Cemented mounds and hydrothermal sediments on the detachment surface at Kane Megamullion: A new manifestation of hydrothermal venting", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14, pp. 3352-3378.
Abstract: Long-lived detachment faults are now known to be important in tectonic evolution of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, and there is increasing evidence that fluid flow plays a critical role in development of detachment systems. Here we document a new manifestation of low-temperature hydrothermal venting associated with the detachment fault that formed Kane Megamullion ∼3.3–2.1 m.y. ago in the western rift-valley wall of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Hydrothermal effects on the detachment surface include (1) cemented mounds of igneous rock and chalk debris containing hydrothermal Mn oxides and Fe oxyhydroxides, and (2) layered deposits of similar Fe-Mn minerals ± interbedded chalks. Mounds are roughly conical, ∼1–10 m high, and contain primarily basalts with lesser gabbro, serpentinite, and polymict breccia. The layered Fe-Mn-rich sediments are flat-bedded to contorted and locally are buckled into low-relief linear or polygonal ridges. We propose that the mounds formed where hydrothermal fluids discharged through the detachment hanging wall near the active fault trace. Hydrothermal precipitates cemented hanging-wall debris and welded it to the footwall, and this debris persisted as mounds as the footwall was exhumed and surrounding unconsolidated material sloughed off the sloping detachment surface. Some of the layered Fe-Mn-rich deposits may have precipitated from fluids discharging from the hanging-wall vents, but they also precipitated from low-temperature fluids venting from the exposed footwall through overlying chalks. Observed natural disturbance and abnormally thin hydrogenous Fe-Mn crusts on some contorted, hydrothermal Fe-Mn-rich chalks on ∼2.7 Ma crust suggest diffuse venting that is geologically recent. Results of this study imply that there are significant fluid pathways through all parts of detachment systems and that low-temperature venting through fractured detachment footwalls may continue for several million years off-axis.
BibTeX:
@article{Tucholke2013,
  author = {Tucholke, B E and Humphris, S E and Dick, H J B},
  title = {Cemented mounds and hydrothermal sediments on the detachment surface at Kane Megamullion: A new manifestation of hydrothermal venting},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {3352--3378},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20186}
}
Tunnicliffe V, Tyler J and Dower JF (2013), "Population ecology of the tonguefish Symphurus thermophilus (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes; Cynoglossidae) at sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents on volcanoes of the northern Mariana Arc", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 92, pp. 172-182.
Abstract: Flatfish are a major component of the hydrothermal vent community on three seamounts of the northern Mariana Volcanic Arc in the northwest Pacific. Nikko, Kasuga-2 and Daikoku seamounts host vent fields between 375 and 480 m depth where high temperature vents release molten sulphur. The small cynoglossid tonguefish, Symphurus thermophilus Munroe and Hashimoto, is ubiquitous in all vent habitats observed on these seamounts: among extensive fields of tubeworms and mussels and on solid sulphur surfaces on Nikko; on sulphur-rich sediments and barnacle-covered boulders on Kasuga-2; and on recent sulphur flows and on broad areas of loose and semi-consolidated sediments on Daikoku. We recorded repeated forays by individuals onto flows of molten sulphur as these surfaces cooled. Based on observations using ROVs, the mean density is 90 fish/m2 with maximum counts over 200 fish/m2 on Daikoku sediments. Compared to collected tonguefish from Daikoku and Kasuga-2, those from Nikko have significantly greater lengths and, on average, six times the mass. Otolith data indicate upper ages of 13 years with Nikko tonguefish growing significantly faster. Diets of tonguefish on the three seamounts reflect the different habitats and prey availability; in Daikoku specimens, small crustaceans and polychaetes are most common while on Nikko, gut contents are predominantly larger shrimp. We made the unusual observation of stunned midwater fish falling to the seafloor near the vents where S. thermophilus immediately attacked them. This tonguefish has a wide diet range and foraging behaviour that likely influence the differing growth rates and sizes of fish inhabiting the different vent sites. Limited genetic data suggest that larval exchange probably occurs among sites where the common habitat factor is high levels of elemental sulphur forming hard and partly unconsolidated substrata. Here, in the northern range of the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument, S. thermophilus, despite having an unusually broad habitat association, may be restricted in its overall range to this region of isolated volcanoes with active hydrothermalism.
BibTeX:
@article{Tunnicliffe2013,
  author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Tyler, J and Dower, J F},
  title = {Population ecology of the tonguefish Symphurus thermophilus (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes; Cynoglossidae) at sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents on volcanoes of the northern Mariana Arc},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {172--182},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000465},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.026}
}
Wagner JKS, McEntee MH, Brothers LL, German CR, Kaiser CL, Yoerger DR and Van Dover CL (2013), "Cold-seep habitat mapping: High-resolution spatial characterization of the Blake Ridge Diapir seep field", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 92(SI), pp. 183-188.
Abstract: Relationships among seep community biomass, diversity, and physiographic controls such as underlying geology are not well understood. Previous efforts to constrain these relationships at the Blake Ridge Diapir were limited to observations from piloted deep-submergence vehicles. In August 2012, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry collected geophysical and photographic data over a 0.131 km2 area at the Blake Ridge Diapir seeps. A nested survey approach was used that began with a regional or reconnaissance-style survey using sub-bottom mapping systems to locate and identify seeps and underlying conduits. This survey was followed by AUV-mounted sidescan sonar and multibeam echosounder systems mapping on a mesoscale to characterize the seabed physiography. At the most detailed survey level, digital photographic imaging was used to resolve sub-meter characteristics of the biology. Four pockmarks (25–70 m diameter) were documented, each supporting chemosynthetic communities. Concentric zonation of mussels and clams suggests the influence of chemical gradients on megafaunal distribution. Data collection and analytical techniques used here yield high-resolution habitat maps that can serve as baselines to constrain temporal evolution of seafloor seeps, and to inform ecological niche modeling and resource management.
BibTeX:
@article{Wagner2013,
  author = {Wagner, J K S and McEntee, M H and Brothers, L L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Cold-seep habitat mapping: High-resolution spatial characterization of the Blake Ridge Diapir seep field},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {92},
  number = {SI},
  pages = {183--188},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.008}
}
Waters CL, Sims KWW, Klein EM, White SM, Reagan MK and Girard G (2013), "Sill to surface: Linking young off-axis volcanism with subsurface melt at the overlapping spreading center at 9°03′N East Pacific Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 369–370(0), pp. 59-70.
Abstract: No young, off-axis, mid-ocean ridge lavas have yet been directly linked to underlying off-axis melt bodies. In this study, we present new measurements of 238U–230Th–226Ra–210Pb isotope compositions for a suite of lavas from the overlapping spreading center (OSC) at 9°03′N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). These lavas span a large range of compositions, from basalt to dacite, and include both axial and off-axis samples recovered from a prominent, axis-parallel pillow ridge and a flat-topped seamount that overlie the westernmost extent of a 4-km-wide melt lens (Kent et al., 2000). We report 210Pb excesses in axial basalts and basaltic andesites, which we suggest results from gas-magma fractionation of 222Rn from 226Ra beneath dacite magmas. In addition, our U-series ages agree with visual observations, indicating that while most recent volcanic activity occurs at the spreading axis, active volcanism also occurs away from the axis. Specifically, the off-axis pillow ridge and seamount samples overlying the off-axis subsurface melt body have eruption ages of less than 8 ka, and likely as young as 1 ka, despite being located on crust that has a spreading age of ˜75 ka. The young ages of these lavas, combined with existing geological, geochemical and geophysical constraints, provide evidence for a genetic link between the pillow ridge and seamount lavas and the seismically imaged, underlying off-axis melt lens. This link demonstrates that off-axis volcanism does not necessarily come from a sub-axial magma body and can be sourced directly from off-axis magma bodies.
BibTeX:
@article{Waters2013,
  author = {Waters, C L and Sims, K W W and Klein, E M and White, S M and Reagan, M K and Girard, G},
  title = {Sill to surface: Linking young off-axis volcanism with subsurface melt at the overlapping spreading center at 9°03′N East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {369–370},
  number = {0},
  pages = {59--70},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13001209},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.006}
}
Yuecel M and Luther GW (2013), "Temporal trends in vent fluid iron and sulfide chemistry following the 2005/2006 eruption at East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ' N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 14(4), pp. 759-765.
Abstract: The chemistry of vent fluids that emanate to the seafloor undergoes dramatic changes after volcanic eruptions. Data on these changes are still limited, but the best studied example is the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50′N, where the temporal evolution of the vent fluid chemistry after the 1991/1992 eruption was documented. The area underwent another eruption sequence during late 2005/early 2006, and here we show that a similar evolution is recurring in the iron and sulfide contents of the high-temperature fluids sampled in June 2006, January 2007, and June 2008. The vents have had increasing dissolved iron and decreasing acid-volatile sulfide (free sulfide plus FeS) concentrations with 1 order of magnitude variation. In addition, chromium reducible sulfide (mainly pyrite) also had fivefold decreasing concentrations over the 3 years. Our results confirm a pattern that was noted only once before for 9°50′N EPR and emphasize the dramatic yearly variability in the concentrations of iron-sulfur species emanating from vents.
BibTeX:
@article{Yuecel2013,
  author = {Yuecel, M and Luther, G W},
  title = {Temporal trends in vent fluid iron and sulfide chemistry following the 2005/2006 eruption at East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ' N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {759--765},
  doi = {10.1002/ggge.20088}
}
Baker ET, Chadwick WW, Cowen JP, Dziak RP, Rubin KH and Fornari DJ (2012), "Hydrothermal Discharge During Submarine Eruptions THE IMPORTANCE OF DETECTION, RESPONSE, AND NEW TECHNOLOGY", Oceanography. ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA, mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1), pp. 128-141. OCEANOGRAPHY SOC.
Abstract: Submarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of heat, chemicals, and even microbes from the crust to the ocean, but the processes that control these transfers are poorly understood. The 1980s discovery that mid-ocean ridge eruptions are often associated with brief releases of immense volumes of hot fluids ("event plumes") spurred interest in methods for detecting the onset of eruptions or intrusions and for rapidly organizing seagoing response efforts. Since then, some 35 magmatic events have been recognized and responded to on mid-ocean ridges and at seamounts in both volcanic arc and intraplate settings. Field responses at mid-ocean ridges have found that event plumes occur over a wide range of eruption styles and sizes, and thus may be a common consequence of ridge eruptions. The source(s) of event plume fluids are still debated. Eruptions detected at ridges generally have high effusion rates and short durations (hours to days), whereas field responses at arc volcanic cones have found eruptions with very low effusion rates and durations on the scale of years. New approaches to the study of submarine magmatic events include the development of autonomous vehicles for detection and response, and the establishment of permanent seafloor observatories at likely future eruption sites.
BibTeX:
@article{Baker2012,
  author = {Baker, E T and Chadwick, W W and Cowen, J P and Dziak, R P and Rubin, K H and Fornari, D J},
  title = {Hydrothermal Discharge During Submarine Eruptions THE IMPORTANCE OF DETECTION, RESPONSE, AND NEW TECHNOLOGY},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {128--141},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.11}
}
Beinart RA, Sanders JG, Faure B, Sylva SP, Lee RW, Becker EL, Gartman A, Luther GW, Seewald JS, Fisher CR and Girguis PR (2012), "Evidence for the role of endosymbionts in regional-scale habitat partitioning by hydrothermal vent symbioses", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., nov, 2012. Vol. 109(47), pp. E3241-E3250.
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are populated by dense communities of animals that form symbiotic associations with chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. To date, our understanding of which factors govern the distribution of host/symbiont associations (or holobionts) in nature is limited, although host physiology often is invoked. In general, the role that symbionts play in habitat utilization by vent holobionts has not been thoroughly addressed. Here we present evidence for symbiont-influenced, regional-scale niche partitioning among symbiotic gastropods (genus Alviniconcha) in the Lau Basin. We extensively surveyed Alviniconcha holobionts from four vent fields using quantitative molecular approaches, coupled to characterization of high-temperature and diffuse vent-fluid composition using gastight samplers and in situ electrochemical analyses, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses exposed cryptic host and symbiont diversity, revealing three distinct host types and three different symbiont phylotypes (one ε-proteobacteria and two γ-proteobacteria) that formed specific associations with one another. Strikingly, we observed that holobionts with ε-proteobacterial symbionts were dominant at the northern fields, whereas holobionts with γ-proteobacterial symbionts were dominant in the southern fields. This pattern of distribution corresponds to differences in the vent geochemistry that result from deep subsurface geological and geothermal processes. We posit that the symbionts, likely through differences in chemolithoautotrophic metabolism, influence niche utilization among these holobionts. The data presented here represent evidence linking symbiont type to habitat partitioning among the chemosynthetic symbioses at hydrothermal vents and illustrate the coupling between subsurface geothermal processes and niche availability.
BibTeX:
@article{Beinart2012,
  author = {Beinart, R A and Sanders, J G and Faure, B and Sylva, S P and Lee, R W and Becker, E L and Gartman, A and Luther, G W and Seewald, J S and Fisher, C R and Girguis, P R},
  title = {Evidence for the role of endosymbionts in regional-scale habitat partitioning by hydrothermal vent symbioses},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {109},
  number = {47},
  pages = {E3241--E3250},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1202690109}
}
Bernardino AF, Levin LA, Thurber AR and Smith CR (2012), "Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls", PLoS ONE., apr, 2012. Vol. 7(4), pp. e33515. Public Library of Science.
Abstract: Sediments associated with hydrothermal venting, methane seepage and large organic falls such as whale, wood and plant detritus create deep-sea networks of soft-sediment habitats fueled, at least in part, by the oxidation of reduced chemicals. Biological studies at deep-sea vents, seeps and organic falls have looked at macrofaunal taxa, but there has yet to be a systematic comparison of the community-level attributes of sediment macrobenthos in various reducing ecosystems. Here we review key similarities and differences in the sediment-dwelling assemblages of each system with the goals of (1) generating a predictive framework for the exploration and study of newly identified reducing habitats, and (2) identifying taxa and communities that overlap across ecosystems. We show that deep-sea seep, vent and organic-fall sediments are highly heterogeneous. They sustain different geochemical and microbial processes that are reflected in a complex mosaic of habitats inhabited by a mixture of specialist (heterotrophic and symbiont-associated) and background fauna. Community-level comparisons reveal that vent, seep and organic-fall macrofauna are very distinct in terms of composition at the family level, although they share many dominant taxa among these highly sulphidic habitats. Stress gradients are good predictors of macrofaunal diversity at some sites, but habitat heterogeneity and facilitation often modify community structure. The biogeochemical differences across ecosystems and within habitats result in wide differences in organic utilization (i.e., food sources) and in the prevalence of chemosynthesis-derived nutrition. In the Pacific, vents, seeps and organic-falls exhibit distinct macrofaunal assemblages at broad-scales contributing to ß diversity. This has important implications for the conservation of reducing ecosystems, which face growing threats from human activities.
BibTeX:
@article{Bernardino2012,
  author = {Bernardino, A F and Levin, L A and Thurber, A R and Smith, C R},
  title = {Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {e33515},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033515},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0033515}
}
Brandl PA, Beier C, Regelous M, Abouchami W, Haase KM, Garbe-Schonberg D and Galer SJG (2012), "Volcanism on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise: Quantitative constraints on mantle heterogeneity and melting processes", Chemical Geology., feb, 2012. Vol. 298–299(0), pp. 41-56.
Abstract: We present major and trace element and Sr, Nd and triple-spike Pb isotope data for 17 fresh volcanic glasses from Seamount 6, a 10-km diameter seamount located 140 km east of the East Pacific Rise at 12°45′N. Geological and geochronological evidence show that magma compositions evolved from tholeiitic basalts to alkalic basalts and basaltic trachyandesites during the 1–2 Ma active lifetime of the seamount. Major and trace element compositions in Seamount 6 lavas vary systematically with isotope ratios; the youngest lavas with the highest incompatible trace element concentrations have the highest La/Yb, Nb/Zr, K2O/TiO2, 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb and the lowest 143Nd/144Nd, MgO and CaO. The range in element concentrations, incompatible element ratios, and isotope compositions in Seamount 6 lavas exceeds that observed in lavas erupted at the adjacent ridge axis, and is comparable to the range in lava compositions reported from all near-ridge seamounts studied to date. The observed range in lava compositions is consistent with mixing between enriched and depleted melts at shallow levels in the crust. The inferred difference in composition between these mixing endmembers cannot be explained by variable degrees of melting of a single source composition, and requires that the upper mantle is extremely heterogeneous on the scale of the melting region beneath a single seamount. We can show that the range in composition of EPR seamount lavas cannot be generated by melting of variably heterogeneous mantle in which enriched and depleted materials contribute equally to melting (source mixing). Instead, the trace element and isotope compositions of seamount lavas can be reproduced by melting models in which more enriched, fertile mantle lithologies are preferentially melted during mantle upwelling. At progressively lower degrees of melting, erupted lavas are thus more enriched in incompatible trace elements, have higher La/Yb, K/Ti, 87Sr/86Sr ratios and lower 143Nd/144Nd. If this is a common process, then mantle-derived magmas are unlikely to inherit the average incompatible trace element and isotope composition of their mantle source, which is likely to be significantly more depleted, nor will they display the full range of compositions present in the mantle melting region. These results have implications for the way in which oceanic basalts can be used to infer the composition of the upper mantle.
BibTeX:
@article{Brandl2012,
  author = {Brandl, P A and Beier, C and Regelous, M and Abouchami, W and Haase, K M and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Galer, S J G},
  title = {Volcanism on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise: Quantitative constraints on mantle heterogeneity and melting processes},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {298–299},
  number = {0},
  pages = {41--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.015}
}
Caress DW, Clague DA, Paduan JB, Martin JF, Dreyer BM, Chadwick WW, Denny A and Kelley DS (2012), "Repeat bathymetric surveys at 1-metre resolution of lava flows erupted at Axial Seamount in April 2011", Nature Geoscience. NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, jul, 2012. Vol. 5(7), pp. 483-488. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.
Abstract: At sites with frequent submarine volcanic activity, it is difficult to discern between new and pre-existing lava flows. In particular, the distribution of the fissures from which lava erupts, the routes taken by lava flows and the relationship between the new flows and the pre-existing seafloor bathymetry are often unclear. The volcanic and hydrothermal systems of Axial Seamount submarine volcano in the Pacific Ocean have been studied intensively since eruptions were detected in 1998 (refs 1, 2) and 2011 (ref. 3). Here we combine pre- and post-eruption bathymetric surveys3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, with 1-m lateral resolution and 0.2-m vertical precision, to precisely map the extent and thickness of the lava flows, calculate the volume of lava and unambiguously identify eruptive fissures from the April 2011 eruption. Where the new lava flows extend beyond the boundaries of the repeated surveys, we use shipboard multibeam surveys to map the flows with lower resolution. We show that the eruption produced both sheet and lobate flows associated with high eruption rates and low-eruption-rate pillow mounds. We find that lava flows erupted from new as well as existing fissures and tended to reoccupy existing flow channels. This reoccupation makes it difficult to map submarine flows produced during one eruption without before-and-after bathymetric surveys.
BibTeX:
@article{Caress2012,
  author = {Caress, D W and Clague, D A and Paduan, J B and Martin, J F and Dreyer, B M and Chadwick, W W and Denny, Alden and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Repeat bathymetric surveys at 1-metre resolution of lava flows erupted at Axial Seamount in April 2011},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {5},
  number = {7},
  pages = {483--488},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo1496}
}
Chadwick WW, Nooner SL, Butterfield DA and Lilley MD (2012), "Seafloor deformation and forecasts of the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount", Nature Geoscience. NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, jul, 2012. Vol. 5(7), pp. 474-477. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.
Abstract: Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located at the intersection between the Cobb hotspot and the Juan de Fuca spreading centre in the northeast Pacific Ocean1, 2. The volcano has been closely monitored since it erupted in 1998 (refs 3, 4). Since then, Axial Seamount seemed to exhibit a similar inflation–deflation cycle to basaltic volcanoes on land and, on that basis, was expected to erupt again sometime before 2014 or 2020 (refs 5, 6). In April 2011 Axial Seamount erupted. Here we report continuous measurements of ocean bottom pressure that document the deflation–inflation cycle of Axial Seamount between 1998 and 2011. We find that the volcano inflation rate, caused by the intrusion of magma, gradually increased in the months leading up to the 2011 eruption. Sudden uplift occurred 40–55 min before the eruption onset, which we interpret as a precursor event. Based on our measurements of ground deformation through the entire eruption cycle at Axial Seamount, we suggest that another eruption could occur as early as 2018. We propose that the long-term eruptive cycle of Axial Seamount could be more predictable compared with its subaerial counterparts because the volcano receives a relatively steady supply of magma through the Cobb hotspot and because it is located on thin oceanic crust at a spreading plate boundary.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2012,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Nooner, S L and Butterfield, D A and Lilley, M D},
  title = {Seafloor deformation and forecasts of the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {5},
  number = {7},
  pages = {474--477},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo1464}
}
Chadwick WW, Dziak RP, Haxel JH, Embley RW and Matsumoto H (2012), "Submarine landslide triggered by volcanic eruption recorded by in situ hydrophone", Geology. BOULDER; PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA, jan, 2012. Vol. 40(1), pp. 51-54. GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC.
Abstract: NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc that is notable as the site where underwater explosive eruptions were first witnessed in A.D. 2004. After years of continuous low-level eruptive activity, a major landslide occurred at NW Rota-1 in August 2009, triggered by an unusually large eruption that produced 10 times the acoustic energy of the background level of activity. An anomalous earthquake swarm preceded the eruption, suggesting that the sequence started with a magmatic intrusion and associated faulting beneath the volcano. We quantify the size and extent of the landslide using bathymetric resurveys and interpret the timing of events using data from an in situ hydrophone. This is the first instrumental documentation of an earthquake-eruption-landslide sequence at a submarine volcano, and illustrates the close interaction between magmatic activity and mass wasting events in the growth of undersea arc volcanoes.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2012a,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Dziak, R P and Haxel, J H and Embley, R W and Matsumoto, H},
  title = {Submarine landslide triggered by volcanic eruption recorded by in situ hydrophone},
  journal = {Geology},
  publisher = {GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--54},
  doi = {10.1130/G32495.1}
}
Colman A, Sinton JM, White SM, McClinton JT, Bowles JA, Rubin KH, Behn MD, Cushman B, Eason DE, Gregg TKP, Grönvold K, Hidalgo S, Howell J, Neill O and Russo C (2012), "Effects of variable magma supply on mid-ocean ridge eruptions: Constraints from mapped lava flow fields along the Galápagos Spreading Center", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 13(8), pp. Q08014.
Abstract: Mapping and sampling of 18 eruptive units in two study areas along the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) provide insight into how magma supply affects mid-ocean ridge (MOR) volcanic eruptions. The two study areas have similar spreading rates (53 versus 55 mm/yr), but differ by 30% in the time-averaged rate of magma supply (0.3 × 106 versus 0.4 × 106 m3/yr/km). Detailed geologic maps of each study area incorporate observations of flow contacts and sediment thickness, in addition to sample petrology, geomagnetic paleointensity, and inferences from high-resolution bathymetry data. At the lower-magma-supply study area, eruptions typically produce irregularly shaped clusters of pillow mounds with total eruptive volumes ranging from 0.09 to 1.3 km3. At the higher-magma-supply study area, lava morphologies characteristic of higher effusion rates are more common, eruptions typically occur along elongated fissures, and eruptive volumes are an order of magnitude smaller (0.002–0.13 km3). At this site, glass MgO contents (2.7–8.4 wt. %) and corresponding liquidus temperatures are lower on average, and more variable, than those at the lower-magma-supply study area (6.2–9.1 wt. % MgO). The differences in eruptive volume, lava temperature, morphology, and inferred eruption rates observed between the two areas along the GSC are similar to those that have previously been related to variable spreading rates on the global MOR system. Importantly, the documentation of multiple sequences of eruptions at each study area, representing hundreds to thousands of years, provides constraints on the variability in eruptive style at a given magma supply and spreading rate.
BibTeX:
@article{Colman2012,
  author = {Colman, A and Sinton, J M and White, S M and McClinton, J T and Bowles, J A and Rubin, K H and Behn, M D and Cushman, B and Eason, D E and Gregg, T K P and Grönvold, Karl and Hidalgo, S and Howell, J and Neill, O and Russo, Chris},
  title = {Effects of variable magma supply on mid-ocean ridge eruptions: Constraints from mapped lava flow fields along the Galápagos Spreading Center},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  number = {8},
  pages = {Q08014},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004163},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004163}
}
Connelly DP, Copley JT, Murton BJ, Stansfield K, Tyler PA, German CR, Van Dover CL, Amon D, Furlong M, Grindlay N, Hayman N, Huehnerbach V, Judge M, Le Bas T, McPhail S, Meier A, Nakamura KI, Nye V, Pebody M, Pedersen RB, Plouviez S, Sands C, Searle RC, Stevenson P, Taws S and Wilcox S (2012), "Hydrothermal vent fields and chemosynthetic biota on the world's deepest seafloor spreading centre", Nature Communications., jan, 2012. Vol. 3, pp. 620.
Abstract: The Mid-Cayman spreading centre is an ultraslow-spreading ridge in the Caribbean Sea. Its extreme depth and geographic isolation from other mid-ocean ridges offer insights into the effects of pressure on hydrothermal venting, and the biogeography of vent fauna. Here we report the discovery of two hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre. The Von Damm Vent Field is located on the upper slopes of an oceanic core complex at a depth of 2,300 m. High-temperature venting in this off-axis setting suggests that the global incidence of vent fields may be underestimated. At a depth of 4,960 m on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre axis, the Beebe Vent Field emits copper-enriched fluids and a buoyant plume that rises 1,100 m, consistent with textgreater400 degrees C venting from the world's deepest known hydrothermal system. At both sites, a new morphospecies of alvinocaridid shrimp dominates faunal assemblages, which exhibit similarities to those of Mid-Atlantic vents.
BibTeX:
@article{Connelly2012,
  author = {Connelly, D P and Copley, J T and Murton, B J and Stansfield, K and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Van Dover, C L and Amon, D and Furlong, M and Grindlay, N and Hayman, N and Huehnerbach, V and Judge, M and Le Bas, Tim and McPhail, S and Meier, A and Nakamura, K I and Nye, Verity and Pebody, M and Pedersen, R B and Plouviez, S and Sands, Carla and Searle, R C and Stevenson, P and Taws, Sarah and Wilcox, S},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent fields and chemosynthetic biota on the world's deepest seafloor spreading centre},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {620},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms1636}
}
Corbari L, Durand L, Cambon-Bonavita MA, Gaill F and Compère P (2012), "New digestive symbiosis in the hydrothermal vent amphipoda Ventiella sulfuris", Comptes Rendus Biologies. Vol. 335(2), pp. 142-154.
Abstract: Ventiella sulfuris Barnard and Ingram, 1990 is the most abundant amphipod species inhabiting the Eastern Pacific Rise (EPR 9°N) vent fields. This vent-endemic species is frequently encountered near colonies of Pompeii worms Alvinella pompejana. V. sulfuris specimens were collected during the oceanographic cruise LADDER II at the Bio9 (9°50.3′ N, 2508 m depth) hydrothermal vent site. Main objectives were to highlight the occurrence of bacterial symbiosis in V. sulfuris and to hypothesise their implications in nutrition. Observations in light and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) showed that the outer body surface and appendages are free of microorganisms. In contrast, the digestive system revealed two major microbial communities settled in the midgut and in the hindgut. Gut contents showed bacterial traces together with abundant fragments of Alvinellid cuticle and setae, from A. pompejana, suggesting that V. sulfuris could directly feed on Alvinellids and/or on their bacterial epibionts. Molecular analyses based on the 16S rRNA genes revealed the diversity of bacterial communities in the digestive system, of which, the Epsilonproteobacteria phylum, could be considered as one of the major bacterial group. Hypotheses were proposed on their symbiotic features and their implications in V. sulfuris nutrition.
BibTeX:
@article{Corbari2012,
  author = {Corbari, L and Durand, L and Cambon-Bonavita, M -A and Gaill, F and Compère, P},
  title = {New digestive symbiosis in the hydrothermal vent amphipoda Ventiella sulfuris},
  journal = {Comptes Rendus Biologies},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {335},
  number = {2},
  pages = {142--154},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2011.12.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.crvi.2011.12.005}
}
Cowen JP, Copson DA, Jolly J, Hsieh CC, Lin HT, Glazer BT and Wheat CG (2012), "Advanced instrument system for real-time and time-series microbial geochemical sampling of the deep (basaltic) crustal biosphere", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 61(0), pp. 43-56.
Abstract: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatories provide long-term access to hydrothermal fluids circulating within the basaltic crust (basement), providing invaluable opportunities to study the deep biosphere. We describe the design and application parameters of the GeoMICROBE instrumented sled, an autonomous sensor and fluid sampling system. The GeoMICROBE system couples with CORK fluid delivery lines to draw large volumes of fluids from crustal aquifers to the seafloor. These fluids pass a series of in-line sensors and an in situ filtration and collection system. GeoMICROBE's major components include a primary valve manifold system, a positive displacement primary pump, sensors (e.g., fluid flow rate, temperature, dissolved O2, electrochemistry-voltammetry analyzer), a 48-port in situ filtration and fluid collection system, computerized controller, seven 24 V–40 A batteries and wet-mateable (ODI) communications with submersibles. This constantly evolving system has been successfully connected to IODP Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Also described here is a mobile pumping system (MPS), which possesses many of the same components as the GeoMICROBE (e.g., pump, sensors, controller), but is directly powered and controlled in real time via submersible operations; the MPS has been employed repeatedly to collect pristine basement fluids for a variety of geochemical and microbial studies.
BibTeX:
@article{Cowen2012,
  author = {Cowen, J P and Copson, D A and Jolly, J and Hsieh, C -C and Lin, H -T and Glazer, B T and Wheat, C G},
  title = {Advanced instrument system for real-time and time-series microbial geochemical sampling of the deep (basaltic) crustal biosphere},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {61},
  number = {0},
  pages = {43--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.004}
}
Dziak RP, Haxel JH, Bohnenstiehl DR, Chadwick WW, Nooner SL, Fowler MJ, Matsumoto H and Butterfield DA (2012), "Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount", Nature Geoscience. NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, jul, 2012. Vol. 5(7), pp. 478-482. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.
Abstract: Volcanoes at spreading centres on land often exhibit seismicity and ground inflation months to years before an eruption, caused by a gradual influx of magma to the source reservoir1, 2, 3, 4. Deflation and seismicity can occur on time scales of hours to days, and result from the injection of magma into adjacent rift zones5, 6, 7, 8. Volcanoes at submarine rift zones, such as Axial Seamount in the northeast Pacific Ocean, have exhibited similar behaviour9, 10, 11, 12, but a direct link between seismicity, seafloor deformation and magma intrusion has never been demonstrated. Here we present recordings from ocean-bottom hydrophones and an established array of bottom-pressure recorders that reveal patterns of both microearthquakes and seafloor deformation at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, before it erupted in April 2011. Our observations show that the rate of seismicity increased steadily during a period of several years, leading up to an intrusion and eruption of magma that began on 6 April 2011. We also detected a sudden increase in seismo-acoustic energy about 2.6 h before the eruption began. Our data indicate that access to real-time seismic data, projected to be available in the near future, might facilitate short-term forecasting and provide sufficient lead-time to prepare in situ instrumentation before future intrusion and eruption events.
BibTeX:
@article{Dziak2012,
  author = {Dziak, R P and Haxel, J H and Bohnenstiehl, D R and Chadwick, W W and Nooner, S L and Fowler, M J and Matsumoto, H and Butterfield, D A},
  title = {Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {5},
  number = {7},
  pages = {478--482},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo1490}
}
Dziak RP, Baker ET, Shaw AM, Bohnenstiehl DR, Chadwick WW, Haxel JH, Matsumoto H and Walker SL (2012), "Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems., nov, 2012. Vol. 13(11), pp. Q0AF07.
Abstract: The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Mariana arc) to make calculations of explosive gas flux from a volcano into the ocean. Bursts of Strombolian explosive degassing at the volcano summit (520 m deep) occurred at 1–2 min intervals during the entire 12-month hydrophone record and commonly exhibited cyclic step-function changes between high and low intensity. Total gas flux calculated from the hydroacoustic record is 5.4 ± 0.6 Tg a−1, where the magmatic gases driving eruptions at NW Rota-1 are primarily H2O, SO2, and CO2. Instantaneous fluxes varied by a factor of ∼100 over the deployment. Using melt inclusion information to estimate the concentration of CO2 in the explosive gases as 6.9 ± 0.7 wt %, we calculate an annual CO2 eruption flux of 0.4 ± 0.1 Tg a−1. This result is within the range of measured CO2 fluxes at continuously erupting subaerial volcanoes, and represents ∼0.2–0.6% of the annual estimated output of CO2from all subaerial arc volcanoes, and ∼0.4–0.6% of the mid-ocean ridge flux. The multiyear eruptive history of NW Rota-1 demonstrates that submarine volcanoes can be significant and sustained sources of CO2 to the shallow ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Dziak2012a,
  author = {Dziak, R P and Baker, E T and Shaw, A M and Bohnenstiehl, D R and Chadwick, W W and Haxel, J H and Matsumoto, H and Walker, S L},
  title = {Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  number = {11},
  pages = {Q0AF07},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004211}
}
Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Bryce JG, Cowen JP, Ferrini V, Fundis A, Lilley MD, Luther GW, Mullineaux LS, Perfit MR, Meana-Prado MF, Rubin KH, Seyfried WE, Shank TM, Soule SA, Tolstoy M and White SM (2012), "The East Pacific Rise Between 9 degrees N and 10 degrees N: Twenty-Five Years of Integrated, Multidisciplinary Oceanic Spreading Center Studies", Oceanography. ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA, mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1), pp. 18-43. OCEANOGRAPHY SOC.
Abstract: The East Pacific Rise from ˜ 9–10°N is an archetype for a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge. In particular, the segment near 9°50'N has been the focus of multidisciplinary research for over two decades, making it one of the best-studied areas of the global ridge system. It is also one of only two sites along the global ridge where two historical volcanic eruptions have been observed. This volcanically active segment has thus offered unparalleled opportunities to investigate a range of complex interactions among magmatic, volcanic, hydrothermal, and biological processes associated with crustal accretion over a full magmatic cycle. At this 9°50'N site, comprehensive physical oceanographic measurements and modeling have also shed light on linkages between hydrodynamic transport of larvae and other materials and biological dynamics influenced by magmatic processes. Integrated results of high-resolution mapping, and both in situ and laboratory-based geophysical, oceanographic, geochemical, and biological observations and sampling, reveal how magmatic events perturb the hydrothermal system and the biological communities it hosts.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari2012,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Bryce, Julia G and Cowen, J P and Ferrini, Vicki and Fundis, A and Lilley, M D and Luther, G W and Mullineaux, L S and Perfit, M R and Meana-Prado, M F and Rubin, K H and Seyfried, W E and Shank, T M and Soule, S A and Tolstoy, M and White, S M},
  title = {The East Pacific Rise Between 9 degrees N and 10 degrees N: Twenty-Five Years of Integrated, Multidisciplinary Oceanic Spreading Center Studies},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18--43},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.02}
}
Gaudron SM, Lefebvre S, Jorge AN, Gaill F and Pradillon F (2012), "Spatial And Temporal Variations In Food Web Structure From Newly-Opened Habitat At Hydrothermal Vents", Marine Environmental Research. Vol. 77, pp. 129-140.
Abstract: To highlight the spatio-temporal variability of the food web structure of hydrothermal vent fauna from newly-opened habitat, a series of Titanium Ring for Alvinellid Colonization devices (TRACs) was deployed at TICA site on the East Pacific Rise in 2006. This experiment was conducted for periods of 4 days, 13 days and one month and deployments were aligned along a gradient from the basaltic bottom to the vent openings. δ13C values of colonists revealed a narrower range of carbon sources in proximity to vent openings in Alvinella pompejana habitat than in Tevnia jerichonana habitat, separated by a distance of four meters. This was possibly due to a spatial change in available food sources with a possible higher contribution of particulate organic matter (POM) to the siboglinid habitat compared to a higher contribution of microbial primary producers such as Epsilonproteobacteria in the alvinellid habitat. Temporal variability was also observed during experimentation in the form of a shift in either δ13C and/or δ15N values for A. pompejana, Lepetodrilus elevatus, dirivultid copepods and polynoid polychaetes within a one-month window showing first of all, fast tissues turnover and secondly, a possible switch in feeding strategy or food sources. Lepidonotopodium riftense and Branchinotogluma sandersi may have to alternate between detritivorous and predatory feeding strategies. In addition, through the analysis of stable isotope composition of A. pompejana and its episymbionts, we provided evidence that these attached bacteria formed part of the worms' diet during the course of these colonization experiments.
BibTeX:
@article{Gaudron2012,
  author = {Gaudron, S M and Lefebvre, S and Jorge, A N and Gaill, F and Pradillon, F},
  title = {Spatial And Temporal Variations In Food Web Structure From Newly-Opened Habitat At Hydrothermal Vents},
  journal = {Marine Environmental Research},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {129--140},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.03.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.03.005}
}
Guilini K, Levin LA and Vanreusel A (2012), "Cold seep and oxygen minimum zone associated sources of margin heterogeneity affect benthic assemblages, diversity and nutrition at the Cascadian margin (NE Pacific Ocean)", Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 96(0), pp. 77-92.
Abstract: Hydrate Ridge (HR), located on the northeastern Pacific margin off Oregon, is characterized by the presence of outcropping hydrates and active methane seepage. Additionally, permanent low oxygen conditions overlay the benthic realm. This study evaluated the relative influence of both seepage and oxygen minima as sources of habitat heterogeneity and potential stress-inducing features on the bathyal metazoan benthos (primarily nematodes) at three different seep and non-seep HR locations, exposed to decreasing bottom-water oxygen concentrations with increasing water depth. The nematode seep communities at HR exhibited low diversity with dominance of only one or two genera (Daptonema and Metadesmolaimus), elevated average individual biomass and δ13C evidence for strong dependance on chemosynthesis-derived carbon, resembling deep-sea seeps worldwide. Although the HR seep habitats harbored a distinct nematode community like in other known seep communities, they differed from deep-sea seeps in well-oxygenated waters based on that they shared the dominant genera with the surrounding non-seep sediments overlain by oxygen-deficient bottom water. The homogenizing effect of the oxygen minimum zone on the seep nematode assemblages and surrounding sediments was constant with increasing water depth and concomitant greater oxygen-deficiency, resulting in a loss of habitat heterogeneity.
BibTeX:
@article{Guilini2012,
  author = {Guilini, K and Levin, L A and Vanreusel, A},
  title = {Cold seep and oxygen minimum zone associated sources of margin heterogeneity affect benthic assemblages, diversity and nutrition at the Cascadian margin (NE Pacific Ocean)},
  journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {96},
  number = {0},
  pages = {77--92},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.10.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2011.10.003}
}
Flores GE, Wagner ID, Liu Y and Reysenbach A-L (2012), "Distribution, abundance, and diversity patterns of the thermoacidophilic ``deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeota 2''", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 3
Abstract: Cultivation-independent studies have shown that taxa belonging to the ``deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeota 2'' (DHVE2) lineage are widespread at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. While this lineage appears to be a common and important member of the microbial community at vent environments, relatively little is known about their overall distribution and phylogenetic diversity. In this study, we examined the distribution, relative abundance, co-occurrence patterns, and phylogenetic diversity of cultivable thermoacidophilic DHVE2 in deposits from globally distributed vent fields. Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays with primers specific for the DHVE2 and Archaea demonstrate the ubiquity of the DHVE2 at deep-sea vents and suggest that they are significant members of the archaeal communities of established vent deposit communities. Local similarity analysis of pyrosequencing data revealed that the distribution of the DHVE2 was positively correlated with 10 other Euryarchaeota phylotypes and negatively correlated with mostly Crenarchaeota phylotypes. Targeted cultivation efforts resulted in the isolation of 12 axenic strains from six different vent fields, expanding the cultivable diversity of this lineage to vents along the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Eleven of these isolates shared greater than 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with one another and the only described isolate of the DHVE2, Aciduliprofundum boonei T469(T). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of five protein-coding loci, atpA, EF-2, radA, rpoB, and secY, revealed clustering of isolates according to geographic region of isolation. Overall, this study increases our understanding of the distribution, abundance, and phylogenetic diversity of the DHVE2.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000208863600101,
  author = {Flores, Gilberto E and Wagner, Isaac D and Liu, Yitai and Reysenbach, Anna-Louise},
  title = {Distribution, abundance, and diversity patterns of the thermoacidophilic ``deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeota 2''},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {3},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00047}
}
Nigro LM, Harris K, Orcutt BN, Hyde A, Clayton-Luce S, Becker K and Teske A (2012), "Microbial communities at the borehole observatory on the Costa Rica Rift flank (Ocean Drilling Program Hole 896A)", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 3
Abstract: The microbiology of subsurface, hydrothermally influenced basaltic crust
flanking midocean ridges has remained understudied, due to the
difficulty in accessing the subsurface environment. The instrumented
boreholes resulting from scientific ocean drilling offer access to
samples of the formation fluids circulating through oceanic crust. We
analyzed the phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities of fluid
and microbial mat samples collected in situ from the observatory at
Ocean Drilling Program Hole 896A, drilled into similar to 6.5
million-year-old basaltic crust on the flank of the Costa Rica Rift in
the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences
recovered from borehole fluid and from a microbial mat coating the outer
surface of the fluid port revealed both unique and shared phylotypes.
The dominant bacterial clones from both samples were related to the
autotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing genus Thiomicrospira. Both samples yielded
diverse gamma- and alphaproteobacterial phylotypes, as well as members
of the Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia. Analysis of
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) genes (cbbL
and cbbM) from the sampling port mat and from the borehole fluid
demonstrated autotrophic carbon assimilation potential for in situ
microbial communities; most cbbL genes were related to those of the
sulfur-oxidizing genera Thioalkalivibrio and Thiomicrospira, and cbbM
genes were affiliated with uncultured phylotypes from hydrothermal vent
plumes and marine sediments. Several 16S rRNA gene phylotypes from the
896A observatory grouped with phylotypes recovered from seawater-exposed
basalts and sulfide deposits at inactive hydrothermal vents, but there
is little overlap with hydrothermally influenced basaltic boreholes
1026B and U1301A on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank, suggesting that
site-specific characteristics of Hole 896A (i.e., seawater mixing into
borehole fluids) affect the microbial community composition.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000208863600280,
  author = {Nigro, Lisa M and Harris, Kate and Orcutt, Beth N and Hyde, Andrew and Clayton-Luce, Samuel and Becker, Keir and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Microbial communities at the borehole observatory on the Costa Rica Rift flank (Ocean Drilling Program Hole 896A)},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {3},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00232}
}
Bowles MW, Nigro LM, Teske AP and Joye SB (2012), "Denitrification and environmental factors influencing nitrate removal in Guaymas Basin hydrothermally altered sediments", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 3
Abstract: We measured potential nitrate removal and denitrification rates in
hydrothermally altered sediments inhabited by Beggiatoa mats and
adjacent brown oil stained sediments from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of
California. Sediments with Beggiatoa maintained slightly higher rates of
potential denitrification than did brown sediments at 31.2 +/- 12.1
versus 21.9 +/- 1.4 mu M N day-1, respectively. In contrast, the nitrate
removal rates in brown sediments were higher than those observed in
mat-hosting sediments at 418 +/- 145 versus 174 +/- 74 mu M N day-1,
respectively. Additional experiments were conducted to assess the
responses of denitrifying communities to environmental factors [i.e.,
nitrate, sulfide, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration)].
The denitrifying community had a high affinity for nitrate (Km = 137 +/-
91 mu M N day-1), in comparison to other environmental communities of
denitrifiers, and was capable of high maximum rates of denitrification
(Vmax = 1164 +/- 153 mu M N day-1). The presence of sulfide resulted in
significantly lower denitrification rates. Microorganisms with the
potential to perform denitrification were assessed in these sediments
using the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ)
functional gene libraries. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library was
dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria (38%), some of which (e.g.,
Sulfurimonas sp.) have a potential for sulfide-dependent
denitrification. The nosZ clone library did not contain clones similar
to pure culture denitrifiers; these clones were most closely associated
with environmental clones.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000208863600378,
  author = {Bowles, Marshall W and Nigro, Lisa M and Teske, Andreas P and Joye, Samantha B},
  title = {Denitrification and environmental factors influencing nitrate removal in Guaymas Basin hydrothermally altered sediments},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {3},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00377}
}
Scott KM, Boller AJ, Dobrinski KP and Le Bris N (2012), "Response of hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila to differences in habitat chemistry", MARINE BIOLOGY., feb, 2012. Vol. 159(2), pp. 435-442.
Abstract: Vestimentiferan tubeworms, which rely on intracellular sulfide-oxidizing
autotrophic bacteria for organic carbon, flourish at deep-sea
hydrothermal vents despite the erratic nature of their habitat. To
assess the degree to which differences in habitat chemistry (sulfide,
pH/CO(2)) might impact host and symbiont metabolic activity, Riftia
pachyptila tubeworms were collected from habitats with low (H(2)S textless
0.0001 mM) and high (up to 0.7 mM) sulfide concentrations. The elemental
sulfur content of the symbiont-containing trophosome organ was lower in
specimens collected from the low-sulfide site. Symbiont abundance,
RubisCO activity, and trophosome carbon fixation rates were not
significantly different for individuals collected from low- versus
high-sulfide habitats. Carbonic anhydrase activities were higher in the
anterior gas exchange organs of R. pachyptila from the low-sulfide
habitat. Despite large differences in habitat chemistry, symbiont
abundance and autotrophic potential were consistent, while the host
appears to tailor carbonic anhydrase activity to environmental CO(2)
availability.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000299199000017,
  author = {Scott, Kathleen M and Boller, Amanda J and Dobrinski, Kimberly P and Le Bris, Nadine},
  title = {Response of hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila to differences in habitat chemistry},
  journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {159},
  number = {2},
  pages = {435--442},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-011-1821-5}
}
Voight JR (2012), "Meristic variation in males of the hydrothermal vent octopus, Muusoctopus hydrothermalis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)", JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM., mar, 2012. Vol. 92(2), pp. 361-366.
Abstract: Intraspecific variation in characters such as arm sucker and gill
lamellae counts in octopodids is yet to be thoroughly investigated,
potentially hampering our ability to recognize species. In this study,
data from 13 specimens of Muusoctopus hydrothermalis collected at four
hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise between 8 degrees 38'N and
12 degrees 48'N are considered. Although the northern and southern
octopuses differ minimally in size, mean sucker count by arm in the
northern group is 11.7 to 22.8% higher than it is in the southern
group; in addition these octopuses typically have an additional gill
lamella and bulkier funnel organs. The arms of each individual carry a
different number of suckers. The difference is significant on
nonadjacent arms, a pattern that merits examination in a broader
taxonomic context. Why these differences exist among conspecifics
remains unknown, the incidence of parasitic copepods is not different
between the groups and the between-group variation in arm suckers seen
here compares well with a previous report of variation among 18
specimens from the type locality. Increases in meristic characters
(counts) in fish are attributed to lower temperatures during embryonic
development following Jordan's rule. Northern and southern vents offer
the octopuses a wide temperature range, but vent fluid chemistry
differs. Northern vent fluids may be more toxic; if so, developing
octopus embryos may survive only minimal vent fluid exposure and
therefore develop at low temperatures. At the less toxic southern vents,
eggs may survive greater exposure to vent fluids and thus develop at
higher temperatures.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000299931800014,
  author = {Voight, Janet R},
  title = {Meristic variation in males of the hydrothermal vent octopus, Muusoctopus hydrothermalis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {92},
  number = {2},
  pages = {361--366},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315411000993}
}
Bourbonnais A, Lehmann MF, Butterfield DA and Juniper SK (2012), "Subseafloor nitrogen transformations in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge evidenced by the isotopic composition of nitrate and ammonium", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., feb, 2012. Vol. 13
Abstract: Little is known about dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) transformations in hydrothermal vent (HV) fluids. Here, we present the first isotopic measurements of nitrate (delta N-15 and delta O-18) and ammonium (delta N-15) from three HV fields on the Juan de Fuca ridge (NE-Pacific). The dominant process that drives DIN concentration variations in low-T diffuse fluids is water mass mixing below the seafloor, with no effect on the DIN isotope ratios. Strong inter-site variations in the concentration and delta N-15 of NH4+ in high-T fluids suggest different subsurface nitrogen (N) sources (deep-sea nitrate versus organic sediments) for hydrothermally discharged ammonium. Low NH4+ community N isotope effects (textless3 parts per thousand) for net NH4+ consumption suggest an important contribution from gross ammonium regeneration in low-T fluids. Elevation of HV nitrate N-15/N-14 and O-18/O-16 over deep-sea mean isotope values at some sites, concomitant with decreased nitrate concentrations, indicate assimilatory or dissimilatory nitrate consumption by bacteria in the subsurface, with relatively low community N isotope effects ((15)epsilon(k) textless 3 parts per thousand). The low N isotope effects suggest that nitrate assimilation or denitrification occur in bacterial mats, and/or in situ production of low delta N-15 nitrate. A significantly stronger relative increase for nitrate delta O-18 than for delta N-15 was observed at many sites, resulting in marked deviations from the 1:1 relationship for nitrate delta N-15 versus delta O-18 that is expected for nitrate reduction in marine settings. Simple box-model calculation show that the observed un-coupling of N and O nitrate isotope ratios is consistent with nitrate regeneration by either nitrite reoxidation and/or partial nitrification of hydrothermal ammonium (possibly originating from N-2 fixation). Our isotope data confirm the role of subsurface microbial communities in modulating hydrothermal fluxes to the deep ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000299990700001,
  author = {Bourbonnais, Annie and Lehmann, Moritz F and Butterfield, David A and Juniper, S Kim},
  title = {Subseafloor nitrogen transformations in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge evidenced by the isotopic composition of nitrate and ammonium},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003863}
}
Hautala S, Johnson HP, Pruis M, Garcia-Berdeal I and Bjorklund T (2012), "Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Plumes in the Near-Bottom Boundary Layer at Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", OCEANOGRAPHY., mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1, SI), pp. 192-195.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000301095200020,
  author = {Hautala, Susan and Johnson, H Paul and Pruis, Matthew and Garcia-Berdeal, Irene and Bjorklund, Tor},
  title = {Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Plumes in the Near-Bottom Boundary Layer at Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1, SI},
  pages = {192--195}
}
Girguis PR and Holden JF (2012), "On the Potential for Bioenergy and Biofuels from Hydrothermal Vent Microbes", OCEANOGRAPHY., mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1, SI), pp. 213-217.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000301095200023,
  author = {Girguis, Peter R and Holden, James F},
  title = {On the Potential for Bioenergy and Biofuels from Hydrothermal Vent Microbes},
  journal = {OCEANOGRAPHY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1, SI},
  pages = {213--217}
}
Gardebrecht A, Markert S, Sievert SM, Felbeck H, Thuermer A, Albrecht D, Wollherr A, Kabisch J, Le Bris N, Lehmann R, Daniel R, Liesegang H, Hecker M and Schweder T (2012), "Physiological homogeneity among the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana revealed by proteogenomics", ISME JOURNAL., apr, 2012. Vol. 6(4), pp. 766-776.
Abstract: The two closely related deep-sea tubeworms Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia
jerichonana both rely exclusively on a single species of
sulfide-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria for their nutrition. They do,
however, thrive in markedly different geochemical conditions. A detailed
proteogenomic comparison of the endosymbionts coupled with an in situ
characterization of the geochemical environment was performed to
investigate their roles and expression profiles in the two respective
hosts. The metagenomes indicated that the endosymbionts are
genotypically highly homogeneous. Gene sequences coding for enzymes of
selected key metabolic functions were found to be 99.9% identical. On
the proteomic level, the symbionts showed very consistent metabolic
profiles, despite distinctly different geochemical conditions at the
plume level of the respective hosts. Only a few minor variations were
observed in the expression of symbiont enzymes involved in sulfur
metabolism, carbon fixation and in the response to oxidative stress.
Although these changes correspond to the prevailing environmental
situation experienced by each host, our data strongly suggest that the
two tubeworm species are able to effectively attenuate differences in
habitat conditions, and thus to provide their symbionts with similar
micro-environments. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 766-776; doi:
10.1038/ismej.2011.137; published online 20 October 2011
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000301945500007,
  author = {Gardebrecht, Antje and Markert, Stephanie and Sievert, Stefan M and Felbeck, Horst and Thuermer, Andrea and Albrecht, Dirk and Wollherr, Antje and Kabisch, Johannes and Le Bris, Nadine and Lehmann, Ruediger and Daniel, Rolf and Liesegang, Heiko and Hecker, Michael and Schweder, Thomas},
  title = {Physiological homogeneity among the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana revealed by proteogenomics},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {766--776},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.137}
}
Biddle JF, Cardman Z, Mendlovitz H, Albert DB, Lloyd KG, Boetius A and Teske A (2012), "Anaerobic oxidation of methane at different temperature regimes in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments", ISME JOURNAL., may, 2012. Vol. 6(5), pp. 1018-1031.
Abstract: Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) was investigated in hydrothermal
sediments of Guaymas Basin based on delta C-13 signatures of CH4,
dissolved inorganic carbon and porewater concentration profiles of CH4
and sulfate. Cool, warm and hot in-situ temperature regimes (15-20
degrees C, 30-35 degrees C and 70-95 degrees C) were selected from
hydrothermal locations in Guaymas Basin to compare AOM geochemistry and
16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mcrA and dsrAB genes of the microbial
communities. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the cool and hot AOM
cores yielded similar archaeal types such as Miscellaneous
Crenarchaeotal Group, Thermoproteales and anaerobic methane-oxidizing
archaea (ANME)-1; some of the ANME-1 archaea formed a separate 16S rRNA
lineage that at present seems to be limited to Guaymas Basin. Congruent
results were obtained by mcrA gene analysis. The warm AOM core,
chemically distinct by lower porewater sulfide concentrations, hosted a
different archaeal community dominated by the two deep subsurface
archaeal lineages Marine Benthic Group D and Marine Benthic Group B, and
by members of the Methanosarcinales including ANME-2 archaea. This
distinct composition of the methane-cycling archaeal community in the
warm AOM core was confirmed by mcrA gene analysis. Functional genes of
sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, dsrAB, showed more overlap
between all cores, regardless of the core temperature. 16S rRNA gene
clone libraries with Euryarchaeota-specific primers detected members of
the Archaeoglobus clade in the cool and hot cores. A V6-tag
high-throughput sequencing survey generally supported the clone library
results while providing high-resolution detail on archaeal and bacterial
community structure. These results indicate that AOM and the responsible
archaeal communities persist over a wide temperature range. The ISME
Journal (2012) 6, 1018-1031; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.164; published
online 17 November 2011
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000302950700011,
  author = {Biddle, Jennifer F and Cardman, Zena and Mendlovitz, Howard and Albert, Daniel B and Lloyd, Karen G and Boetius, Antje and Teske, Andreas},
  title = {Anaerobic oxidation of methane at different temperature regimes in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1018--1031},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.164}
}
Kirchner TM and Gillis KM (2012), "Mineralogical and strontium isotopic record of hydrothermal processes in the lower ocean crust at and near the East Pacific Rise", CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY., jul, 2012. Vol. 164(1), pp. 123-141.
Abstract: Tectonic exposures of upper plutonics (textgreater 800 m) that are part of a
contiguous section of young East Pacific Rise (EPR) crust at the Hess
Deep Rift provide the first regional-scale constraints on hydrothermal
processes in the upper plutonic crust formed at a fast-spreading ridge.
Submersible-collected samples recovered over a 4-km-wide region show
that the sheeted dike complex is largely underlain by a 150- to
200-m-thick gabbro unit, followed by a more primitive gabbronorite unit.
Gabbroic samples are variably altered by pervasive fluid flow along
fracture networks to amphibole-dominated assemblages. The gabbroic rocks
are significantly less altered (average 11% hydrous phases) than the
overlying sheeted dike complex (average 24%), and the percentage of
hydrous alteration diminishes with depth. Incipient, pervasive fluid
flow occurred at amphibolite facies conditions (average 720A degrees C),
with slightly higher temperatures in the lower 500 m of the section. The
extent of subsequent lower-temperature alteration is generally low and
regionally variable. The gabbroic samples are slightly elevated in
Sr-87/Sr-86 relative to fresh rock values (0.7024) and less enriched
than the overlying sheeted dike complex. Sr-87/Sr-86 for the pervasively
altered gabbroic samples ranges from 0.70244 to 0.70273 (mean 0.70257),
tonalites is 0.7038, and pyroxene hornfels ranges from 0.70259 to
0.70271. Sr-87/Sr-86 does not vary with depth, and there is a strong
positive correlation with the percentage of hydrous phases. Strontium
contents of igneous and hydrothermal minerals, combined with bulk rock
Sr-87/Sr-86, indicate that Sr-isotopic exchange is largely controlled by
the uptake of fluid Sr-87/Sr-86 in hydrous minerals and does not require
Sr gain or loss. The minimum, time-integrated fluid-rock ratio for the
sheeted dike complex and upper plutonics is 0.55-0.66, and the fluid
flux calculated by mass balance is similar to 2.1 to 2.5 x 10(6) kg
m(-2), 30-60% higher than fluid fluxes calculated in the same manner
for sheeted dike complexes on their own at Hess and Pito Deeps, and
Ocean Drilling Program Hole 504B. Alteration patterns within the upper
plutonics evolved in response to axial magma chamber (AMC) dynamics at
the EPR, such that magma replenishment led to assimilation and thermal
metamorphism of the country rock, and the position of the hydrothermal
root-zone tracked the vertical migration of the AMC. The freshness of
the lowermost gabbroic rocks suggests that pervasive fluid flow does not
lead to significant fluid and heat fluxes at and near fast-spreading
ridges.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000305233800008,
  author = {Kirchner, Timo M and Gillis, Kathryn M},
  title = {Mineralogical and strontium isotopic record of hydrothermal processes in the lower ocean crust at and near the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {164},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--141},
  doi = {10.1007/s00410-012-0729-5}
}
Flores GE, Hunter RC, Liu Y, Mets A, Schouten S and Reysenbach A-L (2012), "Hippea jasoniae sp nov and Hippea alviniae sp nov., thermoacidophilic members of the class Deltaproteobacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., jun, 2012. Vol. 62(6), pp. 1252-1258.
Abstract: Thirteen novel, obligately anaerobic, thermoacidophilic bacteria were isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites. Four of the strains, designated EP5-r(T), KM1, Mar08-272r(T) and Mar08-368r, were selected for metabolic and physiological characterization. With the exception of strain EP5-r(T), all strains were short rods that grew between 40 and 72 degrees C, with optimal growth at 60-65 degrees C. Strain EP5-r(T) was more ovoid in shape and grew between 45 and 75 degrees C, with optimum growth at 60 degrees C. The pH range for growth of all the isolates was between pH 3.5 and 5.5 (optimum pH 4.5 to 5.0). Strain Mar08-272r(T) could only grow up to pH 5.0. Elemental sulfur was required for heterotrophic growth on acetate, succinate, Casamino acids and yeast extract. Strains EP5-r(T), Mar08-272r(T) and Mar08-368r could also use fumarate, while strains EP5-r(T), KM1 and Mar08-272r(T) could also use propionate. All isolates were able to grow chemolithotrophically on H-2, CO2, sulfur and vitamins. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed all isolates within the family Desulfurellaceae of the class Deltaproteobacteria, with the closest cultured relative being Hippea maritima MH2T (similar to 95-98% gene sequence similarity). Phylogenetic analysis also identified several isolates with at least one intervening sequence within the 16S rRNA gene. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains EP5-r(T), KM1, Mar08-272r(T) and Mar08-368r were 37.1, 42.0, 35.6 and 37.9 mol%, respectively. The new isolates differed most significantly from H. maritima MH2T in their phylogenetic placement and in that they were obligate thermoacidophiles. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, the following two novel species are proposed: Hippea jasoniae sp. nov. (type strain Mar08-272r(T)=DSM 24585(T)=OCM 985(T)) and Hippea alviniae sp. nov. (type strain EP5-r(T)=DSM 24586(T)=OCM 986(T)).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000306502100006,
  author = {Flores, Gilberto E and Hunter, Ryan C and Liu, Yitai and Mets, Anchelique and Schouten, Stefan and Reysenbach, Anna-Louise},
  title = {Hippea jasoniae sp nov and Hippea alviniae sp nov., thermoacidophilic members of the class Deltaproteobacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {62},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1252--1258},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.033001-0}
}
Pante E and Watling L (2012), "Chrysogorgia from the New England and Corner Seamounts: Atlantic-Pacific connections", JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM., aug, 2012. Vol. 92(5), pp. 911-927.
Abstract: Recent exploration of the New England and Corner Seamounts revealed four
new species of Chrysogorgia, described here using a combination of
molecular and morphological data. These four species are characterized
by a sinistral spiral, a character that, with one known exception, has
only been reported for Pacific species. In addition, two species have a
sclerite composition typical of the Pacific ('squamosae typicae'). This
faunal connection between the Atlantic and the Pacific is confirmed by
analysis of the mitochondrial msh1 gene. The exceptional preservation of
specimens collected with remotely operated vehicles allows us to discuss
the effect of growth on some morphological characters.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000307173100006,
  author = {Pante, Eric and Watling, Les},
  title = {Chrysogorgia from the New England and Corner Seamounts: Atlantic-Pacific connections},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {92},
  number = {5},
  pages = {911--927},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315411001354}
}
Martin AM and Goffredi SK (2012), "`Pliocardia' krylovata, a new species of vesicomyid clam from cold seeps along the Costa Rica Margin", JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM., aug, 2012. Vol. 92(5), pp. 1127-1137.
Abstract: `Pliocardia' krylovata, sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae)
is described from cold seeps off the coast of the Nicoya Peninsula,
Costa Rica (700-1000 m depth). The phylogenetic position of `P.'
krylovata was assessed by both morphological comparisons as well as
nucleotide data from the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Within the
vesicomyids, `P.' krylovata belongs to the Pliocardiinae and its closest
relative is `Calyptogena' ponderosa, which also bears some morphological
resemblance to the genus Pliocardia, perhaps suggesting a need for
reanalysis of not only its generic designation, but also the entire
Pliocardiinae subfamily. `P.' krylovata has morphological similarities
to `Pliocardia' bowdeniana and `Vesicomya' crenulomarginata, recently
reassigned to the genus Pliocardia, including a thick shell, obvious
rostrum, pointed posterior end, and a sculptured shell with concentric
ribs on the outer surface, to name a few. It is morphologically
distinguished, however, by having a complex pallial sinus and remarkably
deep escutcheon.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000307173100024,
  author = {Martin, Alanna M and Goffredi, Shana K},
  title = {`Pliocardia' krylovata, a new species of vesicomyid clam from cold seeps along the Costa Rica Margin},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {92},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1127--1137},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315411000713}
}
Hendrickx ME (2012), "Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea) collected during the TALUD XIV cruise in the Gulf of California, Mexico, and rediscovery of Gastroptychus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) in the eastern Pacific", ZOOTAXA., aug, 2012. (3418), pp. 28-40.
Abstract: Seven species of squat lobsters were collected during the TALUD XIV
cruise in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Gastroptychus perarmatus
(Haig, 1968) was collected for the second time since it was described
and represents a first record of the genus in the tropical eastern
Pacific. Its association with gorgonians is also noted from color
pictures taken during a deep-water dive in another cruise in the area.
Janetogalathea californiensis (Benedict, 1902) was captured in four
sampling stations, in the same area where it has been previously
reported. Three species of Munida Leach, 1820 were collected (M.
bapensis Hendrickx, 2000, M. mexicana Benedict, 1902, and M. tenella
Benedict, 1902). Records of M. bapensis of this cruise combined with
additional captures of this species in 2007 in the same area indicate
that it is the most abundant deep-water species of squat lobster in the
northern part of the central Gulf of California. Among the species of
Munida, M. tenella was second in abundance and included specimens much
larger than previously known. The single record for M. mexicana fits
within the currently known depth and geographical ranges. Only one
species of Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (M. depressa Faxon, 1892) was
collected, in one of the deeper sampling stations visited during the
cruise and its northernmost distribution limit within the Gulf of
California is increased by ca two degrees of latitude. The seventh
species collected during this survey, Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson,
1860, is a common inhabitant of the California Current and the Gulf of
California.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000307406000002,
  author = {Hendrickx, Michel E},
  title = {Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea) collected during the TALUD XIV cruise in the Gulf of California, Mexico, and rediscovery of Gastroptychus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {ZOOTAXA},
  year = {2012},
  number = {3418},
  pages = {28--40}
}
Egas C, Pinheiro M, Gomes P, Barroso C and Bettencourt R (2012), "The Transcriptome of Bathymodiolus azoricus Gill Reveals Expression of Genes from Endosymbionts and Free-Living Deep-Sea Bacteria", MARINE DRUGS., aug, 2012. Vol. 10(8), pp. 1765-1783.
Abstract: Deep-sea environments are largely unexplored habitats where a surprising
number of species may be found in large communities, thriving regardless
of the darkness, extreme cold, and high pressure. Their unique
geochemical features result in reducing environments rich in methane and
sulfides, sustaining complex chemosynthetic ecosystems that represent
one of the most surprising findings in oceans in the last 40 years. The
deep-sea Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, located in the Mid
Atlantic Ridge, is home to large vent mussel communities where
Bathymodiolus azoricus represents the dominant faunal biomass, owing its
survival to symbiotic associations with methylotrophic or methanotrophic
and thiotrophic bacteria. The recent transcriptome sequencing and
analysis of gill tissues from B. azoricus revealed a number of genes of
bacterial origin, hereby analyzed to provide a functional insight into
the gill microbial community. The transcripts supported a metabolically
active microbiome and a variety of mechanisms and pathways, evidencing
also the sulfur and methane metabolisms. Taxonomic affiliation of
transcripts and 16S rRNA community profiling revealed a microbial
community dominated by thiotrophic and methanotrophic endosymbionts of
B. azoricus and the presence of a Sulfurovum-like epsilonbacterium.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000308207400009,
  author = {Egas, Conceicao and Pinheiro, Miguel and Gomes, Paula and Barroso, Cristina and Bettencourt, Raul},
  title = {The Transcriptome of Bathymodiolus azoricus Gill Reveals Expression of Genes from Endosymbionts and Free-Living Deep-Sea Bacteria},
  journal = {MARINE DRUGS},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {10},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1765--1783},
  doi = {10.3390/md10081765}
}
Xu G and Di Iorio D (2012), "Deep sea hydrothermal plumes and their interaction with oscillatory flows", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., sep, 2012. Vol. 13
Abstract: The acoustic scintillation method is applied to the investigation and
monitoring of a vigorous hydrothermal plume from Dante within the Main
Endeavour vent field (MEF) in the Endeavour Ridge segment. A 40 day time
series of the plume's vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations
provides a unique opportunity to study deep sea plume dynamics in a
tidally varying horizontal cross flow. An integral plume model that
takes into account ambient stratification and horizontal cross flows is
established from the conservation equations of mass, momentum and
density deficit. Using a linear additive entrainment velocity in the
model ( E = alpha U-m + beta U-perpendicular to) that is a function of
both the plume relative axial velocity (U-m) and the relative ambient
flow perpendicular to the plume (U-perpendicular to) gives consistent
results to the experimental data, suggesting entrainment coefficients
alpha = 0.1 and beta = 0.6. Also from the integral model, the plume
height in a horizontal cross flow ( U-a) is shown to scale as
1.8B(1/3)U(a)(-1/3)N(-2/3) for 0.01 textless= U-a textless= 0.1 m/s where B is the
initial buoyancy transport and N is the ambient stratification, both of
which are assumed constant.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000308889800003,
  author = {Xu, Guangyu and Di Iorio, Daniela},
  title = {Deep sea hydrothermal plumes and their interaction with oscillatory flows},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  doi = {10.1029/2012GC004188}
}
Wankel SD, Adams MM, Johnston DT, Hansel CM, Joye SB and Girguis PR (2012), "Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux and decoupling from sulfate reduction", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., oct, 2012. Vol. 14(10, SI), pp. 2726-2740.
Abstract: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a globally significant sink
that regulates methane flux from sediments into the oceans and
atmosphere. Here we examine mesophilic to thermophilic AOM in
hydrothermal sediments recovered from the Middle Valley vent field, on
the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Using continuous-flow sediment bioreactors and
batch incubations, we characterized (i) the degree to which AOM
contributes to net dissolved inorganic carbon flux, (ii) AOM and sulfate
reduction (SR) rates as a function of temperature and (iii) the
distribution and density of known anaerobic methanotrophs (ANMEs). In
sediment bioreactors, inorganic carbon stable isotope mass balances
results indicated that AOM accounted for between 16% and 86% of the
inorganic carbon produced, underscoring the role of AOM in governing
inorganic carbon flux from these sediments. At 90 degrees C, AOM
occurred in the absence of SR, demonstrating a striking decoupling of
AOM from SR. An abundance of Fe(III)-bearing minerals resembling mixed
valent Fe oxides, such as green rust, suggests the potential for a
coupling of AOM to Fe(III) reduction in these metalliferous sediments.
While SR bacteria were only observed in cooler temperature sediments,
ANMEs allied to ANME-1 ribotypes, including a putative ANME-1c group,
were found across all temperature regimes and represented a substantial
proportion of the archaeal community. In concert, these results extend
and reshape our understanding of the nature of high temperature methane
biogeochemistry, providing insight into the physiology and ecology of
thermophilic anaerobic methanotrophy and suggesting that AOM may play a
central role in regulating biological dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes
to the deep ocean from the organic-poor, metalliferous sediments of the
global mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent system.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000309446000009,
  author = {Wankel, Scott D and Adams, Melissa M and Johnston, David T and Hansel, Colleen M and Joye, Samantha B and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux and decoupling from sulfate reduction},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {14},
  number = {10, SI},
  pages = {2726--2740},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02825.x}
}
Degen R, Riavitz L, Gollner S, Vanreusel A, Plum C and Bright M (2012), "Community study of tubeworm-associated epizooic meiobenthos from deep-sea cold seeps and hot vents", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Vol. 468, pp. 135-148.
Abstract: The permanent metazoan meiofauna associated with vestimentiferan
tubeworm aggregations from hydrocarbon seeps of the upper Louisiana
slope in the Green Canyon (similar to 550 m) and the lower slope in
Atwater Valley (similar to 2200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico was
characterized. Meiofauna abundance, diversity, and community composition
at genus level were compared between these seep sites, and with those of
tubeworms from hydrothermal vents of the East Pacific Rise (Gollner et
al. 2007; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 337: 39-49). The abundance was not
significantly different between the 2 seep sites, and was also similar
to those found at vents. A total of 150 meiobenthic genera were
identified from the cold seep sites. While no significant difference in
univariate measurements of diversity was detected, a shift in community
composition between the shallow and the deep seep site was found. The
hot vent communities included a total of only 17 genera and the
diversity measurements were significantly lower at vents than at seeps.
Also, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was 97% between the meiobenthic
communities from seeps and vents. The genera richness was negatively
correlated with maximum temperature and maximum sulfide concentration,
and positively correlated with minimum pH value. We conclude that the
harsh conditions tubeworms experience at vents compared to the moderate
conditions at cold seeps, as well as the longevity of cold seeps
surrounded by sedimented deep-sea plains but short-lived vents on
basaltic mid-ocean ridges, might explain the contrasting diversity
patterns.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000311041900011,
  author = {Degen, Renate and Riavitz, Laura and Gollner, Sabine and Vanreusel, Ann and Plum, Christoph and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Community study of tubeworm-associated epizooic meiobenthos from deep-sea cold seeps and hot vents},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {468},
  pages = {135--148},
  doi = {10.3354/meps09889}
}
Sammarco PW, Atchison AD, Boland GS, Sinclair J and Lirette A (2012), "Geographic expansion of hermatypic and ahermatypic corals in the Gulf of Mexico, and implications for dispersal and recruitment", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY., dec, 2012. Vol. 436, pp. 36-49.
Abstract: The textgreater3000 oil/gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) provide
shallow hard-substratum in a soft-bottom dominated ecosystem. Excepting
the Flower Garden Banks (FGB) and deeper mesophotic banks, no shallow
hard substrate has been available offshore since the Holocene. Platforms
have facilitated coral geographic expansion in this region. We
determined the distribution, abundance, and species diversity patterns
on 42 platforms in this region, at textless= 37 m depth, along four cross-shelf
transects: 1) S-SE from Corpus Christi, Texas; 2) S from Lake Sabine,
Texas; 3) S from Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana; and 4) S-SW from Mobile,
Alabama. Nine hermatypic, two ahermatypic, and one hydrozoan coral were
found: hermatypes-Madracis decactis. Diploria strigosa, Montastraea
cavernosa, Porites astreoides, Madracis formosa, Colpophyllia natans,
Stephanocoenia intercepta, Stephanocoenia michelinii, and Millepora
alcicornis (Hydrozoa); ahermatypes-Tubastraea cocci flea. Oculina
diffusa, and Phyllangia americana. Pattern-seeking analyses identified
four community types: one with no hermatypic corals (inner and
mid-shelf); one high diversity set of platforms, dominated by abundant
Madracis decactis, occurring with four other species per platform (outer
shelf); and a third dominated by Madracis decactis, in low abundance,
co-dominated by D. strigosa and Millepora alcicornis (outer shelf).
Species diversity was highest around the Flower Garden Banks. Hermatypic
density and D. strigosa (broadcaster) in particular, was maximum around
the FGB, extending northwards. Madracis decactis (brooder) densities
peaked at the shelf edge, off Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana. Montastraea
cavernosa densities were bimodal, peaking near the FGB and east of the
Mississippi River. The FGB appear to be the source of hermatypic corals
for most platform populations. Differences between the distribution
patterns of Madracis decactis and D. strigosa, Montastraea cavernosa,
and O. diffusa suggest that the brooder effects longer recruitment
distances by averaging larval dispersal over a broad range of
hydrographic conditions throughout the year, while the broadcaster
utilizes only one set of conditions over the same period. Averaging
respective dispersal strategies over decades may have produced the
observed disparate distribution patterns. Ahermatypic coral density
exceeded hermatypic density by 10,000 fold, peaking south of Terrebonne
Bay, Louisiana and Mobile, Alabama, due to T. coccinea. Ahermatypic
diversity was highest off Matagorda Island, Texas, decreasing from west
to east. Multi-variate pattern-seeking analysis (PATN) identified four
ahermatypic community types: one dominated by O. diffusa and T. coccinea
in low abundances (shelf-wide distribution); one characterized by the
absence of ahermatypic corals (generally near-shore); one heavily
dominated by T. coccinea, and also by O. diffusa in low abundances
(mid-shelf to shelf edge); and one dominated by T. coccinea,
co-dominated by both P. americana and O. diffusa in low abundances
(shelf-edge). T. coccinea and P. americana appear to be derived from the
southern GOM off Mexico or the Caribbean. Unlike shrinking coral
populations in other parts of the world, corals have expanded their
range substantially in the northern Gulf of Mexico, in areas previously
devoid or near devoid of corals, facilitated by thousands of oil/gas
platforms deployed for decades throughout the region.
It is also possible that coral populations on these platforms may act as
potential larval sources for the FGB in the event of a mass coral
mortality there. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000311470800005,
  author = {Sammarco, Paul W and Atchison, Amy D and Boland, Gregory S and Sinclair, James and Lirette, Angela},
  title = {Geographic expansion of hermatypic and ahermatypic corals in the Gulf of Mexico, and implications for dispersal and recruitment},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {436},
  pages = {36--49},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2012.08.009}
}
Perez-Rodriguez I, Grosche A, Massenburg L, Starovoytov V, Lutz RA and Vetriani C (2012), "Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., oct, 2012. Vol. 62(10), pp. 2388-2394.
Abstract: A novel hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium,
designated strain HB-8(T), was isolated from the tube of Alvinella
pompejana tubeworms collected from the wall of an actively venting
sulfide structure on the East Pacific Rise at 13 degrees N. The cells
were Gram-negative rods, approximately 1.0-1.5 mu m long and 0.5 mu m
wide. Strain HB-8(T) grew between 65 and 80 degrees C (optimum 75
degrees C), 15 and 35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 30 gl(-1)) and pH 4.5 and
8.5 (optimum pH 6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 26
min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H-2 as
the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Nitrate and sulfur were
used as electron acceptors, with concomitant formation of ammonium or
hydrogen sulfide, respectively. The presence of lactate, formate,
acetate or tryptone in the culture medium inhibited growth. The G+C
content of the genomic DNA was 47.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the
16S rRNA gene and of the alpha subunit of the ATP citrate lyase of
strain HB-8(T) indicated that this organism formed a novel lineage
within the class Aquificae, equally distant from the type strains of the
type species of the three genera that represent the family
Desulfurobacteriaceae: Thermovibrio ruber ED11/3LLK8(T), Balnearium
lithotrophicum 17S(T) and Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum BSA(T).
The polar lipids of strain HB-8(T) differed substantially from those of
other members of the Desulfurobacteriaceae, and this bacterium produced
novel quinones. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and
chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the organism
represents a novel genus and species within the family
Desulfurobacteriaceae, Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp.
nov. The type strain of Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila is HB-8(T) (=DSM
24425(T) =JCM 17384(T)).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000311587800012,
  author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Grosche, Ashley and Massenburg, Lynnicia and Starovoytov, Valentin and Lutz, Richard A and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2388--2394},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.035642-0}
}
Slobodkin AI, Reysenbach AL, Slobodkina GB, Baslerov RV, Kostrikina NA, Wagner ID and Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA (2012), "Thermosulfurimonas dismutans gen. nov., sp nov., an extremely thermophilic sulfur-disproportionating bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., nov, 2012. Vol. 62(11), pp. 2565-2571.
Abstract: An extremely thermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium
(strain S95(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney
located on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Pacific Ocean, at a depth
of 1910 m. Cells of strain S95(T) were oval to short Gram-negative rods,
0.5-0.6 mu m in diameter and 1.0-1.5 mu m in length, growing singly or
in pairs. Cells were motile with a single polar flagellum. The
temperature range for growth was 50-92 degrees C, with an optimum at 74
degrees C. The pH range for growth was 5.5-8.0, with an optimum at pH
7.0. Growth of strain S95(T) was observed at NaCl concentrations ranging
from 1.5 to 3.50/o (w/v). Strain S95(T) grew anaerobically with
elemental sulfur as an energy source and bicarbonate/CO2 as a carbon
source. Elemental sulfur was disproportionated to sulfide and sulfate.
Growth was enhanced in the presence of poorly crystalline iron(III)
oxide (ferrihydrite) as a sulfide-scavenging agent. Strain S95(T) was
also able to grow by disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite.
Sulfate was not used as an electron acceptor. Analysis of the 16S rRNA
gene sequence revealed that the isolate belongs to the phylum
Thermodesulfobacteria. On the basis of its physiological properties and
results of phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolate
represents the sole species of a new genus, Thermosulfurimonas dismutans
gen. nov., sp. nov.; S95(T) (=DSM 24515(T)=VKM B-2683(T)) is the type
strain of the type species. This is the first description of a
thermophilic microorganism that disproportionates elemental sulfur.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000312516200003,
  author = {Slobodkin, A I and Reysenbach, A -L. and Slobodkina, G B and Baslerov, R V and Kostrikina, N A and Wagner, I D and Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E A},
  title = {Thermosulfurimonas dismutans gen. nov., sp nov., an extremely thermophilic sulfur-disproportionating bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {62},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2565--2571},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.034397-0}
}
Rosario-Passapera R, Keddis R, Wong R, Lutz RA, Staroyoytov V and Vetriani C (2012), "Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov., a mesophilic, alkane-oxidizing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., dec, 2012. Vol. 62(12), pp. 2921-2926.
Abstract: An aerobic, alkane-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain EPR92(T), was
isolated from hydrothermal fluids that had been collected from a
deep-sea vent on the East Pacific Rise (at 9 degrees 50' N 104 degrees
17' W). The cells of the novel strain were Gram-staining-negative rods
that measured approximately 1.4 mu m in length and 0.4 mu m in width.
Strain EPR92T grew at 20-40 degrees C (optimum 35 degrees C), with
1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5%), and at pH 4.0-8.5 (optimum pH
7.5). The generation time under optimal conditions was 63 min. Strain
EPR92(T) grew aerobically in artificial seawater minimal medium with
n-alkanes as sole carbon and energy sources, and also in artificial
seawater medium supplemented with peptone and yeast extract. The
predominant fatty acids were C-18:1 omega 7c, C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c,
11-methyl C-18:1 omega 7c and a putative C-12:0 aldehyde. The major
polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol,
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and four unidentified
aminolipids. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the genomic DNA
G+C content was 60.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene
showed that strain EPR92(T) belongs in the class Alphaproteobacteria and
the recognized species that were most closely related to the novel
strain were identified as Parvibaculum indicum P-31(T) (98.7% sequence
similarity) and Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1(T) (95.8%). In
DNA-DNA hybridizations, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness observed
between strain EPR92(T) and P. indicum P-31(T) was 47.7%, indicating
that the two strains do not belong to the same species. Based on the
phylogenetic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic evidence, strain
EPR92(T) represents a novel species within the genus Parvibaculum, for
which the name Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is EPR92(T) (=DSM 23209=JCM 16666(T)).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000315070000017,
  author = {Rosario-Passapera, Richard and Keddis, Ramaydalis and Wong, Ronald and Lutz, Richard A and Staroyoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov., a mesophilic, alkane-oxidizing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2921--2926},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.039594-0}
}
Kaiser CL, Kinsey JC, Pinner W, Yoerger DR, German CR and Van Dover CL (2012), "Satellite based remote management and operation of a 6000m AUV", In Oceans, 2012. Vol. Hampton Ro
Abstract: During a July, 2012 expedition to the Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Blake Ridge, and Cape Fear Diapir, the AUV Sentry, aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos, conducted experiments into remote operation of an AUV via satellite link. Remote launch, remote engineering, remote data processing and remote watch standing were all explored with varying degrees of success. Remote engineering and troubleshooting was found to be exceptionally promising and worthy of further effort. Remote data processing was a valuable addition for a telepresence enabled cruise where a substantial component of the science team was on shore. Remore watch standing and remote launch were both found to be viable though requiring improvement. Technology infrastructure is discussed along with successes, difficulties, and recommendations for future improvement.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Kaiser2012,
  author = {Kaiser, C L and Kinsey, J C and Pinner, W and Yoerger, D R and German, C R and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Satellite based remote management and operation of a 6000m AUV},
  booktitle = {Oceans, 2012},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {Hampton Ro},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404900}
}
Kellermann MY, Schubotz F, Elvert M, Lipp JS, Birgel D, Prieto-Mollar X, Dubilier N and Hinrichs KU (2012), "Symbiont–host relationships in chemosynthetic mussels: A comprehensive lipid biomarker study", Organic Geochemistry. Vol. 43(0), pp. 112-124.
Abstract: Symbiosis with chemosynthetic microorganisms allows invertebrates from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, such as mussels, snails and tubeworms, to gain nutrition independently of organic input from photosynthetic communities. Lipid biomarkers and their compound specific stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) have greatly aided the elucidation of chemosynthetic symbiosis. Due to recent methodological advances in liquid chromatography it is now possible to obtain a more holistic view of lipid biomarkers, including the analysis of intact polar membrane lipids (IPLs) and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs). This study provides an extensive examination of polar and apolar lipids in combination with stable carbon isotope analysis of three Bathymodiolus mussels (Bathymodiolus childressi, Bathymodiolus cf. thermophilus, Bathymodiolus brooksi) hosting different types of bacterial symbiont (methane-oxidizing, sulfur-oxidizing and a dual symbiosis with methane- and sulfur-oxidizing symbionts, respectively). We propose that IPLs with C16:1 acyl side chains, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) head groups, which were only detected in the gill tissue, can be used as symbiont-characteristic biomarkers. These putative symbiont-specific IPLs provide the opportunity to detect and quantify the methanotrophic and thiotrophic symbionts within the gill tissue. Additional characteristic markers for methanotrophic symbionts were found in B. childressi and B. brooksi, including the BHP derivatives aminotriol and aminotetrol, 4-methyl sterols and diagnostic fatty acids (FAs), such as C16:1ω9, C16:1ω8, and C18:1ω8. In general, the δ13C values of FAs, alcohols and BHP-derived hopanols were in accordance with carbon assimilation pathways of the respective methanotrophic or thiotrophic symbionts in all three Bathymodiolus mussels. Differences in BHP distribution as well as δ13C values in the two mussels hosting a methanotrophic symbiont may indicate the presence of different methanotrophic symbionts and/or changes in the nutritional status. In all three mussel species the δ13C values of lipid biomarkers assigned to the symbionts were similar to those of the hosts, indicating the importance of the bacterial symbionts as the main carbon source for the mussel tissue.
BibTeX:
@article{Kellermann2012,
  author = {Kellermann, M Y and Schubotz, F and Elvert, M and Lipp, J S and Birgel, D and Prieto-Mollar, X and Dubilier, N and Hinrichs, K -U},
  title = {Symbiont–host relationships in chemosynthetic mussels: A comprehensive lipid biomarker study},
  journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {43},
  number = {0},
  pages = {112--124},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.10.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.10.005}
}
Kim S and Hammerstrom K (2012), "Hydrothermal vent community zonation along environmental gradients at the Lau back-arc spreading center", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 62(0), pp. 10-19.
Abstract: The Lau back-arc spreading center exhibits gradients in hydrothermal vent habitat characteristics from north to south. Biological zonation within a few meters of vents has been described as temperature driven. We constructed georeferenced photomosaics of the seafloor out to tens of meters beyond vents to describe peripheral zonation and explore correlations between environmental conditions and the biological community. Cluster analysis separated northern sites from southern sites, corresponding to a break in substrate from basalt in the north to andesite in the south. Northern sites were dominated by anemones, and southern by sponges. A previous suggestion that dominants may be dependent on friability of the substrate was not supported; when visually distinguishable, individual species within taxa showed different patterns. Northern sites hosted proportionally more suspension feeding species. Sulfide that can support microbial food sources is at higher concentrations at these sites, though bathymetry that may enhance bottom currents is less rugged. Northern sites had higher diversity that may result from the overall northwards flow, which would generally permit easier dispersal downcurrent, though we observed no difference in dispersal strategies at different sites.
BibTeX:
@article{Kim2012,
  author = {Kim, S and Hammerstrom, K},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent community zonation along environmental gradients at the Lau back-arc spreading center},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {62},
  number = {0},
  pages = {10--19},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.12.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.12.010}
}
Lang SQ, Fruh-Green GL, Bernasconi SM, Lilley MD, Proskurowski G, Mehay S and Butterfield DA (2012), "Microbial utilization of abiogenic carbon and hydrogen in a serpentinite-hosted system", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 92, pp. 82-99.
Abstract: Mantle rocks exposed on the seafloor constitute a highly reactive chemical and thermal system, in which interaction with seawater to produce serpentinite has major consequences for lithospheric cooling, global geochemical cycles, and microbial activity. Serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal activity is exemplified by the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) where fluid–rock reactions in the underlying ultramafic rocks result in high concentrations of abiotic hydrogen, methane, C2+ alkanes, and formate. Such systems have been proposed as possible analogs to the Early Earth environments that gave rise to the first biochemical pathways. Thus, characterizing the local microbial communities and their potential link with abiogenic compounds is of particular significance. Here we demonstrate that in active carbonate chimneys where microbial sulfate reduction is important, up to 50% of the microbial biomass is synthesized from mantle carbon. Conversely, mantle carbon contributes only ∼10% of the biomass in areas with minimal sulfate reduction. We attribute this difference to greater incorporation of formate or methane by the dominant microbial species, the Lost City Methanosarcinales, in locations where sulfate reducers are able to facilitate this assimilation. The ability of autotrophic communities at Lost City to capitalize on the steady stream of chemical products resulting from serpentinization reactions and to utilize abiogenic mantle carbon lend credence to the hypothesis that early biosynthetic pathways could have developed in similar environments.
BibTeX:
@article{Lang2012,
  author = {Lang, S Q and Fruh-Green, G L and Bernasconi, S M and Lilley, M D and Proskurowski, G and Mehay, S and Butterfield, D A},
  title = {Microbial utilization of abiogenic carbon and hydrogen in a serpentinite-hosted system},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {82--99},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.06.006},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.06.006}
}
Lemkau KL (2012), "Comprehensive study of a heavy fuel oil spill : modeling and analytical approaches to understanding environmental weathering" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: Driven by increasingly heavy oil reserves and more efficient refining technologies, use of heavy fuel oils for power generation is rising. Unlike other refined products and crude oils, a large portion of these heavy oils is undetectable using the traditional gas chromatography-based techniques on which oil spill science has been based. In the current study, samples collected after the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan heavy fuel oil spill (San Francisco, CA) were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-based techniques, numerical modeling and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to examine natural weathering of the oil over a one and a half year period. Traditional GC techniques detected variable evidence of evaporation/ dissolution, biodegradation and photodegradation. Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds smaller than ˜n-C16 were rapidly lost due to evaporation and dissolution. Significant biodegradation was not detected until one month post spill while photodegradation was only observed at one field site. To further examine the processes of evaporation and dissolution, samples were analyzed with comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) and a physiochemical model developed to approximate quantitative apportionment of compounds lost to the atmosphere and water. Model results suggest temperature is the primary control of evaporation. Finally, to examine the prominent non-GC amenable component of the oil, samples were analyzed with FT-ICR MS. Results showed expected clustering of samples, with those samples collected sooner after the spill having the most compositional similarity to the unweathered oil. Analysis of dominant heteroatom classes within the oil showed losses of high molecular weight species and the formation of stable core structures with time. These results highlight the susceptibility to weathering of these higher molecular weight components, previously believed to be recalcitrant in the environment. Research findings indicate that environmental weathering results in removal or alteration of larger alkylated compounds as well as loss of lower molecular weight species through evaporation/dissolution, biodegradation and photodegradation, with a resultant fraction of stable compounds likely to remain in the environment years after the spill. This research demonstrates the advantages of combining multiple analytical and modeling approaches for a fuller understanding of oil spill chemistry.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Lemkau2012,
  author = {Lemkau, K L},
  title = {Comprehensive study of a heavy fuel oil spill : modeling and analytical approaches to understanding environmental weathering},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/5278}
}
Levin LA, Orphan VJ, Rouse GW, Rathburn AE, Ussler W, Cook GS, Goffredi SK, Perez EM, Waren A, Grupe BM, Chadwick G and Strickrott B (2012), "A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems".
Abstract: Upon their initial discovery, hydrothermal vents and methane seeps were considered to be related but distinct ecosystems, with different distributions, geomorphology, temperatures, geochemical properties and mostly different species. However, subsequently discovered vents and seep systems have blurred this distinction. Here, we report on a composite, hydrothermal seep ecosystem at a subducting seamount on the convergent Costa Rica margin that represents an intermediate between vent and seep ecosystems. Diffuse flow of shimmering, warm fluids with high methane concentrations supports a mixture of microbes, animal species, assemblages and trophic pathways with vent and seep affinities. Their coexistence reinforces the continuity of reducing environments and exemplifies a setting conducive to interactive evolution of vent and seep biota.
BibTeX:
@misc{Levin2012,
  author = {Levin, L A and Orphan, V J and Rouse, G W and Rathburn, A E and Ussler, W and Cook, G S and Goffredi, S K and Perez, Elena M and Waren, A and Grupe, B M and Chadwick, G and Strickrott, B},
  title = {A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {279},
  number = {1738},
  pages = {2580--2588},
  url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/279/1738/2580.abstract},
  doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0205}
}
Lin HT, Cowen JP, Olson EJ, Amend JP and Lilley MD (2012), "Inorganic chemistry, gas compositions and dissolved organic carbon in fluids from sedimented young basaltic crust on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flanks", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 85, pp. 213-227.
Abstract: The permeable upper oceanic basement serves as a plausible habitat for a variety of microbial communities. There is growing evidence suggesting a substantial subseafloor biosphere. Here new time series data are presented on key inorganic species, methane, hydrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ridge flank fluids obtained from subseafloor observatory CORKs (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) boreholes 1301A and 1026B. These data show that the new sampling methods (Cowen et al., 2012) employed at 1301A result in lower contamination than earlier studies. Furthermore, sample collection methods permitted most chemical analyses to be performed from aliquots of single large volume samples, thereby allowing more direct comparison of the data. The low phosphate concentrations (0.06–0.2 μM) suggest that relative to carbon and nitrogen, phosphorus could be a limiting nutrient in the basement biosphere. Coexisting sulfate (17–18 mM), hydrogen sulfide (∼0.1 μM), hydrogen (0.3–0.7 μM) and methane (1.5–2 μM) indicates that the basement aquifer at 1301A either draws fluids from multiple flow paths with different redox histories or is a complex environment that is not thermodynamically controlled and may allow co-occurring metabolic pathways including sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The low DOC concentrations (11–18 μM) confirm that ridge flank basement is a net DOC sink and ultimately a net carbon sink. Based on the net amounts of DOC, oxygen, nitrate and sulfate removed (∼30 μM, ∼80 μM, ∼40 μM and ∼10 mM, respectively) from entrained bottom seawater, organic carbon may be aerobically or anaerobically oxidized in biotic and/or abiotic processes.
BibTeX:
@article{Lin2012,
  author = {Lin, H -T and Cowen, J P and Olson, E J and Amend, J P and Lilley, M D},
  title = {Inorganic chemistry, gas compositions and dissolved organic carbon in fluids from sedimented young basaltic crust on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flanks},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {213--227},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.017},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.017}
}
Luther GW, Gartman A, Yuecel M, Madison AS, Moore TS, Nees HA, Nuzzio DB, Sen A, Lutz RA, Shank TM and Fisher CR (2012), "Chemistry, Temperature, and Faunal Distributions at Diffuse-Flow Hydrothermal Vents Comparison of Two Geologically Distinct Ridge Systems", Oceanography., mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1), pp. 234-245.
Abstract: Diffuse-flow, low-temperature areas near hydrothermal vents support life via chemosynthesis: hydrogen sulfide (and other reduced chemical compounds) emanating from the subsurface is oxidized with bottom-water oxygen through bacterial mediation to fix carbon dioxide and produce biomass. This article reviews the in situ diffuse-flow chemistry (mainly H2S and O2) and temperature data collected in 2006 and 2009 along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC), and from 2004 to 2008 at 9°N along the East Pacific Rise (9 N EPR), predominantly around macrofauna that contain endosymbionts at these two hydrothermal vent regions. More than 48,000 and 20,000 distinct chemical and temperature data points were collected with a multi-analyte electrochemical analyzer in the diffuse-flow waters at 9 N EPR and the ELSC, respectively. Despite their different geological settings and different macrofauna (two different species of snails and mussels at the ELSC versus two different species of tubeworms and mussels at 9 N EPR), there are similarities in the temperature and chemistry data, as well as in the distributions of organisms. The pattern of water chemistry preferred by the provannid snails (Alviniconcha spp., Ifremeria nautilei) and Bathymodiolus brevior at the ELSC is similar to the water chemistry pattern found for the siboglinid tubeworms (Tevnia jerichonana, Riftia pachyptila) and the Bathymodiolus thermophilus mussels at 9 N EPR. The eruptions at 9 N EPR in 2005 and 2006 resulted in increased H2S concentrations, increased H2S/T ratios, and an initial change in the dominant tubeworm species from Riftia pachyptila to Tevnia jerichonana after the eruption created new vent habitats. In 2005, two sites at 9 N EPR showed major increases in the H2S/T ratio from 2004, which suggested a probable eruption in this basalt-dominated system. At the ELSC, there was a decrease in the H2S/T ratio from northern to southern sites, which reflects the change in geological setting from basalt to andesite and the shallower water depths at the southern sites.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2012,
  author = {Luther, G W and Gartman, A and Yuecel, M and Madison, A S and Moore, T S and Nees, H A and Nuzzio, D B and Sen, A and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Chemistry, Temperature, and Faunal Distributions at Diffuse-Flow Hydrothermal Vents Comparison of Two Geologically Distinct Ridge Systems},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {234--245},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.22}
}
McCulloch M, Trotter J, Montagna P, Falter J, Dunbar R, Freiwald A, Försterra G, Correa ML, Maier C, Rüggeberg A and Taviani M (2012), "Resilience of Cold-Water Scleractinian Corals to Ocean Acidification: Boron Isotopic Systematics of pH and Saturation State Up-Regulation", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 87, pp. 21-34.
Abstract: The boron isotope systematics has been determined for azooxanthellate scleractinian corals from a wide range of both deep-sea and shallow-water environments. The aragonitic coral species, Caryophyllia smithii, Desmophyllum dianthus, Enallopsammia rostrata, Lophelia pertusa, and Madrepora oculata, are all found to have relatively high δ11B compositions ranging from 23.2‰ to 28.7‰. These values lie substantially above the pH-dependent inorganic seawater borate equilibrium curve, indicative of strong up-regulation of pH of the internal calcifying fluid (pHcf), being elevated by ∼0.6–0.8 units (ΔpH) relative to ambient seawater. In contrast, the deep-sea calcitic coral Corallium sp. has a significantly lower δ11B composition of 15.5‰, with a corresponding lower ΔpH value of ∼0.3 units, reflecting the importance of mineralogical control on biological pH up-regulation. The solitary coral D. dianthus was sampled over a wide range of seawater pHT and shows an approximate linear correlation with ΔpHDesmo = 6.43 − 0.71pHT (r2 = 0.79). An improved correlation is however found with the closely related parameter of seawater aragonite saturation state, where ΔpHDesmo = 1.09 − 0.14Ωarag (r2 = 0.95), indicating the important control that carbonate saturation state has on calcification. The ability to up-regulate internal pHcf, and consequently Ωcf, of the calcifying fluid is therefore a process present in both azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate aragonitic corals, and is attributed to the action of Ca2+-ATPase in modulating the proton gradient between seawater and the site of calcification. These findings also show that the boron isotopic compositions (δ11Bcarb) of aragonitic corals are highly systematic and consistent with direct uptake of the borate species within the biologically controlled extracellular calcifying medium. We also show that the relatively strong up-regulation of pH and consequent elevation of the internal carbonate saturation state (Ωcf ∼8.5 to ∼13) at the site of calcification by cold-water corals, facilitates calcification at or in some cases below the aragonite saturation horizon, providing a greater ability to adapt to the already low and now decreasing carbonate ion concentrations. Although providing greater resilience to the effects of ocean acidification and enhancing rates of calcification with increasing temperature, the process of internal pHcf up-regulation has an associated energetic cost, and therefore growth-rate cost, of ∼10% per 0.1 pH unit decrease in seawater pHT. Furthermore, as the aragonite saturation horizon shoals with rapidly increasing pCO2 and Ωarag  
BibTeX:
@article{McCulloch2012,
  author = {McCulloch, M and Trotter, J and Montagna, P and Falter, J and Dunbar, R and Freiwald, A and Försterra, G and Correa, M L and Maier, C and Rüggeberg, A and Taviani, M},
  title = {Resilience of Cold-Water Scleractinian Corals to Ocean Acidification: Boron Isotopic Systematics of pH and Saturation State Up-Regulation},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {87},
  pages = {21--34},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.027},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.027}
}
McKay LJ, MacGregor BJ, Biddle JF, Albert DB, Mendlovitz HP, Hoer DR, Lipp JS, Lloyd KG and Teske AP (2012), "Spatial heterogeneity and underlying geochemistry of phylogenetically diverse orange and white Beggiatoa mats in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 67, pp. 21-31.
Abstract: Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa are found in conspicuous, colorful mats on the seafloor above active hydrothermal seeps at Guaymas Basin. Guaymas Beggiatoa filaments fall into discrete size classes representing at least five separate 16S rRNA phylotypes, and appear either white, yellow, or orange. During two R/V Atlantis cruises to Guaymas Basin, 78 temperature profiles were taken near and within 15 different orange and white Beggiatoa mats by the Alvin submersible to investigate spatial relationships between mat color and hydrothermal fluid seeps, as indicated by elevated temperatures. The surface temperatures from 78 profiles are similar to each other (on average 8–12 °C, warmer than bare sediments at 3–4 °C), indicating that Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp., although relying on the hydrothermal system for energy and carbon sources, live within a relatively cool temperature range. Temperatures from 40 cm below orange Beggiatoa versus white Beggiatoa are the same, at 84 °C averaged across all mat systems. However, within a single mat system, temperatures are higher beneath the predominantly orange center of the mat than beneath the white mat periphery. Push core transects across the orange-to-white color change of three Beggiatoa mats showed stronger upward compression of isotherms and metabolic zones beneath the orange mat center than beneath white mat periphery. Hydrothermal temperature gradients push the microbial processes generating carbon and energy sources for Beggiatoa mats towards the sediment surface. The resulting steep gradients of hydrothermal electron donors and carbon sources to the sediment surface, rather than the in situ temperature by itself, control the relative positioning of orange and white filaments within a Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa mat. Given the wide spectrum of temperature and hydrothermal flux regimes between different mats, the orange/white pattern represents a relative preference or even a competitive balance among different Beggiatoa types that establishes itself within each hydrothermal hot spot.
BibTeX:
@article{McKay2012,
  author = {McKay, L J and MacGregor, B J and Biddle, J F and Albert, D B and Mendlovitz, H P and Hoer, D R and Lipp, J S and Lloyd, K G and Teske, A P},
  title = {Spatial heterogeneity and underlying geochemistry of phylogenetically diverse orange and white Beggiatoa mats in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {21--31},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.011}
}
Pester NJ, Reeves EP, Rough ME, Ding K, Seewald JS and Seyfried WE (2012), "Subseafloor phase equilibria in high-temperature hydrothermal fluids of the Lucky Strike Seamount (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37°17'N)", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 90, pp. 303-322.
Abstract: As part of an integrated study conducted at the Lucky Strike Seamount (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37°17′N) in 2008, gas-tight sampling devices were used to collect high-temperature (∼300 °C) hydrothermal fluids issuing from sulfide structures distributed throughout the vent field located in the summit depression. Compared with previous observations from 1993 to 1997, the most substantial changes in vent fluid compositions are dramatically increased CO2 concentrations (∼5×, up to 133 mmol/L) and the observation of vent fluids enriched in dissolved chloride relative to seawater. Combined with an increase in δ13CCO2δ13CCO2 values by ∼4‰ in 2008, the elevated CO2 indicates replenishment of the magmatic heat source and may be indicative of a recent magmatic event. The additional supporting fluid chemistry is, however, similar to that of the previous sampling intervals, necessitating a reassessment of the subseafloor controls on vent fluid chemistry at Lucky Strike in the context of recently obtained geophysical data that provides the depth/extent of a steady-state magma chamber. Two-phase behavior is indicated by the chloride variability in the vent fluids; and comparison with experimental data for the associated chloride-dependent partitioning of minor/trace elements suggests the possibility of a similar source fluid for all the vent structures, while limiting the likelihood of shallow phase separation and subseafloor mixing for the hydrothermal end-members. A recently calibrated Fe/Mn geothermometer indicates minimum subseafloor equilibration temperatures of 350–385 °C. However, constraints imposed by dissolved Si/Cl in conjunction with geophysical observations are consistent with peak reaction conditions at temperatures of 430–475 °C and pressures near the top of the axial magma chamber (∼410–480 bars), where magmatic CO2 becomes entrained in the circulating fluids. The distance between the magma chamber and the seafloor at Lucky Strike is substantially greater than at most faster spreading ridges; and we propose the resulting increased residence time in the up-flow zone leads to the re-equilibration of temperature sensitive transition metals at conditions less extreme than those associated with peak reaction. Agreement between experimental data, thermodynamic model calculations, and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, H2, and H2S in the Lucky Strike fluids reinforce the hypothesis of pH-redox equilibria for transition metals at relatively oxidizing conditions and temperatures predicted by the empirical Fe/Mn geothermometer. In-situ pH measurements of the high-temperature fluids exiting the seafloor are also consistent with the model calculations.
BibTeX:
@article{Pester2012,
  author = {Pester, N J and Reeves, E P and Rough, M E and Ding, K and Seewald, J S and Seyfried, W E},
  title = {Subseafloor phase equilibria in high-temperature hydrothermal fluids of the Lucky Strike Seamount (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37°17'N)},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {303--322},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.018},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.018}
}
Robert K, Onthank KL, Juniper SK and Lee RW (2012), "Small-scale thermal responses of hydrothermal vent polynoid polychaetes: Preliminary in situ experiments and methodological development", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 420-421, pp. 69-76.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vent systems represent a unique marine environment where high spatial variability allows the study of habitat selection with respect to small-scale temperature gradients. An autonomous time-lapse camera with a temperature logger array was deployed on four occasions to examine the thermal responses of two vent endemic polynoid polychaete taxa: Branchinotogluma sp. and Lepidonotopodium piscesae. Over a total deployment time of 52 h, we collected over 3,400 frames, in which 1,700 individuals were observed and monitored. Automated image processing and particle tracking routines were used to quickly process the imagery acquired in situ. Kriging interpolation was employed to create temperature maps (2.5–67 °C) of the field of view within which individual polynoids were tracked over time. Using the individual trajectories, we examined whether organisms selected for a narrower range of temperature than available in the environment and whether past information regarding the temperature encountered influenced subsequent movement decisions. A two state hidden Markov model was applied to predict behaviour based on movement patterns and examine whether areas characterized by different movement patterns differed in temperature. We found polynoids to be active over a wide range of temperatures and areas where different movement patterns were observed did not differ in temperature. Within their tolerated range of temperature, polynoids appear to thermoconform to the highly spatially variable thermal environment. Based on these preliminary deployments, we make suggestions for future studies over broader thermal regimes and longer time scales.
BibTeX:
@article{Robert2012,
  author = {Robert, K and Onthank, K L and Juniper, S K and Lee, R W},
  title = {Small-scale thermal responses of hydrothermal vent polynoid polychaetes: Preliminary in situ experiments and methodological development},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {420-421},
  pages = {69--76},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2012.03.019},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2012.03.019}
}
Rubin KH, Soule SA, Chadwick WW, Fornari DJ, Clague DA, Embley RW, Baker ET, Perfit MR, Caress DW and Dziak RP (2012), "Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea", Oceanography. ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA, mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1), pp. 142-157. OCEANOGRAPHY SOC.
Abstract: Volcanic eruptions are important events in Earth's cycle of magma generation and crustal construction. Over durations of hours to years, eruptions produce new deposits of lava and/or fragmentary ejecta, transfer heat and magmatic volatiles from Earth's interior to the overlying air or seawater, and significantly modify the landscape and perturb local ecosystems. Today and through most of geological history, the greatest number and volume of volcanic eruptions on Earth have occurred in the deep ocean along mid-ocean ridges, near subduction zones, on oceanic plateaus, and on thousands of mid-plate seamounts. However, deep-sea eruptions (textgreater 500 m depth) are much more difficult to detect and observe than subaerial eruptions, so comparatively little is known about them. Great strides have been made in eruption detection, response speed, and observational detail since the first recognition of a deep submarine eruption at a mid-ocean ridge 25 years ago. Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.
BibTeX:
@article{Rubin2012,
  author = {Rubin, K H and Soule, S A and Chadwick, W W and Fornari, D J and Clague, D A and Embley, R W and Baker, E T and Perfit, M R and Caress, D W and Dziak, R P},
  title = {Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {142--157},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.12}
}
Schimak MP, Toenshoff ER and Bright M (2012), "Simultaneous 16S and 18S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on LR White sections demonstrated in Vestimentifera (Siboglinidae) tubeworms", Acta Histochemica. Vol. 114(2), pp. 122-130.
Abstract: Traditional morphological identification of invertebrate marine species is limited in early life history stages for many taxa. In this study, we demonstrate, by example of Vestimentiferan tubeworms (Siboglinidae, Polychaeta), that the simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of both eukaryotic host and bacterial symbiont cells is possible on a single semi-thin (1 μm) section. This allows the identification of host specimens to species level as well as offering visualization of bacteria distributed within the host tissue. Previously published 18S rRNA host-specific oligonucleotide probes for Riftia pachyptila, Tevnia jerichonana and a newly designed Oasisia alvinae probe, as well as a 16S rRNA probe targeting symbionts found in all host species, were applied. A number of standard fixation and hybridization parameters were tested and optimized for the best possible signal intensity and cellular resolution. Ethanol conserved samples embedded in LR White low viscosity resin yielded the best results with regard to both signal intensity and resolution. We show that extended storage times of specimens does not affect the quality of signals attained by FISH and use our protocol to identify morphologically unidentifiable tubeworm individuals from a small data set, conforming to previous findings in succession studies of the Siboglinidae family.
BibTeX:
@article{Schimak2012,
  author = {Schimak, M P and Toenshoff, E R and Bright, M},
  title = {Simultaneous 16S and 18S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on LR White sections demonstrated in Vestimentifera (Siboglinidae) tubeworms},
  journal = {Acta Histochemica},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {114},
  number = {2},
  pages = {122--130},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2011.03.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.acthis.2011.03.008}
}
Soule SA, Nakata DS, Fornari DJ, Fundis AT, Perfit MR and Kurz MD (2012), "CO2 variability in mid-ocean ridge basalts from syn-emplacement degassing: Constraints on eruption dynamics", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 327–328(0), pp. 39-49.
Abstract: Basaltic glasses produced during mid-ocean ridge (MOR) eruptions display a wide range of dissolved CO2 concentrations with respect to equilibrium saturation at their eruption depth. This variability is thought to reflect the dynamics of magma ascent and emplacement, with rapid ascent and depressurization leading to supersaturated conditions and slower ascent resulting in equilibrium saturation. In this study we examine a suite of samples from the 2005–06 eruption of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), collected at ˜ 200 m intervals along two well-defined flow pathways within a single seafloor eruption to examine syn-emplacement degassing, using measurements of vesicularity, crystallinity, volatile contents, and helium. This new data set is unique because flow pathways of individual MOR lava flows have rarely been mapped and have never been systematically sampled. Here we show that a large range in dissolved CO2 concentrations exists within this single eruption that nearly spans that observed in tens of flows measured along this portion of the EPR crest. This lava flow experienced equilibrium degassing of dissolved CO2 from supersaturated conditions at the vent (and persisting over the first 750 m of flow) toward equilibrium with seafloor pressures along a ˜ 2.5 km-long flow path. This was accompanied by an increase in vesicularity and characteristic bubble radius along the flow, indicating the importance of bubble growth by diffusion for degassing. Nearly constant total helium concentrations (melt + vesicles) indicate that no bubbles were lost during emplacement. With a model of diffusion-controlled bubble growth constrained by observations from the samples along the largest flow lobe of the eruption, we calculate minimum ascent rates of 0.15 m/s, and – for this portion of the eruption – an eruption duration of ˜ 30 h and flow rates from 0.02 to 0.12 m/s. This study represents the first quantitative assessment of eruption dynamics using volatiles in a mid-ocean ridge lava flow.
BibTeX:
@article{Soule2012,
  author = {Soule, S A and Nakata, D S and Fornari, D J and Fundis, A T and Perfit, M R and Kurz, M D},
  title = {CO2 variability in mid-ocean ridge basalts from syn-emplacement degassing: Constraints on eruption dynamics},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {327–328},
  number = {0},
  pages = {39--49},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.034},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.034}
}
Stanway MJ (2012), "Contributions to automated realtime underwater navigation" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: This dissertation presents three separate–but related–contributions to the art of underwater navigation. These methods may be used in postprocessing with a human in the loop, but the overarching goal is to enhance vehicle autonomy, so the emphasis is on automated approaches that can be used in realtime. The three research threads are: i) in situ navigation sensor alignment, ii) dead reckoning through the water column, and iii) model-driven delayed measurement fusion. Contributions to each of these areas have been demonstrated in simulation, with laboratory data, or in the field–some have been demonstrated in all three arenas. The solution to the in situ navigation sensor alignment problem is an asymptotically stable adaptive identifier formulated using rotors in Geometric Algebra. This identifier is applied to precisely estimate the unknown alignment between a gyrocompass and Doppler velocity log, with the goal of improving realtime dead reckoning navigation. Laboratory and field results show the identifier performs comparably to previously reported methods using rotation matrices, providing an alignment estimate that reduces the position residuals between dead reckoning and an external acoustic positioning system. The Geometric Algebra formulation also encourages a straightforward interpretation of the identifier as a proportional feedback regulator on the observable output error. Future applications of the identifier may include alignment between inertial, visual, and acoustic sensors. The ability to link the Global Positioning System at the surface to precision dead reckoning near the seafloor might enable new kinds of missions for autonomous underwater vehicles. This research introduces a method for dead reckoning through the water column using water current profile data collected by an onboard acoustic Doppler current profiler. Overlapping relative current profiles provide information to simultaneously estimate the vehicle velocity and local ocean current–the vehicle velocity is then integrated to estimate position. The method is applied to field data using online bin average, weighted least squares, and recursive least squares implementations. This demonstrates an autonomous navigation link between the surface and the seafloor without any dependence on a ship or external acoustic tracking systems. Finally, in many state estimation applications, delayed measurements present an interesting challenge. Underwater navigation is a particularly compelling case because of the relatively long delays inherent in all available position measurements. This research develops a flexible, model-driven approach to delayed measurement fusion in realtime Kalman filters. Using a priori estimates of delayed measurements as augmented states minimizes the computational cost of the delay treatment. Managing the augmented states with time-varying conditional process and measurement models ensures the approach works within the proven Kalman filter framework–without altering the filter structure or requiring any ad-hoc adjustments. The end result is a mathematically principled treatment of the delay that leads to more consistent estimates with lower error and uncertainty. Field results from dead reckoning aided by acoustic positioning systems demonstrate the applicability of this approach to real-world problems in underwater navigation.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Stanway2012,
  author = {Stanway, M J},
  title = {Contributions to automated realtime underwater navigation},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/5095}
}
Thaler AD, Van Dover CL and Vilgalys R (2012), "Ascomycete phylotypes recovered from a Gulf of Mexico methane seep are identical to an uncultured deep-sea fungal clade from the Pacific", Fungal Ecology., apr, 2012. Vol. 5(2), pp. 270-273.
Abstract: Deep-sea endemic fungi are one component of an under-sampled invisible biosphere whose contribution to benthic ecosystems is not yet understood. In the last decade, molecular techniques have facilitated the discovery of several new deep-sea fungal groups, especially in habitats such as hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. We assessed fungal diversity at a methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico by sequencing partial ITS and LSU gene regions from environmental DNA recovered from microoxic and anoxic sediment. While most phylotypes were closely allied with common fungal species, the dominant phylotype did not match any known terrestrial species and aligned with an uncultured deep-sea fungus found in oxygen-depleted sediment at multiple sites in the Pacific Ocean. Despite its apparently broad distribution and frequent occurrence in oxygen-depleted sediment, the ecological role of this phylotype is not yet known. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{Thaler2012,
  author = {Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L and Vilgalys, R},
  title = {Ascomycete phylotypes recovered from a Gulf of Mexico methane seep are identical to an uncultured deep-sea fungal clade from the Pacific},
  journal = {Fungal Ecology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {270--273},
  doi = {10.1016/j.funeco.2011.07.002}
}
Thiel V, Hugler M, Blümel M, Baumann HI, Gärtner A, Schmaljohann R, Strauss H, Garbe-Schonberg D, Petersen S, Cowart DA, Fisher CR and Imhoff JF (2012), "Widespread occurrence of two carbon fixation pathways in tubeworm endosymbionts: lessons from hydrothermal vent associated tubeworms from the Mediterranean Sea", Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 2, pp. 423.
Abstract: Vestimentiferan tubeworms (siboglinid polychetes) of the genus Lamellibrachia are common members of cold seep faunal communities and have also been found at sedimented hydrothermal vent sites in the Pacific. As they lack a digestive system, they are nourished by chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts growing in a specialized tissue called the trophosome. Here we present the results of investigations of tubeworms and endosymbionts from a shallow hydrothermal vent field in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The tubeworms, which are the first reported vent-associated tubeworms outside the Pacific, are identified as Lamellibrachia anaximandri using mitochondrial ribosomal and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. They harbor a single gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont. Carbon isotopic data, as well as the analysis of genes involved in carbon and sulfur metabolism indicate a sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic endosymbiont. The detection of a hydrogenase gene fragment suggests the potential for hydrogen oxidation as alternative energy source. Surprisingly, the endosymbiont harbors genes for two different carbon fixation pathways, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle as well as the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, as has been reported for the endosymbiont of the vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to RubisCO genes we detected ATP citrate lyase (ACL – the key enzyme of the rTCA cycle) type II gene sequences using newly designed primer sets. Comparative investigations with additional tubeworm species (Lamellibrachia luymesi, Lamellibrachia sp. 1, Lamellibrachia sp. 2, Escarpia laminata, Seepiophila jonesi) from multiple cold seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico revealed the presence of acl genes in these species as well. Thus, our study suggests that the presence of two different carbon fixation pathways, the CBB cycle and the rTCA cycle, is not restricted to the Riftia endosymbiont, but rather might be common in vestimentiferan tubeworm endosymbionts, regardless of the habitat.
BibTeX:
@article{Thiel2012,
  author = {Thiel, Vera and Hugler, M and Blümel, M and Baumann, H I and Gärtner, A and Schmaljohann, R and Strauss, H and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Petersen, S and Cowart, D A and Fisher, C R and Imhoff, J F},
  title = {Widespread occurrence of two carbon fixation pathways in tubeworm endosymbionts: lessons from hydrothermal vent associated tubeworms from the Mediterranean Sea},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {423},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00423}
}
Thornhill DJ, Struck TH, Ebbe B, Lee RW, Mendoza GF, Levin LA and Halanych KM (2012), "Adaptive radiation in extremophilic Dorvilleidae (Annelida): diversification of a single colonizer or multiple independent lineages?", Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 2(8), pp. 1958-1970.
Abstract: Metazoan inhabitants of extreme environments typically evolved from forms found in less extreme habitats. Understanding the prevalence with which animals move into and ultimately thrive in extreme environments is critical to elucidating how complex life adapts to extreme conditions. Methane seep sediments along the Oregon and California margins have low oxygen and very high hydrogen sulfide levels, rendering them inhospitable to many life forms. Nonetheless, several closely related lineages of dorvilleid annelids, including members of Ophryotrocha, Parougia, and Exallopus, thrive at these sites in association with bacterial mats and vesicomyid clam beds. These organisms are ideal for examining adaptive radiations in extreme environments. Did dorvilleid annelids invade these extreme environments once and then diversify? Alternatively, did multiple independent lineages adapt to seep conditions? To address these questions, we examined the evolutionary history of methane-seep dorvilleids using 16S and Cyt b genes in an ecological context. Our results indicate that dorvilleids invaded these extreme habitats at least four times, implying preadaptation to life at seeps. Additionally, we recovered considerably more dorvilleid diversity than is currently recognized. A total of 3 major clades (designated “ Ophryotrocha,” “Mixed Genera” and “ Parougia”) and 12 terminal lineages or species were encountered. Two of these lineages represented a known species, Parougia oregonensis, whereas the remaining 10 lineages were newly discovered species. Certain lineages exhibited affinity to geography, habitat, sediment depth, and/or diet, suggesting that dorvilleids at methane seeps radiated via specialization and resource partitioning.
BibTeX:
@article{Thornhill2012,
  author = {Thornhill, D J and Struck, T H and Ebbe, B and Lee, R W and Mendoza, G F and Levin, L A and Halanych, K M},
  title = {Adaptive radiation in extremophilic Dorvilleidae (Annelida): diversification of a single colonizer or multiple independent lineages?},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {2},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1958--1970},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.314},
  doi = {10.1002/ece3.314}
}
Thurber AR, Levin LA, Orphan VJ and Marlow JJ (2012), "Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling", ISME Journal. Vol. 6(8), pp. 1602-1612. International Society for Microbial Ecology.
Abstract: Although the importance of trophic linkages, including ‘top-down forcing', on energy flow and ecosystem productivity is recognized, the influence of metazoan grazing on Archaea and the biogeochemical processes that they mediate is unknown. Here, we test if: (1) Archaea provide a food source sufficient to allow metazoan fauna to complete their life cycle; (2) neutral lipid biomarkers (including crocetane) can be used to identify Archaea consumers; and (3) archaeal aggregates are a dietary source for methane seep metazoans. In the laboratory, we demonstrated that a dorvilleid polychaete, Ophryotrocha labronica, can complete its life cycle on two strains of Euryarchaeota with the same growth rate as when fed bacterial and eukaryotic food. Archaea were therefore confirmed as a digestible and nutritious food source sufficient to sustain metazoan populations. Both strains of Euryarchaeota used as food sources had unique lipids that were not incorporated into O. labronica tissues. At methane seeps, sulfate-reducing bacteria that form aggregations and live syntrophically with anaerobic-methane oxidizing Archaea contain isotopically and structurally unique fatty acids (FAs). These biomarkers were incorporated into tissues of an endolithofaunal dorvilleid polychaete species from Costa Rica (mean bulk δ13C=−92±4‰; polar lipids −116‰) documenting consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates. FA composition of additional soft-sediment methane seep species from Oregon and California provided evidence that consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates is widespread at methane seeps. This work is the first to show that Archaea are consumed by heterotrophic metazoans, a trophic process we coin as ‘archivory'.
BibTeX:
@article{Thurber2012,
  author = {Thurber, A R and Levin, L A and Orphan, V J and Marlow, J J},
  title = {Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling},
  journal = {ISME Journal},
  publisher = {International Society for Microbial Ecology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {6},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1602--1612},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n8/suppinfo/ismej201216s1.html},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2012.16}
}
Tivey MK, Becker E, Beinart R, Fisher CR, Girguis PR, Langmuir CH, Michael PJ and Reysenbach AL (2012), "Links from Mantle to Microbe at the Lau Integrated Study Site:Insights from a Back-Arc Spreading Center", Oceanography., mar, 2012. Vol. 25(1), pp. 62-77.
Abstract: The Lau Integrated Study Site (ISS) has provided unique opportunities for study of ridge processes because of its back-arc setting in the southwestern Pacific. Its location allows study of a biogeographical province distinct from those of eastern Pacific and mid-Atlantic ridges, and crustal compositions along the ridge lie outside the range of mid-ocean ridge crustal compositions. The Lau ISS is located above a subduction zone, at an oblique angle. The underlying mantle receives water and other elements derived from the downgoing lithospheric slab, with an increase in slab influence from north to south. Water lowers the mantle melting temperature and leads to greater melt production where the water flux is greater, and to distinctive regional-scale gradients along the ridge. There are deeper faulted axial valleys with basaltic volcanism in the north and inflated axial highs with andesites in the south. Differences in igneous rock composition and release of magmatic volatiles affect compositions of vent fluids and deposits. Differences in vent fluid compositions and small-scale diffuse-flow regimes correlate with regional-scale patterns in microbial and megafaunal distributions. The interdisciplinary research effort at the Lau ISS has successfully identified linkages between subsurface processes and deep-sea biological communities, from mantle to microbe to megafauna.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2012,
  author = {Tivey, M K and Becker, E and Beinart, R and Fisher, C R and Girguis, P R and Langmuir, C H and Michael, P J and Reysenbach, A -L},
  title = {Links from Mantle to Microbe at the Lau Integrated Study Site:Insights from a Back-Arc Spreading Center},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {62--77},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.04}
}
Ventura GT, Simoneit BRT, Nelson RK and Reddy CM (2012), "The composition, origin and fate of complex mixtures in the maltene fractions of hydrothermal petroleum assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography", Organic Geochemistry. Vol. 45(0), pp. 48-65.
Abstract: Sedimentary organic matter in hydrothermal systems can be altered by high temperature fluids to generate petroleum. The saturated and aromatic fractions of these hydrothermal oils are compositionally similar to conventional oil with the exception that they often contain higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as substantial mixtures of coeluting organic compounds that produce dramatically rising signal on the baseline of gas chromatograms termed unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). Little is known about the compounds that compose UCMs and why or how they form. This is in part due to an inability to discriminate between in situ and migrated components that characterize the petroleum generated in hydrothermal systems. However, UCMs are also a product of the limitations imbedded in analytical separation techniques. With the advent of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), a revision of what should constitute molecular complexity needs to be considered. We address these problems by comparing the molecular compositions of the maltene fractions of three previously published hydrothermal petroleum samples using time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToF-MS) and 12 hydrothermal petroleum samples in cores from three locales using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC × GC–FID). The sediment cores were collected from Middle Valley, located off the axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Escanaba Trough, along the Gorda Ridge, both in the NE Pacific Ocean, as well as from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. We define a UCM in GC × GC data to be a condition in which ⩾25% of the detected peaks within a chromatographic area coelute in either the first or second dimension. In turn, complex (CM) and simple mixtures (SM) are defined as having 5–24% and and migrated components that characterize the petroleum generated in hydrothermal systems. However, UCMs are also a product of the limitations imbedded in analytical separation techniques. With the advent of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), a revision of what should constitute molecular complexity needs to be considered. We address these problems by comparing the molecular compositions of the maltene fractions of three previously published hydrothermal petroleum samples using time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToF-MS) and 12 hydrothermal petroleum samples in cores from three locales using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC × GC–FID). The sediment cores were collected from Middle Valley, located off the axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Escanaba Trough, along the Gorda Ridge, both in the NE Pacific Ocean, as well as from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. We define a UCM in GC × GC data to be a condition in which ⩾25% of the detected peaks within a chromatographic area coelute in either the first or second dimension. In turn, complex (CM) and simple mixtures (SM) are defined as having 5–24% and
BibTeX:
@article{Ventura2012,
  author = {Ventura, G T and Simoneit, B R T and Nelson, R K and Reddy, C M},
  title = {The composition, origin and fate of complex mixtures in the maltene fractions of hydrothermal petroleum assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography},
  journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {45},
  number = {0},
  pages = {48--65},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.002}
}
Voight JR, Lee RW, Reft AJ and Bates AE (2012), "Scientific Gear as a Vector for Non-Native Species at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents", Conservation Biology., oct, 2012. Vol. 26(5), pp. 938-942.
Abstract: The fauna of deep-sea hydrothermal vents are among the most isolated and inaccessible biological communities on Earth. Most vent sites can only be visited by subsea vehicles, which can and do move freely among these communities. Researchers assume individuals of the regionally homogeneous vent fauna are killed by the change in hydrostatic pressure the animals experience when the subsea vehicles, which collected them, rise to the surface. After an Alvin dive, we found 38 apparently healthy individuals of a vent limpet in a sample from a hydrothermally inactive area. Prompted by our identification of these specimens as Lepetodrilus gordensis, a species restricted to vents 635 km to the south of our dive site, we tested whether they were from a novel population or were contaminants from the dive made 36 h earlier. The 16S gene sequences, morphology, sex ratio, bacterial colonies, and stable isotopes uniformly indicated the specimens came from the previous dive. We cleaned the sampler, but assumed pressure changes would kill any organisms we did not remove and that the faunas of the 2 areas were nearly identical and disease-free. Our failure to completely clean the gear on the subsea vehicle meant we could have introduced the species and any diseases it carried to a novel location. Our findings suggest that the nearly inaccessible biological communities at deep-sea vents may be vulnerable to anthropogenic alteration, despite their extreme physical conditions.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2012,
  author = {Voight, J R and Lee, R W and Reft, A J and Bates, A E},
  title = {Scientific Gear as a Vector for Non-Native Species at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents},
  journal = {Conservation Biology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {26},
  number = {5},
  pages = {938--942},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01864.x}
}
Wang XM, Shang JH, Luo Z, Tang L, Zhang X and Li J (2012), "Reviews of power systems and environmental energy conversion for unmanned underwater vehicles", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 16(4), pp. 1958-1970.
Abstract: The power supply for unmanned underwater vehicles has been an important research point since the vehicles were invented. The power systems and environmental energy conversions for the vehicles are reviewed in the paper. Several topics are represented: problems and general solutions for unmanned underwater vehicles power supplies; the mechanisms and structures of tether power system; characteristics of several batteries; the characterization of potential environmental energy, and energy conversion for unmanned underwater vehicles. Docking stations for underwater vehicles continuation are also represented in the paper. Some typical vehicles powered by the power systems and their performances are listed and analyzed.
BibTeX:
@article{Wang2012,
  author = {Wang, X -M and Shang, J -H and Luo, Zirong and Tang, Li and Zhang, X and Li, J},
  title = {Reviews of power systems and environmental energy conversion for unmanned underwater vehicles},
  journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1958--1970},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.12.016},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2011.12.016}
}
White HK, Hsing P-Y, Cho W, Shank TM, Cordes EE, Quattrini AM, Nelson RK, Camilli R, Demopoulos AWJ, German CR, Brooks JM, Roberts HH, Shedd W, Reddy CM and Fisher CR (2012), "Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., dec, 2012. Vol. 109(50), pp. 20303-20308.
Abstract: To assess the potential impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on offshore ecosystems, 11 sites hosting deep-water coral communities were examined 3 to 4 mo after the well was capped. Healthy coral communities were observed at all sites textgreater20 km from the Macondo well, including seven sites previously visited in September 2009, where the corals and communities appeared unchanged. However, at one site 11 km southwest of the Macondo well, coral colonies presented widespread signs of stress, including varying degrees of tissue loss, sclerite enlargement, excess mucous production, bleached commensal ophiuroids, and covering by brown flocculent material (floc). On the basis of these criteria the level of impact to individual colonies was ranked from 0 (least impact) to 4 (greatest impact). Of the 43 corals imaged at that site, 46% exhibited evidence of impact on more than half of the colony, whereas nearly a quarter of all of the corals showed impact to textgreater90% of the colony. Additionally, 53% of these corals' ophiuroid associates displayed abnormal color and/or attachment posture. Analysis of hopanoid petroleum biomarkers isolated from the floc provides strong evidence that this material contained oil from the Macondo well. The presence of recently damaged and deceased corals beneath the path of a previously documented plume emanating from the Macondo well provides compelling evidence that the oil impacted deep-water ecosystems. Our findings underscore the unprecedented nature of the spill in terms of its magnitude, release at depth, and impact to deep-water ecosystems.
BibTeX:
@article{White2012,
  author = {White, H K and Hsing, P-Y and Cho, W and Shank, T M and Cordes, E E and Quattrini, A M and Nelson, R K and Camilli, R and Demopoulos, A W J and German, C R and Brooks, J M and Roberts, H H and Shedd, W and Reddy, C M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {109},
  number = {50},
  pages = {20303--20308},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1118029109}
}
White HK, Hsing P-Y, Cho W, Shank TM, Cordes EE, Quattrini AM, Nelson RK, Camilli R, Demopoulos AWJ, German CR, Brooks JM, Roberts HH, Shedd W, Reddy CM and Fisher CR (2012), "Reply to Boehm and Carragher: Multiple lines of evidence link deep-water coral damage to Deepwater Horizon oil spill", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., oct, 2012. Vol. 109(40), pp. E2648-E2648.
Abstract: Our original study (1) used visual inspection as well as biological and geochemical analyses of corals and the surrounding sediment to provide complementary and compelling evidence linking the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill to the presence of damaged deep-water corals and brittle stars 11 km from the site of the leaking oil.
BibTeX:
@article{White2012a,
  author = {White, H K and Hsing, P-Y and Cho, W and Shank, T M and Cordes, E E and Quattrini, A M and Nelson, R K and Camilli, R and Demopoulos, A W J and German, C R and Brooks, J M and Roberts, H H and Shedd, W and Reddy, C M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Reply to Boehm and Carragher: Multiple lines of evidence link deep-water coral damage to Deepwater Horizon oil spill},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {109},
  number = {40},
  pages = {E2648--E2648},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1210413109}
}
(2012), "Alvin Submersible's New Sphere Passes Pressure Tests", Sea Technology. Vol. 53(8), pp. 65.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin Submersible's New Sphere Passes Pressure Tests},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {53},
  number = {8},
  pages = {65}
}
Adams DK, McGillicuddy DJ, Zamudio L, Thurnherr AM, Liang X, Rouxel OJ, German CR and Mullineaux LS (2011), "Surface-generated mesoscale eddies transport deep-sea products from hydrothermal vents", Science. Vol. 332(6029), pp. 580-583.
Abstract: Atmospheric forcing, which is known to have a strong influence on surface ocean dynamics and production, is typically not considered in studies of the deep sea. Our observations and models demonstrate an unexpected influence of surface-generated mesoscale eddies in the transport of hydrothermal vent efflux and of vent larvae away from the northern East Pacific Rise. Transport by these deep-reaching eddies provides a mechanism for spreading the hydrothermal chemical and heat flux into the deep-ocean interior and for dispersing propagules hundreds of kilometers between isolated and ephemeral communities. Because the eddies interacting with the East Pacific Rise are formed seasonally and are sensitive to phenomena such as El Niño, they have the potential to introduce seasonal to interannual atmospheric variations into the deep sea.
BibTeX:
@article{Adams2011,
  author = {Adams, D K and McGillicuddy, D J and Zamudio, L and Thurnherr, A M and Liang, X and Rouxel, O J and German, C R and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Surface-generated mesoscale eddies transport deep-sea products from hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {332},
  number = {6029},
  pages = {580--583},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201066},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1201066}
}
Bailey JV, Salman V, Rouse GW, Schulz-Vogt H, Levin LA and Orphan VJ (2011), "Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria", ISME Journal. Vol. 5(12), pp. 1926-1935. International Society for Microbial Ecology.
Abstract: We present evidence for a dimorphic life cycle in the vacuolate sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that appears to involve the attachment of a spherical Thiomargarita-like cell to the exteriors of invertebrate integuments and other benthic substrates at methane seeps. The attached cell elongates to produce a stalk-like form before budding off spherical daughter cells resembling free-living Thiomargarita that are abundant in surrounding sulfidic seep sediments. The relationship between the attached parent cell and free-living daughter cell is reminiscent of the dimorphic life modes of the prosthecate Alphaproteobacteria, but on a grand scale, with individual elongate cells reaching nearly a millimeter in length. Abundant growth of attached Thiomargarita-like bacteria on the integuments of gastropods and other seep fauna provides not only a novel ecological niche for these giant bacteria, but also for animals that may benefit from epibiont colonization.
BibTeX:
@article{Bailey2011,
  author = {Bailey, J V and Salman, V and Rouse, G W and Schulz-Vogt, H and Levin, L A and Orphan, V J},
  title = {Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria},
  journal = {ISME Journal},
  publisher = {International Society for Microbial Ecology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1926--1935},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v5/n12/suppinfo/ismej201166s1.html 10.1038/ismej.2011.66},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.66}
}
Barr SM, Mortensen JK, Thompson MD, Hermes OD and White CE (2011), "Early to Middle Devonian granitic and volcanic rocks from the central Gulf of Maine", Lithos. Vol. 126(3-4), pp. 455-465.
Abstract: Cashes Ledge igneous suite in the central Gulf of Maine is represented by 10 granitic and two felsic tuff samples collected from bedrock outcrops using the submersible Alvin in 1971–1972 and archived at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of zircon grains yielded crystallization ages of 414.9 ± 1.1 Ma and 399.7 ± 1.5 Ma for two alkali feldspar granite samples, 407.0 ± 1.9 Ma for a syenogranite sample, and 384.4 ± 2.3 Ma and 383.9 ± 1.6 Ma for two felsic tuff samples. The samples contain iron-rich mafic minerals, including aegirine-augite, grunerite/ferroedenite, and annite. Most of the samples are alkaline to slightly peralkaline, with high concentrations of SiO2, Y, Zr, Nb, and REE, strong negative Eu anomalies, and positive epsilon Nd values (1.8 to 3.7). The suite resembles part of a belt of similar Silurian–Devonian rocks with ages between 426 and 370 Ma now recognized in the central part of Avalonia in southeastern New England. They formed in a long-lived, likely extensional regime linked to subduction and subsequent complex transcurrent motions among Ganderia, Avalonia, and Meguma, culminating in the closure of the Rheic Ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Barr2011,
  author = {Barr, S M and Mortensen, J K and Thompson, M D and Hermes, O D and White, C E},
  title = {Early to Middle Devonian granitic and volcanic rocks from the central Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {126},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {455--465},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.06.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2011.06.009}
}
Bayer S (2011), "Reproductive traits of pioneer gastropod species colonizing deepsea hydrothermal vents after an eruption" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 49. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: The colonization dynamics and life histories of pioneer species are vital components in understanding the early succession of nascent hydrothermal vents. The reproductive ecology of pioneer species at deep-sea hydrothermal vents may provide insight into their dispersal, population connectivity, and ability to colonize after disturbance. An opportunity to study the reproductive traits of two pioneer gastropod species, Ctenopelta porifera and Lepetodrilus tevnianus, presented itself in 2006 after an eruption on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) eliminated vent communities near 9°50ʹ′N. Standard histological techniques were used to determine whether reproductive characteristics, such as timing of gamete release, fecundity, or time to maturation, differed from other vent gastropods in ways that might explain arrival of these two species as early colonizers. Both species exhibited two-component oocyte size frequency distributions that indicated they were quasi-continuous reproducers with high fecundity. In C. porifera, the oocyte size distributions differed slightly between two collection dates, suggesting that environmental cues may introduce some variability in gamete release. In samples collected within one year of the estimated eruption date, individuals in populations of both C. porifera and L. tevnianus were reproductively mature. The smallest reproducing C. porifera were 4.2 mm (males) and 5.4 mm (females) in shell length, whereas reproductive L. tevnianus were smaller (2.3 and 2.4 mm in males and females respectively). Most C porifera in the population were large (textgreater 6.0 mm) compared to their settlement size and reproductively mature. In contrast, most L tevnianus were small (
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Bayer2011,
  author = {Bayer, S},
  title = {Reproductive traits of pioneer gastropod species colonizing deepsea hydrothermal vents after an eruption},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {49},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4733},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/4733}
}
Becker EL, Macko SA, Lee RW and Fisher CR (2011), "Stable isotopes provide new insights into vestimentiferan physiological ecology at Gulf of Mexico cold seeps", Naturwissenschaften., feb, 2011. Vol. 98(2), pp. 169-174.
Abstract: On the otherwise low-biomass seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) continental slope, natural oil and gas seeps are oases of local primary production that support lush animal communities. Hundreds of seep communities have been documented on the continental slope, and nutrition derived from seeps could be an important link in the overall GoM food web. Here, we present a uniquely large and cohesive data set of δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S compositions of the vestimentiferan tubeworms Escarpia laminata and Lamellibrachia sp. 1, which dominate biomass at GoM seeps and provide habitat for hundreds of other species. Our sampling design encompassed an entire region of the GoM lower slope, allowing us for the first time to assess spatial variability in isotope compositions and to robustly address long-standing hypotheses about how vestimentiferans acquire and cycle nutrients over their long lifespan (200+ years). Tissue δ13C values provided strong evidence that larger adult vestimentiferans use their buried roots to take up dissolved inorganic carbon from sediment pore water, while very small individuals use their plume to take up carbon dioxide from the seawater. δ34S values were extremely variable among individuals of the same species within one location (S values were extremely variable among individuals of the same species within one location (2 area), indicating high variability in the inorganic sulfur pools on a very small spatial scale. This finding supports the hypothesis that vestimentiferans use their roots to cycle sulfate and sulfide between their symbionts and free-living consortia of sulfate-reducing archaea in the sediment. Finally, consistent differences in δ15N between two cooccurring vestimentiferan species provided the first strong evidence for partitioning of inorganic resources, which has significant implications for the ecology and evolution of this taxonomic group.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2011,
  author = {Becker, E L and Macko, S A and Lee, R W and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Stable isotopes provide new insights into vestimentiferan physiological ecology at Gulf of Mexico cold seeps},
  journal = {Naturwissenschaften},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {98},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169--174},
  doi = {10.1007/s00114-010-0754-z}
}
Bennett SA, Statham PJ, Green DRH, Le Bris N, McDermott JM, Prado F, Rouxel OJ, Von Damm KL and German CR (2011), "Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50′N", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 58(9), pp. 922-931.
Abstract: Chemoautotrophic production in seafloor hydrothermal systems has the potential to provide an important source of organic carbon that is exported to the surrounding deep-ocean. While hydrothermal plumes may export carbon, entrained from chimney walls and biologically rich diffuse flow areas, away from sites of venting they also have the potential to provide an environment for in-situ carbon fixation. In this study, we have followed the fate of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) as it is dispersed through and settles beneath a hydrothermal plume system at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise. Concentrations of both DOC and POC are elevated in buoyant plume samples that were collected directly above sites of active venting using both DSV Alvin and a CTD-rosette. Similar levels of POC enrichment are also observed in the dispersing non-buoyant plume, ∼500 m downstream from the vent-site. Further, sediment-trap samples collected beneath the same dispersing plume system, show evidence for a close coupling between organic carbon and Fe oxyhydroxide fluxes. We propose, therefore, a process that concentrates POC into hydrothermal plumes as they disperse through the deep-ocean. This is most probably the result of some combination of preferential adsorption of organic carbon onto Fe-oxyhydroxides and/or microbial activity that preferentially concentrates organic carbon in association with Fe-oxyhydroxides (e.g. through the microbial oxidation of Fe(II) and Fe sulfides). This potential for biological production and consumption within hydrothermal plumes highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the role of the carbon cycle in deep-sea hydrothermal systems as well as the role that hydrothermal systems may play in regulating global deep-ocean carbon budgets.
BibTeX:
@article{Bennett2011,
  author = {Bennett, S A and Statham, P J and Green, D R H and Le Bris, N and McDermott, J M and Prado, F and Rouxel, O J and Von Damm, K L and German, C R},
  title = {Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50′N},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {58},
  number = {9},
  pages = {922--931},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.06.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.06.010}
}
Bennett SA, Hansman RL, Sessions AL, Nakamura K and Edwards KJ (2011), "Tracing iron-fueled microbial carbon production within the hydrothermal plume at the Loihi Seamount", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(19), pp. 5526-5539.
Abstract: The Loihi hydrothermal plume provides an opportunity to investigate iron (Fe) oxidation and microbial processes in a system that is truly Fe dominated and distinct from mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. The lack of hydrogen sulfide within the Loihi hydrothermal fluids and the presence of an oxygen minimum zone at this submarine volcano's summit, results in a prolonged presence of reduced Fe within the dispersing non-buoyant plume. In this study, we have investigated the potential for microbial carbon fixation within the Loihi plume. We sampled for both particulate and dissolved organic carbon in hydrothermal fluids, microbial mats growing around vents, and the dispersing plume, and carried out stable carbon isotope analysis on the particulate fraction. The δ13C values of the microbial mats ranged from −23‰ to −28‰, and are distinct from those of deep-ocean particulate organic carbon (POC). The mats and hydrothermal fluids were also elevated in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to background seawater. Within the hydrothermal plume, DOC and POC concentrations were elevated and the isotopic composition of POC within the plume suggests mixing between background seawater POC and a 13C-depleted hydrothermal component. The combination of both DOC and POC increasing in the dispersing plume that cannot solely be the result of entrainment and DOC adsorption, provides strong evidence for in-situ microbial productivity by chemolithoautotrophs, including a likelihood for iron-oxidizing microorganisms.
BibTeX:
@article{Bennett2011a,
  author = {Bennett, S A and Hansman, R L and Sessions, A L and Nakamura, K and Edwards, K J},
  title = {Tracing iron-fueled microbial carbon production within the hydrothermal plume at the Loihi Seamount},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {19},
  pages = {5526--5539},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.039},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.039}
}
Birgel D, Feng D, Roberts HH and Peckmann J (2011), "Changing redox conditions at cold seeps as revealed by authigenic carbonates from Alaminos Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico", Chemical Geology. Vol. 285(1-4), pp. 82-96.
Abstract: Anaerobic oxidation of methane in anoxic sediments at cold seeps often leads to formation of authigenic carbonates close to the seafloor along continental margins. Recent work, however, indicated that the redox conditions in sediments may vary to some degree during seepage activity. In order to shed new light on the extent of this variability, authigenic carbonates from Alaminos Canyon lease block 645 of the northern Gulf of Mexico have been characterized by means of inorganic and organic geochemistry. The carbonates were collected from seep deposits representing various seafloor morphologies, including extensive pavements, mounds, fractured carbonate slabs surrounded by dense bivalve shells, and vestimentiferan tubeworm colonies. The deposits almost entirely consist of aragonite. The δ18O values of aragonite vary from + 2.6 to + 5.8‰ V-PDB, suggesting precipitation in slight disequilibrium with the surrounding pore fluids. The δ13C values of aragonite between − 33.9 and − 20.4‰ V-PDB agree with variable amounts of carbonate derived from oxidation of thermogenic methane and crude oil. Methane was primarily oxidized in an anaerobic process as revealed by the presence of 13C-depleted molecular fossils of methane-oxidizing archaea (δ13C values as negative as − 118‰) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (δ13C values as negative as − 97‰), the syntrophic partners in the anaerobic oxidation of methane. The observed inventories of molecular fossils in the authigenic carbonates mirror those of known consortia of anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, namely the ANME-2/Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus (DSS) and ANME-3/Desulfobulbus (DBB) consortia. In contrast, the same carbonates exhibit shale-normalized rare earth elements patterns that all display real negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*  In contrast, the same carbonates exhibit shale-normalized rare earth elements patterns that all display real negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* 13C values of the biomarkers of aerobic methanotrophs are as negative as − 58‰ and are consequently less 13C-depleted than the molecular fossils of the prokaryotes performing anaerobic oxidation of methane, a pattern in accord with culture experiments. Overall, our results suggest that redox conditions at cold seeps are variable. This variability probably reflects changes in seepage flux. The combination of an inorganic and an organic geochemical approach used here is promising to better assess the variability and diversity of past fluid and gas expulsion at seeps.
BibTeX:
@article{Birgel2011,
  author = {Birgel, D and Feng, D and Roberts, H H and Peckmann, J},
  title = {Changing redox conditions at cold seeps as revealed by authigenic carbonates from Alaminos Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {285},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {82--96},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.004}
}
Blackman DK, Ildefonse B, John BE, Ohara Y, Miller DJ, Abe N, Abratis M, Andal ES, Andreani M, Awaji S, Beard JS, Brunelli D, Charney AB, Christie DM, Collins J, Delacour AG, Delius H, Drouin M, Einaudi F, Escartin J, Frost BR, Frueh-Green G, Fryer PB, Gee JS, Godard M, Grimes CB, Halfpenny A, Hansen HE, Harris AC, Tamura A, Hayman NW, Hellebrand E, Hirose T, Hirth JG, Ishimaru S, Johnson KTM, Karner GD, Linek M, MacLeod CJ, Maeda J, Mason OU, McCaig AM, Michibayashi K, Morris A, Nakagawa T, Nozaka T, Rosner M, Searle RC, Suhr G, Tominaga M, von der Handt A, Yamasaki T and Zhao X (2011), "Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30 degrees N", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. WASHINGTON; 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA, jul, 2011. Vol. 116, pp. B07103-B07103. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION.
Abstract: Expeditions 304 and 305 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program cored and logged a 1.4 km section of the domal core of Atlantis Massif. Postdrilling research results summarized here constrain the structure and lithology of the Central Dome of this oceanic core complex. The dominantly gabbroic sequence recovered contrasts with predrilling predictions; application of the ground truth in subsequent geophysical processing has produced self-consistent models for the Central Dome. The presence of many thin interfingered petrologic units indicates that the intrusions forming the domal core were emplaced over a minimum of 100-220 kyr, and not as a single magma pulse. Isotopic and mineralogical alteration is intense in the upper 100 m but decreases in intensity with depth. Below 800 m, alteration is restricted to narrow zones surrounding faults, veins, igneous contacts, and to an interval of locally intense serpentinization in olivine-rich troctolite. Hydration of the lithosphere occurred over the complete range of temperature conditions from granulite to zeolite facies, but was predominantly in the amphibolite and greenschist range. Deformation of the sequence was remarkably localized, despite paleomagnetic indications that the dome has undergone at least 45 degrees rotation, presumably during unroofing via detachment faulting. Both the deformation pattern and the lithology contrast with what is known from seafloor studies on the adjacent Southern Ridge of the massif. There, the detachment capping the domal core deformed a 100 m thick zone and serpentinized peridotite comprises similar to 70% of recovered samples. We develop a working model of the evolution of Atlantis Massif over the past 2 Myr, outlining several stages that could explain the observed similarities and differences between the Central Dome and the Southern Ridge.
BibTeX:
@article{Blackman2011,
  author = {Blackman, D K and Ildefonse, B and John, B E and Ohara, Y and Miller, D J and Abe, N and Abratis, M and Andal, E S and Andreani, M and Awaji, S and Beard, J S and Brunelli, D and Charney, A B and Christie, D M and Collins, J and Delacour, A G and Delius, H and Drouin, M and Einaudi, F and Escartin, J and Frost, B R and Frueh-Green, G and Fryer, P B and Gee, J S and Godard, M and Grimes, C B and Halfpenny, A and Hansen, H -E and Harris, A C and Tamura, A and Hayman, N W and Hellebrand, E and Hirose, T and Hirth, J G and Ishimaru, S and Johnson, K T M and Karner, G D and Linek, M and MacLeod, C J and Maeda, J and Mason, O U and McCaig, A M and Michibayashi, K and Morris, A and Nakagawa, T and Nozaka, T and Rosner, M and Searle, R C and Suhr, G and Tominaga, M and von der Handt, A and Yamasaki, T and Zhao, X},
  title = {Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30 degrees N},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {B07103--B07103},
  doi = {10.1029/2010JB007931}
}
Clague DA, Paduan JB, Caress DW, Thomas H, Chadwick WW and Merle SG (2011), "Volcanic morphology of West Mata Volcano, NE Lau Basin, based on high-resolution bathymetry and depth changes", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. WASHINGTON; 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA, nov, 2011. Vol. 12, pp. QOAF03-QOAF03. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION.
Abstract: High-resolution (1.5 m) mapping from the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) D. Allan B. of West Mata Volcano in the northern Lau Basin is used to identify the processes that construct and modify the volcano. The surface consists largely of volcaniclastic debris that forms smooth slopes to the NW and SE, with smaller lava flows forming gently sloping plateaus concentrated along the ENE and WSW rift zones, and more elongate flows radiating from the summit. Two active volcanic vents, Prometheus and Hades, are located ∼50 and ∼150 m WSW of the 1159 m summit, respectively, and are slightly NW of the ridgeline so the most abundant clastic deposits are emplaced on the NW flank. This eruptive activity and the location of vents appears to have been persistent for more than a decade, based on comparison of ship-based bathymetric surveys in 1996 and 2008–2010, which show positive depth changes up to 96 m on the summit and north flank of the volcano. The widespread distribution of clastic deposits downslope from the rift zones, as well as from the current vents, suggests that pyroclastic activity occurs at least as deep as 2200 m. The similar morphology of additional nearby volcanoes suggests that they too have abundant pyroclastic deposits.
BibTeX:
@article{Clague2011,
  author = {Clague, D A and Paduan, J B and Caress, D W and Thomas, Hans and Chadwick, W W and Merle, S G},
  title = {Volcanic morphology of West Mata Volcano, NE Lau Basin, based on high-resolution bathymetry and depth changes},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {QOAF03--QOAF03},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003791}
}
Davis E, Heesemann M and Wang K (2011), "Evidence for episodic aseismic slip across the subduction seismogenic zone off Costa Rica: CORK borehole pressure observations at the subduction prism toe", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 306(3-4), pp. 299-305.
Abstract: Slow slip events, or “silent” earthquakes, may relieve a significant amount of stress at many subduction plate boundaries, both downdip of the limit of seismogenesis, and within the seismogenic zone itself in cases where seismic energy release accounts for only a fraction of the plate tectonic displacement rate (Schwartz and Rokosky, 2007). Slow slip has been identified in several instances downdip of the landward limit of the seismogenic zone and is often accompanied by seismic tremor or low-frequency earthquake activity along and above the plate interface (referred to as “episodic tremor and slip”, or ETS). Little is known, however, about the spatial distribution and history of slip between great earthquakes along the seismogenic thrust interface itself which lies mostly offshore. In this article we present formation pressure transients observed in two deep-sea boreholes near the toe of the subduction prism off Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, which followed ETS events observed on shore by 1–2 weeks. The signatures of the transients are consistent with local slip on the shallow part of the thrust interface, with the underthrusting plate experiencing relaxation and the outer prism experiencing contraction. The delay between the tremor activity and the pressure transients observed c. 100 km seaward at the prism toe suggests either slow propagation across the seismogenic zone or delayed deformation at the outer part of the prism triggered by the slip beneath Nicoya. Such slip may serve generally to relieve stress at subduction zones, but also to increase stress in parts of the plate boundary where interseismic slip does not occur.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2011,
  author = {Davis, E and Heesemann, M and Wang, K},
  title = {Evidence for episodic aseismic slip across the subduction seismogenic zone off Costa Rica: CORK borehole pressure observations at the subduction prism toe},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {306},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {299--305},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.017},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.017}
}
Deardorff ND, Cashman KV and Chadwick WW (2011), "Observations of eruptive plume dynamics and pyroclastic deposits from submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1, Mariana arc", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 202(1-2), pp. 47-59.
Abstract: Observations at the submarine volcano NW Rota-1, Mariana arc, have provided a unique opportunity to study basaltic explosive eruptions at ˜ 550 m below sea level. In particular, during one week of observations in 2006, the active vent evolved from a region of diffuse gas venting and slow lava effusion to a focused vent that emitted a nearly continuous stream of gas with entrained juvenile pyroclasts. The eruptions were small, strombolian bursts that ejected bomb-sized pyroclasts meters above the vent and produced buoyant plumes that rose tens of meters above the vent and contained variable amounts of ash. Sampled pyroclasts are dominantly coarse ash and lapilli with fluidal textures that provide evidence of magmatic fragmentation. However, the blocky morphologies of some clasts, combined with visual evidence of secondary fragmentation, suggest that quench granulation due to rapid cooling was also important in pyroclast formation. Rapid cooling is also suggested by the slow rise of buoyant plumes (which indicates a low heat content and small density contrast with surrounding seawater). Rapid plume deceleration in seawater limited deposition of coarse ash, lapilli, and bombs to within a few meters of the vent, and allowed recycling of ≤˜15% of the ejected clasts. Petrologic evidence for pyroclast recycling is provided by numerous microcrystalline inclusions incorporated within microlite-poor matrix glass. The matrix glass within these inclusions is strongly enriched in chlorine (
BibTeX:
@article{Deardorff2011,
  author = {Deardorff, N D and Cashman, K V and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Observations of eruptive plume dynamics and pyroclastic deposits from submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1, Mariana arc},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {202},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {47--59},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.01.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.01.003}
}
Gartman A, Yucel M, Madison AS, Chu DW, Ma S, Janzen CP, Becker EL, Beinart RA, Girguis PR and Luther GW (2011), "Sulfide Oxidation across Diffuse Flow Zones of Hydrothermal Vents", Aquatic Geochemistry. NEW YORK; 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA, sep, 2011. Vol. 17(4-5), pp. 583-601. SPRINGER.
Abstract: The sulfide (H(2)S/HS(-)) that is emitted from hydrothermal vents begins to oxidize abiotically with oxygen upon contact with ambient bottom water, but the reaction kinetics are slow. Here, using in situ voltammetry, we report detection of the intermediate sulfur oxidation products polysulfides [S(x)(2-)] and thiosulfate [S(2)O(3)(2-)], along with contextual data on sulfide, oxygen, and temperature. At Lau Basin in 2006, thiosulfate was identified in less than one percent of approximately 10,500 scans and no polysulfides were detected. Only five percent of 11,000 voltammetric scans taken at four vent sites at Lau Basin in May 2009 show either thiosulfate or polysulfides. These in situ data indicate that abiotic sulfide oxidation does not readily occur as H(2)S contacts oxic bottom waters. Calculated abiotic potential sulfide oxidation rates are
BibTeX:
@article{Gartman2011,
  author = {Gartman, A and Yucel, M and Madison, A S and Chu, D W and Ma, S and Janzen, C P and Becker, E L and Beinart, R A and Girguis, P R and Luther, G W},
  title = {Sulfide Oxidation across Diffuse Flow Zones of Hydrothermal Vents},
  journal = {Aquatic Geochemistry},
  publisher = {SPRINGER},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {583--601},
  doi = {10.1007/s10498-011-9136-1}
}
Gieskes JM, Rathburn AE, Martin JB, Perez ME, Mahn C, Bernhard JM and Day S (2011), "Cold seeps in Monterey Bay, California: Geochemistry of pore waters and relationship to benthic foraminiferal calcite", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 26(5), pp. 738-746.
Abstract: An extensive geochemical and biogeochemical examination of CH4 seeps in the Clam Flats area of Monterey Bay provides insight into the character of relationships between seep geochemistry and benthic foraminiferal geochemistry. The area is characterized by sulfide-rich fluids. Sulfide increases are associated with large increases in alkalinity, as well as small decreases in dissolved Ca and Mg. In addition, only small increases in NH4 are observed, but values of δ13C of dissolved inorganic C are as low as −60‰ at shallow depths (C of dissolved inorganic C are as low as −60‰ at shallow depths (4, which is transported upward by slow seepage of pore fluids. The geochemistry of the pore fluids should be relevant to the geochemistry of the carbonate tests of living and dead foraminifera. However, a profound disequilibrium of approximately an order of magnitude occurs between the δ13C values of stained (cytoplasm-containing) foraminiferal carbonate and the C isotope values of ambient pore water dissolved inorganic C. Reasons are unclear for this isotopic disequilibrium, but have important implications for interpretations of foraminiferal carbonate as a paleoenvironmental proxy. Much fine scale work is needed to fully understand the relationships between the biogeochemistry of benthic foraminifera and the geochemistry of the pore waters where they live.
BibTeX:
@article{Gieskes2011,
  author = {Gieskes, J M and Rathburn, A E and Martin, J B and Perez, M E and Mahn, C and Bernhard, J M and Day, S},
  title = {Cold seeps in Monterey Bay, California: Geochemistry of pore waters and relationship to benthic foraminiferal calcite},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {26},
  number = {5},
  pages = {738--746},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.032},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.032}
}
Grinar M (2011), "A characterization of a hydrothermal vent community from a diffuse flow vertical wall of "The tower" sulfide edifice at the Juan de Fuca Ridge" Vol. M.S., pp. 48. Temple University.
Abstract: The Juan de Fuca Ridge, located 400 km off the coast of Washington State, is home to unstable and unpredictable hydrothermal vent sites where chemosynthetic communities flourish. In 2007 the manned submersible ALVIN retrieved a Ridgeia piscesae tubeworm community in its entirety from the side of the Tower sulfide edifice from the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47 55.416720 N, 129 6.487020 W, at a depth of 2269 m) using the Bushmaster Jr. collection device. The collection was analyzed for community structure and the data collected were compared to that from several other hydrothermal vent communities. It was determined that substrate composition is a factor that heavily influences community structure. The data were then compared to the community succession model developed by Sarrazin et. al. in 1997 and 1999 (Sarrazin et. al. 1997, Sarrazin and Juniper 1999). The Tower community was found to expand the model as a new community succession classification; that of community iii low flow. The Tower community was then analyzed for diversity, structure and tubeworm morphology in conjunction with two other communities from differing substrata. The Ridgeia piscesae tubeworms were found to be of the "long skinny" morphotype, one that was previously thought to only reside on basaltic substrate. The Tower community has similar species richness and higher species evenness than those from basaltic substrate, but similar richness and lower evenness that those from sulfide. This community type combines the characteristics of those from both substrata, resulting in a community with diversity and structure that is an intermediary between sulfide and basaltic substrates.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Grinar2011,
  author = {Grinar, M},
  title = {A characterization of a hydrothermal vent community from a diffuse flow vertical wall of "The tower" sulfide edifice at the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  publisher = {Temple University},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {48},
  url = {http://digital.library.temple.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/204453}
}
Gross MG (2011), "Seabed search boost", Current Biology. Vol. 21(3), pp. R94-R95.
Abstract: Oceanography's newest deep-sea research submersible is also its oldest.
BibTeX:
@article{Gross2011,
  author = {Gross, M G},
  title = {Seabed search boost},
  journal = {Current Biology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {R94--R95},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.021}
}
Luther III GW, Findlay AJ, MacDonald DJ, Owings SM, Hanson TE, Beinart RA and Girguis PR (2011), "Thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfide oxidation by oxygen: a look at inorganically controlled reactions and biologically mediated processes in the environment", FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. Vol. 2
Abstract: The thermodynamics for the first electron transfer step for sulfide and
oxygen indicates that the reaction is unfavorable as unstable superoxide
and bisulfide radical ions would need to be produced. However, a
two-electron transfer is favorable as stable S(0) and peroxide would be
formed, but the partially filled orbitals in oxygen that accept
electrons prevent rapid kinetics. Abiotic sulfide oxidation kinetics
improve when reduced iron and/or manganese are oxidized by oxygen to
form oxidized metals which in turn oxidize sulfide. Biological sulfur
oxidation relies on enzymes that have evolved to overcome these kinetic
constraints to affect rapid sulfide oxidation. Here we review the
available thermodynamic and kinetic data for H2S and HS center dot as
well as O-2, reactive oxygen species, nitrate, nitrite, and NOx species.
We also present new kinetic data for abiotic sulfide oxidation with
oxygen in trace metal clean solutions that constrain abiotic rates of
sulfide oxidation in metal free solution and agree with the kinetic and
thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, we present experimental data that
give insight on rates of chemolithotrophic and photolithotrophic sulfide
oxidation in the environment. We demonstrate that both anaerobic
photolithotrophic and aerobic chemolithotrophic sulfide oxidation rates
are three or more orders of magnitude higher than abiotic rates
suggesting that in most environments biotic sulfide oxidation rates will
far exceed abiotic rates due to the thermodynamic and kinetic
constraints discussed in the first section of the paper. Such data
reshape our thinking about the biotic and abiotic contributions to
sulfide oxidation in the environment.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000208863500072,
  author = {Luther III, George W and Findlay, Alyssa J and MacDonald, Daniel J and Owings, Shannon M and Hanson, Thomas E and Beinart, Roxanne A and Girguis, Peter R},
  title = {Thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfide oxidation by oxygen: a look at inorganically controlled reactions and biologically mediated processes in the environment},
  journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2011.00062}
}
Simpson A and Watling L (2011), "Precious corals (Coralliidae) from north-western Atlantic Seamounts", JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM., mar, 2011. Vol. 91(2, SI), pp. 369-382.
Abstract: Two new species belonging to the precious coral genus Corallium were
collected during a series of exploratory cruises to the New England and
Corner Rise Seamounts in 2003-2005. One red species, Corallium
bathyrubrum sp. nov., and one white species, C. bayeri sp. nov., are
described. Corallium bathyrubrum is the first red Corallium to be
reported from the western Atlantic. An additional species, C. niobe
Bayer, 1964 originally described from the Straits of Florida, was also
collected and its description augmented.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000287940400009,
  author = {Simpson, Anne and Watling, Les},
  title = {Precious corals (Coralliidae) from north-western Atlantic Seamounts},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2, SI},
  pages = {369--382},
  doi = {10.1017/S002531541000086X}
}
Xie W, Wang F, Guo L, Chen Z, Sievert SM, Meng J, Huang G, Li Y, Yan Q, Wu S, Wang X, Chen S, He G, Xiao X and Xu A (2011), "Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys with contrasting chemistries", ISME JOURNAL., mar, 2011. Vol. 5(3), pp. 414-426.
Abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys harbor a high diversity of largely
unknown microorganisms. Although the phylogenetic diversity of these
microorganisms has been described previously, the adaptation and
metabolic potential of the microbial communities is only beginning to be
revealed. A pyrosequencing approach was used to directly obtain
sequences from a fosmid library constructed from a black smoker chimney
4143-1 in the Mothra hydrothermal vent field at the Juan de Fuca Ridge.
A total of 308 034 reads with an average sequence length of 227 bp were
generated. Comparative genomic analyses of metagenomes from a variety of
environments by two-way clustering of samples and functional gene
categories demonstrated that the 4143-1 metagenome clustered most
closely with that from a carbonate chimney from Lost City. Both are
highly enriched in genes for mismatch repair and homologous
recombination, suggesting that the microbial communities have evolved
extensive DNA repair systems to cope with the extreme conditions that
have potential deleterious effects on the genomes. As previously
reported for the Lost City microbiome, the metagenome of chimney 4143-1
exhibited a high proportion of transposases, implying that horizontal
gene transfer may be a common occurrence in the deep-sea vent chimney
biosphere. In addition, genes for chemotaxis and flagellar assembly were
highly enriched in the chimney metagenomes, reflecting the adaptation of
the organisms to the highly dynamic conditions present within the
chimney walls. Reconstruction of the metabolic pathways revealed that
the microbial community in the wall of chimney 4143-1 was mainly fueled
by sulfur oxidation, putatively coupled to nitrate reduction to perform
inorganic carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. On
the basis of the genomic organization of the key genes of the carbon
fixation and sulfur oxidation pathways contained in the large genomic
fragments, both obligate and facultative autotrophs appear to be present
and contribute to biomass production. The ISME Journal (2011) 5,
414-426; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.144; published online 7 October 2010
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000290021000005,
  author = {Xie, Wei and Wang, Fengping and Guo, Lei and Chen, Zeling and Sievert, Stefan M and Meng, Jun and Huang, Guangrui and Li, Yuxin and Yan, Qingyu and Wu, Shan and Wang, Xin and Chen, Shangwu and He, Guangyuan and Xiao, Xiang and Xu, Anlong},
  title = {Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys with contrasting chemistries},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {414--426},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2010.144}
}
Eichinger I, Klepal W, Schmid M and Bright M (2011), "Organization and Microanatomy of the Sclerolinum contortum Trophosome (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae)", BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN., apr, 2011. Vol. 220(2), pp. 140-153.
Abstract: The trophosome-an organ especially evolved to accommodate symbiotic
bacteria-is a key character of the polychaete family Siboglinidae.
Astonishingly, the trophosomes vary in organization and origin between
the different siboglinid taxa. The trophosome of the small genus
Sclerolinum was nearly unknown until now. Here we investigated the
trophosome of S. contortum from the Gulf of Mexico, using light and
electron microscopy. We show that this organ derives from the visceral
mesoderm and propose that the trophosome of the sister clade
Vestimentifera and Sclerolinum is a homologous character. Like that of
juvenile vestimentiferans, the trophosome of Sclerolinum trophosome is
simply organized. This study reveals that the Sclerolinum trophosome
exhibits two regions that differ in the organization of host tissue and
the size and shape of the symbionts. We suggest that a specific cell
cycle within the symbiont-housing organ is directed along the
longitudinal body axis, with a region of proliferation anteriorly and a
region of degradation posteriorly. Using Raman microspectroscopy we
demonstrate that the endosymbionts of S. contortum from the Gulf of
Mexico contain sulfur vesicles, and we argue for a chemoautotrophic
sulfur-oxidizing metabolism.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000290596200008,
  author = {Eichinger, Irmgard and Klepal, Waltraud and Schmid, Markus and Bright, Monika},
  title = {Organization and Microanatomy of the Sclerolinum contortum Trophosome (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae)},
  journal = {BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {220},
  number = {2},
  pages = {140--153}
}
Anderson RE, Brazelton WJ and Baross JA (2011), "Using CRISPRs as a metagenomic tool to identify microbial hosts of a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent viral assemblage", FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY., jul, 2011. Vol. 77(1), pp. 120-133.
Abstract: Metagenomic analyses of viruses have revealed widespread diversity in
the viriosphere, but it remains a challenge to identify specific hosts
for a viral assemblage. To address this problem, we analyze the viral
metagenome of a northeast Pacific hydrothermal vent with a comprehensive
database of spacers derived from the clustered regularly interspaced
short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) putative immune system. CRISPR spacer
matches to the marine vent virome suggest that viruses infecting hosts
from diverse taxonomic groups are present in this vent environment.
Comparative virome analyses show that CRISPR spacers from vent isolates
and from thermophiles in general have a higher percentage of matches to
the vent virome than to other marine or terrestrial hot spring viromes.
However, a high percentage of hits to spacers from mesophilic hosts,
combined with a moderately high modeled alpha diversity, suggest that
the marine vent virome is comprised of viruses that have the potential
to infect diverse taxonomic groups of multiple thermal regimes in both
the bacterial and the archaeal domains.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000291312500011,
  author = {Anderson, Rika E and Brazelton, William J and Baross, John A},
  title = {Using CRISPRs as a metagenomic tool to identify microbial hosts of a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent viral assemblage},
  journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {120--133},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01090.x}
}
Gennerich H-H and Villinger H (2011), "Deciphering the ocean bottom pressure variation in the Logatchev hydrothermal field at the eastern flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., jul, 2011. Vol. 12
Abstract: Ocean bottom pressure data from the Logatchev hydrothermal field (LHF)
are presented and analyzed. The data were collected with two ocean
bottom pressure meters (OBPs), constructed at the University of Bremen,
that are capable of recording signals with frequencies up to 0.25 Hz.
Over the long-term, a nearly 2.5 kPa (25 cm water column equivalent)
pressure variation over 3.7 years is observed, which is consistent with
uplift followed by subsidence, but cannot unequivocally be discerned
from instrumental drift. Medium-term pressure variations are compared
with satellite surface topography, satellite gravity, ocean modeling,
and in situ data from an OBP 700 km away. It is shown that fluctuations
in the oceanic mass distribution dominate the variations in this
frequency range and that oceanic modeling and data from a 700 km distant
OBP are positively correlated with the LHF bottom pressure time series.
The short-term variations are dominated by microseisms originating from
sea surface waves and pressure waves from earthquakes as can be shown by
comparison with weather buoy and teleseismic data.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000292610200001,
  author = {Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Villinger, Heinrich},
  title = {Deciphering the ocean bottom pressure variation in the Logatchev hydrothermal field at the eastern flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {12},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003441}
}
Williams GC and Alderslade P (2011), "Three new species of pennatulacean octocorals with the ability to attach to rocky substrata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea)", ZOOTAXA., aug, 2011. (3001), pp. 33-48.
Abstract: All sea pens have been thought to anchor in soft sediment using a basal,
sausage-shaped, muscular peduncle. Based on underwater images and
examination of specimens, we report an adaptation of the proximal
portion of the peduncle for attachment to solid surfaces. We document
four species with this adaptation, three new, Anthoptilum lithophilum
sp. nov. (California, 669-700 m), A. gowlettholmesae sp. nov. (Tasmania,
729-1803 m), and Calibelemnon francei sp. nov. (the Bahamas, 1969 m),
and one known, A. decipiens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (Sri Lanka, 925
m). The peduncle of a colony with this adaptation is greatly expanded by
an outgrowth of the coenenchyme that forms a sucker-like structure,
beneath which a conical mass of tough tissue surrounds the proximal end
of the internal axis. We infer this structure affects suction,
increasing or decreasing the strength of adhesion to the substratum, and
discuss the systematics and functional morphology of this new ecological
phenomenon-pennatulaceans fastened to hard substrata. We alter the
definition of the genus Anthoptilum to accommodate this morphology,
reporting on specimens of the type species, A. grandiflorum; compare the
two sea pen families-Anthoptilidae and Scleroptilidae- and the two
genera; and present a key to the known rock-inhabiting species.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000294119400002,
  author = {Williams, Gary C and Alderslade, Philip},
  title = {Three new species of pennatulacean octocorals with the ability to attach to rocky substrata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea)},
  journal = {ZOOTAXA},
  year = {2011},
  number = {3001},
  pages = {33--48}
}
Zielinski FU, Gennerich H-H, Borowski C, Wenzhoefer F and Dubilier N (2011), "In situ measurements of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and temperature in diffuse fluids of an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vent field (Logatchev, 14 degrees 45 ` N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Implications for chemosymbiotic bathymodiolin mussels", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., sep, 2011. Vol. 12
Abstract: The Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (14 degrees 45'N, Mid-Atlantic
Ridge) is located in a ridge segment characterized by mantle-derived
ultramafic outcrops. Compared to basalt-hosted vents, Logatchev
high-temperature fluids are relatively low in sulfide indicating that
the diffuse, low-temperature fluids of this vent field may not contain
sufficient sulfide concentrations to support a chemosymbiotic
invertebrate community. However, the high abundances of bathymodiolin
mussels with bacterial symbionts related to free-living sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria suggested that bioavailable sulfide is present at Logatchev. To
clarify, if diffuse fluids above mussel beds of Bathymodiolus
puteoserpentis provide the reductants and oxidants needed by their
symbionts for aerobic sulfide oxidation, in situ microsensor
measurements of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and oxygen were combined with
simultaneous temperature measurements. High temporal fluctuations of all
three parameters were measured above the mussel beds. H2S and O-2
coexisted with mean concentrations between 9 and 31 mu M (H2S) and 216
and 228 mu M (O-2). Temperature maxima (textless= 7.4 degrees C) were generally
concurrent with H2S maxima (textless= 156 mu M) and O-2 minima (textgreater= 142 mu M).
Long-term measurements for 250 days using temperature as a proxy for
oxygen and sulfide concentrations indicated that the mussels were
neither oxygen limited nor sulfide limited. Our in situ measurements at
Logatchev indicate that sulfide may also be bioavailable in diffuse
fluids from other ultramafic-hosted vents along slow and ultraslow
spreading ridges.
Components: 12,100 words, 9 figures, 4 tables.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000295134600001,
  author = {Zielinski, Frank U and Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Borowski, Christian and Wenzhoefer, Frank and Dubilier, Nicole},
  title = {In situ measurements of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and temperature in diffuse fluids of an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vent field (Logatchev, 14 degrees 45 ` N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Implications for chemosymbiotic bathymodiolin mussels},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {12},
  doi = {10.1029/2011GC003632}
}
Xu G and Di Iorio D (2011), "The relative effects of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes", JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA., oct, 2011. Vol. 130(4, 1), pp. 1856-1867.
Abstract: Acoustic methods are applied to the investigation and monitoring of a
vigorous hydrothermal plume within the Main Endeavor vent field at the
Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Forward propagation and
scattering from suspended particulates using Rayleigh scattering theory
is shown to be negligible (log-amplitude variance sigma(2)(chi) similar
to 10(-7)) compared to turbulence induced by temperature fluctuations
(sigma(2)(chi) similar to 0.1). The backscattering from turbulence is
then quantified using the forward scattering derived turbulence level,
which gives a volume backscattering strength of s(V) = 6.5 x 10(-8)
m(-1). The volume backscattering cross section from particulates can
range from s(V) = 3.3 x 10(-6) to 7.2 x 10(-10) m(-1) depending on the
particle size. These results show that forward scatter acoustic methods
in hydrothermal vent applications can be used to quantify turbulence and
its effect on backscatter measurements, which can be a dominant factor
depending on the particle size and its location within the plume. (C)
2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3624816]
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000295799400034,
  author = {Xu, Guangyu and Di Iorio, Daniela},
  title = {The relative effects of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {130},
  number = {4, 1},
  pages = {1856--1867},
  doi = {10.1121/1.3624816}
}
Schauer R, Roy H, Augustin N, Gennerich H-H, Peters M, Wenzhoefer F, Amann R and Meyerdierks A (2011), "Bacterial sulfur cycling shapes microbial communities in surface sediments of an ultramafic hydrothermal vent field", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY., oct, 2011. Vol. 13(10), pp. 2633-2648.
Abstract: The ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (LHF) is
characterized by vent fluids, which are enriched in dissolved hydrogen
and methane compared with fluids from basalt-hosted systems. Thick
sediment layers in LHF are partly covered by characteristic white mats.
In this study, these sediments were investigated in order to determine
biogeochemical processes and key organisms relevant for primary
production. Temperature profiling at two mat-covered sites showed a
conductive heating of the sediments. Elemental sulfur was detected in
the overlying mat and metal-sulfides in the upper sediment layer.
Micro-profiles revealed an intensive hydrogen sulfide flux from deeper
sediment layers. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that
filamentous and vibrioid, Arcobacter-related Epsilonproteobacteria
dominated the overlying mats. This is in contrast to sulfidic sediments
in basalt-hosted fields where mats of similar appearance are composed of
large sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. Epsilonproteobacteria
(7-21%) and Deltaproteobacteria (20-21%) were highly abundant in the
surface sediment layer. The physiology of the closest cultivated
relatives, revealed by comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis, was
characterized by the capability to metabolize sulfur components. High
sulfate reduction rates as well as sulfide depleted in (34)S further
confirmed the importance of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. In
contrast, methane was found to be of minor relevance for microbial life
in mat-covered surface sediments. Our data indicate that in conductively
heated surface sediments microbial sulfur cycling is the driving force
for bacterial biomass production although ultramafichosted systems are
characterized by fluids with high levels of dissolved methane and
hydrogen.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000295971300003,
  author = {Schauer, Regina and Roy, Hans and Augustin, Nico and Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Peters, Marc and Wenzhoefer, Frank and Amann, Rudolf and Meyerdierks, Anke},
  title = {Bacterial sulfur cycling shapes microbial communities in surface sediments of an ultramafic hydrothermal vent field},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {13},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2633--2648},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02530.x}
}
Thresher RE, Adkins J, Fallon SJ, Gowlett-Holmes K, Althaus F and Williams A (2011), "Extraordinarily high biomass benthic community on Southern Ocean seamounts", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS., oct, 2011. Vol. 1
Abstract: We describe a previously unknown assemblage of seamount-associated megabenthos that has by far the highest peak biomass reported in the deep-sea outside of vent communities. The assemblage was found at depths of 2-2.5 km on rocky geomorphic features off the southeast coast of Australia, in an area near the Sub-Antarctic Zone characterised by high rates of surface productivity and carbon export to the deep-ocean. These conditions, and the taxa in the assemblage, are widely distributed around the Southern mid-latitudes, suggesting the high-biomass assemblage is also likely to be widespread. The role of this assemblage in regional ecosystem and carbon dynamics and its sensitivities to anthropogenic impacts are unknown. The discovery highlights the lack of information on deep-sea biota worldwide and the potential for unanticipated impacts of deep-sea exploitation.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000296056300001,
  author = {Thresher, R E and Adkins, J and Fallon, S J and Gowlett-Holmes, K and Althaus, F and Williams, A},
  title = {Extraordinarily high biomass benthic community on Southern Ocean seamounts},
  journal = {SCIENTIFIC REPORTS},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/srep00119}
}
Thresher RE, Adkins J and Thiagarajan N (2011), "Modal analysis of the deep-water solitary scleractinian, Desmophyllum dianthus, on SW Pacific seamounts: inferred recruitment periodicity, growth, and mortality rates", CORAL REEFS., dec, 2011. Vol. 30(4), pp. 1063-1070.
Abstract: Little is known about the demography of corals inhabiting deep-sea features due to the logistical difficulties of working at the extreme depths they inhabit. To obtain basic information about growth, mortality, and recruitment dynamics for such a coral, we applied modal analysis to the size frequency distributions of live-caught and sub-fossil specimens of the widely distributed solitary cup coral, Desmophyllum dianthus, collected on SW Pacific seamounts. Comparison of live-caught material collected in 1997 and 2007-2009 indicated modal progression over time and an implied maximum age of approximately 190 years, which is similar to ages determined previously for D. dianthus using radiometric techniques. A log-linear decline in the number of individuals with increasing size further implies a constant adult mortality rate, of 15.1% per annum in 1997 and 9.2% per annum in 2007-2009. The spacing of size modes in the 2007-2009 samples suggests regularly episodic recruitment events, at 22- to 32-year intervals, which may relate to periodic variability in large-scale Southern Ocean circulation. Preliminary analyses of size frequency distributions of the sub-fossil material suggest that the trophodynamics, growth, and adult mortality schedules of D. dianthus in the SW Pacific have remained basically similar throughout the Holocene.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000296085300022,
  author = {Thresher, R E and Adkins, J and Thiagarajan, N},
  title = {Modal analysis of the deep-water solitary scleractinian, Desmophyllum dianthus, on SW Pacific seamounts: inferred recruitment periodicity, growth, and mortality rates},
  journal = {CORAL REEFS},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1063--1070},
  doi = {10.1007/s00338-011-0806-7}
}
Thresher RE, Tilbrook B, Fallon S, Wilson NC and Adkins J (2011), "Effects of chronic low carbonate saturation levels on the distribution, growth and skeletal chemistry of deep-sea corals and other seamount megabenthos", MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Vol. 442, pp. 87-99.
Abstract: Ocean acidification has been predicted to reduce the ability of marine organisms to produce carbonate skeletons, threatening their long-term viability and severely impacting marine ecosystems. Corals, as ecosystem engineers, have been identified as particularly vulnerable and important. To determine the sensitivity of corals and allied taxa to long-term exposure to very low carbonate concentrations, we examined the distribution and skeletal characteristics of coral taxa along a natural deep-sea concentration gradient on seamounts of SW Australia. Carbonate under-saturation had little evident effect on the depth distribution, growth or skeletal composition of live scleractinians or gorgonians, with corals growing, often abundantly, in waters as much as 20 to 30% under-saturated. Developmental anomalies in the deepest skeleton-forming anthozoan collected (an isidid gorgonian, at nearly 4 km depth) suggest an absolute low tolerance limit of about 40% under-saturation. Evidence for an effect of acidification on the accumulation of reef structure is ambiguous, with clear indications of dissolution of high-magnesium calcite (HMC) gorgonian skeletons at depths below 2300 m, but also abundant, old scleractinian skeletons well below the aragonite saturation horizon. The latter might be the result of ferromanganese deposition on exposed skeletons, which, however, may render them inhospitable for benthic organisms.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000298301200007,
  author = {Thresher, Ronald E and Tilbrook, Bronte and Fallon, Stewart and Wilson, Nick C and Adkins, Jess},
  title = {Effects of chronic low carbonate saturation levels on the distribution, growth and skeletal chemistry of deep-sea corals and other seamount megabenthos},
  journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {442},
  pages = {87--99},
  doi = {10.3354/meps09400}
}
Holler T, Widdel F, Knittel K, Amann R, Kellermann MY, Hinrichs K-U, Teske A, Boetius A and Wegener G (2011), "Thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine microbial consortia", ISME JOURNAL., dec, 2011. Vol. 5(12), pp. 1946-1956.
Abstract: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate controls the
emission of the greenhouse gas methane from the ocean floor. AOM is
performed by microbial consortia of archaea (ANME) associated with
partners related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. In vitro enrichments of
AOM were so far only successful at temperatures textless= 25 degrees C;
however, energy gain for growth by AOM with sulfate is in principle also
possible at higher temperatures. Sequences of 16S rRNA genes and core
lipids characteristic for ANME as well as hints of in situ AOM activity
were indeed reported for geothermally heated marine environments, yet no
direct evidence for thermophilic growth of marine ANME consortia was
obtained to date. To study possible thermophilic AOM, we investigated
hydrothermally influenced sediment from the Guaymas Basin. In vitro
incubations showed activity of sulfate-dependent methane oxidation
between 5 and 70 degrees C with an apparent optimum between 45 and 60
degrees C. AOM was absent at temperatures textgreater= 75 degrees C. Long-term
enrichment of AOM was fastest at 50 degrees C, yielding a 13-fold
increase of methane-dependent sulfate reduction within 250 days,
equivalent to an apparent doubling time of 68 days. The enrichments were
dominated by novel ANME-1 consortia, mostly associated with bacterial
partners of the deltaproteobacterial HotSeep-1 cluster, a deeply
branching phylogenetic group previously found in a butane-amended 60
degrees C-enrichment culture of Guaymas sediments. The closest relatives
(Desulfurella spp.; Hippea maritima) are moderately thermophilic sulfur
reducers. Results indicate that AOM and ANME archaea could be of
biogeochemical relevance not only in cold to moderate but also in hot
marine habitats. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 1946-1956; doi:
10.1038/ismej.2011.77; published online 23 June 2011
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000299052400011,
  author = {Holler, Thomas and Widdel, Friedrich and Knittel, Katrin and Amann, Rudolf and Kellermann, Matthias Y and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe and Teske, Andreas and Boetius, Antje and Wegener, Gunter},
  title = {Thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine microbial consortia},
  journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1946--1956},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.77}
}
Teresa Aguado M and Rouse GW (2011), "Nautiliniellidae (Annelida) from Costa Rican cold seeps and a western Pacific hydrothermal vent, with description of four new species", SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY. Vol. 9(2), pp. 109-131.
Abstract: Four genera and five species of Nautiliniellidae (Phyllodocida;
Annelida), representing four new species and one new record, were found
in association with bivalves belonging to Mytilidae (Bathymodiolus
spp.), Solemyidae (Acharax sp.) and Vesicomyidae (Calyptogena and
Vesicomya) from hydrothermal vents of the western Pacific (Lau back-arc
basin) and cold seeps of the eastern Pacific (Costa Rica).
Iheyomytilidicola lauensis n. sp. is characterized by the presence of
unidentate hooks; Laubierus alvini n. sp. has long dorsal cirri and
notoacicula not protruding in any segment; Natsushima sashai n. sp has
bifurcate chaetae with distal teeth markedly different in length and
width between each other; and Shinkai fontefridae n. sp. differs in
having posterior hooks with subdistal spines. Sexual dimorphism is
described for Shinkai and Natsushima species and confirmed by DNA
sequencing (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences). In addition, one
specimen of N. bifurcata Miura & Laubier, 1990 from the Gulf of Cadiz
has been studied to compare it morphologically and genetically with N.
sashai n. sp. Scanning electron and optical microscopy images are
provided for each species, as well as pictures of live animals.
Morphological features described and documented for the first time
include the presence of internal longitudinal chambers within chaetae
and possible evidence that the simple chaetae, characteristic of
nautiliniellids, may be derived from compound chaetae.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000299425400001,
  author = {Teresa Aguado, M and Rouse, Greg W},
  title = {Nautiliniellidae (Annelida) from Costa Rican cold seeps and a western Pacific hydrothermal vent, with description of four new species},
  journal = {SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--131},
  doi = {10.1080/14772000.2011.569033}
}
Kinsey JC, Yoerger DR, Jakuba MV, Camilli R, Fisher CR and German CR (2011), "Assessing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle", 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). , pp. 261-267.
Abstract: This paper reports the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle and its deployment on two cruises in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The first cruise, in June 2010, coupled Sentry with the TETHYS mass spectrometer to track and localize a subsea hydrocarbon plume at a depth of approximately 1100m going at least 30km from the oil spill site. In December 2010, Sentry mapped and photographed deep-sea biological communities for follow-up observations and sampling with the Alvin manned submersible. These cruises demonstrate how robots and novel sensing technologies contributed to the oil spill assessment and the broader impact of technologies developed for basic research.
BibTeX:
@article{Kinsey2011,
  author = {Kinsey, J C and Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Camilli, Rich and Fisher, C R and German, C R},
  title = {Assessing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle},
  journal = {2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {261--267},
  doi = {10.1109/IROS.2011.6095008}
}
Li J, Zhou HY, Peng XT, Fu M, Chen ZQ and Yao HQ (2011), "Abundance and distribution of fatty acids within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney", Journal of Sea Research. Vol. 65(3), pp. 333-339.
Abstract: Abundance and distribution of total fatty acids (TFAs) were examined along the physicochemical gradient within an active hydrothermal chimney collected from the Main Endeavour segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Approximately 27 fatty acids are identified with a chain-length ranging from C12 to C22. From the exterior to the interior of the chimney walls, the total concentrations of TFAs (∑ TFAs) show a trend of evident decrease. The observed compositions of TFAs are rich in bacterial biomarkers especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and minor branched and cyclopropyl FAs. On the basis of the species-specific FAs and bacterial 16SrRNA gene analysis (Li et al., unpublished data), sulfur-based metabolism appears to be the essential metabolic process in the chimney. Furthermore, the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are identified as a basic component of microbial communities at the exterior of the hydrothermal chimney, and its proportion shows an inward decrease while the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have an inverse distribution.
BibTeX:
@article{Li2011,
  author = {Li, J and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Fu, M and Chen, Z Q and Yao, H Q},
  title = {Abundance and distribution of fatty acids within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney},
  journal = {Journal of Sea Research},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {65},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--339},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005}
}
Ludwig KA, Shen CC, Kelley DS, Cheng H and Edwards RL (2011), "U-Th systematics and ages of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(7), pp. 1869-1888.
Abstract: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF) is a serpentinite-hosted vent field located 15 km west of the spreading axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In this study, uranium–thorium (U–Th) geochronological techniques have been used to examine the U–Th systematics of hydrothermal fluids and the 230Th ages of hydrothermally-precipitated carbonate chimneys at the LCHF. Fluid sample analyses indicate that endmember fluids likely contain only 0.0073 ng/g U or less compared to 3.28 ± 0.03 ng/g of U in ambient seawater. For fluid samples containing only 2–21% ambient seawater (1.1–11 mmol/kg Mg), Th concentration is 0.11–0.13 pg/g and surrounding seawater concentrations average 0.133 ± 0.016 pg/g. The 230Th/232Th atomic ratios of the vent fluids range from 1 (±10) × 10−6 to 11 (±5) × 10−6, are less than those of seawater, and indicate that the vent fluids may contribute a minor amount of non-radiogenic 230Th to the LCHF carbonate chimney deposits. Chimney 238U concentrations range from 1 to 10 μg/g and the average chimney corrected initial δ234U is 147.2 ± 0.8, which is not significantly different from the ambient seawater value of 146.5 ± 0.6. Carbonate 232Th concentrations range broadly from 0.0038 ± 0.0003 to 125 ± 16 ng/g and 230Th/232Th atomic ratios vary from near seawater values of 43 (±8) × 10−6 up to 530 (±25) × 10−3. Chimney ages, corrected for initial 230Th, range from 17 ± 6 yrs to 120 ± 13 kyrs. The youngest chimneys are at the intersection of two active, steeply-dipping normal faults that cut the Atlantis Massif; the oldest chimneys are located in the southwest portion of the field. Vent deposits on a steep, fault-bounded wall on the east side of the field are all Th, range from 17 ± 6 yrs to 120 ± 13 kyrs. The youngest chimneys are at the intersection of two active, steeply-dipping normal faults that cut the Atlantis Massif; the oldest chimneys are located in the southwest portion of the field. Vent deposits on a steep, fault-bounded wall on the east side of the field are all
BibTeX:
@article{Ludwig2011,
  author = {Ludwig, K A and Shen, C C and Kelley, D S and Cheng, H and Edwards, R L},
  title = {U-Th systematics and ages of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1869--1888},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.008}
}
Luther GW, Findlay AJ, MacDonald DJ, Owings SM, Hanson TE, Beinart RA and Girguis PR (2011), "Thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfide oxidation by oxygen: a look at inorganically controlled reactions and biologically mediated processes in the environment", Frontiers in Microbiology. LAUSANNE; PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND Vol. 2, pp. 62. FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION.
Abstract: The thermodynamics for the first electron transfer step for sulfide and oxygen indicates that the reaction is unfavorable as unstable superoxide and bisulfide radical ions would need to be produced. However, a two-electron transfer is favorable as stable S(0) and peroxide would be formed, but the partially filled orbitals in oxygen that accept electrons prevent rapid kinetics. Abiotic sulfide oxidation kinetics improve when reduced iron and/or manganese are oxidized by oxygen to form oxidized metals which in turn oxidize sulfide. Biological sulfur oxidation relies on enzymes that have evolved to overcome these kinetic constraints to affect rapid sulfide oxidation. Here we review the available thermodynamic and kinetic data for H2S and HS center dot as well as O-2, reactive oxygen species, nitrate, nitrite, and NOx species. We also present new kinetic data for abiotic sulfide oxidation with oxygen in trace metal clean solutions that constrain abiotic rates of sulfide oxidation in metal free solution and agree with the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, we present experimental data that give insight on rates of chemolithotrophic and photolithotrophic sulfide oxidation in the environment. We demonstrate that both anaerobic photolithotrophic and aerobic chemolithotrophic sulfide oxidation rates are three or more orders of magnitude higher than abiotic rates suggesting that in most environments biotic sulfide oxidation rates will far exceed abiotic rates due to the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints discussed in the first section of the paper. Such data reshape our thinking about the biotic and abiotic contributions to sulfide oxidation in the environment.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2011,
  author = {Luther, G W and Findlay, A J and MacDonald, D J and Owings, S M and Hanson, T E and Beinart, R A and Girguis, P R},
  title = {Thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfide oxidation by oxygen: a look at inorganically controlled reactions and biologically mediated processes in the environment},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  publisher = {FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {62},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2011.00062}
}
Mansour AS and Sassen R (2011), "Mineralogical and stable isotopic characterization of authigenic carbonate from a hydrocarbon seep site, Gulf of Mexico slope: Possible relation to crude oil degradation", Marine Geology. Vol. 281(1-4), pp. 59-69.
Abstract: One of the characteristic features on the cold deep seafloor on Atwater Valley (AT) Block 425 (1930 m water depth) in the Gulf of Mexico is the occurrence of seepage of crude oil and hydrocarbon gases associated with thermogenic gas hydrate and authigenic carbonate deposits. Mineralogical, petrographic and isotopic analyses revealed that the precipitation of these carbonates was related to the microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Carbonate deposits are composed of heavily oil-stained, small nodules to large cobbles of dense limestones of fine-grained textures. Other carbonate fragments are composed of small intraclasts, pellets and some bivalve shell fragments cemented together by aragonite cement. XRD analysis and petrographic investigations revealed that the authigenic carbonate is predominantly composed of aragonite that occurs as microcrystalline matrix and cement. Microcrystalline, sparitic and botryoidal acicular aragonite crystals are observed as void-filling cement. The δ18O values of the authigenic carbonate (3.80 to 4.16‰ V-PDB) suggest that the precipitating fluid has equilibrated with the cold bottom seawater. The calculated δ18O values (0.18 to 0.54‰ SMOW) of the precipitating fluid show subtle deviation from the values reported for the present bottom seawater. This is attributed possibly to the precipitation from pore water with temperature ranged from 3.3 to 1.7 °C, which is less than the measured bottom seawater (4 °C). However, the mixing of the marine pore water with some deep hydrocarbon-rich brines or hydrate-water would provide a source of 18O-enrichment fluid for the precipitation of the authigenic carbonates. Based on the predominance of aragonite with botryoidal and clotted fabric, the occurrence of pyrite and from the oxygen isotopic data, it is plausible that the authigenic carbonates may have formed near the sediment/water interface in an oxygen-depleted environment with low temperature. The narrow range of the δ13C values of the authigenic carbonate (− 23.88 to − 28.62‰ V-PDB) suggests that a single source of carbon is predominant. Based on the moderately low δ13C values and the occurrence of spots of crude oil coatings of the carbonate samples, in addition to the application of a carbon isotope mass balance model, the carbon involving in the formation of the carbonates of the AT 425 seep site could be mainly derived from microbial degradation of crude oil. Microbial oxidation of non-methane thermogenic hydrocarbon gases such as ethane, propane and isobutane would play some role as a source of carbonate-carbon.
BibTeX:
@article{Mansour2011,
  author = {Mansour, A S and Sassen, R},
  title = {Mineralogical and stable isotopic characterization of authigenic carbonate from a hydrocarbon seep site, Gulf of Mexico slope: Possible relation to crude oil degradation},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {281},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {59--69},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.004}
}
Mottl MJ, Seewald JS, Wheat CG, Tivey MK, Michael PJ, Proskurowski G, McCollom TM, Reeves E, Sharkey J, You CF, Chan LH and Pichler T (2011), "Chemistry of hot springs along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(4), pp. 1013-1038.
Abstract: The Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) is the southernmost part of the back-arc spreading axis in the Lau Basin, west of the Tonga trench and the active Tofua volcanic arc. Over its 397-km length it exhibits large and systematic changes in spreading rate, magmatic/tectonic processes, and proximity to the volcanic arc. In 2005, we collected 81 samples of vent water from six hydrothermal fields along the ELSC. The chemistry of these waters varies both within and between vent fields, in response to changes in substrate composition, temperature and pressure, pH, water/rock ratio, and input from magmatic gases and subducted sediment. Hot-spring temperatures range from 229° to 363 °C at the five northernmost fields, with a general decrease to the south that is reversed at the Mariner field. The southernmost field, Vai Lili, emitted water at up to 334 °C in 1989 but had a maximum venting temperature of only 121 °C in 2005, due to waning activity and admixture of bottom seawater into the subseafloor plumbing system. Chloride varies both within fields and from one field to another, from a low of 528 mmol/kg to a high of 656 mmol/kg, and may be enriched by phase separation and/or leaching of Cl from the rock. Concentrations of the soluble elements K, Rb, Cs, and B likewise increase southward as the volcanic substrate becomes more silica-rich, especially on the Valu Fa Ridge. Iodine and δ7Li increase southward, and δ11B decreases as B increases, apparently in response to increased input from subducted sediment as the arc is approached. Species that decrease southward as temperature falls are Si, H2S, Li, Na/Cl, Fe, Mn, and 87Sr/86Sr, whereas pH, alkalinity, Ca, and Sr increase. Oxygen isotopes indicate a higher water/rock ratio in the three systems on Valu Fa Ridge, consistent with higher porosity in more felsic volcanic rocks. Vent waters at the Mariner vent field on the Valu Fa Ridge are significantly hotter, more acid and metal-rich, less saline, and richer in dissolved gases and other volatiles, including H2S, CO2, and F, than the other vent fields, consistent with input of magmatic gases. The large variations in geologic and geophysical parameters produced by back-arc spreading along the ELSC, which exceed those along mid-ocean ridge spreading axes, produce similar large variations in the composition of vent waters, and thus provide new insights into the processes that control the chemistry of submarine hot springs.
BibTeX:
@article{Mottl2011,
  author = {Mottl, M J and Seewald, J S and Wheat, C G and Tivey, M K and Michael, P J and Proskurowski, G and McCollom, T M and Reeves, E and Sharkey, J and You, C F and Chan, L H and Pichler, T},
  title = {Chemistry of hot springs along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1013--1038},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.008}
}
Orcutt BN, Sylvan JB, Knab NJ and Edwards KJ (2011), "Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor ", Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. Vol. 75(2), pp. 361-422.
Abstract: The majority of life on Earth—notably, microbial life—occurs in places that do not receive sunlight, with the habitats of the oceans being the largest of these reservoirs. Sunlight penetrates only a few tens to hundreds of meters into the ocean, resulting in large-scale microbial ecosystems that function in the dark. Our knowledge of microbial processes in the dark ocean—the aphotic pelagic ocean, sediments, oceanic crust, hydrothermal vents, etc.—has increased substantially in recent decades. Studies that try to decipher the activity of microorganisms in the dark ocean, where we cannot easily observe them, are yielding paradigm-shifting discoveries that are fundamentally changing our understanding of the role of the dark ocean in the global Earth system and its biogeochemical cycles. New generations of researchers and experimental tools have emerged, in the last decade in particular, owing to dedicated research programs to explore the dark ocean biosphere. This review focuses on our current understanding of microbiology in the dark ocean, outlining salient features of various habitats and discussing known and still unexplored types of microbial metabolism and their consequences in global biogeochemical cycling. We also focus on patterns of microbial diversity in the dark ocean and on processes and communities that are characteristic of the different habitats.
BibTeX:
@article{Orcutt2011,
  author = {Orcutt, B N and Sylvan, J B and Knab, N J and Edwards, K J},
  title = {Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor },
  journal = {Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {361--422},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/​MMBR.00039-10},
  doi = {10.1128/MMBR.00039-10}
}
Pester NJ, Rough M, Ding K and Seyfried WE (2011), "A new Fe/Mn geothermometer for hydrothermal systems: Implications for high-salinity fluids at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(24), pp. 7881-7892.
Abstract: Field and experimental investigations demonstrate the chemistry of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent fluids reflects fluid–mineral reaction at higher temperatures than those typically measured at the seafloor. To account for this and, in turn, be able to better constrain sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes, we have developed an empirical geothermometer based on the dissolved Fe/Mn ratio in high-temperature fluids. Using data from basalt alteration experiments, the relationship; T (°C) = 331.24 + 112.41*log[Fe/Mn] has been calibrated between 350 and 450 °C. The apparent Fe–Mn equilibrium demonstrated by the experimental data is in good agreement with natural vent fluids, suggesting broad applicability. When used in conjunction with constraints imposed by quartz solubility, associated sub-seafloor pressures can be estimated for basalt-hosted systems. As an example, this methodology is used to interpret new data from 13°N on the East Pacific Rise, where high-temperature fluids both enriched and depleted in chloride (339–646 mmol/kg), relative to seawater, are actively venting within a close proximity. Accounting for these variable salinities, active phase separation is clearly taking place at 13°N, yet the fluid Fe/Mn ratios and the silica concentrations suggest equilibration at temperatures less than those coinciding with the two-phase region. These data show the chloride-enriched fluid reflects the highest temperature and pressure (∼432 °C, 400 bars) of equilibration, consistent with circulation near the top of the inferred magma chamber. This is in agreement with the elevated CO2 concentration relative to the chloride-depleted fluids. The noted temperature derived from the Fe/Mn geothermometer is higher than the critical temperature for a fluid of equivalent salinity. This carries the important implication that, despite being chloride-enriched relative to seawater, these fluids evolved as the vapor component of even higher salinity brine.
BibTeX:
@article{Pester2011,
  author = {Pester, N J and Rough, M and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E},
  title = {A new Fe/Mn geothermometer for hydrothermal systems: Implications for high-salinity fluids at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {24},
  pages = {7881--7892},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.043},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.043}
}
Pietruszka AJ, Keyes MJ, Duncan JA, Hauri EH, Carlson RW and Garcia MO (2011), "Excesses of seawater-derived 234U in volcanic glasses from Loihi Seamount due to crustal contamination", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 304(1-2), pp. 280-289.
Abstract: The effects of crustal contamination on the chemistry of oceanic basalts are commonly assumed to be negligible due to the compositional similarity between the erupted basalt and the underlying oceanic crust or volcanic edifice. Here we evaluate this assumption with high-precision measurements of the 234U–238U and 230Th–238U disequilibria, Cl/K2O ratios, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of volcanic glasses from Loihi Seamount, a submarine Hawaiian volcano with an active hydrothermal system. The samples, including one from the volcano's 1996 eruption, have small to moderate amounts of excess 234U (˜ 0.2–1.0%) and variable, elevated Cl/K2O ratios. These excesses of 234U and enrichments in Cl are thought to result from contamination with seawater-derived U and Cl, but neither of these signatures can be explained by syn- or post-eruptive interaction between lava and seawater. Instead, mantle-derived magmas at Loihi appear to be variably contaminated with two distinct crustal materials: hydrothermal brines (which create enrichments in Cl) and U-enriched hydrothermally altered rocks (which create excesses of 234U). Both of these materials are expected to be found within the volcanic edifice as complementary parts of the volcano's hydrothermal system. The Loihi glasses display a wide measured range in the amount of excess 230Th from ˜1 to 7% (due to the addition of seawater-derived U) that overlaps with lavas from Kilauea Volcano (˜ 2% excess 230Th). We correct the 230Th–238U disequilibria of the Loihi glasses back to their original pre-contamination values using their 234U–238U disequilibria and a simple mass-balance calculation. This correction suggests that mantle-derived magmas at Loihi have a narrow range of ˜ 6–9% excess 230Th, which is significantly larger than observed for lavas from the neighboring volcano, Kilauea. This difference is consistent with the idea that Loihi is tapping mantle that is upwelling slowly (˜ 5–6 cm/yr) on the margin of the Hawaiian plume.
BibTeX:
@article{Pietruszka2011,
  author = {Pietruszka, A J and Keyes, M J and Duncan, J A and Hauri, E H and Carlson, R W and Garcia, M O},
  title = {Excesses of seawater-derived 234U in volcanic glasses from Loihi Seamount due to crustal contamination},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {304},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {280--289},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.018},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.018}
}
Quistad SD and Valentine DL (2011), "Anaerobic propane oxidation in marine hydrocarbon seep sediments", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(8), pp. 2159-2169.
Abstract: Propane (C3H8) is an abundant hydrocarbon in subsurface reservoirs with significance to atmospheric chemistry and to marine biogeochemistry. The anaerobic oxidation of propane coupled to sulfate reduction may prevent sub-seafloor accumulations of propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere. Anaerobic oxidation of propane has recently been demonstrated in cultures of novel sulfate-reducing bacteria, but has not been directly demonstrated or quantified in nature. In this work we describe a method involving incubation with 13C-propane to quantify rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane in anoxic sediment, and we conclusively demonstrate the oxidation of propane under sulfidic conditions in fresh sediments of a marine hydrocarbon seep. Observed rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane adhere to first-order kinetic behavior, enabling the modification of this method for whole core rate determinations. Whole core rates in nine cores from two hydrocarbon seeps measured 0.04–2100 nmoles C3H8 cm−3 day−1 by this method. The seep persistently supplied with more propane displayed substantially higher rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane, by 1–2 orders of magnitude when averaged over the top 10-cm, suggesting the development of the microbial community is strongly modulated by the availability of propane. This work is the first to estimate rates for anaerobic oxidation of propane in any environment, and demonstrates the potential importance of the process as a filter for preventing propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere.
BibTeX:
@article{Quistad2011,
  author = {Quistad, S D and Valentine, D L},
  title = {Anaerobic propane oxidation in marine hydrocarbon seep sediments},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2159--2169},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001}
}
Reeves E, Seewald JS, Saccocia PJ, Walsh E, Bach W, Craddock PR, Shanks WC, Sylva SP, Pichler T and Rosner M (2011), "Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(4), pp. 1088-1123.
Abstract: Processes controlling the composition of seafloor hydrothermal fluids in silicic back-arc or near-arc crustal settings remain poorly constrained despite growing evidence for extensive magmatic–hydrothermal activity in such environments. We conducted a survey of vent fluid compositions from two contrasting sites in the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea, to examine the influence of variations in host rock composition and magmatic inputs (both a function of arc proximity) on hydrothermal fluid chemistry. Fluid samples were collected from felsic-hosted hydrothermal vent fields located on Pual Ridge (PACMANUS and Northeast (NE) Pual) near the active New Britain Arc and a basalt-hosted vent field (Vienna Woods) located farther from the arc on the Manus Spreading Center. Vienna Woods fluids were characterized by relatively uniform endmember temperatures (273–285 °C) and major element compositions, low dissolved CO2 concentrations (4.4 mmol/kg) and high measured pH (4.2–4.9 at 25 °C). Temperatures and compositions were highly variable at PACMANUS/NE Pual and a large, newly discovered vent area (Fenway) was observed to be vigorously venting boiling (358 °C) fluid. All PACMANUS fluids are characterized by negative δDH2OδDH2O values, in contrast to positive values at Vienna Woods, suggesting substantial magmatic water input to circulating fluids at Pual Ridge. Low measured pH (25 °C) values (∼2.6–2.7), high endmember CO2 (up to 274 mmol/kg) and negative δ34SH2Sδ34SH2S values (down to −2.7‰) in some vent fluids are also consistent with degassing of acid-volatile species from evolved magma. Dissolved CO2 at PACMANUS is more enriched in 13C (−4.1‰ to −2.3‰) than Vienna Woods (−5.2‰ to −5.7‰), suggesting a contribution of slab-derived carbon. The mobile elements (e.g. Li, K, Rb, Cs and B) are also greatly enriched in PACMANUS fluids reflecting increased abundances in the crust there relative to the Manus Spreading Center. Variations in alkali and dissolved gas abundances with Cl at PACMANUS and NE Pual suggest that phase separation has affected fluid chemistry despite the low temperatures of many vents. In further contrast to Vienna Woods, substantial modification of PACMANUS/NE Pual fluids has taken place as a result of seawater ingress into the upflow zone. Consistently high measured Mg concentrations as well as trends of increasingly non-conservative SO4 behavior, decreasing endmember Ca/Cl and Sr/Cl ratios with increased Mg indicate extensive subsurface anhydrite deposition is occurring as a result of subsurface seawater entrainment. Decreased pH and endmember Fe/Mn ratios in higher Mg fluids indicate that the associated mixing/cooling gives rise to sulfide deposition and secondary acidity production. Several low temperature (⩽80 °C) fluids at PACMANUS/NE Pual also show evidence for anhydrite dissolution and water–rock interaction (fixation of B) subsequent to seawater entrainment. Hence, the evolution of fluid compositions at Pual Ridge reflects the cumulative effects of water/rock interaction, admixing and reaction of fluids exsolved from silicic magma, phase separation/segregation and seawater ingress into upflow zones.
BibTeX:
@article{Reeves2011,
  author = {Reeves, E and Seewald, J S and Saccocia, P J and Walsh, E and Bach, W and Craddock, P R and Shanks, W C and Sylva, S P and Pichler, T and Rosner, M},
  title = {Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1088--1123},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008}
}
Schmidt K, Garbe-Schonberg D, Koschinsky A, Strauss H, Jost CL, Klevenz V and Koniger P (2011), "Fluid elemental and stable isotope composition of the Nibelungen hydrothermal field (8 degrees18'S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Constraints on fluid-rock interaction in heterogeneous lithosphere", Chemical Geology. Vol. 280(1-2), pp. 1-18.
Abstract: Depending on the geological setting, the interaction of submarine hydrothermal fluids with the host rock leads to distinct energy and mass transfers between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere. The Nibelungen hydrothermal field is located at 8°18′S, about 9 km off-axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). At 3000 m water depth, 372 °C hot, acidic fluids emanate directly from the bottom, without visible sulfide chimney formation. Hydrothermal fluids obtained in 2009 are characterized by low H2S concentrations (1.1 mM), a depletion of B (192 μM) relative to seawater, lower Si (13.7 mM) and Li (391 μM) concentrations relative to basaltic-hosted hydrothermal systems and a large positive Eu anomaly, and display a distinct stable isotope signature of hydrogen (∆2HH2O = 7.6–8.7‰) and of oxygen (∆18OH2O = 2.2–2.4‰). The heavy hydrogen isotopic signature of the Nibelungen fluids is a specific feature of ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems and is mainly controlled by the formation of OH-bearing alteration minerals like serpentine, brucite, and tremolite during pervasive serpentinization. New isotopic data obtained for the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev I field at 14°45′N, MAR (∆2HH2O = 3.8–4.2‰) display a similar trend, being clearly distinguished from other, mafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at the MAR. The fluid geochemistry at Nibelungen kept stable since the first sampling campaign in 2006 and is evident for a hybrid alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks in the subseafloor. Whereas the ultramafic-fingerprint parameters Si, Li, B, Eu anomaly and ∆2HH2O distinguish the Nibelungen field from other hydrothermal systems venting in basaltic settings at similar physico-chemical conditions and are related to the interaction with mantle rocks, the relatively high concentrations of trace alkali elements, Pb, and Tl can only be attributed to the alteration of melt-derived gabbroic rocks. The elemental and isotopic composition of the fluid suggest a multi-step alteration sequence: (1) low- to medium-temperature alteration of gabbroic rocks, (2) pervasive serpentinization at moderate to high temperatures, and (3) limited high-temperature interaction with basaltic rocks during final ascent of the fluid. The integrated water/rock ratio for the Nibelungen hydrothermal system is about 0.5. The fluid compositional fingerprint at Nibelungen is similar to the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev I fluids with respect to key parameters. Some compositional differences can be ascribed to different alteration temperatures and other fluid pathways involving a variety of source rocks, higher water/rock ratios, and sulfide precipitation in the sub-seafloor at Logatchev I.
BibTeX:
@article{Schmidt2011,
  author = {Schmidt, K and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Koschinsky, A and Strauss, H and Jost, C L and Klevenz, V and Koniger, P},
  title = {Fluid elemental and stable isotope composition of the Nibelungen hydrothermal field (8 degrees18'S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Constraints on fluid-rock interaction in heterogeneous lithosphere},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {280},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {1--18},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.008}
}
Seyfried WE, Pester NJ, Ding K and Rough M (2011), "Vent fluid chemistry of the Rainbow Hydrothermal System (36 degrees N, MAR): Phase equilibria and in-situ pH controls on subseafloor alteration processes", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 75(6), pp. 1574-1593.
Abstract: The Rainbow hydrothermal field is located at 36°13.8′N–33°54.15′W at 2300 m depth on the western flank of a non-volcanic ridge between the South AMAR and AMAR segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The hydrothermal field consists of 10–15 active chimneys that emit high-temperature (∼365 °C) fluid. In July 2008, vent fluids were sampled during cruise KNOX18RR, providing a rich dataset that extends in time information on subseafloor chemical and physical processes controlling vent fluid chemistry at Rainbow. Data suggest that the Mg concentration of the hydrothermal end-member is not zero, but rather 1.5–2 mmol/kg. This surprising result may be caused by a combination of factors including moderately low dissolved silica, low pH, and elevated chloride of the hydrothermal fluid. Combining end-member Mg data with analogous data for dissolved Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and H2, permits calculation of mineral saturation states for minerals thought appropriate for ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at temperatures and pressures in keeping with constraints imposed by field observations. These data indicate that chlorite solid solution, talc, and magnetite achieve saturation in Rainbow vent fluid at a similar pH(T,P) (400 °C, 500 bar) of approximately 4.95, while higher pH values are indicated for serpentine, suggesting that serpentine may not coexist with the former assemblage at depth at Rainbow. The high Fe/Mg ratio of the Rainbow vent fluid notwithstanding, the mole fraction of clinochlore and chamosite components of chlorite solid solution at depth are predicted to be 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. In situ pH measurements made at Rainbow vents are in good agreement with pH(T,P) values estimated from mineral solubility calculations, when the in situ pH data are adjusted for temperature and pressure. Calculations further indicate that pH(T,P) and dissolved H2 are extremely sensitive to changes in dissolved silica owing to constraints imposed by chlorite solid solution-fluid equilibria. Indeed, the predicted correlation between dissolved silica and H2 defines a trend that is in good agreement with vent fluid data from Rainbow and other high-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems. We speculate that the moderate concentrations of dissolved silica in vent fluids from these systems result from hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase and olivine in the form of subsurface gabbroic intrusions, which, in turn are variably replaced by chlorite + magnetite + talc ± tremolite, with important implications for pH lowering, dissolved sulfide concentrations, and metal mobility.
BibTeX:
@article{Seyfried2011,
  author = {Seyfried, W E and Pester, N J and Ding, K and Rough, M},
  title = {Vent fluid chemistry of the Rainbow Hydrothermal System (36 degrees N, MAR): Phase equilibria and in-situ pH controls on subseafloor alteration processes},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {75},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1574--1593},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.001}
}
Smith A, Popa R, Fisk M, Nielsen M, Wheat CG, Jannasch HW, Fisher AT, Becker K, Sievert SM and Flores G (2011), "In situ enrichment of ocean crust microbes on igneous minerals and glasses using an osmotic flow-through device", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 12, pp. Q06007.
Abstract: The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge was used in the first long-term deployment of microbial enrichment flow cells using osmotically driven pumps in a subseafloor borehole. Three novel osmotically driven colonization systems with unidirectional flow were deployed in the borehole and incubated for 4 years to determine the microbial colonization preferences for 12 minerals and glasses present in igneous rocks. Following recovery of the colonization systems, we measured cell density on the minerals and glasses by fluorescent staining and direct counting and found some significant differences between mineral samples. We also determined the abundance of mesophilic and thermophilic culturable organotrophs grown on marine R2A medium and identified isolates by partial 16S or 18S rDNA sequencing. We found that nine distinct phylotypes of culturable mesophilic oligotrophs were present on the minerals and glasses and that eight of the nine can reduce nitrate and oxidize iron. Fe(II)-rich olivine minerals had the highest density of total countable cells and culturable organotrophic mesophiles, as well as the only culturable organotrophic thermophiles. These results suggest that olivine (a common igneous mineral) in seawater-recharged ocean crust is capable of supporting microbial communities, that iron oxidation and nitrate reduction may be important physiological characteristics of ocean crust microbes, and that heterogeneously distributed minerals in marine igneous rocks likely influence the distribution of microbial communities in the ocean crust.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2011,
  author = {Smith, A and Popa, R and Fisk, M and Nielsen, M and Wheat, C G and Jannasch, H W and Fisher, A T and Becker, K and Sievert, S M and Flores, G},
  title = {In situ enrichment of ocean crust microbes on igneous minerals and glasses using an osmotic flow-through device},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {Q06007},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003424},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003424}
}
Wanless VD, Perfit MR, Ridley WI, Wallace PJ, Grimes CB and Klein EM (2011), "Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers", Chemical Geology. Vol. 287(1-2), pp. 54-65.
Abstract: Most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low- to moderate-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts. However, our geochemical data from MOR high-silica glasses, including new volatile and oxygen isotope data, suggest that assimilation of altered crustal material plays a significant role in the petrogenesis of dacites and may be important in the formation of basaltic lavas at MOR in general. MOR high-silica andesites and dacites from diverse areas show remarkably similar major element trends, incompatible trace element enrichments, and isotopic signatures suggesting similar processes control their chemistry. In particular, very high Cl and elevated H2O concentrations and relatively light oxygen isotope ratios (˜ 5.8‰ vs. expected values of ˜ 6.8‰) in fresh dacite glasses can be explained by contamination of magmas from a component of ocean crust altered by hydrothermal fluids. Crystallization of silicate phases and Fe-oxides causes an increase in δ18O in residual magma, but assimilation of material initially altered at high temperatures results in lower δ18O values. The observed geochemical signatures can be explained by extreme fractional crystallization of a MOR basalt parent combined with partial melting and assimilation (AFC) of amphibole-bearing altered oceanic crust. The MOR dacitic lavas do not appear to be simply the extrusive equivalent of oceanic plagiogranites. The combination of partial melting and assimilation produces a distinct geochemical signature that includes higher incompatible trace element abundances and distinct trace element ratios relative to those observed in plagiogranites.
BibTeX:
@article{Wanless2011,
  author = {Wanless, V D and Perfit, M R and Ridley, W I and Wallace, P J and Grimes, C B and Klein, E M},
  title = {Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {287},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {54--65},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017}
}
Yucel M, Gartman A, Chan CS and Luther GW (2011), "Hydrothermal vents as a kinetically stable source of iron-sulphide-bearing nanoparticles to the ocean", Nature Geoscience. NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, jun, 2011. Vol. 4(6), pp. 367-371. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents emit sulphur and metals to the ocean(1). Particular attention has been paid to hydrothermal fluxes of iron(2-4), a limiting micronutrient of marine primary production(5). Vent-derived iron was previously thought to rapidly oxidize and precipitate around vents(6). However, organic matter can bind to and stabilize dissolved and particulate iron in hydrothermal plumes(7-9), facilitating its dispersion into the open ocean(10). Here, we report measurements of the chemical speciation of sulphide and iron in high-temperature fluids emanating from vents in the East Pacific Rise and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. We show that pyrite nanoparticles-composed of iron and sulphur-account for up to 10% of the filterable iron (less than 200nm in size) in these fluids. We suggest that these particles form before the discharge of the vent fluid. We estimate that pyrite nanoparticles sink more slowly than larger plume particles, and are more resistant to oxidation than dissolved Fe(II) and FeS. We suggest that the discharge of iron in the form of pyrite nanoparticles increases the probability that vent-derived iron will be transported over long distances in the deep ocean.
BibTeX:
@article{Yucel2011,
  author = {Yucel, M and Gartman, A and Chan, Clara S and Luther, G W},
  title = {Hydrothermal vents as a kinetically stable source of iron-sulphide-bearing nanoparticles to the ocean},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {367--371},
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO1148}
}
Bailey JV, Raub TD, Meckler AN, Harrison BK, Raub TMD, Green AM and Orphan VJ (2010), "Pseudofossils in relict methane seep carbonates resemble endemic microbial consortia", Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Vol. 285(1-2), pp. 131-142.
Abstract: Pleistocene-age methane seep carbonates from the Eel River Basin, California contain aggregate-like structures composed of tightly-packed hollow spheres that morphologically resemble syntrophic archaeal–bacterial consortia known to catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Tetragonal microstructures also present in the carbonates resemble seep-endemic Methanosarcinales cell clusters. Despite morphological similarities to the seep-endemic microbes that likely mediated the authigenesis of Eel River Basin carbonates and sulfides, detailed petrographic, SEM, and magnetic microscopic imaging, remanence rock magnetism, laser Raman, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, suggest that these microstructures are not microfossils, but rather mineral structures that result from the diagenetic alteration of euhedral Fe-sulfide framboids. Electron microscopy shows that during diagenesis, reaction rims composed of Fe oxide form around framboid microcrystalites. Subsequent dissolution of greigite or pyrite crystals leaves behind hollow cell-like casings (external molds) — a transformation that occurs on timescales of ∼100 kyr or less. Despite their superficial resemblance to morphologically-distinctive extant microbes in local sediments, the presence of acellular precursor grains, as well as of partially-altered transitional forms, complicate the interpretation of these and other framboidal microstructures that have been reported from the rock record.
BibTeX:
@article{Bailey2010,
  author = {Bailey, J V and Raub, T D and Meckler, A N and Harrison, B K and Raub, T M D and Green, A M and Orphan, V J},
  title = {Pseudofossils in relict methane seep carbonates resemble endemic microbial consortia},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {285},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {131--142},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.002}
}
Baker MC, Ramirez-Llodra E, Tyler PA, German CR, Boetius A, Cordes EE, Dubilier N, Fisher CR, Levin LA, Metaxas A, Rowden R, Santos RS, Shank R, Van Dover CL, Young C and Waren A (2010), "Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea", In Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance. , pp. 161-182. Wiley-Blackwell.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Baker2010,
  author = {Baker, M C and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Boetius, A and Cordes, E E and Dubilier, N and Fisher, C R and Levin, L A and Metaxas, A and Rowden, R and Santos, R S and Shank, R and Van Dover, C L and Young, C and Waren, A},
  title = {Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea},
  booktitle = {Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {161--182}
}
Barker AK, Coogan LA and Gillis KM (2010), "Insights into the behaviour of sulphur in mid-ocean ridge axial hydrothermal systems from the composition of the sheeted dyke complex at Pito Deep", Chemical Geology. Vol. 275(1-2), pp. 105-115.
Abstract: The behaviour of seawater sulphate in hydrothermal systems at intermediate- to fast-spreading ridges is investigated using new analyses of the δ34S, sulphur concentration and Fe2O3/Fe2O3total, combined with existing 87Sr/86Sr, of sheeted dykes from the Pito Deep tectonic window. The Pito Deep sheeted dyke complex has a similar composition to the sheeted dykes drilled at ODP Hole 504B suggesting that the measured compositions are representative of sheeted dyke complexes at intermediate- to fast-spreading ridges. The dykes show only small increases in δ34S which, combined with the rock dominated δ34S of vent fluids, requires the majority of seawater sulphate to be precipitated as anhydrite before the fluid reacts with the sheeted dyke complex. This loss of sulphate from the fluid means that a much higher Fe2O3 in the sheeted dyke complex than in fresh MORB glasses cannot be explained by oxidation due to seawater sulphate reduction during fluid–rock reaction. Instead, oxidation probably occurs due to degassing of reduced species, largely H2, during dyke emplacement and solidification. A mass balance model that accounts for anhydrite precipitation and Sr partitioning into the anhydrite, as well as fitting the concentration and isotopic ratios of S and Sr in the sheeted dykes and vent fluids, suggests water/rock ratios of ∼ 1. For a 1 km thick sheeted dyke complex this is equivalent to a fluid flux of ∼ 3 × 106 kg m− 2, sufficient to remove ∼ 60% of the latent heat of crystallization from the lower crust.
BibTeX:
@article{Barker2010,
  author = {Barker, A K and Coogan, L A and Gillis, K M},
  title = {Insights into the behaviour of sulphur in mid-ocean ridge axial hydrothermal systems from the composition of the sheeted dyke complex at Pito Deep},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {275},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {105--115},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.003}
}
Becker EL, Lee RW, Macko SA, Faure BM and Fisher CR (2010), "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of hydrocarbon-seep bivalves on the Gulf of Mexico lower continental slope", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1957-1964.
Abstract: Stable isotope compositions of cold-seep bivalves can illuminate processes that affect the chemical and isotopic compositions of seeping fluids along the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico as well as provide insight into the physiological ecology of these species. Carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were analyzed in mussels and clams from 14 seep sites spanning a depth range of 1000 to 2800 m along the lower Louisiana slope of the Gulf of Mexico. Mussels of three species found on the lower slope, Bathymodiolus childressi, B. brooksi, and B. heckerae, showed site-specific differences in tissue δ13C, reflecting differences in the local methane pool. Mussels from sites on the lower slope sitting atop the contiguous salt sheet generally had tissue δ13C values that reflected a stronger biogenic methane signal (−70.8 to −58.8‰) than mussels on the upper slope or seaward of the Sigsbee Escarpment (−67.3 to −40.4‰). Clams (Calyptogena ponderosa and Calyptogena sp. nov.) had a narrow range of δ13C values between −37.0 and −34.4‰, indicating that their thiotrophic symbionts are fixing primarily seawater-dissolved organic carbon. The most depleted tissue δ15N values yet published for both mussels and clams are reported in this study at −23.7 and −9.2‰, respectively. These depleted values have implications for the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by these symbioses and the concentrations of particular inorganic nitrogen sources in the local environment.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2010,
  author = {Becker, E L and Lee, R W and Macko, S A and Faure, B M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of hydrocarbon-seep bivalves on the Gulf of Mexico lower continental slope},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1957--1964},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.002}
}
Bernardino AF and Smith CR (2010), "Community structure of infaunal macrobenthos around vestimentiferan thickets at the San Clemente cold seep, NE Pacific", Marine Ecology. Vol. 31(4), pp. 608-621.
Abstract: The San Clemente cold seep lies within 100–200 km of other reducing habitats in the NE Pacific, offering an opportunity to compare diversity and species overlap among reducing habitats (i.e. whale-, kelp-, and wood-falls) at similar depths within a single region. Video observations from the research submersible Alvin at the San Clemente seep (1800 m depth) indicated clumps (‘thickets') of vestimentiferans distributed as meter-scale patches interspersed with vesicomyid clam beds and black sediments. Sediment-core samples were collected at distances of 0 to 80–200 m along randomly oriented transects radiating outward from vestimentiferan thickets to evaluate changes in macrofaunal community structure from thickets into the background community. Macrofaunal abundance was elevated at distances of 0–1 m compared to 80–200 m (i.e. the ‘background' community). The tube-building frenulate worms Siboglinum spp., along with peracarid crustaceans, dominated sediments within 1 m of vestimentiferan thickets. Species diversity was depressed within 1 m of thickets but with high rates of species accumulation, suggesting that seep sites greatly increase sediment heterogeneity and facilitate colonization by non-background macrofaunal species. Stable isotope data indicate chemosynthetic nutrition for some dominant macrofaunal species within 1 m of tubeworm thickets. The macrofaunal community near vestimentiferan thickets in San Clemente seep contains intermediate levels of species richness and diversity compared to other deep-sea seep areas in the northeast Pacific. There was low species overlap between the San Clemente seep macrofauna and communities in reducing habitats near wood-, whale-, and kelp-falls at similar depths within the region, suggesting that seeps harbor a distinct infaunal community.
BibTeX:
@article{Bernardino2010,
  author = {Bernardino, A F and Smith, C R},
  title = {Community structure of infaunal macrobenthos around vestimentiferan thickets at the San Clemente cold seep, NE Pacific},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {608--621},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00389.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00389.x}
}
Bernhard JM, Martin JB and Rathburn AE (2010), "Combined carbonate carbon isotopic and cellular ultrastructural studies of individual benthic foraminifera : 2. Toward an understanding of apparent disequilibrium in hydrocarbon seeps", Paleoceanography. Vol. 25, pp. PA4206.
Abstract: Numerous previous studies show disequilibrium between stable carbon isotope ratios of foraminiferal calcite and pore water dissolved inorganic carbon in hydrocarbon seeps, calling into question the utility of this widely used paleoceanographic tracer as a proxy. We use a recently developed method to compare stable carbon isotope ratios of foraminiferal carbonate with cell ultrastructural observations from individual benthic foraminifera from seep (under chemosynthetic bivalves) and nonseep habitats in Monterey Bay, California, to better understand control(s) of benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope ratios. Two attributes previously proposed to cause the isotopic offsets are diet and symbionts. Ultrastructural analysis shows that positive staining with Rose Bengal indicates presence of foraminiferal cytoplasm, bacterial biomass, or a combination of both and, thus, is not an unequivocal indicator of viability. We also show for the first time that some living seep foraminifera have endobionts. Results from our unique, yet limited, data set are consistent with suggestions that, in our sites, several foraminiferal species collected from seep clam beds may not survive there, diet and symbiont presence do not appear to be major contributors to disequilibrium, little calcification of seep-tolerant foraminiferal species occurs while seep conditions prevail, and microscale variability in habitats could influence δ13C of benthic foraminiferal carbonate. Results further suggest that our knowledge of benthic foraminiferal ecology and biomineralization, especially in extreme habitats such as seeps, must be bolstered before we fully understand the fidelity of paleoenvironmental records derived from benthic foraminiferal test δ13C data.
BibTeX:
@article{Bernhard2010,
  author = {Bernhard, J M and Martin, J B and Rathburn, A E},
  title = {Combined carbonate carbon isotopic and cellular ultrastructural studies of individual benthic foraminifera : 2. Toward an understanding of apparent disequilibrium in hydrocarbon seeps},
  journal = {Paleoceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {PA4206},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010PA001930},
  doi = {10.1029/2010PA001930}
}
Brazelton WJ, Sogin ML and Baross JA (2010), "Multiple scales of diversification within natural populations of archaea in hydrothermal chimney biofilms", Environmental Microbiology Reports. Vol. 2(2), pp. 236-242.
Abstract: Corroborative data collected from 16S rRNA clone libraries, intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region clone libraries, and 16S rRNA hypervariable region tag pyrosequencing demonstrate microdiversity within single-species archaeal biofilms of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Both 16S rRNA clone libraries and pyrosequencing of the V6 hypervariable region show that Lost City Methanosarcinales (LCMS) biofilms are dominated by a single sequence, but the pyrosequencing data set also reveals the presence of an additional 1654 rare sequences. Clone libraries constructed with DNA spanning the V6 hypervariable region and ITS show that multiple ITS sequences are associated with the same dominant V6 sequence. Furthermore, ITS variability differed among three chimney samples, and the sample with the highest ITS diversity also contained the highest V6 diversity as measured by clone libraries as well as tag pyrosequencing. These results indicate that the extensive microdiversity detected in V6 tag sequences is an underestimate of genetic diversity within the archaeal biofilms.
BibTeX:
@article{Brazelton2010,
  author = {Brazelton, W J and Sogin, M L and Baross, J A},
  title = {Multiple scales of diversification within natural populations of archaea in hydrothermal chimney biofilms},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology Reports},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {236--242},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00097.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00097.x}
}
Brazelton WJ, Ludwig KA, Sogin ML, Andreishcheva EN, Kelley DS, Shen CC, Edwards RL and Baross JA (2010), "Archaea and bacteria with surprising microdiversity show shifts in dominance over 1,000-year time scales in hydrothermal chimneys", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 107(4), pp. 1612-1617.
Abstract: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field, an ultramafic-hosted system located 15 km west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has experienced at least 30,000 years of hydrothermal activity. Previous studies have shown that its carbonate chimneys form by mixing of ∼90 °C, pH 9–11 hydrothermal fluids and cold seawater. Flow of methane and hydrogen-rich hydrothermal fluids in the porous interior chimney walls supports archaeal biofilm communities dominated by a single phylotype of Methanosarcinales. In this study, we have extensively sampled the carbonate-hosted archaeal and bacterial communities by obtaining sequences of textgreater200,000 amplicons of the 16S rRNA V6 region and correlated the results with isotopic (230Th) ages of the chimneys over a 1,200-year period. Rare sequences in young chimneys were commonly more abundant in older chimneys, indicating that members of the rare biosphere can become dominant members of the ecosystem when environmental conditions change. These results suggest that a long history of selection over many cycles of chimney growth has resulted in numerous closely related species at Lost City, each of which is preadapted to a particular set of reoccurring environmental conditions. Because of the unique characteristics of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, these data offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the dynamics of a microbial ecosystem's rare biosphere over a thousand-year time scale.
BibTeX:
@article{Brazelton2010a,
  author = {Brazelton, W J and Ludwig, K A and Sogin, M L and Andreishcheva, E N and Kelley, D S and Shen, C C and Edwards, R L and Baross, J A},
  title = {Archaea and bacteria with surprising microdiversity show shifts in dominance over 1,000-year time scales in hydrothermal chimneys},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {107},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1612--1617},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905369107},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905369107}
}
Bright M, Plum C, Riavitz LA, Arbizu PM, Cordes EE and Gollner S (2010), "Epizooic metazoan meiobenthos associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations from cold seeps of the northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1982-1989.
Abstract: The abundance and higher taxonomic composition of epizooic metazoan meiobenthic communities associated with mussel and tubeworm aggregations of hydrocarbon seeps at Green Canyon, Atwater Valley, and Alaminos Canyon in depths between 1400 and 2800 m were studied and compared to the infaunal community of non-seep sediments nearby. Epizooic meiofaunal abundances of associated meiobenthos living in tubeworm bushes and mussel beds at seeps were extremely low (usually textless100 ind. 10 cm−2), similar to epizooic meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and the communities were composed primarily of nematodes, copepods, ostracods, and halacarids. In contrast, epizooic meiobenthic abundance is lower than previous studies have reported for infauna from seep sediments. Interestingly, non-seep sediments contained higher abundances and higher taxonomic diversity than epizooic seep communities, although in situ primary production is restricted to seeps.
BibTeX:
@article{Bright2010,
  author = {Bright, M and Plum, C and Riavitz, L A and Arbizu, P M and Cordes, E E and Gollner, S},
  title = {Epizooic metazoan meiobenthos associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations from cold seeps of the northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1982--1989},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.003}
}
Carney RS (2010), "Stable isotope trophic patterns in echinoderm megafauna in close proximity to and remote from Gulf of Mexico lower slope hydrocarbon seeps", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1965-1971.
Abstract: Hydrocarbon-seep communities in the Gulf of Mexico have a high biomass that is exploited as a food source to varying degrees by the photosynthesis-dependent fauna inhabiting the surrounding mud bottom. A decline concurrent with ocean depth in detritus influx to that background habitat results in a much lower background biomass. The biomass contrast between population-rich seeps and depauperate mud bottom leads to the prediction that seep utilization by the background fauna should be extensive at all depths and should increase with depth. Species depth zonation makes like-species comparisons over the full depth of the Gulf of Mexico impossible. Seeps and normal bottom above 1000 m have different fauna from those below 1000 m. Lower slope seeps are surrounded by a fauna rich in echinoderm species, especially asteroids, ophiuroids, and holothuroids. All three taxa have species that are abundant within seeps and are probably endemic to them. They also contain species found only in mud background or within mud and seeps backgrounds. Tissue analyses of δ13C and δ15N of echinoderms collected by ROV within seeps and trawling away from seeps indicate a pattern of utilization similar to that found in upper slope seeps exploited by different taxa. Seastar and ophiuroid species abundant in or endemic to seeps have tissue isotope values reflecting seep chemosynthetic input via a free-living microbial detritus or predation. A single seep-endemic deposit-feeding holothuroid showed distinct seep tissue values. Background deposit-feeding holothuroids collected within seeps showed either no or only minor incorporation of seep carbon, indicating either a lack of access to seep detritus or short feeding times within the seep. A predicted extensive utilization of seep productivity at the deeper seeps was not found. Seeps may be relatively closed systems that require special adaptations of species in order for them to enter, exploit, and survive. Alternately, the surrounding deep benthos may not be as food-poor as assumed from biomass measurements and flux estimates.
BibTeX:
@article{Carney2010,
  author = {Carney, R S},
  title = {Stable isotope trophic patterns in echinoderm megafauna in close proximity to and remote from Gulf of Mexico lower slope hydrocarbon seeps},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1965--1971},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.027},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.027}
}
Chadwick WW, Embley RW, Baker ET, Resing JA, Lupton JE, Cashman KV, Dziak RP, Tunnicliffe V, Butterfield DA and Tamura Y (2010), "Northwest Rota-1 Seamount", Oceanography., mar, 2010. Vol. 23(1), pp. 182-183.
Abstract: Northwest Rota-1 Seamount is the first place on Earth where a submarine volcanic eruption was witnessed in 2004, and, remarkably, it appears that the volcano has been erupting continuously ever since. NW Rota-1 is located ˜ 100 km north of Guam in the western Pacific, within the newly designated Mariana Trench Marine National Monument (http://www.fws.gov/marianastrenchmarinemonument). With a summit depth of 520 m, it is a symmetrical cone of basaltic andesite composition (Figure 1) formed in the subduction zone setting of the Mariana volcanic arc. It was identified as a site of particular interest in 2003 when sampling of its overlying hydrothermal plume showed very high magmatic volatile input (Resing et al., 2007). Consequently, it was one of several seamounts targeted for dives with a remotely operated vehicle the following year. During these dives, an actively erupting vent was discovered at a depth of 550 m; lava, fluid, and gas samples were collected; and colonies of shrimp, limpets, and crabs (some of them new species) were found living in the volcano summit's harsh conditions (Embley et al., 2006; Limén et al., 2006).
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2010,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W and Baker, E T and Resing, J A and Lupton, J E and Cashman, K V and Dziak, R P and Tunnicliffe, V and Butterfield, D A and Tamura, Y},
  title = {Northwest Rota-1 Seamount},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {182--183},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2010.82}
}
Chadwick WW, Butterfield DA, Embley RW, Tunnicliffe V, Huber JA, Nooner SL and Clague DA (2010), "Axial Seamount", Oceanography., mar, 2010. Vol. 23(1), pp. 38-39.
Abstract: Axial Seamount is a hotspot volcano superimposed on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Due to its robust magma supply, it rises ˜ 800 m above the rest of JdFR and has a large elongate summit caldera with two rift zones that parallel and overlap with adjacent segments of the spreading center (Figure 1). Submersible dives at Axial in 1983–1984 discovered the first active black smoker vents in the Northeast Pacific (Chase et al., 1985). The New Millennium Observatory (NeMO; http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/nemo) was established at Axial in 1996 to study volcanic events and the perturbations they cause to hydrothermal and biological systems. As if on cue, Axial erupted in January 1998 and was the first seafloor eruption detected remotely and monitored by in situ instruments (Embley et al., 1999). In fact, one instrument caught in a 1998 lava flow was later recovered with data intact, providing new insight into the emplacement of submarine lavas (Chadwick, 2003). Initially, research focused on mapping, sampling, and documenting the impact of the eruption on the hydrothermal vents and biological communities (Figure 2). The emphasis has gradually shifted to long-term geophysical, geochemical, and biological monitoring of the volcano in anticipation of its next eruption.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2010a,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Butterfield, D A and Embley, R W and Tunnicliffe, V and Huber, J A and Nooner, S L and Clague, D A},
  title = {Axial Seamount},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38--39},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2010.73}
}
Cho WW and Shank TM (2010), "Incongruent patterns of genetic connectivity among four ophiuroid species with differing coral host specificity on North Atlantic seamounts", Marine Ecology. Vol. 31(S1), pp. 121-143.
Abstract: Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in the evolution and diversity of marine fauna, acting as ‘stepping-stones' for dispersal, regional centers of genetic isolation and speciation, and refugia for deep-sea populations. This study focused on the patterns of dispersal and genetic connectivity of four seamount ophiuroid species (Asteroschema clavigera, Ophiocreas oedipus, Ophioplinthaca abyssalis, and Ophioplinthaca chelys) displaying differing levels of associative (epifaunal) specificity to cold-water coral hosts inhabiting the New England and Corner Rise Seamount chains, and Muir Seamount in the Northwestern Atlantic. Analyses of mt16S and mtCOI revealed evidence for recent population expansion and high gene flow for all four species. However, species-specific genetic differentiation was significant based on seamount region and depth. Significant differences were found among regional seamount groups for A. clavigera, within seamount regions and seamounts for O. chelys, among 250-m depth intervals for A. clavigera, among 100-m depth intervals for O. oedipus, and there were indications of isolation by distance for A. clavigera and O. oedipus. In addition, A. clavigera and O. oedipus, broadcast spawners with high fidelity to specific coral hosts, displayed predominantly westward historical migration, whereas the ophioplinthacids, with lower host-specificity, displayed predominantly eastward migration. No congruent patterns of historical migration were evident among species and seamounts, yet these patterns can be correlated with species-specific host specificity, specific depth strata, and dispersal strategies. Conservation efforts to protect seamount ecosystems should promote multi-species approaches to genetic connectivity, and consider the impact of the ‘dependence' of biodiversity on host fauna in these vulnerable marine ecosystems.
BibTeX:
@article{Cho2010,
  author = {Cho, W W and Shank, T M},
  title = {Incongruent patterns of genetic connectivity among four ophiuroid species with differing coral host specificity on North Atlantic seamounts},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {31},
  number = {S1},
  pages = {121--143},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00395.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00395.x}
}
Cordes EE, Becker EL, Hourdez S and Fisher CR (2010), "Influence of foundation species, depth, and location on diversity and community composition at Gulf of Mexico lower-slope cold seeps", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1870-1881.
Abstract: Efforts to understand and preserve the seep communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico (GOM) begin with a comprehensive survey of the biodiversity of these communities. Previous studies have provided a conceptual model of the physiology, population, and community ecology of upper continental slope seeps. However, seeps at water depths below 1000 m in the Gulf of Mexico remain relatively unknown. In this study, data from 47 samples of tubeworm- and mussel-associated communities at depths of 1005–2750 m are examined. Other than tubeworms and mussels, 66 taxa of macro- and megafauna were collected, 43 of which appear to be restricted to water depths of over 1000 m, and 39 that have not been reported previously from the Gulf of Mexico. Diversity in mussel beds was highest at mid-slope depths, but tubeworm-associated communities did not show clear bathymetric trends in diversity. Diversity was higher in tubeworm aggregations at the alpha level (per sample), but higher in mussel beds at the beta level (species turnover among collections). Although both community types were often numerically dominated by the endemic shrimp Alvinocaris muricola, broad differences in the communities hosted by tubeworm aggregations and mussel beds were apparent. The most important factors explaining community similarity within community type were the depth, relative abundance of different mussel species in a bed, and the average size of tubeworms in an aggregation. The high proportion of deep-seep species that were found for the first time in the Gulf of Mexico emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts for these patchy communities.
BibTeX:
@article{Cordes2010,
  author = {Cordes, E E and Becker, E L and Hourdez, S and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Influence of foundation species, depth, and location on diversity and community composition at Gulf of Mexico lower-slope cold seeps},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1870--1881},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.010}
}
Craddock PR, Bach W, Seewald JS, Rouxel OJ, Reeves E and Tivey MK (2010), "Rare earth element abundances in hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: indicators of sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes in back-arc basins", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(19), pp. 5494-5513.
Abstract: Rare earth element (REE) concentrations are reported for a large suite of seafloor vent fluids from four hydrothermal systems in the Manus back-arc basin (Vienna Woods, PACMANUS, DESMOS and SuSu Knolls vent areas). Sampled vent fluids show a wide range of absolute REE concentrations and chondrite-normalized (REEN) distribution patterns (LaN /SmN ∼ 0.6–11; LaN /YbN ∼ 0.6 – 71; View the MathML sourceEuN/EuN∗∼1–55). REEN distribution patterns in different vent fluids range from light-REE enriched, to mid- and heavy-REE enriched, to flat, and have a range of positive Eu-anomalies. This heterogeneity contrasts markedly with relatively uniform REEN distribution patterns of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids. In Manus Basin fluids, aqueous REE compositions do not inherit directly or show a clear relationship with the REE compositions of primary crustal rocks with which hydrothermal fluids interact. These results suggest that the REEs are less sensitive indicators of primary crustal rock composition despite crustal rocks being the dominant source of REEs in submarine hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, differences in aqueous REE compositions are consistently correlated with differences in fluid pH and ligand (chloride, fluoride and sulfate) concentrations. Our results suggest that the REEs can be used as an indicator of the type of magmatic acid volatile (i.e., presence of HF, SO2) degassing in submarine hydrothermal systems. Additional fluid data suggest that near-seafloor mixing between high-temperature hydrothermal fluid and locally entrained seawater at many vent areas in the Manus Basin causes anhydrite precipitation. Anhydrite effectively incorporates REE and likely affects measured fluid REE concentrations, but does not affect their relative distributions.
BibTeX:
@article{Craddock2010,
  author = {Craddock, P R and Bach, W and Seewald, J S and Rouxel, O J and Reeves, E and Tivey, M K},
  title = {Rare earth element abundances in hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: indicators of sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes in back-arc basins},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {19},
  pages = {5494--5513},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.003}
}
Craddock PR and Bach W (2010), "Insights to magmatic–hydrothermal processes in the Manus back–arc Basin as recorded by anhydrite", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(19), pp. 5514-5536.
Abstract: Microchemical analyses of rare earth element (REE) concentrations and Sr and S isotope ratios of anhydrite are used to identify sub-seafloor processes governing the formation of hydrothermal fluids in the convergent margin Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Samples comprise drill-core vein anhydrite and seafloor massive anhydrite from the PACMANUS (Roman Ruins, Snowcap and Fenway) and SuSu Knolls (North Su) active hydrothermal fields. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns in anhydrite show remarkable heterogeneity on the scale of individual grains, different from the near uniform REEN patterns measured in anhydrite from mid-ocean ridge deposits. The REEN patterns in anhydrite are correlated with REE distributions measured in hydrothermal fluids venting at the seafloor at these vent fields and are interpreted to record episodes of hydrothermal fluid formation affected by magmatic volatile degassing. 87Sr/86Sr ratios vary dramatically within individual grains between that of contemporary seawater and that of endmember hydrothermal fluid. Anhydrite was precipitated from a highly variable mixture of the two. The intra-grain heterogeneity implies that anhydrite preserves periods of contrasting hydrothermal versus seawater dominant near-seafloor fluid circulation. Most sulfate δ34S values of anhydrite cluster around that of contemporary seawater, consistent with anhydrite precipitating from hydrothermal fluid mixed with locally entrained seawater. Sulfate δ34S isotope ratios in some anhydrites are, however, lighter than that of seawater, which are interpreted as recording a source of sulfate derived from magmatic SO2 degassed from underlying felsic magmas in the Manus Basin. The range of elemental and isotopic signatures observed in anhydrite records a range of sub-seafloor processes including high-temperature hydrothermal fluid circulation, varying extents of magmatic volatile degassing, seawater entrainment and fluid mixing. The chemical and isotopic heterogeneity recorded in anhydrite at the inter- and intra-grain scale captures the dynamics of hydrothermal fluid formation and sub-seafloor circulation that is highly variable both spatially and temporally on timescales over which hydrothermal deposits are formed. Microchemical analysis of hydrothermal minerals can provide information about the temporal history of submarine hydrothermal systems that are variable over time and cannot necessarily be inferred only from the study of vent fluids.
BibTeX:
@article{Craddock2010a,
  author = {Craddock, P R and Bach, W},
  title = {Insights to magmatic–hydrothermal processes in the Manus back–arc Basin as recorded by anhydrite},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {19},
  pages = {5514--5536},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.004}
}
Cruse AM and Seewald JS (2010), "Low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(21), pp. 6126-6140.
Abstract: Despite its location on sediment-free basalt, vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) contain chemical species that indicate fluids have interacted with sediments during circulation. We report on the distribution and isotopic abundances of organic compounds (C1–C3 alkanes and alkenes, benzene and toluene) in fluids collected from the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) in July, 2000, to understand the processes that regulate their abundances and characterize fluid sources. Aqueous organic compounds are derived from the thermal alteration of sedimentary organic matter and subsequently undergo further oxidation reactions during fluid flow. Fluid:sediment mass ratios calculated using ΣNH4 concentrations indicate that the sediments are distal to the MEF, resulting in a common reservoir of fluids for all of the vents. Following the generation from sediment alteration, aqueous organic compounds undergo secondary alteration reactions via a stepwise oxidation reaction mechanism. Alkane distributions and isotopic compositions indicate that organic compounds in MEF fluids have undergone a greater extent of alteration as compared to Middle Valley fluids, either due to differences in subsurface redox conditions or the residence time of fluids at subsurface conditions. The distributions of the aromatic compounds benzene and toluene are qualitatively consistent with the subsurface conditions indicated by equilibration of aqueous alkanes and alkanes. However, benzene and toluene do not achieve chemical equilibrium in the subsurface. Methane and CO2 also do not equilibrate chemically or isotopically at reaction zone temperatures, a likely result of an insufficient reaction time after addition of CO2 from magmatic sources during upflow. The organic geochemistry supports the assumption that the sediments with which MEF fluids interact has the same composition as sediments present in Middle Valley itself, and highlight differences in subsurface reaction zone conditions and fluid flow pathways at these two sites.
BibTeX:
@article{Cruse2010,
  author = {Cruse, A M and Seewald, J S},
  title = {Low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {21},
  pages = {6126--6140},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.013}
}
Dick HJB, Lissenberg CJ and Warren JM (2010), "Mantle melting, melt transport, and delivery beneath a slow-spreading ridge: the paleo-MAR from 23 degrees15′N to 23 degrees 45′N", Journal of Petrology. Vol. 51(1-2), pp. 425-467.
Abstract: Kane Megamullion, an oceanic core complex near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) abutting the Kane Transform, exposes nearly the full plutonic foundation of the MARK paleo-ridge segment. This provides the first opportunity for a detailed look at the patterns of mantle melting, melt transport and delivery at a slow-spreading ridge. The Kane lower crust and mantle section is heterogeneous, as a result of focused mantle melt flow to different points beneath the ridge segment in time and space, over an ∼300–400 kyr time scale. The association of residual mantle peridotite, dunite and troctolite with a large ∼1 km+ thick gabbro section at the Adam Dome Magmatic Center in the southern third of the complex probably represents the crust–mantle transition. This provides direct evidence for local melt accumulation in the shallow mantle near the base of the crust as a result of dilation accompanying corner flow beneath the ridge. Dunite and troctolite with high-Mg Cpx represent melt–rock reaction with the mantle, and suggest that this should be taken into account in modeling the evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Despite early precipitation of high-Mg Cpx, wehrlites similar to those in many ophiolites were not found. Peridotite modes from the main core complex and transform wall define a depletion trend coincident with that for the SW Indian Ridge projecting toward East Pacific Rise mantle exposed at Hess Deep. The average Kane transform peridotite is a lherzolite with 5textperiodcentered2% Cpx, whereas that from the main core complex is a harzburgite with only 3textperiodcentered5% Cpx. As the area corresponds to a regional bathymetric low, and the crust is apparently thin, it is likely that most residual mantle along the MAR is significantly more depleted. Thus, harzburgitic and lherzolitic ophiolite subtypes cannot be simply interpreted as slow- and fast-spreading ridges respectively. The mantle peridotites are consistent with a transform edge effect caused by juxtaposition of old cold lithosphere against upwelling mantle at the ridge–transform intersection. This effect is far more local, confined to within 10 km of the transform slip zone, and far smaller than previously thought, corresponding to ∼8% as opposed to 12textperiodcentered5% melting of a pyrolitic mantle away from the transform. Excluding the transform, the overall degree of melting over 3 Myr indicated by the peridotites is uniform, ranging from ∼11textperiodcentered3 to 13textperiodcentered8%. Large variations in composition for a single dredge or ROV dive, however, reflect local melt transport through the shallow mantle. This produced variable extents of melt–rock reaction, dunite formation, and melt impregnation. At least three styles of late mantle metasomatism are present. Small amounts of plagioclase with elevated sodium and titanium and alumina-depletion in pyroxene relative to residual spinel peridotites represent impregnation by a MORB-like melt. Highly variable alumina depletion in pyroxene rims in spinel peridotite probably represents cryptic metasomatism by small volumes of late transient silica-rich melts meandering through the shallow mantle. Direct evidence for such melts is seen in orthopyroxenite veins. Finally, a late hydrous fluid may be required to explain anomalous pyroxene sodium enrichment in spinel peridotites. The discontinuous thin lower crust exposed at Kane Megamullion contrasts with the textgreater700 km2 1textperiodcentered5 km+ thick Atlantis Bank gabbro massif at the SW Indian Ridge (SWIR), clearly showing more robust magmatism at the latter. However, the SWIR spreading rate is 54% of the MAR rate, the offset of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone is 46% greater and Na8 of the spatially associated basalts 16% greater—all of which predict precisely the opposite. At the same time, the average compositions of Kane and Atlantis II transform peridotites are nearly identical. This is best explained by a more fertile parent mantle beneath the SWIR and demonstrates that crustal thickness predicted by simply inverting MORB compositions can be significantly in error.
BibTeX:
@article{Dick2010,
  author = {Dick, H J B and Lissenberg, C J and Warren, J M},
  title = {Mantle melting, melt transport, and delivery beneath a slow-spreading ridge: the paleo-MAR from 23 degrees15′N to 23 degrees 45′N},
  journal = {Journal of Petrology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {425--467},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp088},
  doi = {10.1093/petrology/egp088}
}
Feng D and Roberts HH (2010), "Initial results of comparing cold-seep carbonates from mussel- and tubeworm-associated environments at Atwater Valley 340, northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 2030-2039.
Abstract: Chemosymbiotic macrofauna (such as mussels and tubeworms) and authigenic carbonates are typical of many hydrocarbon seeps. To address whether mussels and tubeworms could impact the sediment geochemistry of their habitat where authigenic carbonates are precipitated, a comparative study of petrographic and geochemical features of the authigenic carbonates from mussel- and tubeworm-associated environments at hydrocarbon seeps in Atwater Valley lease area block 340 (AT340) of the Gulf of Mexico was undertaken. Both mussel- and tubeworm-associated carbonates are dominated by high-magnesium calcite (HMC) and aragonite, and two tubeworm-associated carbonate samples have minor amounts of dolomite. The δ13C values of all carbonates are low, ranging from −60.8‰ to −35.5‰ PDB. Although there is much overlap, surprisingly the δ13C values of mussel-associated carbonates are generally higher than those of tubeworm-associated carbonates (−51.8‰ vs. −54.8‰ for an average of over 60 subsamples). It is suggested that (1) carbon isotopic vital effect of seep mussels and tubeworms, (2) fluid physical pumping of mussels, and (3) release of sulfate by tubeworm roots may be responsible for the relatively lower δ13C values of tubeworm-associated carbonates. It has been suggested that the heterogeneities in mineralogy and stable carbon isotope geochemistry of the seep carbonates may be attributed to the activity of macrofauna (mussels and tubeworms) and associated microbes. Our observations also suggest that at AT340 the geochemical evolution of seep macrofauna is from a mussel-dominated environment to a mixed mussel-tubeworm environment, and finally to a mostly tubeworm-dominated environment. This evolution is controlled mainly by the habitat, e.g., hydrocarbon seep flux.
BibTeX:
@article{Feng2010,
  author = {Feng, D and Roberts, H H},
  title = {Initial results of comparing cold-seep carbonates from mussel- and tubeworm-associated environments at Atwater Valley 340, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {2030--2039},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.004}
}
Ferri G, Jakuba MV and Yoerger DR (2010), "A novel trigger-based method for hydrothermal vents prospecting using an autonomous underwater robot", Autonomous Robots. Vol. 29(1), pp. 67-83.
Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of localizing active hydrothermal vents on the seafloor using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The plumes emitted by hydrothermal vents are the result of thermal and chemical inputs from submarine hot spring systems into the overlying ocean. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) AUV has successfully localized previously undiscovered hydrothermal vent fields in several recent vent prospecting expeditions. These expeditions utilized the AUV for a three-stage, nested survey strategy approach (German et al. in Deep Sea Res. I 55:203–219, 2008). Each stage consists of a survey flown at successively deeper depths through easier to detect but spatially more constrained vent fluids. Ideally this sequence of surveys culminates in photographic evidence of the vent fields themselves. In this work we introduce a new adaptive strategy for an AUV's movement during the first, highest-altitude survey: the AUV initially moves along pre-designed tracklines but certain conditions can trigger an adaptive movement that is likely to acquire additional high value data for vent localization. The trigger threshold is changed during the mission, adapting the method to the different survey profiles the robot may find. The proposed algorithm is vetted on data from previous ABE missions and measures of efficiency presented.
BibTeX:
@article{Ferri2010,
  author = {Ferri, G and Jakuba, M V and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {A novel trigger-based method for hydrothermal vents prospecting using an autonomous underwater robot},
  journal = {Autonomous Robots},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--83},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-010-9187-y},
  doi = {10.1007/s10514-010-9187-y}
}
Fueri E, Hilton DR, Tryon MD, Brown KM, McMurtry GM, Brueckmann W and Wheat CG (2010), "Carbon release from submarine seeps at the Costa Rica fore arc: Implications for the volatile cycle at the Central America convergent margin", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 11, pp. Q04S21.
Abstract: We report total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) abundances and isotope ratios, as well as helium isotope ratios (3He/4He), of cold seep fluids sampled at the Costa Rica fore arc in order to evaluate the extent of carbon loss from the submarine segment of the Central America convergent margin. Seep fluids were collected over a 12 month period at Mound 11, Mound 12, and Jaco Scar using copper tubing attached to submarine flux meters operating in continuous pumping mode. The fluids show minimum 3He/4He ratios of 1.3 RA (where RA is air 3He/4He), consistent with a small but discernable contribution of mantle-derived helium. At Mound 11, δ13C∑CO2 values between −23.9‰ and −11.6‰ indicate that DIC is predominantly derived from deep methanogenesis and is carried to the surface by fluids derived from sediments of the subducting slab. In contrast, at Mound 12, most of the ascending dissolved methane is oxidized due to lower flow rates, giving extremely low δ13C∑CO2 values ranging from −68.2‰ to −60.3‰. We estimate that the carbon flux (CO2 plus methane) through submarine fluid venting at the outer fore arc is 8.0 × 105 g C km−1 yr−1, which is virtually negligible compared to the total sedimentary carbon input to the margin and the output at the volcanic front. Unless there is a significant but hitherto unidentified carbon flux at the inner fore arc, the implication is that most of the carbon being subducted in Costa Rica must be transferred to the (deeper) mantle, i.e., beyond the depth of arc magma generation.
BibTeX:
@article{Fueri2010,
  author = {Fueri, E and Hilton, D R and Tryon, M D and Brown, K M and McMurtry, G M and Brueckmann, W and Wheat, C G},
  title = {Carbon release from submarine seeps at the Costa Rica fore arc: Implications for the volatile cycle at the Central America convergent margin},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {Q04S21},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002810},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002810}
}
Garcia-Pineda O, MacDonald IR, Zimmer B, Shedd B and Roberts H (2010), "Remote-sensing evaluation of geophysical anomaly sites in the outer continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1859-1869.
Abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images obtained from satellites are a reliable tool for localizing natural hydrocarbon seeps. For this study, we used the Texture Classifier Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) to interpret SAR data from the RADARSAT satellite and a geostatistical clustering analysis to compare seeps detected in 579 SAR images covering the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Geostatistical analysis results indicate that, in a typical active seep formation, oil vents would be found within a seep formation ∼2.5 km in diameter. Repeated observations of slicks at a given seep formation indicate that advection of rising oil in the water column causes an offset from the vent depending on water depth. At 500 m, the radial offset is up to 1400 m; at 2000 m, it is up to 3270 m. Observations with submersibles showed that, in 100% of the cases, the calculated seep formations that are matched with active oil seeps correspond to anomalies interpreted from surface amplitude maps and migration pathways in the seismic data. However, episodically, larger releases from persistent seeps occurred, and also some other seep formations showed intermittent releases. Our analysis indicates that active oil seeps detected with SAR represent a subset of the total array of geophysical features generated by hydrocarbon migration on the northern continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia-Pineda2010,
  author = {Garcia-Pineda, O and MacDonald, I R and Zimmer, B and Shedd, B and Roberts, H},
  title = {Remote-sensing evaluation of geophysical anomaly sites in the outer continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1859--1869},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.005}
}
German CR, Bowen A, Coleman ML, Honig DL, Huber JA, Jakuba MV, Kinsey JC, Kurz MD, Leroy S, McDermott JM, de Lepinay BM, Nakamura K, Seewald JS, Smith JL, Sylva SP, Van Dover CL, Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (2010), "Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., aug, 2010. Vol. 107(32), pp. 14020-14025.
Abstract: Thirty years after the first discovery of high-temperature submarine venting, the vast majority of the global mid-ocean ridge remains unexplored for hydrothermal activity. Of particular interest are the world's ultraslow spreading ridges that were the last to be demonstrated to host high-temperature venting but may host systems particularly relevant to prebiotic chemistry and the origins of life. Here we report evidence for previously unknown, diverse, and very deep hydrothermal vents along the similar to 110 km long, ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise (MCR). Our data indicate that the MCR hosts at least three discrete hydrothermal sites, each representing a different type of water-rock interaction, including both mafic and ultramafic systems and, at similar to 5,000 m, the deepest known hydrothermal vent. Although submarine hydrothermal circulation, in which seawater percolates through and reacts with host lithologies, occurs on all mid-ocean ridges, the diversity of vent types identified here and their relative geographic isolation make the MCR unique in the oceans. These new sites offer prospects for an expanded range of vent-fluid compositions, varieties of abiotic organic chemical synthesis and extremophile microorganisms, and unparalleled faunal biodiversity-all in close proximity.
BibTeX:
@article{German2010,
  author = {German, C R and Bowen, A and Coleman, M L and Honig, D L and Huber, J A and Jakuba, M V and Kinsey, J C and Kurz, M D and Leroy, S and McDermott, J M and de Lepinay, B M and Nakamura, K and Seewald, J S and Smith, J L and Sylva, S P and Van Dover, C L and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {107},
  number = {32},
  pages = {14020--14025},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1009205107}
}
Goss AR, Perfit MR, Ridley WI, Rubin KH, Kamenov GD, Soule SA, Fundis A and Fornari DJ (2010), "Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005-2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 46'N-9 degrees 56'N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 11, pp. Q05T09.
Abstract: Detailed mapping, sampling, and geochemical analyses of lava flows erupted from an ∼18 km long section of the northern East Pacific Rise (EPR) from 9°46′N to 9°56′N during 2005–2006 provide unique data pertaining to the short-term thermochemical changes in a mid-ocean ridge magmatic system. The 2005–2006 lavas are typical normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt with strongly depleted incompatible trace element patterns with marked negative Sr and Eu/Eu* anomalies and are slightly more evolved than lavas erupted in 1991–1992 at the same location on the EPR. Spatial geochemical differences show that lavas from the northern and southern limits of the 2005–2006 eruption are more evolved than those erupted in the central portion of the fissure system. Similar spatial patterns observed in 1991–1992 lavas suggest geochemical gradients are preserved over decadal time scales. Products of northern axial and off-axis fissure eruptions are consistent with the eruption of cooler, more fractionated lavas that also record a parental melt component not observed in the main suite of 2005–2006 lavas. Radiogenic isotopic ratios for 2005–2006 lavas fall within larger isotopic fields defined for young axial lavas from 9°N to 10°N EPR, including those from the 1991–1992 eruption. Geochemical data from the 2005–2006 eruption are consistent with an invariable mantle source over the spatial extent of the eruption and petrogenetic processes (e.g., fractional crystallization and magma mixing) operating within the crystal mush zone and axial magma chamber (AMC) before and during the 13 year repose period. Geochemical modeling suggests that the 2005–2006 lavas represent differentiated residual liquids from the 1991–1992 eruption that were modified by melts added from deeper within the crust and that the eruption was not initiated by the injection of hotter, more primitive basalt directly into the AMC. Rather, the eruption was driven by AMC pressurization from persistent or episodic addition of more evolved magma from the crystal mush zone into the overlying subridge AMC during the period between the two eruptions. Heat balance calculations of a hydrothermally cooled AMC support this model and show that continual addition of melt from the mush zone was required to maintain a sizable AMC over this time interval.
BibTeX:
@article{Goss2010,
  author = {Goss, A R and Perfit, M R and Ridley, W I and Rubin, K H and Kamenov, G D and Soule, S A and Fundis, A and Fornari, D J},
  title = {Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005-2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 46'N-9 degrees 56'N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {Q05T09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002977},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002977}
}
Herrera S, Baco AR and Sanchez JA (2010), "Molecular systematics of the bubblegum coral genera (Paragorgiidae, Octocorallia) and description of a new deep-sea species", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Vol. 55(1), pp. 123-135.
Abstract: Bubblegum octocorals (Paragorgia and Sibogagorgia) play an important ecological role in many deep-sea ecosystems. However, these organisms are currently threatened by destructive fishing methods such as bottom trawling. Taxonomic knowledge of conservation targets is necessary for the creation and implementation of efficient conservation strategies. However, for most deep-sea coral groups this knowledge remains incomplete. For instance, despite its similarities with Paragorgia, Sibogagorgia is particular in lacking polyp sclerites, which are present in groups like Paragorgia and the Coralliidae. Although two kinds of sclerites are very similar between Paragorgia and Sibogagorgia, other characters challenge the monophyly of these genera. Here we help to clarify the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the bubblegum octocorals and related taxa by examining molecular data. We employed nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (ND6, ND6-ND3 intergenic spacer, ND3, ND2, COI, msh1 and 16S) and nuclear (28S and ITS2) genomic regions from several taxa to infer molecular phylogenetics and to examine the correspondence of morphological features with the underlying genetic information. Our data strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Paragorgia, the family Coralliidae (precious corals), and a group of undescribed specimens resembling Sibogagorgia. Further morphological observations were congruent regarding the uniqueness of the undescribed specimens, here defined as a new species, Sibogagorgia cauliflora sp. nov., which occurs in both sides of the North American landmass at depths below 1700 m. This new species resembles S. dennisgordoni with branching in one plane but has fairly different radiate sclerites and significantly divergent DNA sequences. The existence of several diagnostic characters of Sibogagorgia in S. cauliflora indicates that they indeed belong to this genus. It is however remarkable that a small number of medullar canals are also found in this species; medullar canals have been considered as the main diagnostic character of Paragorgia. Thus, the evidence generated here indicates that the presence or absence of these canals per se is not a conclusively diagnostic character for either genus. The lack of internal-node resolution in the inferred phylogenetic hypotheses of these genera does not allow us to propose a clear scenario regarding the evolution of these traits.
BibTeX:
@article{Herrera2010,
  author = {Herrera, S and Baco, A R and Sanchez, J A},
  title = {Molecular systematics of the bubblegum coral genera (Paragorgiidae, Octocorallia) and description of a new deep-sea species},
  journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--135},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.007}
}
Hulme SM, Wheat CG, Fryer P and Mottl MJ (2010), "Pore water chemistry of the Mariana serpentinite mud volcanoes: A window to the seismogenic zone", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 11, pp. Q01X09.
Abstract: In 2003, we conducted a survey of 11 serpentinite mud volcanoes in the Mariana fore arc. Here we report sediment pore water data from navigated gravity and piston cores and from push cores collected by the ROV system Jason2-Medea. Systematic variations in profiles of pore water chemical compositions from these mud volcanoes are consistent with models that include active upflow of pore water relative to the surrounding serpentinite matrix. The speed of upwelling, based on fits of an advection-diffusion model to observed data (K, Na, Rb, and Cs), reaches a maximum of 36 cm/yr at Big Blue Seamount. Results from these simulations constrain the pore water composition at depth and the degree of additional alteration as the pore water ascends through the sampled section. For example, the transition metals (e.g., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mo) are mobilized under conditions of low upwelling speeds and microbial activity. Similarly, the rare earth elements (REE) show evidence of near-surface alteration. In addition to these surficial reactions, distinctive pore water compositional patterns exist as a function of the distance from the trench axis, which is a proxy for the depths of water generation from the downgoing plate below each seamount. Systematic trends in the chemical composition of these slab-sourced fluids are consistent with increasing temperature and pressure at depth west of the trench. These trends include an increase in K, sulfate, carbonate alkalinity, Na/Cl, B, Mn, Fe, Co, Rb, Cs, Gd/Tb, Eu, and light REE (LREE) and a decrease in Ca, Sr, and Y with increasing distance from the trench. Mg and U are universally depleted in the upwelling water. We constrain the thermal conditions along the décollement using concentrations of fluid mobile elements (K, B, Cs, and Rb) and the mobilization of LREE relative to heavy REE (HREE). The 80°C isotherm is estimated at a depth of 15 km between Blue Moon Seamount and Cerulean Springs. At slab depths of 17 to 24 km, pore waters lack significant Rb and K enrichments relative to seawater, suggesting an upper bound near 150°C. There is an observed enrichment in LREE relative to HREE at Big Blue Seamount (slab depth 25 km) indicating that the décollement at this site is ∼200°C. The relative mobilization of Cs outpaced that of Rb at all seamounts sampled in this survey. On the basis of laboratory experiments, this observation sets an upper limit of ∼350°C at a depth of 30 km below the seafloor.
BibTeX:
@article{Hulme2010,
  author = {Hulme, S M and Wheat, C G and Fryer, P and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Pore water chemistry of the Mariana serpentinite mud volcanoes: A window to the seismogenic zone},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {Q01X09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002674},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002674}
}
Sammarco PW, Porter SA and Cairns SD (2010), "A new coral species introduced into the Atlantic Ocean - Tubastraea micranthus (Ehrenberg 1834) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia): An invasive threat?", AQUATIC INVASIONS., jun, 2010. Vol. 5(2), pp. 131-140.
Abstract: Over the past 60-70 years, the invasive Indo-Pacific coral Tubastraea
coccinea (Lesson 1830; Cnidaria, Scleractinia) has colonized the western
tropical Atlantic Ocean - the Americas, the Antilles, northern Gulf of
Mexico (GOM), and many of its 3,600 oil/gas platforms. It is now the
single, most abundant coral on artificial substrata in the GOM, with
hundreds of thousands of colonies on a single platform. Here, we report
for the first time the observation of a closely related congener in the
western Atlantic - the Indo-Pacific azooxanthellate Tubastraea
micranthus (Ehrenberg 1834) - and suggest that it may pose a threat
similar to T. coccinea. A total of 83 platforms, including deep-water,
toppled, Rigs-to-Reefs structures, were surveyed in the northern Gulf of
Mexico between 2000 and 2009, from Matagorda Island, Texas to Mobile,
Alabama, USA, between the depths of 7 and 37 m, by SCUBA divers. Five
platforms were surveyed by Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to depths of
up to 117 m. T. micranthus was found on only one platform - Grand Isle
93 (GI-93), off Port Fourchon, Louisiana, near the Mississippi River
mouth, at the cross-roads of two major safety fairways/shipping lanes
transited by large international commercial ships. The introduction
appears to be recent, probably derived from the ballast water or hull of
a vessel from the Indo-Pacific. If the growth and reproductive rates of
T. micranthus, both sexual and asexual, are similar to those of T.
coccinea, this species could dominate this region like its congener. It
is not known whether this species is an opportunist/pioneer species,
like T. coccinea, a trait protecting benthic communities from its
dominance. The question of rapid-response eradication is raised.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000208389800002,
  author = {Sammarco, Paul W and Porter, Scott A and Cairns, Stephen D},
  title = {A new coral species introduced into the Atlantic Ocean - Tubastraea micranthus (Ehrenberg 1834) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia): An invasive threat?},
  journal = {AQUATIC INVASIONS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--140},
  doi = {10.3391/ai.2010.5.2.02}
}
Auster PJ and Watling L (2010), "Beaked whale foraging areas inferred by gouges in the seafloor", MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE., jan, 2010. Vol. 26(1), pp. 226-233.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000273167300016,
  author = {Auster, Peter J and Watling, Les},
  title = {Beaked whale foraging areas inferred by gouges in the seafloor},
  journal = {MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {226--233},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00325.x}
}
Kalanetra KM and Nelson DC (2010), "Vacuolate-attached filaments: highly productive Ridgeia piscesae epibionts at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents", MARINE BIOLOGY., apr, 2010. Vol. 157(4), pp. 791-800.
Abstract: Vacuolate sulfur bacteria with high morphological similarity to
vacuolate-attached filaments previously described from shallow
hydrothermal vents (White Point, CA) were found at deep-sea hydrothermal
vents. These filamentous bacteria grow in dense mats that cover surfaces
and potentially provide a significant source of organic carbon where
they occur. Vacuolate-attached filaments were collected near vents at
the Clam Bed site of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and
from the sediment surface at Escanaba Trough on the Gorda Ridge. A
phylogenetic analysis comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequences to those
collected from the shallow White Point site showed that all
vacuolate-attached filament sequences form a monophyletic group within
the vacuolate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria clade in the gamma
proteobacteria. Abundance of the attached filaments was quantified over
the length of the exterior surface of the tubes of Ridgeia piscesae
worms collected from the Clam Bed site at Juan de Fuca yielding a per
worm average of 0.070 +/- A 0.018 cm(3) (n = 4). In agreement with
previous results for White Point filaments, anion measurements by ion
chromatography showed no detectable internal nitrate concentrations
above ambient seawater (n = 9). For one R. piscesae tube worm ``bush''
at the Easter Island vent site, potential gross epibiont productivity is
estimated to be 15 to 45x the net productivity of the worms.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000275658000010,
  author = {Kalanetra, Karen M and Nelson, Douglas C},
  title = {Vacuolate-attached filaments: highly productive Ridgeia piscesae epibionts at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {157},
  number = {4},
  pages = {791--800},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-009-1362-3}
}
Crone TJ, Wilcock WSD and McDuff RE (2010), "Flow rate perturbations in a black smoker hydrothermal vent in response to a mid-ocean ridge earthquake swarm", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., mar, 2010. Vol. 11
Abstract: Although there is indirect evidence for strong connections between
tectonic processes and mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flow, there are no
direct observations of these links, primarily because measuring flow in
these systems is difficult. Here we use an optical analysis technique to
obtain a 44 day record of flow rate changes in a black smoker vent in
the Main Endeavour field of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. We show that
variations in the flow rate coincide with an earthquake swarm observed
using an ocean bottom seismometer array. These observations indicate
that connections between tectonics and flow are indeed strong, that
hydraulic connections within this hydrothermal system are long ranging,
and that enhanced tidal pumping of fluids may be initiated by earthquake
activity. Because the effects of the swarm cross over an intervening
vent field, we infer that the upflow zones feeding this field are
narrow. Using the time lag between the swarm onset and the flow rate
changes we estimate that the bulk permeability of the crust on the
Endeavour segment ranges from 3.0 x 10(-13) m(2) to 6.0 x 10(-12) m(2).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000276024300001,
  author = {Crone, Timothy J and Wilcock, William S D and McDuff, Russell E},
  title = {Flow rate perturbations in a black smoker hydrothermal vent in response to a mid-ocean ridge earthquake swarm},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002926}
}
Tryon MD, Wheat CG and Hilton DR (2010), "Fluid sources and pathways of the Costa Rica erosional convergent margin", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., apr, 2010. Vol. 11
Abstract: The margins community has only relatively recently begun to examine the
tectonics and associated hydrologic systems of erosive convergent
margins, which are substantially different as compared with accretionary
margins. In this respect, the type example erosive margin is the Costa
Rica system, which has been the subject of numerous recent large-scale
investigations. Here pore fluids expelled at the wedge toe and at
midslope mounds and mud volcanoes have been interpreted to have a common
deep source of dehydrating clays, analogous to that at accretionary
margins. However, we report unusually high B/Li molar ratios in pore
fluids from a recent mudflow on Mound 11, offshore Costa Rica, which,
together with unusually low B/Li ratios previously reported at the wedge
toe, reveal that alternative fluid sources and/or processes must be
operating at the Costa Rica margin. As serpentine formation is the only
subduction zone process that significantly fractionates B and Li, we
propose that the difference in fluid chemical composition is the result
of erosion of upper plate serpentinites, ongoing serpentinization, and
serpentine mineral phase transitions in the subduction channel. These
processes provide both a source of fluids and fluid pathways that lead
to the unique geochemical signature observed at this erosional margin.
This conclusion is compatible with, and supported by, the current view
of the tectonics, geology, and hydrogeology of the Costa Rica margin and
the similarity of the pore fluid to that of two other convergent
margins, both with known fluid/serpentinite interactions.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000276314000001,
  author = {Tryon, Michael D and Wheat, C Geoffrey and Hilton, David R},
  title = {Fluid sources and pathways of the Costa Rica erosional convergent margin},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002818}
}
Adams DK, Mills SW, Shank TM and Mullineaux LS (2010), "Expanding dispersal studies at hydrothermal vents through species identification of cryptic larval forms", MARINE BIOLOGY., may, 2010. Vol. 157(5), pp. 1049-1062.
Abstract: The rapid identification of hydrothermal vent-endemic larvae to the
species level is a key limitation to understanding the dynamic processes
that control the abundance and distribution of fauna in such a patchy
and ephemeral environment. Many larval forms collected near vents, even
those in groups such as gastropods that often form a morphologically
distinct larval shell, have not been identified to species. We present a
staged approach that combines morphological and molecular identification
to optimize the capability, efficiency, and economy of identifying vent
gastropod larvae from the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR). With this
approach, 15 new larval forms can be identified to species. A total of
33 of the 41 gastropod species inhabiting the NEPR, and 26 of the 27
gastropod species known to occur specifically in the 9A degrees 50' N
region, can be identified to species. Morphological identification
efforts are improved by new protoconch descriptions for Gorgoleptis
spiralis, Lepetodrilus pustulosus, Nodopelta subnoda, and Echinopelta
fistulosa. Even with these new morphological descriptions, the majority
of lepetodrilids and peltospirids require molecular identification.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism digests are presented as an
economical method for identification of five species of Lepetodrilus and
six species of peltospirids. The remaining unidentifiable specimens can
be assigned to species by comparison to an expanded database of 18S
ribosomal DNA. The broad utility of the staged approach was exemplified
by the revelation of species-level variation in daily planktonic samples
and the identification and characterization of egg capsules belonging to
a conid gastropod Gymnobela sp. A. The improved molecular and
morphological capabilities nearly double the number of species amenable
to field studies of dispersal and population connectivity.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000276610000012,
  author = {Adams, D K and Mills, S W and Shank, T M and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Expanding dispersal studies at hydrothermal vents through species identification of cryptic larval forms},
  journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {157},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1049--1062},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-009-1386-8}
}
Krylova EM, Sahling H and Janssen R (2010), "Abyssogena: a new genus of the family Vesicomyidae (Bivalvia) from deep-water vents and seeps", JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES., may, 2010. Vol. 76(2), pp. 107-132.
Abstract: A new genus Abyssogena is established for A. phaseoliformis ( Metivier,
Okutani & Ohta, 1986) and A. kaikoi ( Okutani & Metivier, 1986), which
were previously assigned to the genus Calyptogena Dall, 1891, and also
for two new species, A. southwardae and A. novacula. The most
characteristic features of Abyssogena are an elongate shell up to about
280 mm in length; a pallial line starting from the ventral margin of the
anterior adductor scar; secondary pallial attachment scars developed
dorsal to the pallial line; radially arranged hinge teeth with a reduced
anterior cardinal tooth in the right valve; and presence of an inner
ctenidial demibranch only. Abyssogena occurs in deep water from 2,985 to
6,400 m and is distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at cold
seeps along continental margins and hydrothermal vents at mid-oceanic
ridges. Some species have a remarkably wide geographic distribution; A.
southwardae is present throughout the Atlantic and A. phaseoliformis is
present in Japan, Kuril-Kamchatka, as well as Aleutian Trenches. No
fossils of Abyssogena are known.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000277238700001,
  author = {Krylova, Elena M and Sahling, Heiko and Janssen, Ronald},
  title = {Abyssogena: a new genus of the family Vesicomyidae (Bivalvia) from deep-water vents and seeps},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {76},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--132},
  doi = {10.1093/mollus/eyp052}
}
Becker NC, Fryer P and Moore GF (2010), "Malaguana-Gadao Ridge: Identification and implications of a magma chamber reflector in the southern Mariana Trough", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., apr, 2010. Vol. 11
Abstract: Six-channel seismic reflection data reveal a magma chamber reflector
beneath the Malaguana-Gadao Ridge, the southernmost segment of the
spreading center in the Mariana Trough. For most of its length the
spreading center in this active back-arc basin is morphologically
similar to slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, having a deep central graben
flanked by a zone of abyssal hill fabric. This southernmost segment,
however, has a broad, smooth cross section, lacks a deep central graben,
and is thus similar in morphology to fast spreading ridges (e.g., the
East Pacific Rise). We identify a magma chamber at 1.5 s two-way travel
time below the crest of the ridge. Observations from remotely operated
vehicles along the ridge reveal not only fresh pillows, lobate, and
sheet lava flows but also an abundance of volcaniclastic debris and
intense hydrothermal activity. These observations, together with the
``fast spreading'' morphology of the ridge, suggest that this segment
has a considerably higher magma supply than is typical in the Mariana
Trough. We suggest that the volcanic arc or enhanced melting of a
hydrated mantle is supplying volatile-rich magma as evidenced by a
highly negative coefficient of reflection, -0.42, for this MCR and the
presence of evolved, highly vesicular lava and volcaniclastic materials.
The southeastern Mariana back-arc basin spreading ridge does not compare
readily with mechanical models for global mid-ocean ridge data sets
because of marked asymmetry in both volcanism and deformation that may
be the consequence of slab-related geometry in this part of the
convergent margin system.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000277252000001,
  author = {Becker, Nathan C and Fryer, Patricia and Moore, Gregory F},
  title = {Malaguana-Gadao Ridge: Identification and implications of a magma chamber reflector in the southern Mariana Trough},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002719}
}
Perez-Rodriguez I, Ricci J, Voordeckers JW, Starovoytov V and Vetriani C (2010), "Nautilia nitratireducens sp nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY., may, 2010. Vol. 60(5), pp. 1182-1186.
Abstract: A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic bacterium, designated strain
MB-1(T), was isolated from the walls of an active deep-sea hydrothermal
vent chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50' N 10 degrees 17'
W. The cells were Gram-negative-staining rods, approximately 1-1.5 mu m
long and 0.3-0.5 mu m wide. Strain MB-1(T) grew at 25-65 degrees C
(optimum 55 degrees C), with 10-35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20 g l(-1)) and
at pH 4.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Generation time under optimal conditions
was 45.6 min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions
with H(2) as the energy source and CO(2) as the carbon source. Nitrate
was used as the electron acceptor, with resulting production of
ammonium. Thiosulfate, sulfur and selenate were also used as electron
acceptors. No growth was observed in the presence of lactate, peptone or
tryptone. Chemo-organotrophic growth occurred in the presence of
acetate, formate, Casamino acids, sucrose, galactose and yeast extract
under a N(2)/CO(2) gas phase. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was
36.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence
indicated that this organism is closely related to Nautilia profundicola
AmH(T), Nautilia abyssi PH1209(T) and Nautilia lithotrophica 525(T) (95,
94 and 93% sequence identity, respectively). On the basis of
phylogenetic, physiological and genetic considerations, it is proposed
that the organism represents a novel species within the genus Nautilia,
Nautilia nitratireducens sp. nov. The type strain is MB-1(T) (=DSM
22087(T) =JCM 15746(T)).
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000278233400031,
  author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Ricci, Jessica and Voordeckers, James W and Starovoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino},
  title = {Nautilia nitratireducens sp nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {60},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1182--1186},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.013904-0}
}
Goffredi SK (2010), "Indigenous ectosymbiotic bacteria associated with diverse hydrothermal vent invertebrates", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS., aug, 2010. Vol. 2(4), pp. 479-488.
Abstract: PtextgreaterSymbioses involving bacteria and invertebrates contribute to the biological diversity and high productivity of both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Well-known examples from chemosynthetic deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments involve ectosymbiotic microbes associated with the external surfaces of marine invertebrates. Some of these ectosymbioses confer protection or defence from predators or the environment itself, some are nutritional in nature, and many still are of unknown function. Several recently discovered hydrothermal vent invertebrates, including two populations of yeti crab (Kiwa spp.), a limpet (Symmetromphalus aff. hageni), and the scaly-foot snail (as yet undescribed), support a consortium of diverse bacteria. Comparisons of these ectosymbioses to those previously described revealed similarities among the associated microorganisms, suggesting that certain microbes are indigenous to the surfaces of marine invertebrates. In particular, members of the Thiovulgaceae (epsilonproteobacteria) and Thiotrichaceae (gammaproteobacteria) appear to preferentially form ectosymbioses with vent crustaceans and gastropods. Interactions between specific Proteobacteria and the surfaces of many marine invertebrates likely have ecological and evolutionary significance at these chemically challenging habitats.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000279984900002,
  author = {Goffredi, Shana K},
  title = {Indigenous ectosymbiotic bacteria associated with diverse hydrothermal vent invertebrates},
  journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {479--488},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00136.x}
}
Davis EE, LaBonte A, He J, Becker K and Fisher A (2010), "Thermally stimulated ``runaway'' downhole flow in a superhydrostatic ocean crustal borehole: Observations, simulations, and inferences regarding crustal permeability", JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH., jul, 2010. Vol. 115
Abstract: An array of boreholes, drilled through a regionally continuous
hydrologically confining layer of sediments into extrusive igneous
basement rocks of the Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank, has been
instrumented with CORK hydrologic observatories for long-term monitoring
and fluid sampling. Omission of seals between nested casing strings
reaching into basement at one site created a low-resistance connection
between basement and the overlying water column, and despite the natural
superhydrostatic state of basement water at that location, a
``runaway'' condition of cold seawater downhole flow into the crust
was established, which persisted for more than 4 years. The existence of
this condition, along with perturbations generated by it and by initial
drilling operations observed at a properly sealed hole 2.4 km away, have
been used with analytic and finite element model solutions to constrain
formation permeability. The minimum threshold permeability allowing
stable downhole flow is roughly 4 x 10(-13) m(2). A value of
permeability similar to this (3-4 x 10(-13) m(2)) is estimated on the
basis of the elapsed time for initial perturbations to propagate between
the sites (similar to 2.5 days). The amplitude of the long-term flow
perturbation observed at the sealed site (roughly 1.7 kPa) is smaller
than that predicted by modeling (5-10 kPa). Models for flow in an
anisotropically permeable layer show that this could be the consequence
of low vertical permeability (e. g., arising from massive volcanic or
sediment interlayering) or high permeability in the direction of the
tectonic fabric generated at the ridge axis. Disagreement between the
permeabilities estimated here with previous large-scale estimates
appropriate for the cross-strike direction (the primary direction
between the borehole sites) (10(-10)-10(-9) m(2)) is difficult to
reconcile; it is possible that the holes are poorly connected to zones
of high permeability that facilitate the large lateral fluid and heat
fluxes previously inferred at this young crustal site.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000280049400003,
  author = {Davis, Earl E and LaBonte, Alison and He, Jiangheng and Becker, Keir and Fisher, Andrew},
  title = {Thermally stimulated ``runaway'' downhole flow in a superhydrostatic ocean crustal borehole: Observations, simulations, and inferences regarding crustal permeability},
  journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {115},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JB006986}
}
Wheat CG, Jannasch HW, Fisher AT, Becker K, Sharkey J and Hulme S (2010), "Subseafloor seawater-basalt-microbe reactions: Continuous sampling of borehole fluids in a ridge flank environment", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., jul, 2010. Vol. 11
Abstract: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1301A was drilled, cased,
and instrumented with a long-term, subseafloor observatory (CORK) on the
eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in summer 2004. This borehole is
located 1 km south of ODP Hole 1026B and 5 km north of Baby Bare
outcrop. Hole 1301A penetrates 262 m of sediment and 108 m of the
uppermost 3.5 Ma basaltic basement in an area of warm (64 degrees C)
hydrothermal circulation. The borehole was instrumented, and those
instruments were recovered 4 years later. Here we report chemical data
from two continuous fluid samplers (OsmoSamplers) and temperature
recording tools that monitored changes in the state of borehole
(formation) fluids. These changes document the effects of drilling,
fluid overpressure and flow, seawater-basalt interactions, and microbial
metababolic activity. Initially, bottom seawater flowed into the
borehole through a leak between concentric CORK casing strings.
Eventually, the direction of flow reversed, and warm, altered formation
fluid flowed into the borehole and discharged at the seafloor. This
reversal occurred during 1 week in September 2007, 3 years after
drilling operations ceased. The composition of the formation fluid
around Hole 1301A generally lies within bounds defined by springs on
Baby Bare outcrop (to the south) and fluids that discharged from Hole
1026B (to the north); deviations likely result from reactions with
drilling products. Simple conservative mixing of two end-member fluids
reveals reactions occurring within the crust, including nitrate
reduction presumably by denitrifying microbes. The observed changes in
borehole fluid composition provide the foundation for a conceptual model
of chemical and microbial change during recharge of a warm ridge-flank
hydrothermal system. This model can be tested through future scientific
ocean drilling experiments.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000280324500002,
  author = {Wheat, C Geoffrey and Jannasch, Hans W and Fisher, Andrew T and Becker, Keir and Sharkey, Jessica and Hulme, Samuel},
  title = {Subseafloor seawater-basalt-microbe reactions: Continuous sampling of borehole fluids in a ridge flank environment},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003057}
}
Huegler M, Gaertner A and Imhoff JF (2010), "Functional genes as markers for sulfur cycling and CO2 fixation in microbial communities of hydrothermal vents of the Logatchev field", FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY., sep, 2010. Vol. 73(3), pp. 526-537.
Abstract: Life at deep-sea hydrothermal vents depends on chemolithoautotrophic
microorganisms as primary producers mediating the transfer of energy
from hydrothermal fluids to higher trophic levels. A comprehensive
molecular survey was performed with microbial communities in a mussel
patch at the Irina II site of the Logatchev hydrothermal field by
combining the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with studies of
functional key genes involved in biochemical pathways of sulfur
oxidation-reduction (soxB, aprA) and autotrophic carbon fixation (aclB,
cbbM, cbbL). Most significantly, major groups of chemoautotrophic sulfur
oxidizers in the diffuse fluids differed in their biosynthetic pathways
of both carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation. One important component of
the community, the Epsilonproteobacteria, has the potential to grow
chemoautotrophically by means of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
and to gain energy through the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds
using the Sox pathway. The majority of soxB and all retrieved aclB gene
sequences were assigned to this group. Another important group in this
habitat, the Gammaproteobacteria, may use the adenosine
5'-phosphosulfate pathway and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, deduced
from the presence of aprA and cbbM genes. Hence, two important groups of
primary producers at the investigated site might use different pathways
for sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000280633000010,
  author = {Huegler, Michael and Gaertner, Andrea and Imhoff, Johannes F},
  title = {Functional genes as markers for sulfur cycling and CO2 fixation in microbial communities of hydrothermal vents of the Logatchev field},
  journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {73},
  number = {3},
  pages = {526--537},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00919.x}
}
Huber JA, Cantin HV, Huse SM, Welch DBM, Sogin ML and Butterfield DA (2010), "Isolated communities of Epsilonproteobacteria in hydrothermal vent fluids of the Mariana Arc seamounts", FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY., sep, 2010. Vol. 73(3), pp. 538-549.
Abstract: Low-temperature hydrothermal vent fluids represent access points to
diverse microbial communities living in oceanic crust. This study
examined the distribution, relative abundance, and diversity of
Epsilonproteobacteria in 14 low-temperature vent fluids from five
volcanically active seamounts of the Mariana Arc using a 454 tag
sequencing approach. Most vent fluids were enriched in cell
concentrations compared with background seawater, and quantitative PCR
results indicated that all fluids were dominated by bacteria.
Operational taxonomic unit-based statistical tools applied to 454 data
show that all vents from the northern end of the Mariana Arc grouped
together, to the exclusion of southern arc seamounts, which were as
distinct from one another as they were from northern seamounts.
Statistical analysis also showed a significant relationship between
seamount and individual vent groupings, suggesting that community
membership may be linked to geographical isolation and not geochemical
parameters. However, while there may be large-scale geographic
differences, distance is not the distinguishing factor in the microbial
community composition. At the local scale, most vents host a distinct
population of Epsilonproteobacteria, regardless of seamount location.
This suggests that there may be barriers to exchange and dispersal for
these vent endemic microorganisms at hydrothermal seamounts of the
Mariana Arc.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000280633000011,
  author = {Huber, Julie A and Cantin, Holly V and Huse, Susan M and Welch, David B Mark and Sogin, Mitchell L and Butterfield, David A},
  title = {Isolated communities of Epsilonproteobacteria in hydrothermal vent fluids of the Mariana Arc seamounts},
  journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {73},
  number = {3},
  pages = {538--549},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00910.x}
}
Fundis AT, Soule SA, Fornari DJ and Perfit MR (2010), "Paving the seafloor: Volcanic emplacement processes during the 2005-2006 eruptions at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ` N", GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS., aug, 2010. Vol. 11
Abstract: The 2005-2006 eruptions near 9 degrees 50'N at the East Pacific Rise
(EPR) marked the first observed repeat eruption at a mid-ocean ridge and
provided a unique opportunity to deduce the emplacement dynamics of
submarine lava flows. Since these new flows were documented in April
2006, a total of 40 deep-towed imaging surveys have been conducted with
the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's (WHOI) TowCam system. More
than 60,000 digital color images and high-resolution bathymetric
profiles of the 2005-2006 flows from the TowCam surveys were analyzed
for lava flow morphology and for the presence of kipukas, collapse
features, faults and fissures. We use these data to quantify the spatial
distributions of lava flow surface morphologies and to investigate how
they relate to the physical characteristics of the ridge crest, such as
seafloor slope, and inferred dynamics of flow emplacement. We conclude
that lava effusion rate was the dominant factor controlling the observed
morphological variations in the 2005-2006 flows. We also show that
effusion rates were higher than in previously studied eruptions at this
site and varied systematically along the length of the eruptive fissure.
This is the first well-documented study in which variations in seafloor
lava morphology can be directly related to a well documented ridge-crest
eruption where effusion rate varied significantly.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000281572000001,
  author = {Fundis, A T and Soule, S A and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Paving the seafloor: Volcanic emplacement processes during the 2005-2006 eruptions at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ` N},
  journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GC003058}
}
Kouridaki I, Polymenakou PN, Tselepides A, Mandalakis M and Smith Jr. KL (2010), "Phylogenetic diversity of sediment bacteria from the deep Northeastern Pacific Ocean: a comparison with the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea", INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY., sep, 2010. Vol. 13(3), pp. 143-150.
Abstract: The variability of bacterial community composition and diversity was
studied by comparative analysis of five 16S rRNA gene clone libraries
from deep-sea sediments (water column depth: 4000 m) of the Northeastern
Pacific Ocean and Eastern Mediterranean Sea. This is the first
comparison of the bacterial communities living in these deep-sea
ecosystems. The estimated chlorophyll a, organic carbon, and C/N ratio
provided evidence of significant differences in the trophic state of the
sediments between the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and the much warmer
Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A diverse range of 16S rRNA gene phylotypes
was found in the sediments of both regions. These were represented by 11
different taxonomic groups, with Gammaproteobacteria predominating in
the Northeastern Pacific Ocean sediments and Acidobacteria in the
Eastern Mediterranean microbial community. In addition, several 16S rRNA
gene phylotypes only distantly related to any of the previously
identified sequences (non-affiliated rRNA genes) represented a
significant fraction of the total sequences. The potential diversity at
the two sites differs but remains largely unexplored and remains of
continuing scientific interest. [Int Microbiol 2010; 13(3):143-150]
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000283642100005,
  author = {Kouridaki, Ioanna and Polymenakou, Paraskevi N and Tselepides, Anastasios and Mandalakis, Manolis and Smith Jr., Kenneth L},
  title = {Phylogenetic diversity of sediment bacteria from the deep Northeastern Pacific Ocean: a comparison with the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea},
  journal = {INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {143--150},
  doi = {10.2436/20.1501.01.119}
}
Vardaro MF (2010), "Genetic and anatomic relationships among three morphotypes of the echinoid Echinocrepis rostrata", INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY. Vol. 129(4), pp. 368-375.
Abstract: Three morphotypes-purple, tan, and white-of an irregular echinoid of the genus Echinocrepis are commonly observed in the deep North Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial (mt) 16S DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequences were amplified from gonadal tissue samples from specimens of each morphotype. These portions of the mitochondrial genome are commonly used in species barcoding, and their similarities were compared and placed in 95% connection limit parsimony networks. All three morphotypes have similar 16S mtDNA and COI mtDNA sequences, and are thus likely representatives of the same species, Echinocrepis rostrata. Specimens of the white morphotype were smaller than the specimens of the other two morphotypes, had less gonad tissue, and had a different body shape, suggesting that it represents the juvenile form of E. rostrata. Resolving the three morphotypes into one species simplifies the identification of E. rostrata from photographs and leads to a greater understanding of the life history and reproductive cycle of a species vital to deep-sea bioturbation and carbon sequestration.
BibTeX:
@article{ISI:000284431900008,
  author = {Vardaro, Michael F},
  title = {Genetic and anatomic relationships among three morphotypes of the echinoid Echinocrepis rostrata},
  journal = {INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {129},
  number = {4},
  pages = {368--375},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00205.x}
}
Jackson PR, Ledwell JR and Thurnherr AM (2010), "Dispersion of a tracer on the East Pacific Rise (9 degrees N–10 degrees N), including the influence of hydrothermal plumes", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 57(1), pp. 37-52.
Abstract: On 12 November 2006, 3 kg of sulfur hexafluoride were released in a 1.2 km long streak in the axial summit trough of the East Pacific Rise at 9°30′N to study how circulation and mixing affect larval dispersion. The first half of a tracer survey performed approximately 40 days after the injection found a small percentage of the tracer on the ridge axis between 9°30′N and 10°10′N, with the main concentration near 9°50′N, a site of many active hydrothermal vents. These observations provide evidence of larval connectivity between vent sites on the ridge. The latter half of the survey detected the primary patch of tracer west of the ridge and just south of the Lamont Seamounts, as a majority of the tracer had been transported off the ridge. However, by the end of the survey, the eastern edge of this patch was transported back to within 10 km of the ridge crest at 9°50′N by a reversal in the subinertial flow, suggesting another pathway for larvae between points along the ridge. Both the horizontal and vertical distributions of the tracer were complex and were likely heavily influenced by topography and vents in the area. Elevated tracer concentrations within the axial summit trough and an adjacent depression on the upper ridge flank suggest that tracers may be detained in such depressions. Correlated tracer/turbidity profiles provide direct evidence of entrainment of the tracer into vent plumes from 9°30′N to 10°N. A comparison of the vertical tracer inventory with neutral density vent-plume observations suggests that on the order of 10% of the tracer injected was entrained into vent plumes near the injection site. The results imply that effluent from diffuse hydrothermal sources and larvae of hydrothermal vent fauna can be entrained in significant quantities into plumes from discrete sources and dispersed in the neutrally buoyant plumes.
BibTeX:
@article{Jackson2010,
  author = {Jackson, P R and Ledwell, J R and Thurnherr, A M},
  title = {Dispersion of a tracer on the East Pacific Rise (9 degrees N–10 degrees N), including the influence of hydrothermal plumes},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--52},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.011}
}
Johnson HP, Tivey MA, Bjorklund TA and Salmi MS (2010), "Hydrothermal circulation within the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 11, pp. Q05002.
Abstract: Areas of the seafloor at mid-ocean ridges where hydrothermal vents discharge are easily recognized by the dramatic biological, physical, and chemical processes that characterize such sites. Locations where seawater flows into the seafloor to recharge hydrothermal cells within the crustal reservoir are by contrast almost invisible but can be indirectly identified by a systematic grid of conductive heat flow measurements. An array of conductive heat flow stations in the Endeavour axial valley of the Juan de Fuca Ridge has identified recharge zones that appear to represent a nested system of fluid circulation paths. At the scale of an axial rift valley, conductive heat flow data indicate a general cross-valley fluid flow, where seawater enters the shallow subsurface crustal reservoir at the eastern wall of the Endeavour axial valley and undergoes a kilometer of horizontal transit beneath the valley floor, finally exiting as warm hydrothermal fluid discharge on the western valley bounding wall. Recharge zones also have been identified as located within an annular ring of very cold seafloor around the large Main Endeavour Hydrothermal Field, with seawater inflow occurring within faults that surround the fluid discharge sites. These conductive heat flow data are consistent with previous models where high-temperature fluid circulation cells beneath large hydrothermal vent fields may be composed of narrow vertical cylinders. Subsurface fluid circulation on the Endeavour Segment occurs at various crustal depths in three distinct modes: (1) general east to west flow across the entire valley floor, (2) in narrow cylinders that penetrate deeply to high-temperature heat sources, and (3) supplying low-temperature diffuse vents where seawater is entrained into the shallow uppermost crust by the adjacent high-temperature cylindrical systems. The systematic array of conductive heat flow measurements over the axial valley floor averaged ∼150 mW/m2, suggesting that only about 3% of the total energy flux of ocean crustal formation is removed by conductive heat transfer, with the remainder being dissipated to overlying seawater by fluid advection.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2010,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Tivey, M A and Bjorklund, T A and Salmi, M S},
  title = {Hydrothermal circulation within the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {Q05002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002957},
  doi = {10.1029/2009GC002957}
}
Joye SB, Bowles MW, Samarkin VA, Hunter KS and Niemann H (2010), "Biogeochemical signatures and microbial activity of different cold-seep habitats along the Gulf of Mexico deep slope", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1990-2001.
Abstract: Microorganisms and the processes they mediate serve as the metabolic foundation of cold seeps. We characterized a suite of biogeochemical constituents and quantified rates of two key microbial processes, Sulfate Reduction (SR) and Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (AOM), to assess variability between habitats at water depths exceeding 1000 m in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Rates of SR were highest in sediments beneath microbial mats, lower in brine-influenced and oil-influenced sediments, and lowest in animal habitats. Sediments collected near tubeworms had the highest SR rates for animal habitats. Rates of AOM generally were low, but higher rates were associated with brine-influenced, oil-influenced, tubeworm- and urchin-inhabited sediments. Rates of both SR and AOM were orders of magnitude lower at deep-slope sites compared to upper-slope sites examined previously. As observed at upper-slope sites, SR and AOM rates were often loosely coupled. At one site, AOM rates exceeded SR rates, suggesting that an alternate electron acceptor for AOM is possible. Extremely depleted δ13C values in methane illustrated the broad significance of biogenic methane production at deep-slope sites. Brine-influenced habitats were characterized by extremely high concentrations of ammonium and dissolved organic carbon, serving as important focused sources of these chemicals to adjacent environments.
BibTeX:
@article{Joye2010,
  author = {Joye, S B and Bowles, M W and Samarkin, V A and Hunter, K S and Niemann, H},
  title = {Biogeochemical signatures and microbial activity of different cold-seep habitats along the Gulf of Mexico deep slope},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1990--2001},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.06.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.06.001}
}
Kellogg CA (2010), "Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 2002-2007.
Abstract: Little is known about the distribution and abundance of viruses in deep-sea cold-seep environments. Like hydrothermal vents, seeps support communities of macrofauna that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. Sediments close to these communities are hypothesized to be more microbiologically active and therefore to host higher numbers of viruses than non-seep areas. Push cores were taken at five types of Gulf of Mexico habitats at water depths below 1000 m using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The habitats included non-seep reference sediment, brine seeps, a microbial mat, an urchin field, and a pogonophoran worm community. Samples were processed immediately for enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes without the addition of a preservative. Prokaryote counts were an order of magnitude lower in sediments directly in contact with macrofauna (urchins, pogonophorans) compared to all other samples (107 vs. 108 cells g−1 dry weight) and were highest in areas of elevated salinity (brine seeps). Viral-Like Particle (VLP) counts were lowest in the reference sediments and pogonophoran cores (108 VLP g−1 dry wt), higher in brine seeps (109 VLP g−1 dry wt), and highest in the microbial mats (1010 VLP g−1 dry wt). Virus-prokaryote ratios (VPR) ranged from textless5 in the reference sediment to textgreater30 in the microbial mats and textgreater60 in the urchin field. VLP counts and VPR were all significantly greater than those reported from sediments in the deep Mediterranean Sea and in most cases were higher than recent data from a cold-seep site near Japan. The high VPR suggest that greater microbial activity in or near cold-seep environments results in greater viral production and therefore higher numbers of viruses.
BibTeX:
@article{Kellogg2010,
  author = {Kellogg, C A},
  title = {Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {2002--2007},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.006},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.006}
}
Lang SQ, Butterfield DA, Schulte M, Kelley DS and Lilley MD (2010), "Elevated concentrations of formate, acetate and dissolved organic carbon found at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(3), pp. 941-942.
Abstract: Fluids from the ultramafic-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field were analyzed for total dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic acids. Formate (36–158 μmol/kg) and acetate (1–35 μmol/kg) concentrations are higher than in other fluids from unsedimented hydrothermal vents, and are a higher ratio of the total dissolved organic carbon than has been found in most marine geothermal systems. Isotopic evidence is consistent with an abiotic formation mechanism for formate, perhaps during serpentinization processes in the sub-surface. Further support comes from previous studies where the abiological formation of low molecular weight organic acids has been shown to be thermodynamically favorable during hydrothermal alteration of olivine, and laboratory studies in which the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate has been confirmed. As the second most prevalent carbon species after methane, formate may be an important substrate to microbial communities in an environment where dissolved inorganic carbon is limited. Acetate is found in locations where sulfate reduction is believed to be important and is likely to be a microbial by-product, formed either directly by autotrophic metabolic activity or indirectly during the fermentative degradation of larger organic molecules. Given the common occurrence of exposed ultramafic rocks and active serpentinization within the worlds ocean basins, the abiotic formation of formate may be an important process supporting life in these high pH environments and may have critical implications to understanding the organic precursors from which life evolved.
BibTeX:
@article{Lang2010,
  author = {Lang, S Q and Butterfield, D A and Schulte, M and Kelley, D S and Lilley, M D},
  title = {Elevated concentrations of formate, acetate and dissolved organic carbon found at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {3},
  pages = {941--942},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.045},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.045}
}
Lessard-Pilon S, Porter MD, Cordes EE, MacDonald IR and Fisher CR (2010), "Community composition and temporal change at deep Gulf of Mexico cold seeps", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1891-1903.
Abstract: Specialized cold-seep communities have been known to exist in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) since the mid-1980s, but only recently has extensive research been carried out on sites at depths textgreater1000 m. This study uses a combination of imagery and analyses within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework to examine the composition of mussel and tubeworm communities at depths between 2200 and 2800 m in the Gulf of Mexico, spatial relations among the fauna, and changes in these communities over time. Photomosaics at three discrete seep communities were obtained in 2006 and a video mosaic of another community was obtained in 1992. Each of these communities was re-imaged in 2007. In addition, quantitative physical collections were made within two of the photomosaic sites and used to confirm the identification of megafauna, quantify the occurrence of smaller and cryptic macrofauna, and allow first-order calculations of biomass within the sites. Substrate type had a significant effect on community composition. Significant associations were identified between live mussels with anemones, shrimp, and sea cucumbers, and between tubeworm aggregations and Munidopsis sp. crabs and encrusting fauna, indicating differences in the composition of megafauna associated with adjacent mussel and tubeworm aggregations. Little change was seen in the total area colonized by foundation fauna (tubeworms and mussels) between years at any site. However, significant changes occurred in the positions of mussels, even over periods of a single year, at all sites, and evidence for the establishment of new tubeworm aggregations between 1992 and 2007 was noted at one site. These photomosaics provide data suggesting that environmental conditions can change over small spatial and temporal scales and mussels move in response to these changes. The successional trends are examined and compared to the patterns that have been documented in shallow (textless1000-m depth) Gulf of Mexico seep communities.
BibTeX:
@article{Lessard-Pilon2010,
  author = {Lessard-Pilon, S and Porter, M D and Cordes, E E and MacDonald, I R and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Community composition and temporal change at deep Gulf of Mexico cold seeps},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1891--1903},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.012},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.012}
}
Levin LA, Mendoza GF, Gonzalez JP, Thurber AR and Cordes EE (2010), "Diversity of bathyal macrofauna on the northeastern Pacific margin: the influence of methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones", Marine Ecology. Vol. 31(1), pp. 94-110. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Abstract: The upper continental slope in the northeastern Pacific Ocean is intercepted by a deep oxygen minimum zone (OMZ; 650–1100 m) and punctuated by conduits of methane seepage. We examined the effects of these two dominant sources of heterogeneity on the density, composition and diversity of heterotrophic macrofauna off Hydrate Ridge, Oregon (OR; 800 m water depth), where the seeps co-occur within an OMZ, and off the Eel River, Northern California (CA; 500 m), where seeps are overlain by better oxygenated waters. We hypothesized that seeps (containing clam beds and microbial mats) should contribute a suite of distinct species to the regional margin species pool but that OMZ-associated hypoxia would dampen seep-related heterogeneity. Macrofaunal densities were highest (23,000–33,510 indtextperiodcenteredm−2) in the CA seep sediments and in the OR near-seep samples, intermediate in the OR seep, CA near seep and CA and OR 500-m margin sediments (10,054–19,777 indtextperiodcenteredm−2), and lowest in the CA and OR OMZ habitats at 800 m (4269–7847 indtextperiodcenteredm−2). Annelids constituted over 50% of the taxa in all but the CA clam bed and OR microbial mat sediments, where mollusks were abundant. Approximately 50% of seep species appeared to be habitat endemic; species present in microbial mats largely formed a subset of those present in the clam beds. Dorvilleid and ampharetid polychaetes were dominant in the seep sediments; non-seep margin sediments at 500 and 800 m were populated heavily by branchiate polychaetes including cossurids and paraonids. Alpha diversity (Es[20] calculated per core) was lowest and rank 1 dominance was highest in the CA and OR microbial mat habitats. Pooled analyses of Es[100] revealed highest species richness in the CA clam bed and near-seep habitats (30.3 and 29.6, respectively), and lowest species richness in the OR microbial mat and near-seep habitats (16.5 and 17.9, respectively). Non-seep sediments (500 and 800 m) off both CA and OR were more homogeneous (55–57% within-habitat similarity) than clam bed and microbial mat sediments (only 32–37% within-habitat similarity). CA sediment macrofauna generally exhibit higher alpha diversity, and as habitats are combined, a higher rate of increase in the slope of the species accumulation curves than do OR margin macrofauna. Methane seeps in the NE Pacific introduce significant heterogeneity that increases margin biodiversity at multiple spatial scales. However, our hypothesis that the OMZ would lessen the seep contributions to diversity was not supported. The better oxygenated CA seeps at 500 m shared more of the background margin fauna (at 500 m) than did the OR seeps at 800 m (with OMZ fauna at 800 m). Geographical differences in the fluxes of methane-rich fluids and the increased reliance on chemosynthetic food sources with increased depth could explain these results.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2010,
  author = {Levin, L A and Mendoza, G F and Gonzalez, J P and Thurber, A R and Cordes, E E},
  title = {Diversity of bathyal macrofauna on the northeastern Pacific margin: the influence of methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {94--110},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00335.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00335.x}
}
MacDonald IR, Smith M and Huffer FW (2010), "Community structure comparisons of lower slope hydrocarbon seeps, northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1904-1915.
Abstract: Photographic sampling collected from ROV JASON III on randomized transects (generally 10 per site) was used to compare seven suspected hydrocarbon seeps on the lower continental slope at depths of 956 to 2330 m. The study design focused on areas containing high-amplitude reflectance patterns in seismic returns from the bottom. Animal samples nested in these areas and high-resolution photographic mosaics permitted fine-scale description of the community components and their associations with each other. The transect results showed three types of chemosynthetic community: carbonate prone, brine pool prone, and low-density. These communities are characterized by, respectively, abundant carbonate rubble and tubeworm clusters, bacterial mats and brine pools, and relatively sparse chemosynthetic fauna that tended to be overlooked by the photographic survey plan. These differences were not clearly related to depth or longitude because the sites are at the opposite eastern and western extents of the project region. Photographic survey is a statistically reliable method for detecting the carbonate rubble and bacterial mat types of community, but may be unreliable for sparse or clustered fauna such as seep mussels. Photographic survey results provided relatively low taxonomic resolution, but were sufficient to distinguish statistical differences in the abundance of characteristic faunal groups, such as the Echinoidea and Gorgonacea, associated with hydrocarbon seeps. Initial studies of statistical power indicate that future photographic surveys of suspected seep communities, if conducted with an equivalent level of effort, might detect the presence of more abundant habitat, including carbonate rubble, bacterial mats, and tubeworms, but could miss less abundant indicators.
BibTeX:
@article{MacDonald2010,
  author = {MacDonald, I R and Smith, M and Huffer, F W},
  title = {Community structure comparisons of lower slope hydrocarbon seeps, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1904--1915},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.002}
}
Martin JB, Bernhard JM, Curtis J and Rathburn AE (2010), "Combined carbonate carbon isotopic and cellular ultrastructural studies of individual benthic foraminifera: Method description", Paleoceanography. Vol. 25, pp. PA2211.
Abstract: Carbon isotopes of foraminiferal tests provide a widely used proxy for past oceanographic environmental conditions. This proxy can be calibrated using live specimens, which are reliably identified with observations of cell ultrastructure. Observations of ultrastructures can also be used for studies of biological characteristics such as diet and presence of symbionts. Combining biological and isotopic studies on individual foraminifera could provide novel information, but standard isotopic methods destroy ultrastructures by desiccating specimens and observations of ultrastructure require removal of carbonate tests, preventing isotope measurements. The approach described here preserves cellular ultrastructure during isotopic analyses by keeping the foraminifera in an aqueous buffer (Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)). The technique was developed and standardized with 36 aliquots of NBS-19 standard of similar weight to foraminiferal tests (5 to 123 μg). Standard errors ranged from ± 0.06 to ± 0.85‰ and were caused by CO2 contaminants dissolved in the PBS. The technique was used to measure δ13C values of 96 foraminifera, 10 of which do not precipitate carbonate tests. Calcareous foraminiferal tests had corrected carbon isotope ratios of −8.5 to +3.2‰. This new technique allows comparisons of isotopic compositions of tests made by foraminifera known to be alive at the time of collection with their biological characteristics such as prey composition and presence or absence of putative symbionts. The approach may be applied to additional biomineralizing organisms such as planktonic foraminifera, pteropods, corals, and coccolithophores to elucidate certain biological controls on their paleoceanographic proxy signatures.
BibTeX:
@article{Martin2010,
  author = {Martin, J B and Bernhard, J M and Curtis, J and Rathburn, A E},
  title = {Combined carbonate carbon isotopic and cellular ultrastructural studies of individual benthic foraminifera: Method description},
  journal = {Paleoceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {PA2211},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001846},
  doi = {10.1029/2009PA001846}
}
Miglietta MP, Hourdez S, Cowart DA, Schaeffer SW and Fisher CR (2010), "Species boundaries of Gulf of Mexico vestimentiferans (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) inferred from mitochondrial genes", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1916-1925.
Abstract: At least six morphospecies of vestimentiferan tubeworms are associated with cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The physiology and ecology of the two best-studied species from depths above 1000 m in the upper Louisiana slope (Lamellibrachia luymesi and Seepiophila jonesi) are relatively well understood. The biology of one rare species from the upper slope (escarpiid sp. nov.) and three morphospecies found at greater depths in the GOM (Lamellibrachia sp. 1, L. sp. 2, and Escarpia laminata) are not as well understood. Here we address species distributions and boundaries of cold-seep tubeworms using phylogenetic hypotheses based on two mitochondrial genes. Fragments of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit rDNA (16S) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes were sequenced for 167 vestimentiferans collected from the GOM and analyzed in the context of other seep vestimentiferans for which sequence data were available. The analysis supported five monophyletic clades of vestimentiferans in the GOM. Intra-clade variation in both genes was very low, and there was no apparent correlation between the within-clade diversity and collection depth or location. Two of the morphospecies of Lamellibrachia from different depths in the GOM could not be distinguished by either mitochondrial gene. Similarly, E. laminata could not be distinguished from other described species of Escarpia from either the west coast of Africa or the eastern Pacific using COI. We suggest that the mitochondrial COI and 16S genes have little utility as barcoding markers for seep vestimentiferan tubeworms.
BibTeX:
@article{Miglietta2010,
  author = {Miglietta, M P and Hourdez, S and Cowart, D A and Schaeffer, S W and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Species boundaries of Gulf of Mexico vestimentiferans (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) inferred from mitochondrial genes},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1916--1925},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.007}
}
Nakata DS (2010), "Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO2 variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 63. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) exhibit a wide range of CO2 concentrations, reflecting saturation to supersaturation (and rarely undersaturation) relative to their emplacement depths. In this study, we explore the mechanisms of CO2 degassing and the implications this has for estimating the advance rates and durations of seafloor eruptions. We present dissolved volatile concentrations (mainly of CO2 and H2O) and vesicle size distributions (VSDs) for a unique suite of MORB glasses collected at the East Pacific Rise, ˜9° 50′ N. These MORB glasses were collected at ˜200 m intervals along an across-axis track over a single flow pathway within the recently emplaced 2005-06 eruption boundaries; systematic sample collection provides one of the first opportunities to characterize intra-flow geochemical and physical evolution during a single eruption at a fast-spreading ridge. Compared to measurements of MORB volatiles globally, dissolved H2O concentrations are relatively uniform (0.10 - 0.16 weight percent), whereas dissolved CO2 contents exhibit a range of concentrations (154 - 278 ppm) and decrease with distance from the EPR axis (i.e., eruptive vent). Ion microprobe analyses of dissolved volatiles within the MORB glasses suggest that the magma erupted supersaturated (pressure equilibrium with 920 - 1224 mbsf) and in near-equilibrium with the melt lens of the axial magma chamber (˜1250 - 1500 mbsf), and degassed to near equilibrium (299 - 447 mbsf) with seafloor depths over the length of the flow. The decrease in CO2 concentrations spans nearly the full range of dissolved CO2 contents observed at the EPR and shows that the varying degrees of volatile saturation that have been observed in other MORB sample suites may be explained by degassing during emplacement. Vesicularity (0.1 - 1.2%) increases with decreasing dissolved CO2 concentrations. We use vesicle size distributions (VSDs)—vesicle sizes and number densities—to quantify the physical evolution of the CO2 degassing process. VSDs suggest that diffusion of CO2 into preexisting vesicles, and not nucleation of new vesicles, is the dominant mechanism of increasing CO2 in the vapor phase. We also use VSDs, along with estimates of vesicle growth rates, to constrain emplacement time of the 2005-06 eruption to textless˜24 hours and to resolve variations in advance rate with downflow distance.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Nakata2010,
  author = {Nakata, D S},
  title = {Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO2 variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {63},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3933},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3933}
}
Nevala AE (2010), "Alvin gets an interior re-design: sub's new sphere will provide a little more room and comfort", Oceanus. Vol. 48(2), pp. 16-17.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2010,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {Alvin gets an interior re-design: sub's new sphere will provide a little more room and comfort},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16--17}
}
Nevala AE (2010), "Building the next-generation Alvin: plan offers a roadmap to extend sub's diving capacity to 6,500 meters", Oceanus. Vol. 48(2), pp. 12-15.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2010a,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {Building the next-generation Alvin: plan offers a roadmap to extend sub's diving capacity to 6,500 meters},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12--15}
}
Olu K, Cordes EE, Fisher CR, Brooks JM, Sibuet M and Desbruyeres D (2010), "Biogeography and Potential Exchanges Among the Atlantic Equatorial Belt Cold-Seep Faunas", PLoS ONE. Vol. 5(8), pp. e11967.
Abstract: Like hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges, cold seeps are patchy and isolated ecosystems along continental margins, extending from bathyal to abyssal depths. The Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Guinea, was one focus of the Census of Marine Life ChEss (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems) program to study biogeography of seep and vent fauna. We present a review and analysis of collections from five seep regions along the AEB: the Gulf of Mexico where extensive faunal sampling has been conducted from 400 to 3300m, the Barbados accretionary prism, the Blake ridge diapir, and in the Eastern Atlantic from the Congo and Gabon margins and the recently explored Nigeria margin. Of the 72 taxa identified at the species level, a total of 9 species or species complexes are identified as amphi-Atlantic. Similarity analyses based on both Bray Curtis and Hellinger distances among 9 faunal collections, and principal component analysis based on presence/absence of megafauna species at these sites, suggest that within the AEB seep megafauna community structure is influenced primarily by depth rather than by geographic distance. Depth segregation is observed between 1000 and 2000m, with the middle slope sites either grouped with those deeper than 2000m or with the shallower sites. The highest level of community similarity was found between the seeps of the Florida escarpment and Congo margin. In the western Atlantic, the highest degree of similarity is observed between the shallowest sites of the Barbados prism and of the Louisiana slope. The high number of amphi-atlantic cold-seep species that do not cluster according to biogeographic regions, and the importance of depth in structuring AEB cold-seep communities are the major conclusions of this study. The hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) did not appear as “stepping stones” for dispersal of the AEB seep fauna, however, the south MAR and off axis regions should be further explored to more fully test this hypothesis.
BibTeX:
@article{Olu2010,
  author = {Olu, K and Cordes, E E and Fisher, C R and Brooks, J M and Sibuet, M and Desbruyeres, D},
  title = {Biogeography and Potential Exchanges Among the Atlantic Equatorial Belt Cold-Seep Faunas},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {e11967},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0011967}
}
Podowski EL, Ma S, Luther GW, Wardrop D and Fisher CR (2010), "Biotic and abiotic factors affecting distributions of megafauna in diffuse flow on andesite and basalt along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 418, pp. 25-45.
Abstract: Imagery and environmental data from 7 diffuse flow hydrothermal vent sites along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) are used to constrain the effects of lava type, temperature, chemistry, and biological interactions on faunal distributions. Of the species with chemoautotrophic endosymbionts, the snail Alviniconcha spp. occupies habitats with the greatest exposure to vent fluids. Temperatures exceeding 45°C define its upper limit of exposure to vent flow, and minimum sulfide requirements constrain its lower limits. The mussel Bathymodiolus brevior experiences the least exposure to vent flow; temperatures of about 20°C determine its upper limit, while its lower limit is defined by its minimum sulfide requirements. The snail Ifremeria nautilei inhabits areas with intermediate exposure to vent fluids and biological interactions are likely the most important factor shaping this snail's realized niche. Microhabitats of non-symbiont-containing fauna were defined in terms of symbiont-containing faunal distributions. The crab Austinograea spp. occupies areas with the greatest exposure to vent flow; shrimp, the snail Eosipho desbruyeresi, and anemones inhabit intermediate zones of vent flow; and the squat lobster Munidopsis lauensis dominates the periphery of diffuse flow areas, with little exposure to vent fluids. The physical structure of different lava types along the ELSC differentially affects the diffusion of vent fluids, which has a variety of implications for fauna, particularly distributions of zoanthids, anemones, and mixed communities of I. nautilei and B. brevior.
BibTeX:
@article{Podowski2010,
  author = {Podowski, E L and Ma, S and Luther, G W and Wardrop, D and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Biotic and abiotic factors affecting distributions of megafauna in diffuse flow on andesite and basalt along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {418},
  pages = {25--45},
  doi = {10.3354/meps08797}
}
Richberg KP (2010), "Identification of chemoautotrophic microorganisms from a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent at EPR 9 degrees North using 13C DNA Stable Isotope Probing and Catalyzed Activated Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 54. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: At deep‐sea hydrothermal vents chemolithoautotrophic microbes mediate the transfer of geothermal chemical energy to higher trophic levels. To better understand these underlying processes and the organisms catalyzing them, this research used DNA Stable Isotope Probing (SIP) combined with Catalyzed Activated Reporter Deposition‐Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (CARD‐FISH) to identify the microorganisms chemoautotrophically supporting the food web at a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent. Both anaerobic and aerobic shipboard incubations containing various augmented electron donor and acceptor species showed that Epsilonproteobacteria were the dominant chemoautotrophs with greater than 70% of the cells counted within the first 24 hours. 13C DNA SIP identified unique organisms not previously characterized from low temperature diffuse flow venting: green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobi‐like organisms) possibly utilizing photoautotrophy, aerobic Lutibacter litoralis‐like organisms growing under anaerobic conditions, and Epsilonproteobacterial Thioreductor sp. at temperatures above maximum known tolerances. This research illustrates both the promise and pitfalls of the SIP technique applied to hydrothermal systems, concluding that timing of the incubation experiments is the critical step in eliminating undesired 13C labeling. These results set the stage for a more thorough future examination of diffuse flow microorganisms by presenting interesting questions that second generation experiments could be designed to answer.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Richberg2010,
  author = {Richberg, K P},
  title = {Identification of chemoautotrophic microorganisms from a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent at EPR 9 degrees North using 13C DNA Stable Isotope Probing and Catalyzed Activated Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {54},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4078},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/4078}
}
Roberts HH, Feng D and Joye SB (2010), "Cold-seep carbonates of the middle and lower continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 2040-2054.
Abstract: Authigenic carbonates from cold seeps on the middle and lower continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) exhibit a wide range of mineralogical and stable isotopic compositions. These carbonates consist of concretions and nodules in surface sediments, hardgrounds of crusts and isolated slabs, and mounded buildups of blocks and slabs of up to over 10 meters in relief above the surrounding seafloor. Mineralogically, the carbonates are dominated by high-Mg calcite (HMC) and aragonite. However, low levels (textless5 wt%) of dolomite are present in most samples. Petrographically, Mg-calcite peloidal matrix and acicular to botryoidal aragonitic void-filling cements are the most frequent associations. The carbon isotopic compositions of the carbonates range from −60.8 to 14.0‰ PDB, indicating complex carbon sources that include 13C-depleted biogenic and thermogenic methane, biodegraded crude oil, seawater CO2, and 13C-enriched residual CO2 from methanogenesis. A similarly large variability in δ18O values (2.5 to 6.7‰ PDB) demonstrates the geochemical complexity of the slope, with some samples pointing toward an 18O-enriched oxygen source that is possibly related to advection of 18O-enriched formation water and/or to the decomposition of gas hydrate. A considerable range of mineralogical and isotopic variations in cold-seep carbonate composition was noted even within individual study sites. However, common trends occur across multiple geographic areas. This situation suggests that local controls on fluid and gas flux, types of seep hydrocarbons, the presence or absence of gas hydrate in the near-surface sediment, and chemosynthetic communities, as well as the temporal evolution of the local hydrocarbon reservoir, all may play a part in determining carbonate mineralogy and isotope geochemistry. The carbon isotope data clearly indicate that between-site variation is greater than within-site variation. Seep carbonates formed on the middle and lower continental slope of the GOM do not appear to be substantially different from those found on the upper slope (textless1000-m water depth). The highly variable fluids and gases that leave their geochemical imprints on seep carbonate of the middle and lower continental slope are similar to their outer shelf and upper slope counterparts.
BibTeX:
@article{Roberts2010,
  author = {Roberts, H H and Feng, D and Joye, S B},
  title = {Cold-seep carbonates of the middle and lower continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {2040--2054},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.003}
}
Roberts HH, Shedd W and Hunt J (2010), "Dive site geology: DSV ALVIN (2006) and ROV JASON II (2007) dives to the middle-lower continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 1837-1858.
Abstract: Use of DSV ALVIN (2006) and ROV JASON II (2007) provided access to never observed or sampled sites of fluid-gas expulsion from the little-studied middle and lower continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico (below water depths of 1000 m). Dives were focused on 15 locations selected by 3-D seismic surface attributes and shallow subsurface geologic analyses. The linkage between highly positive seafloor reflectivity and hard bottoms proved to be an efficient indicator of potential sites of interest. Through observation and sampling of reflective sites, starting in the mid-1980s, it has become apparent that most hard bottoms on the northern Gulf's continental slope are created by the precipitation of authigenic carbonates at hydrocarbon seep sites. Access to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement's extraordinary archive of slope-wide 3-D seismic data made efficient site selection possible. From thousands of sites that display the characteristics of fluid-gas expulsion, 15 were observed and sampled during the 2006 and 2007 cruises. Water depths in which these 15 sites were located ranged from ∼2750 to ∼970 m. All sites exhibited evidence of hydrocarbon seepage or more rapid venting. Chemosynthetic organisms, authigenic carbonates, barite, gas hydrates, highly anoxic surface sediments, brine pools, and hydrocarbon-laced brine flows were identified and sampled. High-resolution acoustic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) data, including multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar swaths, and chirp sonar subbottom profiles, were collected at four locations (AC601, WR269, GC852, and AT340). Data sets from the 2006 and 2007 dives resulted in a greatly improved understanding of both cross-slope and along-slope variability in the characteristics of fluid-gas expulsion sites and associated habitats. Our studies confirmed the importance of fluid-gas expulsion processes for sustaining chemosynthetic communities and impacting seabed geology on the middle and lower continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico.
BibTeX:
@article{Roberts2010a,
  author = {Roberts, H H and Shedd, W and Hunt, J},
  title = {Dive site geology: DSV ALVIN (2006) and ROV JASON II (2007) dives to the middle-lower continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {1837--1858},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.001}
}
Roman C and Mather R (2010), "Autonomous underwater vehicles as tools for deep-submergence archaeology", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. Vol. 224(4), pp. 327-340.
Abstract: Marine archaeology beyond the capabilities of scuba divers is a technologically enabled field. The tool suite includes ship-based systems such as towed side-scan sonars and remotely operated vehicles, and more recently free-swimming autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Each of these platforms has various imaging and mapping capabilities appropriate for specific scales and tasks. Broadly speaking, AUVs are becoming effective tools for locating, identifying, and surveying archaeological sites. This paper discusses the role of AUVs in this suite of tools, outlines some specific design criteria necessary to maximize their utility in the field, and presents directions for future developments. Results are presented for a recent joint AUV—towed system survey and a demonstration of current mine-hunting technologies applied to archaeology.
BibTeX:
@article{Roman2010,
  author = {Roman, C and Mather, R},
  title = {Autonomous underwater vehicles as tools for deep-submergence archaeology},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {224},
  number = {4},
  pages = {327--340},
  url = {http://pim.sagepub.com/content/224/4/327.abstract}
}
Thaler AD, Zelnio K, Jones R, Carlsson J, Van Dover CL and Schultz TF (2010), "Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Ifremeria nautilei, a chemoautotrophic gastropod from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Conservation Genetics Resources., dec, 2010. Vol. 2(1), pp. 101-103.
Abstract: Ifremeria nautilei is deep-sea provannid gastropod endemic to hydrothermal vents at southwest Pacific back-arc spreading centers. Twelve, selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species. Three loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.719 to 0.906 (mean H-O = 0.547, SD = 0.206). Three of the 12 loci cross-amplified in two species of Alviniconcha (Provannidae) that co-occur with I. nautilei at Pacific vent habitats. Microsatellites developed for I. nautilei are being deployed to study connectivity among populations of this species colonizing geographically discrete back-arc basin vent systems.
BibTeX:
@article{Thaler2010,
  author = {Thaler, A D and Zelnio, K and Jones, R and Carlsson, J and Van Dover, C L and Schultz, T F},
  title = {Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Ifremeria nautilei, a chemoautotrophic gastropod from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--103},
  doi = {10.1007/s12686-010-9174-9}
}
Thresher RE, Wilson NC, MacRae CM and Neil H (2010), "Temperature effects on the calcite skeletal composition of deep-water gorgonians (isididae)", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(16), pp. 4655-4670.
Abstract: We test for and calibrate a proxy for ocean temperature based on the skeletal composition of the widely distributed, deep-sea gorgonians in the family Isididae (bamboo corals), through use of three complementary methods: a short-term comparison of element/Ca ratios to a four-year temperature record, a long-term comparison with oceanographic records spanning forty years, and a geographic comparison of Isidids collected at sites ranging from the tropics to Antarctica. The assays consistently support a temperature-dependency for Mg/Ca ratios and suggest S/Ca is indirectly affected by temperature, but indicate little or no effect of temperature on P/Ca and Sr/Ca. The consensus relationship between Mg/Ca and temperature for Isidid calcite from the comparisons with the temperature time-series is T = −0.505 + 0.048 Mg/Ca, where T is in °C, Mg/Ca is in mmol/mol, and the applicable range is 3–6 °C. The results of the geographic assay, though imprecise, suggest the applicable range extends to temperatures below freezing. The scatter of data points around the regression of temperature and Mg/Ca is wide in all assays. This could reflect the effect of factors other than temperature on Mg/Ca ratios, but is also likely to reflect limitations of the field data, the effects of assumed constant growth rates in the corals and instrumental analytical error. The combined effects of micro-scale variability in growth rates and wide confidence intervals for each data point suggests that environmental reconstruction from Isidid internode calcite from sparse data or at time scales less than decades be done with caution. Comparisons within and among colonies do not indicate strong vital effects on ontogenetic variability in the corals, other than possibly close to the central pore of the coral. However, similar Mg/Ca ratios for Isidids from Antarctic and more temperate regions suggest adaptation to local conditions and hence a role for physiology at higher taxonomic levels, at least. Taxonomically higher level vital effects are also suggested by large differences between gorgonian families in their regressions between Mg/Ca and temperature, by Mg/Ca ratios that overlap over a wide temperature and habitat range, and for a non-linear relationship between temperature and the slope of the Mg/Ca-temperature relationship across the order.
BibTeX:
@article{Thresher2010,
  author = {Thresher, R E and Wilson, N C and MacRae, C M and Neil, H},
  title = {Temperature effects on the calcite skeletal composition of deep-water gorgonians (isididae)},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {16},
  pages = {4655--4670},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.024},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.024}
}
Tunnicliffe V, Koop BF, Tyler J and So S (2010), "Flatfish at seamount hydrothermal vents show strong genetic divergence between volcanic arcs", Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective., sep, 2010. Vol. 31, pp. 158-167.
Abstract: Hydrothermal vents near the summits of seamounts in Western Pacific volcanic arcs foster dense populations of flatfishes, a group otherwise unknown at vents. We examined genetic divergence among populations of a symphurine tonguefish described as Symphurus thermophilus Munroe & Hashimoto from sites up to 6000 km apart in the Western Pacific to explore connectivity patterns among seamounts. Average genetic divergence between individuals from the Mariana Arc and the Tonga-Kermadec Arcs was 14.2% (COI) and 9.0% (16S), whereas within-arc divergences were textless0.3%. We found that the Tonga-Kermadec individuals represent a cryptic species, Symphurus sp. A, displaying similar phenotypic features and behaviour to the Mariana Arc S. thermophilus. We also sequenced another distinctive symphurine species; Symphurus sp. B. Collections and image records from three expeditions to the Tonga and Kermadec arcs revealed characteristics of the distribution, dispersion, behaviour and morphology of these flatfish species. These two new Symphurus species inhabit vents where native sulphur occurs in excess and depths are textless600 m. Substratum range of Symphurus sp. A was wide, including mussel beds, rock surfaces and sediments in densities that may exceed 100 m−2. Reproductive females were present. The complex and diverse nature of volcanic settings of hydrothermalism introduces a wide variety of habitat conditions that likely augments diversity of faunas on seamounts in distinct biogeographic provinces.
BibTeX:
@article{Tunnicliffe2010,
  author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Koop, B F and Tyler, J and So, Stacy},
  title = {Flatfish at seamount hydrothermal vents show strong genetic divergence between volcanic arcs},
  journal = {Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {158--167},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00370.x}
}
Valentine DL, Reddy CM, Farwell C, Hill TM, Pizarro O, Yoerger DR, Camilli R, Nelson RK, Peacock EE, Bagby SC, Clarke BA, Roman CN and Soloway M (2010), "Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters", Nature Geoscience. Vol. 3(5), pp. 345-348.
Abstract: Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2–2 Tg of oil to the ocean1. Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes2, 3. Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane4, 5. Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations6, anoxia and tar deposition7 during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past7. Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07–0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35–1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.
BibTeX:
@article{Valentine2010,
  author = {Valentine, D L and Reddy, C M and Farwell, C and Hill, T M and Pizarro, O and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and Nelson, R K and Peacock, E E and Bagby, S C and Clarke, B A and Roman, C N and Soloway, M},
  title = {Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {345--348},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo848},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo848}
}
van de Flierdt T, Robinson LF and Adkins JF (2010), "Deep-sea coral aragonite as a recorder for the neodymium isotopic composition of seawater", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 74(21), pp. 6014-6032.
Abstract: Deep-sea corals have been shown to be useful archives of rapid changes in ocean chemistry during the last glacial cycle. Their aragonitic skeleton can be absolutely dated by U–Th data, freeing radiocarbon to be used as a water-mass proxy. For certain species of deep-sea corals, the growth rate allows time resolution that is comparable to ice cores. An additional proxy is needed to exploit this opportunity and turn radiocarbon data into rates of ocean overturning in the past. Neodymium isotopes in seawater can serve as a quasi-conservative water-mass tracer and initial results indicate that deep-sea corals may be reliable archives of seawater Nd isotopes. Here we present a systematic study exploring Nd isotopes as a water-mass proxy in deep-sea coral aragonite. We investigated five different genera of modern deep-sea corals (Caryophyllia, Desmophyllum, Enallopsamia, Flabellum, Lophelia), from global locations covering a large potential range of Nd isotopic compositions. Comparison with ambient seawater measurements yields excellent agreement and suggests that deep-sea corals are reliable archives for seawater Nd isotopes. A parallel study of Nd concentrations in these corals yields distribution coefficients for Nd between seawater and coral aragonite of 1–10, omitting one particular genus (Enallopsamia). The corals and seawater did however not come from exactly the same location, and further investigations are needed to reach robust conclusions on the incorporation of Nd into deep-sea coral aragonite. Lastly, we studied the viability of extracting the Nd isotope signal from fossil deep-sea corals by carrying out stepwise cleaning experiments. Our results show that physical removal of the ferromanganese coating and chemical pre-cleaning have the highest impact on Nd concentrations, but that oxidative/reductive cleaning is also needed to acquire a seawater Nd isotope signal.
BibTeX:
@article{VandeFlierdt2010,
  author = {van de Flierdt, T and Robinson, L F and Adkins, J F},
  title = {Deep-sea coral aragonite as a recorder for the neodymium isotopic composition of seawater},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  number = {21},
  pages = {6014--6032},
  url = {http://dx/doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.001}
}
Walter M, Mertens C, Stober U, German CR, Yoerger DR, Sultemfub J, Rhein M, Melchert B and Baker ET (2010), "Rapid dispersal of a hydrothermal plume by turbulent mixing", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 57(8), pp. 931-945.
Abstract: The water column imprint of the hydrothermal plume observed at the Nibelungen field (8°18′S 13°30′W) is highly variable in space and time. The off-axis location of the site, along the southern boundary of a non-transform ridge offset at the joint between two segments of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is characterized by complex, rugged topography, and thus favorable for the generation of internal tides, subsequent internal wave breaking, and associated vertical mixing in the water column. We have used towed transects and vertical profiles of stratification, turbidity, and direct current measurements to investigate the strength of turbulent mixing in the vicinity of the vent site and the adjacent rift valley, and its temporal and spatial variability in relation to the plume dispersal. Turbulent diffusivities KρKρ were calculated from temperature inversions via Thorpe scales. Heightened mixing (compared to open ocean values) was observed in the whole rift valley within an order of KρKρ around 10−3 m2 s−1. The mixing close to the vent site was even more elevated, with an average of View the MathML sourceKρ=4×10−2m2s−1. The mixing, as well as the flow field, exhibited a strong tidal cycle, with strong currents and mixing at the non-buoyant plume level during ebb flow. Periods of strong mixing were associated with increased internal wave activity and frequent occurrence of turbulent overturns. Additional effects of mixing on plume dispersal include bifurcation of the particle plume, likely as a result of the interplay between the modulated mixing strength and current speed, as well as high frequency internal waves in the effluent plume layer, possibly triggered by the buoyant plume via nonlinear interaction with the elevated background turbulence or penetrative convection.
BibTeX:
@article{Walter2010,
  author = {Walter, M and Mertens, C and Stober, U and German, C R and Yoerger, D R and Sultemfub, J and Rhein, M and Melchert, B and Baker, E T},
  title = {Rapid dispersal of a hydrothermal plume by turbulent mixing},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {8},
  pages = {931--945},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010}
}
Wankel SD, Joye SB, Samarkin VA, Shah SR, Friederich G, Melas-Kyriazi J and Girguis PR (2010), "New constraints on methane fluxes and rates of anaerobic methane oxidation in a Gulf of Mexico brine pool via in situ mass spectrometry", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 57(21-23), pp. 2022-2029.
Abstract: Deep-sea biogeochemical cycles are, in general, poorly understood owing to the difficulties of making measurements in situ, recovering samples with minimal perturbation, and, in many cases, coping with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In particular, biogeochemical fluxes of volatiles such as methane remain largely unconstrained because of the difficulties with accurate quantification in situ and the patchiness of point sources such as seeps and brine pools. To better constrain biogeochemical fluxes and cycling, we have developed a deep-sea in situ mass spectrometer (ISMS) to enable high-resolution quantification of volatiles in situ. Here we report direct measurements of methane concentrations made in a Gulf of Mexico brine pool located at a depth of over 2300 m. Concentrations of up to 33 mM methane were observed within the brine pool, whereas concentrations in the water directly above were three orders of magnitude lower. These direct measurements enabled us to make the first accurate estimates of the diffusive flux from a brine pool, calculated to be 1.1±0.2 mol m−2 yr−1. Integrated rate measurements of aerobic methane oxidation in the water column overlying the brine pool were ∼320 μmol m−2 yr−1, accounting at most for just 0.03% of the diffusive methane flux from the brine pool. Calculated rates of anaerobic methane oxidation were 600–1200 μM yr−1, one to two orders of magnitude higher than previously published values of AOM in anoxic fluids. These findings suggest that brine pools are enormous point sources of methane in the deep sea, and may, in aggregate, have a pronounced impact on the global marine methane cycle.
BibTeX:
@article{Wankel2010,
  author = {Wankel, S D and Joye, S B and Samarkin, V A and Shah, S R and Friederich, G and Melas-Kyriazi, J and Girguis, P R},
  title = {New constraints on methane fluxes and rates of anaerobic methane oxidation in a Gulf of Mexico brine pool via in situ mass spectrometry},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {57},
  number = {21-23},
  pages = {2022--2029},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.009}
}
Waters CL (2010), "Temporal and petrogenetic constraints on volcanic accretionary processes at 9-10 degrees north East Pacific Rise" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 258. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: Volcanic accretion at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) occurs over a ˜2-4 km wide neo-volcanic zone on either side of the axial summit trough (AST). Eruption ages are critical for understanding the distribution and timing of volcanic and magmatic activity. Uranium series nuclides are susceptible to fractionation by magmatic processes that occur beneath mid-ocean ridges, and the half-lives of 226Ra (1.6 kyrs) and 230Th (75 kyrs) make them ideally suited for determining eruption ages and placing constraints on eruption frequency and temporal changes in magma chemistry. Accordingly, major and trace element, and long-lived radiogenic and 238U-230Th-226Ra isotope compositions were measured in basalts from 9º-10ºN EPR to determine eruption ages and to place temporal constraints on volcanic and magmatic processes. At 9º30'N EPR, 238U-230Th-226Ra compositions indicate that trace elementally and isotopically enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) collected off-axis erupted textgreater8 ka and that E-MORB magmatism is interspersed with normal, depleted MORB magmatism. Lava ages are consistent with eruption from the AST and flow down the ridge flanks, which is in contrast to previous studies that suggested E-MORB erupted from off-axis vents. At 9º50'N EPR, discrete eruptive units are distinguished by high precision 238U, 232Th, and 226Ra sample concentrations, but because the resolution of the 230Th-226Ra model age dating technique is ˜±1 kyrs, the surprisingly young ages of these lavas prohibit the construction of an explicit, time-constrained lava stratigraphy. Nonetheless, seven different flows identified within 0.8-2.0 km west of the AST imply greater frequency of flows to these distances than previously recognized. Model age dating of ferrobasalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and dacites sampled from the east limb of the overlapping spreading center at 9º03'N EPR is difficult due to uncertainties in magma residence times. However, (226Ra/230Th) disequilibria indicate recent basaltic volcanism (textlesstextless8 ka) up to ˜4 km off-axis. The axial graben at the rise crest sources the most recent volcanic activity and is the dominant location for eruption of high-silica magmas. Major element, trace element, 87Sr/86Sr, and (234U/238U) isotope compositions are consistent with the formation of dacite magmas by extensive crystallization, and 238U-230Th-226Ra systematics imply crustal residence times of ˜8 kyrs.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Waters2010,
  author = {Waters, C L},
  title = {Temporal and petrogenetic constraints on volcanic accretionary processes at 9-10 degrees north East Pacific Rise},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {258},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3750},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3750}
}
Yeats C, Belton D, Laird JS and Ryan CG (2010), "Mapping elemental distributions in submarine hydrothermal sulfide smokers using proton induced X-ray emission", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. Vol. 268(11-12), pp. 2129-2132.
Abstract: PIXE analysis using a 3 MeV proton beam on the CSIRO Nuclear Microprobe was carried out on samples of four typical undersea sulfide chimneys from the Rogers Ruins and Fenway hydrothermal sites, PACMANUS field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. The ability of PIXE to map the spatial association of trace elements within the sulfides across multiple mineralogical zones provides important insights into the mode of formation of structures and the nature of interaction between ∼250 and 350 °C hydrothermal fluids and 3–4 °C ambient seawater within the chimney walls.
BibTeX:
@article{Yeats2010,
  author = {Yeats, C and Belton, D and Laird, J S and Ryan, C G},
  title = {Mapping elemental distributions in submarine hydrothermal sulfide smokers using proton induced X-ray emission},
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {268},
  number = {11-12},
  pages = {2129--2132},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.034},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.034}
}
(2010), "ROV records deepest explosive eruption on the seafloor", Sea Technology. Vol. 51(2), pp. 83.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {ROV records deepest explosive eruption on the seafloor},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83}
}
Abrams LJ (2009), "The N456 Navigator system", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, MA Vol. 2009-01, pp. 52. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Abrams2009,
  author = {Abrams, L J},
  title = {The N456 Navigator system},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {2009-01},
  pages = {52},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2717},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2717}
}
Bahr A (2009), "Cooperative localization for autonomous underwater vehicles" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 140. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Bahr2009,
  author = {Bahr, A},
  title = {Cooperative localization for autonomous underwater vehicles},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {140},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2852},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2852}
}
Basak C, Rathburn AE, Perez ME, Martin JB, Kluesner JW, Levin LA, De Deckker P, Gieskes JM and Abriani M (2009), "Carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry of live (stained) benthic foraminifera from the Aleutian Margin and the Southern Australian Margin", Marine Micropaleontology. Vol. 70(3-4), pp. 89-101.
BibTeX:
@article{Basak2009,
  author = {Basak, C and Rathburn, A E and Perez, M E and Martin, J B and Kluesner, J W and Levin, L A and De Deckker, P and Gieskes, J M and Abriani, M},
  title = {Carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry of live (stained) benthic foraminifera from the Aleutian Margin and the Southern Australian Margin},
  journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {70},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {89--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.11.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.11.002}
}
Beaulieu SE, Mullineaux LS, Adams DK and Mills SW (2009), "Comparison of a sediment trap and plankton pump for time-series sampling of larvae near deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. Vol. 7, pp. 235-248.
BibTeX:
@article{Beaulieu2009,
  author = {Beaulieu, S E and Mullineaux, L S and Adams, D K and Mills, S W},
  title = {Comparison of a sediment trap and plankton pump for time-series sampling of larvae near deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {235--248},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/free/2009/0235.pdf},
  doi = {10.4319/lom.2009.7.235}
}
Becker EL, Cordes EE, Macko SA and Fisher CR (2009), "Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 56(5), pp. 786-800.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2009,
  author = {Becker, E L and Cordes, E E and Macko, S A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {5},
  pages = {786--800},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.006},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.006}
}
Blackman DK, Canales JP and Harding A (2009), "Geophysical signatures of oceanic core complexes", Geophysical Journal International. OXFORD; GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND, aug, 2009. Vol. 178(2), pp. 593-613. OXFORD UNIV PRESS.
Abstract: PtextgreaterOceanic core complexes (OCCs) provide access to intrusive and ultramafic sections of young lithosphere and their structure and evolution contain clues about how the balance between magmatism and faulting controls the style of rifting that may dominate in a portion of a spreading centre for Myr timescales. Initial models of the development of OCCs depended strongly on insights available from continental core complexes and from seafloor mapping. While these frameworks have been useful in guiding a broader scope of studies and determining the extent of OCC formation along slow spreading ridges, as we summarize herein, results from the past decade highlight the need to reassess the hypothesis that reduced magma supply is a driver of long-lived detachment faulting. The aim of this paper is to review the available geophysical constraints on OCC structure and to look at what aspects of current models are constrained or required by the data. We consider sonar data (morphology and backscatter), gravity, magnetics, borehole geophysics and seismic reflection. Additional emphasis is placed on seismic velocity results (refraction) since this is where deviations from normal crustal accretion should be most readily quantified. However, as with gravity and magnetic studies at OCCs, ambiguities are inherent in seismic interpretation, including within some processing/analysis steps. We briefly discuss some of these issues for each data type. Progress in understanding the shallow structure of OCCs (within similar to 1 km of the seafloor) is considerable. Firm constraints on deeper structure, particularly characterization of the transition from dominantly mafic rock (and/or altered ultramafic rock) to dominantly fresh mantle peridotite, are not currently in hand. There is limited information on the structure and composition of the conjugate lithosphere accreted to the opposite plate while an OCC forms, commonly on the inside corner of a ridge-offset intersection. These gaps preclude full testing of current models. However, with the data in hand there are systematic patterns in OCC structure, such as the 1-2 Myr duration of this rifting style within a given ridge segment, the height of the domal cores with respect to surrounding seafloor, the correspondence of gravity highs with OCCs, and the persistence of corrugations that mark relative (palaeo) slip along the exposed detachment capping the domal cores. This compilation of geophysical results at OCCs should be useful to investigators new to the topic but we also target advanced researchers in our presentation and synthesis of findings to date.
BibTeX:
@article{Blackman2009,
  author = {Blackman, D K and Canales, J P and Harding, A},
  title = {Geophysical signatures of oceanic core complexes},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {178},
  number = {2},
  pages = {593--613},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04184.x}
}
Boswell R, Shelander D, Lee M, Latham T, Collett T, Geurin G, Moridis G, Reagan M and Goldberg D (2009), "Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block 818: northern Gulf of Mexico", Marine and Petroleum Geology. Vol. 26(8), pp. 1499-1512.
BibTeX:
@article{Boswell2009,
  author = {Boswell, R and Shelander, D and Lee, M and Latham, T and Collett, T and Geurin, G and Moridis, G and Reagan, M and Goldberg, D},
  title = {Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block 818: northern Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {26},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1499--1512},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.005}
}
Bradley AS (2009), "Extraordinary C-13 enrichment of diether lipids at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field indicates a carbon-limited ecosystem", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 73(1), pp. 102-118.
BibTeX:
@article{Bradley2009,
  author = {Bradley, A S},
  title = {Extraordinary C-13 enrichment of diether lipids at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field indicates a carbon-limited ecosystem},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1},
  pages = {102--118},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.005}
}
Bradley AS, Fredricks H, Hinrichs KU and Summons RE (2009), "Structural diversity of diether lipids in carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field", Organic Geochemistry. Vol. 40(12), pp. 1169-1178.
BibTeX:
@article{Bradley2009a,
  author = {Bradley, A S and Fredricks, H and Hinrichs, K -U and Summons, R E},
  title = {Structural diversity of diether lipids in carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {40},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1169--1178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.004}
}
Breier JA, Rauch CG, McCartney K, Toner BM, Fakra SC, White SN and German CR (2009), "A suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler for discrete biogeochemical sampling in low-particle-density waters", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(9), pp. 1579-1589.
BibTeX:
@article{Breier2009,
  author = {Breier, J A and Rauch, C G and McCartney, K and Toner, B M and Fakra, S C and White, S N and German, C R},
  title = {A suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler for discrete biogeochemical sampling in low-particle-density waters},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1579--1589},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.04.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2009.04.005}
}
Brooke SD and Young CM (2009), "Where do the embryos of Riftia pachyptila develop? Pressure tolerances, temperature tolerances, and buoyancy during prolonged embryonic dispersal", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1599-1606.
BibTeX:
@article{Brooke2009,
  author = {Brooke, S D and Young, C M},
  title = {Where do the embryos of Riftia pachyptila develop? Pressure tolerances, temperature tolerances, and buoyancy during prolonged embryonic dispersal},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1599--1606},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003}
}
Buckman KL (2009), "Biotic and abiotic interactions of deep-sea hydrothermal vent-endemic fish on the East Pacific Rise" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 147. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Buckman2009,
  author = {Buckman, K L},
  title = {Biotic and abiotic interactions of deep-sea hydrothermal vent-endemic fish on the East Pacific Rise},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {147},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3079},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3079}
}
Clague DA, Paduan JB and Davis AS (2009), "Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 180(2-4), pp. 171-188.
BibTeX:
@article{Clague2009,
  author = {Clague, D A and Paduan, J B and Davis, A S},
  title = {Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {180},
  number = {2-4},
  pages = {171--188},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.007}
}
Cordes EE, Bergquist DC and Fisher CR (2009), "Macro-Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Cold Seeps", Annual Review of Marine Science. Vol. 1, pp. 143-168.
BibTeX:
@article{Cordes2009,
  author = {Cordes, E E and Bergquist, D C and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Macro-Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Cold Seeps},
  journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {143--168},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163912}
}
Crespo-Medina M, Chatziefthimiou AD, Bloom NS, Luther GW, Wright DD, Reinfelder JR, Vetriani C and Barkay T (2009), "Adaptation of chemosynthetic microorganisms to elevated mercury concentrations in deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 54(1), pp. 41-49.
BibTeX:
@article{Crespo-Medina2009,
  author = {Crespo-Medina, M and Chatziefthimiou, A D and Bloom, N S and Luther, G W and Wright, D D and Reinfelder, J R and Vetriani, C and Barkay, T},
  title = {Adaptation of chemosynthetic microorganisms to elevated mercury concentrations in deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--49},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/pdf/vol54/issue1/0041.pdf},
  doi = {10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0041}
}
Glazer BT and Rouxel OJ (2009), "Redox speciation and distribution within diverse iron-dominated microbial habitats at Loihi Seamount", Geomicrobiology Journal. Vol. 26(8), pp. 606-622.
BibTeX:
@article{Glazer2009,
  author = {Glazer, B T and Rouxel, O J},
  title = {Redox speciation and distribution within diverse iron-dominated microbial habitats at Loihi Seamount},
  journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {26},
  number = {8},
  pages = {606--622},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450903263392},
  doi = {10.1080/01490450903263392}
}
Haase KM, Koschinsky A, Petersen S, Devey CW, German CR, Lackschewitz KS, Melchert B, Seifert R, Borowski C, Giere O and Paulick H (2009), "Diking, young volcanism and diffuse hydrothermal activity on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Lilliput field at 9 degrees 33′S", Marine Geology. Vol. 266(1-4), pp. 52-64.
BibTeX:
@article{Haase2009,
  author = {Haase, K M and Koschinsky, A and Petersen, S and Devey, C W and German, C R and Lackschewitz, K S and Melchert, B and Seifert, R and Borowski, C and Giere, O and Paulick, H},
  title = {Diking, young volcanism and diffuse hydrothermal activity on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Lilliput field at 9 degrees 33′S},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {266},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {52--64},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.07.012},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.07.012}
}
Helmreich S (2009), "Submarine sounds", Wire. (302), pp. 30-31.
BibTeX:
@article{Helmreich2009,
  author = {Helmreich, S},
  title = {Submarine sounds},
  journal = {Wire},
  year = {2009},
  number = {302},
  pages = {30--31}
}
Jensen HF (2009), "Variable buoyancy system metric" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M. S., pp. 112. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Jensen2009,
  author = {Jensen, H F},
  title = {Variable buoyancy system metric},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {M. S.},
  pages = {112},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3033},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3033}
}
Katsioloudis PJ (2009), "Discovery of the depths: the world's oceans have been almost impenetrable to human exploration because of obstacles associated with underwater exploration--until the very recent development of remote underwater vehicles", Technology Teacher. Vol. 68(8), pp. 12-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Katsioloudis2009,
  author = {Katsioloudis, P J},
  title = {Discovery of the depths: the world's oceans have been almost impenetrable to human exploration because of obstacles associated with underwater exploration--until the very recent development of remote underwater vehicles},
  journal = {Technology Teacher},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {68},
  number = {8},
  pages = {12--16}
}
Killeen T and Morris JD (2009), "NSF looks ahead with basic ocean research", Sea Technology. Vol. 50(1), pp. 27-28.
BibTeX:
@article{Killeen2009,
  author = {Killeen, T and Morris, J D},
  title = {NSF looks ahead with basic ocean research},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--28}
}
Kohnen W (2009), "Human exploration of the deep seas: fifty years and the inspiration continues", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 43(5), pp. 42-62.
BibTeX:
@article{Kohnen2009,
  author = {Kohnen, W},
  title = {Human exploration of the deep seas: fifty years and the inspiration continues},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {43},
  number = {5},
  pages = {42--62},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.43.5.30},
  doi = {10.4031/MTSJ.43.5.30}
}
LaPointe CEG (2009), "A parallel hypothesis method of autonomous underwater vehicle navigation" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 284. Massachusetts Institutte of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{LaPointe2009,
  author = {LaPointe, C E G},
  title = {A parallel hypothesis method of autonomous underwater vehicle navigation},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institutte of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {284},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2853},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2853}
}
Leary D, Vierros M, Hamon G, Arico S and Monagle C (2009), "Marine genetic resources:A review of scientific and commercial interest", Marine Policy. Vol. 33(2), pp. 183-194.
BibTeX:
@article{Leary2009,
  author = {Leary, D and Vierros, M and Hamon, G and Arico, S and Monagle, C},
  title = {Marine genetic resources:A review of scientific and commercial interest},
  journal = {Marine Policy},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--194},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.010}
}
Mills SW, Beaulieu SE and Mullineaux LS (2009), "Photographic identification guide to larvae at hydrothermal vents", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, MA Vol. 2009-05, pp. 104. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mills2009,
  author = {Mills, S W and Beaulieu, S E and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Photographic identification guide to larvae at hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {2009-05},
  pages = {104},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2996},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2996}
}
Moore TS, Shank TM, Nuzzio DB and Luther GW (2009), "Time-series chemical and temperature habitat characterization of diffuse flow hydrothermal sites at 9 degrees 50′N East Pacific Rise", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1616-1621.
BibTeX:
@article{Moore2009,
  author = {Moore, T S and Shank, T M and Nuzzio, D B and Luther, G W},
  title = {Time-series chemical and temperature habitat characterization of diffuse flow hydrothermal sites at 9 degrees 50′N East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1616--1621},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.008}
}
Mullineaux LS, Micheli F, Peterson CH, Lenihan HS and Markus N (2009), "Imprint of past environmental regimes on structure and succession of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community", Oecologia. Vol. 161(2), pp. 387-400.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux2009,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Micheli, F and Peterson, C H and Lenihan, H S and Markus, N},
  title = {Imprint of past environmental regimes on structure and succession of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community},
  journal = {Oecologia},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {161},
  number = {2},
  pages = {387--400},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1390-1},
  doi = {10.1007/s00442-009-1390-1}
}
Nees HA, Lutz RA, Shank TM and Luther GW (2009), "Pre- and post-eruption diffuse flow variability among tubeworm habitats at 9 degrees 50′ north on the East Pacific Rise", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1607-1615.
BibTeX:
@article{Nees2009,
  author = {Nees, H A and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Luther, G W},
  title = {Pre- and post-eruption diffuse flow variability among tubeworm habitats at 9 degrees 50′ north on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1607--1615},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.007}
}
Nevala AE and Lippsett L (2009), "Jason encounters the carnivorous sea squirt", Oceanus. Vol. 47(2), pp. 7.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2009,
  author = {Nevala, A E and Lippsett, L},
  title = {Jason encounters the carnivorous sea squirt},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {47},
  number = {2},
  pages = {7},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=56367&sectionid=1021}
}
Nevala AE and Lippsett L (2009), "A new deep-sea robot call Sentry complete first mission", Oceanus. Vol. 47(2), pp. 10.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2009a,
  author = {Nevala, A E and Lippsett, L},
  title = {A new deep-sea robot call Sentry complete first mission},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {47},
  number = {2},
  pages = {10},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=55446&sectionid=1021}
}
Nooner SL and Chadwick WW (2009), "Volcanic inflation measured in the caldera of Axial Seamount: Implications for magma supply and future eruptions", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 10, pp. Q02002.
BibTeX:
@article{Nooner2009,
  author = {Nooner, S L and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Volcanic inflation measured in the caldera of Axial Seamount: Implications for magma supply and future eruptions},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {Q02002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002315},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002315}
}
Ondreas H, Cannat M, Fouquet Y, Normand A, Sarradin PM and Sarrazin J (2009), "Recent volcanic events and the distribution of hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 10, pp. Q02006.
BibTeX:
@article{Ondreas2009,
  author = {Ondreas, H and Cannat, M and Fouquet, Y and Normand, A and Sarradin, P -M and Sarrazin, J},
  title = {Recent volcanic events and the distribution of hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {Q02006},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002171},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002171}
}
Petersen S, Kuhn K, Kuhn T, Augustin N, Hekinian R, Franz L and Borowski C (2009), "The geological setting of the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (14 degrees 45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and its influence on massive sulfide formation", Lithos. Vol. 112(1-2), pp. 40-56.
BibTeX:
@article{Petersen2009,
  author = {Petersen, S and Kuhn, K and Kuhn, T and Augustin, N and Hekinian, R and Franz, L and Borowski, C},
  title = {The geological setting of the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (14 degrees 45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and its influence on massive sulfide formation},
  journal = {Lithos},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {40--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.008}
}
Plouviez S, Shank TM, Faure B, Daguin-Thiebaut C, Viard F, Lallier FH and Jollivet D (2009), "Comparative phylogeography among hydrothermal vent species along the East Pacific Rise reveals vicariant processes and population expansion in the South", Molecular Ecology. Vol. 18(18), pp. 3903-3917.
BibTeX:
@article{Plouviez2009,
  author = {Plouviez, S and Shank, T M and Faure, B and Daguin-Thiebaut, C and Viard, F and Lallier, F H and Jollivet, D},
  title = {Comparative phylogeography among hydrothermal vent species along the East Pacific Rise reveals vicariant processes and population expansion in the South},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {18},
  number = {18},
  pages = {3903--3917},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04325.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04325.x}
}
Podowski EL, Moore TS, Zelnio KA, Luther GW and Fisher CR (2009), "Distribution of diffuse flow megafauna in two sites on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 56(11), pp. 2041-2056.
BibTeX:
@article{Podowski2009,
  author = {Podowski, E L and Moore, T S and Zelnio, K A and Luther, G W and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Distribution of diffuse flow megafauna in two sites on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2041--2056},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.07.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2009.07.002}
}
Pradillon F, Zbinden M, Le Bris N, Hourdez S, Barnay AS and Gaill F (2009), "Development of assemblages associated with alvinellid colonies on the walls of high-temperature vents at the East Pacific Rise", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1622-1631.
BibTeX:
@article{Pradillon2009,
  author = {Pradillon, F and Zbinden, M and Le Bris, N and Hourdez, S and Barnay, A S and Gaill, F},
  title = {Development of assemblages associated with alvinellid colonies on the walls of high-temperature vents at the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1622--1631},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.009}
}
Rathburn AE, Levin LA, Tryon MD, Gieskes JM, Martin JB, Perez ME, Fodrie FJ, Neira C, Fryer GL, Mendoza GF, McMillan PA, Kluesner J, Adamic J and Ziebis W (2009), "Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian Margin (1965–4822 m)", Progress In Oceanography. Vol. 80(1-2), pp. 22-50.
BibTeX:
@article{Rathburn2009,
  author = {Rathburn, A E and Levin, L A and Tryon, M D and Gieskes, J M and Martin, J B and Perez, M E and Fodrie, F J and Neira, C and Fryer, G L and Mendoza, G F and McMillan, P A and Kluesner, J and Adamic, J and Ziebis, W},
  title = {Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian Margin (1965–4822 m)},
  journal = {Progress In Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {22--50},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2008.12.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2008.12.002}
}
Reed AJ, Dorn R, Van Dover CL, Lutz RA and Vetriani C (2009), "Phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography., sep, 2009. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1665-1674.
Abstract: Microbial communities of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea environments were investigated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes encoding for the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) and particulate methane monoxygenase (pmoA), respectively. Clone libraries of PCR amplified genes were constructed using DNA extracted from deep-sea vent chimneys (Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal vent fields, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Atlantic Ocean; 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise, Pacific Ocean) and from vertically subsampled sediment cores from cold-seep areas (Blake Ridge, western Atlantic Ocean; Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico). Recombinant clones were screened by RFLP and representative dsrAB, mcrA and pmoA genes were sequenced. The dsrAB sequences grouped primarily within the orders Desulfobacterales, Syntrophobacterales and the Gram-positive order Clostridales. Cold-seep mcrA sequences were distributed among the ANME-2c, -2d and -2e groups, which were previously shown to be associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane. This study also reports the first mcrA sequences from a high-temperature, black smoker chimney (Logatchev) to group within the ANME-2e subgroup. The majority of the remaining hydrothermal vent mcrA sequences were primarily related to thermophilic members of the anaerobic, methanogenic order Methanococcales. A shift in the dominant ANME-2 group with depth in the sediment for both Florida Escarpment and Blake Ridge mcrA libraries was detected. ANME-2d related clones were detected in the top zones of both cores, with the frequency of ANME-2e related clones increasing with depth. All pmoA sequences retrieved from the cold-seep sites were found to be related to Type I methanotrophic members of the gamma-proteobacteria, and were primarily distributed among three major clusters of sequences. No Type II pmoA sequences related to methanotrophic members of the alpha-proteobacteria were detected, suggesting that the methanotrophic communities in these cold-seep areas are dominated by Type I gamma-proteobacteria. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BibTeX:
@article{Reed2009,
  author = {Reed, A J and Dorn, Ruth and Van Dover, C L and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1665--1674},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.012}
}
Rona PA, Seilacher A, de Vargas C, Gooday AJ, Bernhard JM, Bowser S, Vetriani C, Wirsen CO, Mullineaux L, Sherrell R, Grassle JF, Low S and Lutz RA (2009), "Paleodictyon nodosum: a living fossil on the deep sea floor", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1700-1712.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona2009,
  author = {Rona, P A and Seilacher, A and de Vargas, C and Gooday, A J and Bernhard, J M and Bowser, S and Vetriani, C and Wirsen, C O and Mullineaux, L and Sherrell, R and Grassle, J F and Low, S and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Paleodictyon nodosum: a living fossil on the deep sea floor},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1700--1712},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015}
}
Sarrazin J, Rodier P, Tivey MK, Singh H, Schultz A and Sarradin PM (2009), "A dual sensor device to estimate fluid flow velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vents", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 56(11), pp. 2065-2074.
BibTeX:
@article{Sarrazin2009,
  author = {Sarrazin, J and Rodier, P and Tivey, M K and Singh, H and Schultz, A and Sarradin, P -M},
  title = {A dual sensor device to estimate fluid flow velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2065--2074},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.008}
}
Schmitt AD, Galer SJG and Abouchami W (2009), "Mass-dependent cadmium isotopic variations in nature with emphasis on the marine environment", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 277(1-2), pp. 262-272.
BibTeX:
@article{Schmitt2009,
  author = {Schmitt, A -D and Galer, S J G and Abouchami, W},
  title = {Mass-dependent cadmium isotopic variations in nature with emphasis on the marine environment},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {277},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {262--272},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.025},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.025}
}
Sherman LS, Blum JD, Nordstrom DK, McCleskey RB, Barkay T and Vetriani C (2009), "Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 279(1-2), pp. 86-96.
BibTeX:
@article{Sherman2009,
  author = {Sherman, L S and Blum, J D and Nordstrom, D K and McCleskey, R B and Barkay, T and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {279},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {86--96},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032}
}
Shin DS, DiDonato M, Barondeau DP, Hura GL, Hitomi C, Berglund JA, Getzoff ED, Cary SC and Tainer JA (2009), "Superoxide dismutase from the eukaryotic thermophile Alvinella pompejana: Structures, stability, mechanism, and insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", Journal of Molecular Biology. Vol. 385(5), pp. 1534-1555.
BibTeX:
@article{Shin2009,
  author = {Shin, D S and DiDonato, M and Barondeau, D P and Hura, G L and Hitomi, C and Berglund, J A and Getzoff, E D and Cary, S C and Tainer, J A},
  title = {Superoxide dismutase from the eukaryotic thermophile Alvinella pompejana: Structures, stability, mechanism, and insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis},
  journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {385},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1534--1555},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.031},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.031}
}
Solomon EA, Kastner M, Wheat CG, Jannasch HW, Robertson G, Davis EE and Morris JD (2009), "Long-term hydrogeochemical records in the oceanic basement and forearc prism at the Costa Rica subduction zone", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 282(1-4), pp. 240-251.
BibTeX:
@article{Solomon2009,
  author = {Solomon, E A and Kastner, M and Wheat, C G and Jannasch, H W and Robertson, G and Davis, E E and Morris, J D},
  title = {Long-term hydrogeochemical records in the oceanic basement and forearc prism at the Costa Rica subduction zone},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {282},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {240--251},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.022},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.022}
}
Soto LA (2009), "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of fauna associated to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent system of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1675-1682.
BibTeX:
@article{Soto2009,
  author = {Soto, L A},
  title = {Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of fauna associated to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent system of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1675--1682},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.013}
}
Stevenson P, Furlong M and Dormer D (2009), "AUV design: shape, drag and practical issues", Sea Technology. Vol. 50(1), pp. 41-44.
BibTeX:
@article{Stevenson2009,
  author = {Stevenson, P and Furlong, M and Dormer, D},
  title = {AUV design: shape, drag and practical issues},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--44}
}
Streep A (2009), "Another league under the sea: tomorrow's research subs open earth's final frontier", Popular Science. Vol. 274(2)
BibTeX:
@article{Streep2009,
  author = {Streep, A},
  title = {Another league under the sea: tomorrow's research subs open earth's final frontier},
  journal = {Popular Science},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {274},
  number = {2},
  url = {http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-07/new-generation-submersibles-open-ocean}
}
Toner BM, Santelli CM, Marcus MA, Wirth R, Chan CS, McCollom T, Bach W and Edwards KJ (2009), "Biogenic iron oxyhydroxide formation at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents: Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 73(2), pp. 388-403.
BibTeX:
@article{Toner2009,
  author = {Toner, B M and Santelli, C M and Marcus, M A and Wirth, R and Chan, C S and McCollom, T and Bach, W and Edwards, K J},
  title = {Biogenic iron oxyhydroxide formation at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents: Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {73},
  number = {2},
  pages = {388--403},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.035},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.035}
}
Tremblay A, Meshi A and Bédard JH (2009), "Oceanic core complexes and ancient oceanic lithosphere: Insights from Iapetan and Tethyan ophiolites (Canada and Albania)", Tectonophysics. Vol. 473(1-2), pp. 36-52.
BibTeX:
@article{Tremblay2009,
  author = {Tremblay, A and Meshi, A and Bédard, J H},
  title = {Oceanic core complexes and ancient oceanic lithosphere: Insights from Iapetan and Tethyan ophiolites (Canada and Albania)},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {473},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {36--52},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.003}
}
Tunnicliffe V, Davies KTA, Butterfield DA, Embley RW, Rose JM and Chadwick WW (2009), "Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano", Nature Geoscience. NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA, may, 2009. Vol. 2(5), pp. 344-348. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.
BibTeX:
@article{Tunnicliffe2009,
  author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Davies, K T A and Butterfield, D A and Embley, R W and Rose, J M and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {344--348},
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO500}
}
Tyler PA, Marsh L, Baco-Taylor A and Smith CR (2009), "Protandric hermaphroditism in the whale-fall bivalve mollusc Idas washingtonia", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 56(19-20), pp. 1689-1699.
BibTeX:
@article{Tyler2009,
  author = {Tyler, P A and Marsh, L and Baco-Taylor, A and Smith, C R},
  title = {Protandric hermaphroditism in the whale-fall bivalve mollusc Idas washingtonia},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {56},
  number = {19-20},
  pages = {1689--1699},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014}
}
van der Ham JL, Brugler MR and France SC (2009), "Exploring the utility of an indel-rich, mitochondrial intergenic region as a molecular barcode for bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae)", Marine Genomics. Vol. 2(3-4), pp. 183-192.
BibTeX:
@article{VanderHam2009,
  author = {van der Ham, J L and Brugler, M R and France, S C},
  title = {Exploring the utility of an indel-rich, mitochondrial intergenic region as a molecular barcode for bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae)},
  journal = {Marine Genomics},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {183--192},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2009.10.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.margen.2009.10.002}
}
Ver Eecke HC, Kelley DS and Holden JF (2009), "Abundances of hyperthermophilic autotrophic Fe(III) oxide reducers and heterotrophs in deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide chimneys of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 75(1), pp. 242-245.
BibTeX:
@article{VerEecke2009,
  author = {Ver Eecke, H C and Kelley, D S and Holden, J F},
  title = {Abundances of hyperthermophilic autotrophic Fe(III) oxide reducers and heterotrophs in deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide chimneys of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {75},
  number = {1},
  pages = {242--245},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01462-08},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.01462-08}
}
Webster JM, Braga JC, Clague DA, Gallup C, Hein JR, Potts DC, Renema W, Riding R, Riker-Coleman K, Silver EA and Wallace LM (2009), "Coral reef evolution on rapidly subsiding margins", Global and Planetary Change. Vol. 66(1-2), pp. 128-148.
BibTeX:
@article{Webster2009,
  author = {Webster, J M and Braga, J C and Clague, D A and Gallup, C and Hein, J R and Potts, D C and Renema, W and Riding, R and Riker-Coleman, K and Silver, E A and Wallace, L M},
  title = {Coral reef evolution on rapidly subsiding margins},
  journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {128--148},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.07.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.07.010}
}
White SM, Mason JL, Macdonald KC, Perfit MR, Wanless VD and Klein EM (2009), "Significance of widespread low effusion rate eruptions over the past two million years for delivery of magma to the overlapping spreading centers at 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 280(1-4), pp. 175-184.
BibTeX:
@article{White2009,
  author = {White, S M and Mason, J L and Macdonald, K C and Perfit, M R and Wanless, V D and Klein, E M},
  title = {Significance of widespread low effusion rate eruptions over the past two million years for delivery of magma to the overlapping spreading centers at 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {280},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {175--184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.030},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.030}
}
White SN (2009), "Laser Raman spectroscopy as a technique for identification of seafloor hydrothermal and cold seep minerals", Chemical Geology. Vol. 259(3-4), pp. 240-252.
BibTeX:
@article{White2009a,
  author = {White, S N},
  title = {Laser Raman spectroscopy as a technique for identification of seafloor hydrothermal and cold seep minerals},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {259},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {240--252},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.11.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.11.008}
}
Yao HQ, Zhou HY, Peng XT, Bao SX, Wu ZJ, Li JT, Sun ZL, Chen ZQ, Li JW and Chen GQ (2009), "Metal sources of black smoker chimneys, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Pb isotope constraints", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 24(10), pp. 1971-1977.
BibTeX:
@article{Yao2009,
  author = {Yao, H Q and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Bao, S X and Wu, Z J and Li, J T and Sun, Z L and Chen, Z Q and Li, J W and Chen, G Q},
  title = {Metal sources of black smoker chimneys, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Pb isotope constraints},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {24},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1971--1977},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.07.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.07.010}
}
Adams DK and Mullineaux LS (2008), "Supply of gastropod larvae to hydrothermal vents reflects transport from local larval sources", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 53(5), pp. 1945-1955.
Abstract: Variation in larval supply to disjunct marine populations can provide insight into larval transport and delivery mechanisms, especially when compared with observations of physical transport. Daily variability in larval supply at two mussel-dominated hydrothermal vents, East Wall and Choo Choo, near 9º50'N, East Pacific Rise, was quantified concurrently with hydrodynamic observations to investigate local dispersal processes. The magnitude and temporal variation in supply differed between the two vent sites despite their close proximity, 1.6 km. Larval supply was relatively high and uninterrupted at East Wall compared to low and episodic at Choo Choo. Observed variation in larval supply was compared to predictions based on advective transport from larval sources at neighboring vents. Variation in larval supply at Choo Choo correlated with along-axis southward currents, consistent with larval transport from a northern larval source. Larval supply to East Wall appeared to be independent of current velocities, suggesting that larvae came from multiple sources north of and south of and possibly including East Wall. Transport of larvae from discrete local sources can explain differences in larval supply to vent communities, even on spatial scales of kilometers.
BibTeX:
@article{Adams2008,
  author = {Adams, D K and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Supply of gastropod larvae to hydrothermal vents reflects transport from local larval sources},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {53},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1945--1955},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol53/issue5/1945.pdf},
  doi = {10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1945}
}
Ammons AW and Daly M (2008), "Distribution, habitat use and ecology of deepwater Anemones (Actiniaria) in the Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 55(24-26), pp. 2657-2666.
Abstract: The distribution of deepwater Actiniaria is poorly known. Rarely are these organisms identified to family, as this requires both well-preserved specimens and taxonomic expertise. Ecological information is similarly lacking. From the results of a comprehensive surveying program in the deep Gulf of Mexico, we report the occurrence of nine species of Actiniaria. For the most abundant four of these, we plot distributions and discuss habitat use, morphological variation, and feeding strategies. Actiniaria in the Gulf appear to have broad, basin-wide distributions with little depth preference. Faunal biomass is highest in the NE Gulf within submarine canyons or at the base of slope escarpments. Attachment mode is mostly opportunistic on various types of hard substrata, including trash. Sediment-dwelling forms are very abundant at an organically rich site within a large submarine canyon.
BibTeX:
@article{Ammons2008,
  author = {Ammons, A W and Daly, M},
  title = {Distribution, habitat use and ecology of deepwater Anemones (Actiniaria) in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {24-26},
  pages = {2657--2666},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.07.015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.07.015}
}
Bellingham JG (2008), "Platforms: autonomous underwater vehicles", In Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. San DIego, CA Vol. 6 Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bellingham2008,
  author = {Bellingham, J G},
  editor = {Steele, J H},
  title = {Platforms: autonomous underwater vehicles},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {6},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00730-X},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00730-X}
}
Boschi C, Dini A, Fruh-Green GL and Kelley DS (2008), "Isotopic and element exchange during serpentinization and metasomatism at the Atlantis Massif (MAR 30 degrees N): Insights from B and Sr isotope data", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(7), pp. 1801-1823.
BibTeX:
@article{Boschi2008,
  author = {Boschi, C and Dini, A and Fruh-Green, G L and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Isotopic and element exchange during serpentinization and metasomatism at the Atlantis Massif (MAR 30 degrees N): Insights from B and Sr isotope data},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1801--1823},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.013}
}
Brooks JM, Fisher CR, Roberts H, Bernard B, MacDonald IR, Carney R, Jove S, Cordes EE, Wolff GA and Goehring E (2008), "Investigations of chemosynthetic communities on the lower continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico: Interim Report 1", In OCS Reports. New Orleans, LA , pp. 332. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service.
BibTeX:
@book{Brooks2008,
  author = {Brooks, J M and Fisher, C R and Roberts, H and Bernard, B and MacDonald, I R and Carney, R and Jove, S and Cordes, E E and Wolff, G A and Goehring, E},
  title = {Investigations of chemosynthetic communities on the lower continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico: Interim Report 1},
  booktitle = {OCS Reports},
  publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {332},
  url = {http://www.gomr.mms.gov/PI/PDFImages/ESPIS/4/4320.pdf}
}
Chadwick WW, Cashman KV, Embley RW, Matsumoto H, Dziak RP, de Ronde CEJ, Lau TK, Deardorff ND and Merle SG (2008), "Direct video and hydrophone observations of submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1 volcano, Mariana arc", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 113, pp. B08S10.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2008,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Cashman, K V and Embley, R W and Matsumoto, H and Dziak, R P and de Ronde, C E J and Lau, T K and Deardorff, N D and Merle, S G},
  title = {Direct video and hydrophone observations of submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1 volcano, Mariana arc},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {113},
  pages = {B08S10},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005215},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005215}
}
Chen HH (2008), "Vision-based tracking with projective mapping for parameter identification of remotely operated vehicles", Ocean Engineering. Vol. 35(10), pp. 983-994.
BibTeX:
@article{Chen2008,
  author = {Chen, H -H},
  title = {Vision-based tracking with projective mapping for parameter identification of remotely operated vehicles},
  journal = {Ocean Engineering},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10},
  pages = {983--994},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.03.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.03.001}
}
Cho WW (2008), "Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 177. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Cho2008,
  author = {Cho, W W},
  title = {Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {177},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2633},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2633}
}
Cordes EE, McGinley MP, Podowski EL, Becker EL, Lessard-Pilon S, Viada ST and Fisher CR (2008), "Coral communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers., jun, 2008. Vol. 55(6), pp. 777-787.
BibTeX:
@article{Cordes2008,
  author = {Cordes, E E and McGinley, M P and Podowski, E L and Becker, E L and Lessard-Pilon, S and Viada, S T and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Coral communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {6},
  pages = {777--787},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.005}
}
Cruse AM, Seewald JS, Saccocia PJ and Zierenberg R (2008), "Hydrothermal fluid composition at Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: temporal and spatial variability", In Magma to microbe : modeling hydrothermal processes at ocean spreading centers. Washington, DC (178), pp. 145-166. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Cruse2008,
  author = {Cruse, A M and Seewald, J S and Saccocia, P J and Zierenberg, R},
  editor = {Lowell, R P},
  title = {Hydrothermal fluid composition at Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: temporal and spatial variability},
  booktitle = {Magma to microbe : modeling hydrothermal processes at ocean spreading centers},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2008},
  number = {178},
  pages = {145--166},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/178GM08},
  doi = {10.1029/178GM08}
}
Dattagupta S, Arthur MA and Fisher CR (2008), "Modification of sediment geochemistry by the hydrocarbon seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi: A combined empirical and modeling approach", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta., may, 2008. Vol. 72(9), pp. 2298-2315.
BibTeX:
@article{Dattagupta2008,
  author = {Dattagupta, S and Arthur, M A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Modification of sediment geochemistry by the hydrocarbon seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi: A combined empirical and modeling approach},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2298--2315},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.016}
}
Delacour A, Fruh-Green GL, Bernasconi SM and Kelley DS (2008), "Sulfur in peridotites and gabbros at Lost City (30 degrees N, MAR): Implications for hydrothermal alteration and microbial activity during serpentinization", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(20), pp. 5090-5110.
BibTeX:
@article{Delacour2008,
  author = {Delacour, A and Fruh-Green, G L and Bernasconi, S M and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Sulfur in peridotites and gabbros at Lost City (30 degrees N, MAR): Implications for hydrothermal alteration and microbial activity during serpentinization},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {20},
  pages = {5090--5110},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.017},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.017}
}
Delacour A, Fruh-Green GL, Bernasconi SM, Schaeffer P and Kelley DS (2008), "Carbon geochemistry of serpentinites in the Lost City Hydrothermal System (30 degrees N, MAR)", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(15), pp. 3681-3702.
BibTeX:
@article{Delacour2008a,
  author = {Delacour, A and Fruh-Green, G L and Bernasconi, S M and Schaeffer, P and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Carbon geochemistry of serpentinites in the Lost City Hydrothermal System (30 degrees N, MAR)},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {15},
  pages = {3681--3702},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.039},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.039}
}
Delacour A, Fruh-Green GL, Frank M, Gutjahr M and Kelley DS (2008), "Sr- and Nd-isotope geochemistry of the Atlantis Massif (30 degress N, MAR): Implications for fluid fluxes and lithospheric heterogeneity", Chemical Geology.
BibTeX:
@article{Delacour2008b,
  author = {Delacour, A and Fruh-Green, G L and Frank, M and Gutjahr, M and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Sr- and Nd-isotope geochemistry of the Atlantis Massif (30 degress N, MAR): Implications for fluid fluxes and lithospheric heterogeneity},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2008},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.018},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.018}
}
DitteL AI, Perovich G and Epifanio CE (2008), "Biology of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron: A brief review", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 63-77.
BibTeX:
@article{DitteL2008,
  author = {DitteL, A I and Perovich, G and Epifanio, C E},
  title = {Biology of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron: A brief review},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--77},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[63:BOTVCB]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[63:BOTVCB]2.0.CO;2}
}
Drazen JC, Phleger CF, Guest MA and Nichols PD (2008), "Lipid, sterols and fatty acid composition of abyssal holothurians and ophiuroids from the North-East Pacific Ocean: Food web implications", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.
BibTeX:
@article{Drazen2008,
  author = {Drazen, J C and Phleger, C F and Guest, M A and Nichols, P D},
  title = {Lipid, sterols and fatty acid composition of abyssal holothurians and ophiuroids from the North-East Pacific Ocean: Food web implications},
  journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology},
  year = {2008},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.05.013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.05.013}
}
Ferrini VL, Tivey MK, Carbotte SM, Martinez F and Roman C (2008), "Variable morphologic expression of volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at six hydrothermal vent fields in the Lau back-arc basin", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 9, pp. Q07022.
BibTeX:
@article{Ferrini2008,
  author = {Ferrini, V L and Tivey, M K and Carbotte, S M and Martinez, F and Roman, C},
  title = {Variable morphologic expression of volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at six hydrothermal vent fields in the Lau back-arc basin},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {Q07022},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002047},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002047}
}
Fusaro AJ (2008), "Spatial and temporal population genetics at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the east Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 210. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Fusaro2008,
  author = {Fusaro, A J},
  title = {Spatial and temporal population genetics at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the east Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {210},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2564},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2564}
}
Fusaro AJ, Baco AR, Gerlach G and Shank TM (2008), "Development and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent siboglinid Riftia pachyptila", Molecular Ecology Resources. Vol. 8(1), pp. 132-134.
BibTeX:
@article{Fusaro2008a,
  author = {Fusaro, A J and Baco, A R and Gerlach, G and Shank, T M},
  title = {Development and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent siboglinid Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {132--134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01897},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01897}
}
Garcia MO, Ito G, Weis D, Geist DJ, Swinnard L, Bianco T, Flinders A, Taylor B, Appelgate B, Blay C, Hanano D, Silva IN, Naumann T, Maerschalk C, Harpp KS, Christensen B, Sciaroni L, Tagami T and Yamasaki S (2008), "Widespread secondary volcanism near northern Hawaiian Islands", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 89(52), pp. 542-543.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia2008,
  author = {Garcia, M O and Ito, G and Weis, D and Geist, D J and Swinnard, L and Bianco, T and Flinders, A and Taylor, B and Appelgate, B and Blay, C and Hanano, D and Silva, I N and Naumann, T and Maerschalk, C and Harpp, K S and Christensen, B and Sciaroni, L and Tagami, T and Yamasaki, S},
  title = {Widespread secondary volcanism near northern Hawaiian Islands},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {89},
  number = {52},
  pages = {542--543},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO520002},
  doi = {10.1029/2008EO520002}
}
German CR, Yoerger DR, Jakuba MV, Shank TM, Langmuir CH and Nakamura KI (2008), "Hydrothermal exploration with the Autonomous Benthic Explorer", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 55(2), pp. 203-219.
BibTeX:
@article{German2008,
  author = {German, C R and Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Shank, T M and Langmuir, C H and Nakamura, K I},
  title = {Hydrothermal exploration with the Autonomous Benthic Explorer},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--219},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.004}
}
Gregg PM (2008), "The dynamics of oceanic transform faults : constraints from geophysical, geochemical, and geodynamical modeling" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 133. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Gregg2008,
  author = {Gregg, P M},
  title = {The dynamics of oceanic transform faults : constraints from geophysical, geochemical, and geodynamical modeling},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {133},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2322},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2322}
}
Henry MS, Childress JJ and Figueroa D (2008), "Metabolic rates and thermal tolerances of chemoautotrophic symbioses from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents and their implications for species distributions", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 55(5), pp. 679-695.
BibTeX:
@article{Henry2008,
  author = {Henry, M S and Childress, J J and Figueroa, D},
  title = {Metabolic rates and thermal tolerances of chemoautotrophic symbioses from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents and their implications for species distributions},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {5},
  pages = {679--695},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.02.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.02.001}
}
Hsu-Kim H, Mullaugh KM, Tsang JJ, Yucel M and Luther GW (2008), "Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs", Geochemical Transactions. Vol. 9(6), pp. 6.
BibTeX:
@article{Hsu-Kim2008,
  author = {Hsu-Kim, H and Mullaugh, K M and Tsang, J J and Yucel, M and Luther, G W},
  title = {Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs},
  journal = {Geochemical Transactions},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {6},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-9-6},
  doi = {10.1186/1467-4866-9-6}
}
Humphris SE (2008), "Vehicles for deep-sea exploration", In Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. San Diego, CA Vol. 6, pp. 4647-4659. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Humphris2008,
  author = {Humphris, S E},
  editor = {Steele, J H},
  title = {Vehicles for deep-sea exploration},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {4647--4659},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00734-7},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00734-7}
}
John SG, Rouxel OJ, Craddock PR, Engwall AM and Boyle EA (2008), "Zinc stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids and chimneys", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 269(1-2), pp. 17-28.
BibTeX:
@article{John2008,
  author = {John, S G and Rouxel, O J and Craddock, P R and Engwall, A M and Boyle, E A},
  title = {Zinc stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids and chimneys},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {269},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {17--28},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.12.011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.12.011}
}
Johnson SB, Waren A and Vrijenhoek RC (2008), "DNA barcoding of Lepetodrilus limpets reveals cryptic species", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 43-51.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2008,
  author = {Johnson, S B and Waren, A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {DNA barcoding of Lepetodrilus limpets reveals cryptic species},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--51},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[43:DBOLLR]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[43:DBOLLR]2.0.CO;2}
}
Komai T and Segonzac M (2008), "Taxonomic review of the hydrothermal vent shrimp Genera Rimicaris Williams & Rona and Chorocaris Martin & Hessler (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae)", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 21-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Komai2008,
  author = {Komai, T and Segonzac, M},
  title = {Taxonomic review of the hydrothermal vent shrimp Genera Rimicaris Williams & Rona and Chorocaris Martin & Hessler (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae)},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--41},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[21:TROTHV]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[21:TROTHV]2.0.CO;2}
}
Lam P, Cowen JP, Popp BN and Jones RD (2008), "Microbial ammonia oxidation and enhanced nitrogen cycling in the Endeavour hydrothermal plume", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(9), pp. 2268-2286.
BibTeX:
@article{Lam2008,
  author = {Lam, P and Cowen, J P and Popp, B N and Jones, R D},
  title = {Microbial ammonia oxidation and enhanced nitrogen cycling in the Endeavour hydrothermal plume},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2268--2286},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.033},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.033}
}
Lenihan HS, Mills SW, Mullineaux LS, Peterson CH, Fisher CR and Micheli F (2008), "Biotic interactions at hydrothermal vents: Recruitment inhibition by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 55(12), pp. 1707-1717.
BibTeX:
@article{Lenihan2008,
  author = {Lenihan, H S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Fisher, C R and Micheli, F},
  title = {Biotic interactions at hydrothermal vents: Recruitment inhibition by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1707--1717},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007}
}
Logan CR, Evans MT, Ward ME, Scott JL, Carnegie RB and Van Dover CL (2008), "Comparative ultrastructure of digestive diverticulae in bathymodiolin mussels: Discovery of an unknown spherical inclusion (SIX) in digestive cells of a seep mussel", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 97-105.
BibTeX:
@article{Logan2008,
  author = {Logan, C R and Evans, M T and Ward, M E and Scott, J L and Carnegie, R B and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Comparative ultrastructure of digestive diverticulae in bathymodiolin mussels: Discovery of an unknown spherical inclusion (SIX) in digestive cells of a seep mussel},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--105},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[97:CUODDI]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[97:CUODDI]2.0.CO;2}
}
Luther GW, Glazer BT, Ma S, Trouwborst RE, Moore TS, Metzger E, Kraiya C, Waite TJ, Druschel G, Sundby B, Taillefert M, Nuzzio DB, Shank TM, Lewis BL and Brendel PJ (2008), "Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)", Marine Chemistry. Vol. 108(3-4), pp. 221-235.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2008,
  author = {Luther, G W and Glazer, B T and Ma, S and Trouwborst, R E and Moore, T S and Metzger, E and Kraiya, C and Waite, T J and Druschel, G and Sundby, B and Taillefert, M and Nuzzio, D B and Shank, T M and Lewis, B L and Brendel, P J},
  title = {Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)},
  journal = {Marine Chemistry},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {108},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {221--235},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.002}
}
Lutz RA, Shank TM, Luther GW, Vetriani C, Tolstoy M, Nuzzio DB, Moore TS, Waldhauser F, Crespo-Medina M, Chatziefthimiou AD, Annis ER and Reed AJ (2008), "Interrelationships between vent fluid chemistry, temperature, seismic activity, and biological community structure at a mussel-dominated, deep-sea hydrothermal vent along the East Pacific Rise", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 177-190.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2008,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Luther, G W and Vetriani, C and Tolstoy, M and Nuzzio, D B and Moore, T S and Waldhauser, F and Crespo-Medina, M and Chatziefthimiou, A D and Annis, E R and Reed, A J},
  title = {Interrelationships between vent fluid chemistry, temperature, seismic activity, and biological community structure at a mussel-dominated, deep-sea hydrothermal vent along the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {177--190},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[177:IBVFCT]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[177:IBVFCT]2.0.CO;2}
}
McLean JH (2008), "Three new species of the family Neolepetopsidae (Patellogastropoda) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the Northeastern Pacific", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 15-20.
BibTeX:
@article{McLean2008,
  author = {McLean, J H},
  title = {Three new species of the family Neolepetopsidae (Patellogastropoda) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the Northeastern Pacific},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--20},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[15:TNSOTF]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[15:TNSOTF]2.0.CO;2}
}
Melchert B, Devey CW, German CR, Lackschewitz KS, Seifert R, Walter M, Mertens C, Yoerger DR, Baker ET, Paulick H and Nakamura K (2008), "First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 275(1-2), pp. 61-69.
BibTeX:
@article{Melchert2008,
  author = {Melchert, B and Devey, C W and German, C R and Lackschewitz, K S and Seifert, R and Walter, M and Mertens, C and Yoerger, D R and Baker, E T and Paulick, H and Nakamura, K},
  title = {First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {275},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {61--69},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010}
}
Moore JA, Auster PJ, Calini D, Heinonen K, Barber K and Hecker B (2008), "False boarfish Neocyttus helgae in the Western North Atlantic", Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. Vol. 49(1), pp. 31-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Moore2008,
  author = {Moore, J A and Auster, P J and Calini, D and Heinonen, K and Barber, K and Hecker, B},
  title = {False boarfish Neocyttus helgae in the Western North Atlantic},
  journal = {Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--41},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3374/0079-032X(2008)49[31:FBNHIT]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.3374/0079-032X(2008)49[31:FBNHIT]2.0.CO;2}
}
Mullaugh KM, Luther GW, Ma S, Moore TS, Yucel M, Becker EL, Podowski EL, Fisher CR, Trouwborst RE and Pierson BK (2008), "Voltammetric (micro)electrodes for the in situ study of Fe2+ oxidation kinetics in hot springs and S2O3-2- production at hydrothermal vents", Electroanalysis. Vol. 20(3), pp. 280-290.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullaugh2008,
  author = {Mullaugh, K M and Luther, G W and Ma, S and Moore, T S and Yucel, M and Becker, E L and Podowski, E L and Fisher, C R and Trouwborst, R E and Pierson, B K},
  title = {Voltammetric (micro)electrodes for the in situ study of Fe2+ oxidation kinetics in hot springs and S2O3-2- production at hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Electroanalysis},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {280--290},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200704056},
  doi = {10.1002/elan.200704056}
}
Nees HA, Moore TS, Mullaugh KM, Holyoke RR, Janzen CP, Ma S, Metzger E, Waite TJ, Yucel M, Lutz RA, Shank TM, Vetriani C, Nuzzio DB and Luther GW (2008), "Hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry, pre- and post-eruption at 9 degrees 50′North on the East Pacific Rise", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 169-175.
BibTeX:
@article{Nees2008,
  author = {Nees, H A and Moore, T S and Mullaugh, K M and Holyoke, R R and Janzen, C P and Ma, S and Metzger, E and Waite, T J and Yucel, M and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Vetriani, C and Nuzzio, D B and Luther, G W},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry, pre- and post-eruption at 9 degrees 50′North on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--175},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO;2}
}
Panieri G and Sen Gupta BK (2008), "Benthic Foraminifera of the Blake Ridge hydrate mound, Western North Atlantic Ocean", Marine Micropaleontology. Vol. 66(2), pp. 91-102.
BibTeX:
@article{Panieri2008,
  author = {Panieri, G and Sen Gupta, B K},
  title = {Benthic Foraminifera of the Blake Ridge hydrate mound, Western North Atlantic Ocean},
  journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--102},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.002}
}
Pester NJ, Butterfield DA, Foustoukos DI, Roe KK, Ding K, Shank TM and Seyfried WE (2008), "The chemistry of diffuse-flow vent fluids on the Galapagos Roft (86 degrees W) : temporal vaiability and subseafloor phase equilibria controls", In Magma to microbe : modeling hydrothermal processes at ocean spreading centers. Washington, DC (178), pp. 123-144. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Pester2008,
  author = {Pester, N J and Butterfield, D A and Foustoukos, D I and Roe, K K and Ding, K and Shank, T M and Seyfried, W E},
  editor = {Lowell, R P},
  title = {The chemistry of diffuse-flow vent fluids on the Galapagos Roft (86 degrees W) : temporal vaiability and subseafloor phase equilibria controls},
  booktitle = {Magma to microbe : modeling hydrothermal processes at ocean spreading centers},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2008},
  number = {178},
  pages = {123--144},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/178GM07},
  doi = {10.1029/178GM07}
}
Proskurowski G, Lilley MD and Olson EJ (2008), "Stable isotopic evidence in support of active microbial methane cycling in low-temperature diffuse flow vents at 9 degrees 50'N East Pacific Rise", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(8), pp. 2005-2023.
BibTeX:
@article{Proskurowski2008,
  author = {Proskurowski, G and Lilley, M D and Olson, E J},
  title = {Stable isotopic evidence in support of active microbial methane cycling in low-temperature diffuse flow vents at 9 degrees 50'N East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2005--2023},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.025},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.025}
}
Qin L and Humayun M (2008), "The Fe/Mn ratio in MORB and OIB determined by ICP-MS", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 72(6), pp. 1660-1677.
BibTeX:
@article{Qin2008,
  author = {Qin, L and Humayun, M},
  title = {The Fe/Mn ratio in MORB and OIB determined by ICP-MS},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {72},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1660--1677},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.012},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.012}
}
Rathgeber C, Lince MT, Alric J, Lang AS, Humphrey E, Blankenship RE, Vermeglio A, Plumley FG, Van Dover CL, Beatty JT and Yurkov V (2008), "Vertical distribution and characterization of aerobic phototrophic bacteria at the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean", Photosynthesis Research., sep, 2008. Vol. 97(3), pp. 235-244.
Abstract: The vertical distribution of culturable anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria was investigated at five sites at or near the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve similar strains of obligately aerobic phototrophic bacteria were isolated in pure culture, from depths ranging from 500 to 2,379 m below the surface. These strains appear morphologically, physiologically, biochemically, and phylogenetically similar to Citromicrobium bathyomarinum strain JF-1, a bacterium previously isolated from hydrothermal vent plume waters. Only one aerobic phototrophic strain was isolated from surface waters. This strain is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the strains isolated at deeper sampling locations, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is most closely related to the genus Erythrobacter. Phototrophs were cultivated from three water casts taken above vents but not from two casts taken away from active vent sites. No culturable anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs were detected. The photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in strain JF-1 and contains light-harvesting I and reaction center complexes, which are functional under aerobic conditions.
BibTeX:
@article{Rathgeber2008,
  author = {Rathgeber, C and Lince, M T and Alric, J and Lang, Andrew S and Humphrey, E and Blankenship, R E and Vermeglio, A and Plumley, F G and Van Dover, C L and Beatty, J T and Yurkov, V},
  title = {Vertical distribution and characterization of aerobic phototrophic bacteria at the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Photosynthesis Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {97},
  number = {3},
  pages = {235--244},
  doi = {10.1007/s11120-008-9332-z}
}
Rouxel OJ, Shanks WC, Bach W and Edwards KJ (2008), "Integrated Fe- and S-isotope study of seafloor hydrothermal vents at East Pacific Rise 9–10 degrees N", Chemical Geology. Vol. 252(3-4), pp. 214-227.
BibTeX:
@article{Rouxel2008,
  author = {Rouxel, O J and Shanks, W C and Bach, W and Edwards, K J},
  title = {Integrated Fe- and S-isotope study of seafloor hydrothermal vents at East Pacific Rise 9–10 degrees N},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {252},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {214--227},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.009}
}
Southward EC (2008), "The morphology of bacterial symbioses in the gills of mussels of the Genera Adipicola and Idas (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 139-146.
BibTeX:
@article{Southward2008,
  author = {Southward, E C},
  title = {The morphology of bacterial symbioses in the gills of mussels of the Genera Adipicola and Idas (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--146},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[139:TMOBSI]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[139:TMOBSI]2.0.CO;2}
}
Sudarikov SM, Krivitskaya MV and Kaminskiy DV (2008), "Geokhimiya submarinnykh rudoobrazuyushchikh gidroterm severnoy Atlantiki; po dannym distantsionnykh nablyudeniy i oprobovaniya s podvodnykh obitayemykh apparatov.", Zapiski Gornogo Instituta. Vol. 176, pp. 26-30.
BibTeX:
@article{Sudarikov2008,
  author = {Sudarikov, S M and Krivitskaya, M V and Kaminskiy, D V},
  title = {Geokhimiya submarinnykh rudoobrazuyushchikh gidroterm severnoy Atlantiki; po dannym distantsionnykh nablyudeniy i oprobovaniya s podvodnykh obitayemykh apparatov.},
  journal = {Zapiski Gornogo Instituta},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {176},
  pages = {26--30}
}
Thistle D, Eckman JE and Paterson GLJ (2008), "Large, motile epifauna interact strongly with harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes at a bathyal site", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 55(3), pp. 324-331.
BibTeX:
@article{Thistle2008,
  author = {Thistle, D and Eckman, J E and Paterson, G L J},
  title = {Large, motile epifauna interact strongly with harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes at a bathyal site},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {55},
  number = {3},
  pages = {324--331},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.008}
}
Tyler PA, Pendlebury S, Mills SW, Mullineaux LS, Eckelbarger KJ, Baker M and Young CM (2008), "Reproduction of gastropods from vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 107-118.
BibTeX:
@article{Tyler2008,
  author = {Tyler, P A and Pendlebury, S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Eckelbarger, K J and Baker, M and Young, C M},
  title = {Reproduction of gastropods from vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {107--118},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO;2}
}
Varga RJ, Horst AJ, Gee JS and Karson JA (2008), "Direct evidence from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for lateral melt migration at superfast spreading centers", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 9, pp. Q08008.
BibTeX:
@article{Varga2008,
  author = {Varga, R J and Horst, A J and Gee, J S and Karson, J A},
  title = {Direct evidence from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for lateral melt migration at superfast spreading centers},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {Q08008},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002075},
  doi = {10.1029/2008GC002075}
}
Voight JR (2008), "Observations of deep-sea octopodid behavior from undersea vehicles. For the Symposium 'Cephalopods: A behavioral perspective' volume", American Malacological Bulletin. Vol. 24(1-2), pp. 43-50.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2008,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {Observations of deep-sea octopodid behavior from undersea vehicles. For the Symposium 'Cephalopods: A behavioral perspective' volume},
  journal = {American Malacological Bulletin},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {43--50},
  url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4003/0740-2783-24.1.43},
  doi = {10.4003/0740-2783-24.1.43}
}
Voordeckers JW, Do MH, Hugler M, Ko V, Sievert SM and Vetriani C (2008), "Culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Extremophiles. Vol. 12(5), pp. 627-640.
BibTeX:
@article{Voordeckers2008,
  author = {Voordeckers, J W and Do, M H and Hugler, M and Ko, V and Sievert, S M and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Extremophiles},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {627--640},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0167-5},
  doi = {10.1007/s00792-008-0167-5}
}
Waite TJ, Moore TS, Childress JJ, Hsu-Kim H, Mullaugh KM, Nuzzio DB, Paschal AN, Tsang J, Fisher CR and Luther GW (2008), "Variation in sulfur speciation with shellfish presence at a Lau Basin diffuse flow vent site", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 163-168.
BibTeX:
@article{Waite2008,
  author = {Waite, T J and Moore, T S and Childress, J J and Hsu-Kim, H and Mullaugh, K M and Nuzzio, D B and Paschal, A N and Tsang, J and Fisher, C R and Luther, G W},
  title = {Variation in sulfur speciation with shellfish presence at a Lau Basin diffuse flow vent site},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {163--168},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[163:VISSWS]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[163:VISSWS]2.0.CO;2}
}
Walker BD, McCarthy MD, Fisher AT and Guilderson TP (2008), "Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition of low-temperature axial and ridge-flank hydrothermal fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Marine Chemistry. Vol. 108(1-2), pp. 123-136.
BibTeX:
@article{Walker2008,
  author = {Walker, B D and McCarthy, M D and Fisher, A T and Guilderson, T P},
  title = {Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition of low-temperature axial and ridge-flank hydrothermal fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Chemistry},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {108},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {123--136},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.002}
}
Walker SL, Baker ET, Resing JA, Chadwick WW, Lebon GT, Lupton JE and Merle SG (2008), "Eruption-fed particle plumes and volcaniclastic deposits at a submarine volcano: NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 113, pp. B08S11.
BibTeX:
@article{Walker2008a,
  author = {Walker, S L and Baker, E T and Resing, J A and Chadwick, W W and Lebon, G T and Lupton, J E and Merle, S G},
  title = {Eruption-fed particle plumes and volcaniclastic deposits at a submarine volcano: NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {113},
  pages = {B08S11},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005441},
  doi = {10.1029/2007JB005441}
}
Wheat CG, Fryer P, Fisher AT, Hulme S, Jannasch HW and Mottl MJ (2008), "Borehole observations of fluid flow from South Chamorro Seamount, an active serpentinite mud volcano in the Mariana forearc", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 267(3-4), pp. 401-409.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2008,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Fryer, P and Fisher, A T and Hulme, S and Jannasch, H W and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Borehole observations of fluid flow from South Chamorro Seamount, an active serpentinite mud volcano in the Mariana forearc},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {267},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {401--409},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.057},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.057}
}
Won YJ, Jones WJ and Vrijenhoek RC (2008), "Absence of cospeciation between deep-sea mytilids and their thiotrophic endosymbionts", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 27(1), pp. 129-138.
BibTeX:
@article{Won2008,
  author = {Won, Y -J and Jones, W J and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Absence of cospeciation between deep-sea mytilids and their thiotrophic endosymbionts},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--138},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO;2}
}
(2008), "Lockheed Martin designs new scientific research mini-sub", Ocean News & Technology. Vol. 14(1), pp. 20-21.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Lockheed Martin designs new scientific research mini-sub},
  journal = {Ocean News & Technology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20--21},
  url = {http://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=2811&p=21}
}
Adams DK (2007), "Influence of hydrodynamics on the larval supply to hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 164. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Abstract: Examination of the scales at which larval supply varies spatially and temporally, and correlation with concurrent physical observations can provide insights into larval transport mechanisms that contribute to structuring marine benthic communities. In order to facilitate field studies, this thesis first provides new morphological and genetic identifications for hydrothermal vent gastropod larvae along the northern East Pacific Rise. Daily and weekly variability in the supply of hydrothermal vent gastropod larvae to two hydrothermal vents, 1.6 km apart on the East Pacific Rise, were quantified concurrently with current velocity observations. The magnitude and temporal pattern of larval supply differed between vent sites, despite their close proximity. A strong correlation between along-axis flow and daily larval supply suggested that larval supply occurred primarily via along-axis transport between local sources 1-2 km apart. However, weekly larval supply appeared to be driven by larger spatial scales through losses associated with cross-axis flows and the passage of mesoscale eddies. Tracer movement within a quasi-geostrophic eddy model was consistent with the observations of decreased larval supply concurrent with an eddy observed via satellite altimetry. The tracer movement also indicated that deep eddy-induced flow could facilitate a long-distance dispersal event, enhancing dispersal between vents 100s km apart.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Adams2007,
  author = {Adams, D K},
  title = {Influence of hydrodynamics on the larval supply to hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {164},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1779},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1779}
}
Bergmanis EC, Sinton J and Rubin KH (2007), "Recent eruptive history and magma reservoir dynamics on the southern East Pacific Rise at 17 degrees 30' S", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 8, pp. Q12O06.
BibTeX:
@article{Bergmanis2007,
  author = {Bergmanis, E C and Sinton, J and Rubin, K H},
  title = {Recent eruptive history and magma reservoir dynamics on the southern East Pacific Rise at 17 degrees 30' S},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {Q12O06},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001742},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001742}
}
Bergquist DC, Eckner JT, Urcuyo IA, Cordes EE, Hourdez S, Macko SA and Fisher CR (2007), "Using stable isotopes and quantitative community characteristics to determine a local hydrothermal vent food web", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 330, pp. 49-65.
BibTeX:
@article{Bergquist2007,
  author = {Bergquist, D C and Eckner, J T and Urcuyo, I A and Cordes, E E and Hourdez, S and Macko, S A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Using stable isotopes and quantitative community characteristics to determine a local hydrothermal vent food web},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {330},
  pages = {49--65},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps330049},
  doi = {10.3354/meps330049}
}
Cairns SD (2007), "Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), Part 8: New Records of Primnoidae from the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 120(3), pp. 243-263.
BibTeX:
@article{Cairns2007,
  author = {Cairns, S D},
  title = {Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), Part 8: New Records of Primnoidae from the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {120},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--263},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2}
}
Canache C (2007), "Fishes of the New England Seamounts" Boca Raton, FL Vol. B.A., pp. 21. Florida Atlantic University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Canache2007,
  author = {Canache, C},
  title = {Fishes of the New England Seamounts},
  publisher = {Florida Atlantic University},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {B.A.},
  pages = {21},
  url = {http://digitool.fcla.edu/R/KMER68Q44RTTS8MLPRJN3FHK5UC743JEHCXVYLG7N6SCUDEUGQ-02078?func=results-full}
}
Carney SL, Flores JF, Orobona KM, Butterfield DA, Fisher CR and Schaeffer SW (2007), "Environmental differences in hemoglobin gene expression in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Ridgeia piscesae", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology., mar, 2007. Vol. 146(3), pp. 326-337.
BibTeX:
@article{Carney2007,
  author = {Carney, S L and Flores, J F and Orobona, K M and Butterfield, D A and Fisher, C R and Schaeffer, S W},
  title = {Environmental differences in hemoglobin gene expression in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Ridgeia piscesae},
  journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {146},
  number = {3},
  pages = {326--337},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.002}
}
Chan LH and Hein JR (2007), "Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 54(11-13), pp. 1147-1162.
BibTeX:
@article{Chan2007,
  author = {Chan, L H and Hein, J R},
  title = {Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {54},
  number = {11-13},
  pages = {1147--1162},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.003}
}
Christeson GL, McIntosh KD and Karson JA (2007), "Inconsistent correlation of seismic layer 2a and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust", Nature. Vol. 445(7126), pp. 418-421.
BibTeX:
@article{Christeson2007,
  author = {Christeson, G L and McIntosh, K D and Karson, J A},
  title = {Inconsistent correlation of seismic layer 2a and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {445},
  number = {7126},
  pages = {418--421},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05517},
  doi = {10.1038/nature05517}
}
Copley JTP, Flint HC, Ferrero TJ and Van Dover CL (2007), "Diversity of melofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom., oct, 2007. Vol. 87(5), pp. 1141-1152.
Abstract: The ecology and biogeography of meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have historically received less attention than those of mega- and macrofauna. This study examines the composition of major meiofaunal taxa in beds of the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus at hydrothermal vents on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) and presents the first comparison of species assemblages of the dominant taxon, the nematodes, among sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude. Meiofaunal samples were collected by submersible from three mussel beds at 9 degrees N on the EPR and four mussel beds between 17 and 18 degrees S in 1999. Estimated ages of the mussel beds at the time of sampling range from 4 to textgreater20 years, enabling investigation of the influence of mussel bed age on meiofaunal assemblages. Overall, the meiofauna of the mussel beds was dominated by nematodes, with copepods constituting the second most abundant meiofaunal group. There was variation in the ratio of nematodes to copepods between sites, however, with copepods more abundant than nematodes in the youngest mussel beds. Apart from polychaete larvae, other meiofaunal groups were generally present at very low abundance (
BibTeX:
@article{Copley2007,
  author = {Copley, J T P and Flint, H C and Ferrero, T J and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Diversity of melofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {87},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1141--1152},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315407055956}
}
Deschamps A, Tivey MA, Embley RW and Chadwick WW (2007), "Quantitative study of the deformation at Southern Explorer Ridge using high-resolution bathymetric data", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 259(1-2), pp. 1-17.
BibTeX:
@article{Deschamps2007,
  author = {Deschamps, A and Tivey, M A and Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Quantitative study of the deformation at Southern Explorer Ridge using high-resolution bathymetric data},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {259},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {1--17},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.007}
}
Duperron S, Sibuet M, MacGregor BJ, Kuypers MMM, Fisher CR and Dubilier N (2007), "Diversity, relative abundance and metabolic potential of bacterial endosymbionts in three Bathymodiolus mussel species from cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico", Environmental microbiology., jun, 2007. Vol. 9(6), pp. 1423-1438.
BibTeX:
@article{Duperron2007,
  author = {Duperron, S and Sibuet, M and MacGregor, B J and Kuypers, M M M and Fisher, C R and Dubilier, N},
  title = {Diversity, relative abundance and metabolic potential of bacterial endosymbionts in three Bathymodiolus mussel species from cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Environmental microbiology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1423--1438},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01259.x}
}
Ehrhardt CJ, Haymon RM, Lamontagne MG and Holden PA (2007), "Evidence for hydrothermal Archaea within the basaltic flanks of the East Pacific Rise", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 9(4), pp. 900-912.
BibTeX:
@article{Ehrhardt2007,
  author = {Ehrhardt, C J and Haymon, R M and Lamontagne, M G and Holden, P A},
  title = {Evidence for hydrothermal Archaea within the basaltic flanks of the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {900--912},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01211.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01211.x}
}
Embley RW, Baker ET, Butterfield DA, Chadwick WW, Lupton JE, Resing JA, de Ronde CEJ, Nakamura KI, Tunnicliffe V, Dower JF and Merle SG (2007), "Exploring the submarine ring of fire: Mariana Arc-Western Pacific", Oceanography. Vol. 20(4), pp. 69-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley2007,
  author = {Embley, R W and Baker, E T and Butterfield, D A and Chadwick, W W and Lupton, J E and Resing, J A and de Ronde, C E J and Nakamura, K I and Tunnicliffe, V and Dower, J F and Merle, S G},
  title = {Exploring the submarine ring of fire: Mariana Arc-Western Pacific},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {69--80},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.07}
}
Escartin J, Soule SA, Fornari DJ, Tivey MA, Schouten H and Perfit MR (2007), "Interplay between faults and lava flows in construction of the upper oceanic crust: The East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 25 '-9 degrees 58 ' N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 8, pp. Q06005.
BibTeX:
@article{Escartin2007,
  author = {Escartin, J and Soule, S A and Fornari, D J and Tivey, M A and Schouten, H and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Interplay between faults and lava flows in construction of the upper oceanic crust: The East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 25 '-9 degrees 58 ' N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {Q06005},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001399},
  doi = {10.1029/2006gc001399}
}
Ferrini VL, Fornari DJ, Shank TM, Kinsey JC, Tivey MA, Soule SA, Carbotte SM, Whitcomb LL, Yoerger DR and Howland J (2007), "Submeter bathymetric mapping of volcanic and hydrothermal features on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 50 ' N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 8, pp. Q01006.
BibTeX:
@article{Ferrini2007,
  author = {Ferrini, V L and Fornari, D J and Shank, T M and Kinsey, J C and Tivey, M A and Soule, S A and Carbotte, S M and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R and Howland, J},
  title = {Submeter bathymetric mapping of volcanic and hydrothermal features on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 50 ' N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {Q01006},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001333},
  doi = {10.1029/2006GC001333}
}
Fisher CR and Girguis P (2007), "A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent", Science., jan, 2007. Vol. 315(5809), pp. 198-199.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher2007,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Girguis, P},
  title = {A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {315},
  number = {5809},
  pages = {198--199},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1137739}
}
Fisher CR, Roberts H, Cordes E and Bernard B (2007), "Cold Seeps and Associated Communities of the Gulf of Mexico", Oceanography., dec, 2007. Vol. 20(4), pp. 118-129.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher2007a,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Roberts, H and Cordes, E and Bernard, B},
  title = {Cold Seeps and Associated Communities of the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {118--129},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.12}
}
Fisher CR, Takai K and Le Bris N (2007), "Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems", Oceanography., mar, 2007. Vol. 20(1), pp. 14-23.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher2007b,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Takai, K and Le Bris, N},
  title = {Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14--23},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.75}
}
Foustoukos DI and Seyfried WE (2007), "Quartz solubility in the two-phase and critical region of the NaCl-KCl-H2O system: Implications for submarine hydrothermal vent systems at 9 degrees 50 ' N East Pacific Rise", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 71(1), pp. 186-201.
BibTeX:
@article{Foustoukos2007,
  author = {Foustoukos, D I and Seyfried, W E},
  title = {Quartz solubility in the two-phase and critical region of the NaCl-KCl-H2O system: Implications for submarine hydrothermal vent systems at 9 degrees 50 ' N East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {186--201},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.038},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.038}
}
Gannoun A, Burton KW, Parkinson IJ, Alard O, Schiano P and Thomas LE (2007), "The scale and origin of the osmium isotope variations in mid-ocean ridge basalts", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 259(3-4), pp. 541-556.
BibTeX:
@article{Gannoun2007,
  author = {Gannoun, A and Burton, K W and Parkinson, I J and Alard, O and Schiano, P and Thomas, L E},
  title = {The scale and origin of the osmium isotope variations in mid-ocean ridge basalts},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {259},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {541--556},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.014},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.014}
}
Gilbert LA, McDuff RE and Johnson HP (2007), "Porosity of the upper edifice of Axial Seamount", Geology. Vol. 35(1), pp. 49-52.
BibTeX:
@article{Gilbert2007,
  author = {Gilbert, L A and McDuff, R E and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Porosity of the upper edifice of Axial Seamount},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--52},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22892A.1},
  doi = {10.1130/G22892A.1}
}
Glickson DA, Kelley DS and Delaney JR (2007), "Geology and hydrothermal evolution of the Mothra Hydrothermal Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 8, pp. Q06010.
BibTeX:
@article{Glickson2007,
  author = {Glickson, D A and Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Geology and hydrothermal evolution of the Mothra Hydrothermal Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {Q06010},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001588},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001588}
}
Gollner S, Zekeley J, Govenar B, Le Bris N, Nemeschkal HL, Fisher CR and Bright M (2007), "Tubeworm-associated permanent meiobenthic communities from two chemically different hydrothermal vent sites on the East Pacific Rise", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 337, pp. 39-49.
BibTeX:
@article{Gollner2007,
  author = {Gollner, S and Zekeley, J and Govenar, B and Le Bris, N and Nemeschkal, H L and Fisher, C R and Bright, M},
  title = {Tubeworm-associated permanent meiobenthic communities from two chemically different hydrothermal vent sites on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {337},
  pages = {39--49},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps337039},
  doi = {10.3354/meps337039}
}
Govenar B and Fisher CR (2007), "Experimental evidence of habitat provision by aggregations of Riftia pachyptila at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise", Marine Ecology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 3-14. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
BibTeX:
@article{Govenar2007,
  author = {Govenar, B and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Experimental evidence of habitat provision by aggregations of Riftia pachyptila at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--14},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00148.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00148.x}
}
Hayman NW and Karson JA (2007), "Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals in seafloor hydrothermal systems", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 8, pp. Q10002.
BibTeX:
@article{Hayman2007,
  author = {Hayman, N W and Karson, J A},
  title = {Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals in seafloor hydrothermal systems},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {Q10002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001623},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GC001623}
}
Helmreich S (2007), "An anthropologist underwater: Immersive soundscapes, submarine cyborgs, and transductive ethnography", American Ethnologist. Vol. 34(4), pp. 621-641.
BibTeX:
@article{Helmreich2007,
  author = {Helmreich, S},
  title = {An anthropologist underwater: Immersive soundscapes, submarine cyborgs, and transductive ethnography},
  journal = {American Ethnologist},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {621--641},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2007.34.4.621},
  doi = {10.1525/ae.2007.34.4.621}
}
Heyl TP, Gilhooly WP, Chambers RM, Gilchrist GW, Macko SA, Ruppel CD and Van Dover CL (2007), "Characteristics of vesicomyid clams and their environment at the Blake Ridge cold seep, South Carolina, USA", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 339, pp. 169-184.
BibTeX:
@article{Heyl2007,
  author = {Heyl, T P and Gilhooly, W P and Chambers, R M and Gilchrist, G W and Macko, S A and Ruppel, C D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Characteristics of vesicomyid clams and their environment at the Blake Ridge cold seep, South Carolina, USA},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {339},
  pages = {169--184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps339169},
  doi = {10.3354/meps339169}
}
Hornbach MJ, Ruppel CD and Van Dover CL (2007), "Three-dimensional structure of fluid conduits sustaining an active deep marine cold seep", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 34(5), pp. L05601.
BibTeX:
@article{Hornbach2007,
  author = {Hornbach, M J and Ruppel, C D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Three-dimensional structure of fluid conduits sustaining an active deep marine cold seep},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {34},
  number = {5},
  pages = {L05601},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028859},
  doi = {10.1029/2006gl028859}
}
Houghton JL, Seyfried WE, Banta AB and Reysenbach AL (2007), "Continuous enrichment culturing of thermophiles under sulfate and nitrate-reducing conditions and at deep-sea hydrostatic pressures", Extremophiles. Vol. 11(2), pp. 371-382.
BibTeX:
@article{Houghton2007,
  author = {Houghton, J L and Seyfried, W E and Banta, A B and Reysenbach, A -L},
  title = {Continuous enrichment culturing of thermophiles under sulfate and nitrate-reducing conditions and at deep-sea hydrostatic pressures},
  journal = {Extremophiles},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {371--382},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-006-0049-7},
  doi = {10.1007/s00792-006-0049-7}
}
Jakuba MV (2007), "Stochastic mapping for chemical plume source localization with application to autonomous hydrothermal vent discovery" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 325. Massachusetts Institutte of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Jakuba2007,
  author = {Jakuba, M V},
  title = {Stochastic mapping for chemical plume source localization with application to autonomous hydrothermal vent discovery},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institutte of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {325},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1583},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1583}
}
Jones WJ and Macpherson E (2007), "Molecular phylogeny of the East Pacific squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis (decapoda: galatheidae) with the descriptions of seven new species", Journal of Crustacean Biology. Vol. 27(3), pp. 477-501.
BibTeX:
@article{Jones2007,
  author = {Jones, W J and Macpherson, E},
  title = {Molecular phylogeny of the East Pacific squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis (decapoda: galatheidae) with the descriptions of seven new species},
  journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {477--501},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/S-2791.1},
  doi = {10.1651/S-2791.1}
}
Kelley DS, Fruh-Green GL, Karson JA and Ludwig KA (2007), "The Lost City Hydrothermal Field revisited", Oceanography. Vol. 20(4), pp. 90-99.
BibTeX:
@article{Kelley2007,
  author = {Kelley, D S and Fruh-Green, G L and Karson, J A and Ludwig, K A},
  title = {The Lost City Hydrothermal Field revisited},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90--99},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.09}
}
Koslow T (2007), "The Silent Deep: The discovery, ecology, and conservation of the deep sea" Chicago, IL , pp. 312. University of Chicago Press.
BibTeX:
@book{Koslow2007,
  author = {Koslow, T},
  title = {The Silent Deep: The discovery, ecology, and conservation of the deep sea},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {312}
}
Larsen K (2007), "Amphipoda (Crustacea; Peracarida) from the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan De Fuca Ridge, Escabana trough and Gorda ridge, Northeast Pacific. Part I. Lysianassidae and sebidae", Zootaxa. Vol. 1445, pp. 1-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Larsen2007,
  author = {Larsen, K},
  title = {Amphipoda (Crustacea; Peracarida) from the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan De Fuca Ridge, Escabana trough and Gorda ridge, Northeast Pacific. Part I. Lysianassidae and sebidae},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {1445},
  pages = {1--26},
  url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01445p026f.pdf}
}
Larson BI, Olson EJ and Lilley MD (2007), "In situ measurement of dissolved chloride in high temperature hydrothermal fluids", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 71(10), pp. 2510-2523.
BibTeX:
@article{Larson2007,
  author = {Larson, B I and Olson, E J and Lilley, M D},
  title = {In situ measurement of dissolved chloride in high temperature hydrothermal fluids},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {71},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2510--2523},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.013}
}
Levin LA and Mendoza GF (2007), "Community structure and nutrition of deep methane-seep macrobenthos from the North Pacific (Aleutian) Margin and the Gulf of Mexico (Florida Escarpment)", Marine Ecology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 131-151.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2007,
  author = {Levin, L A and Mendoza, G F},
  title = {Community structure and nutrition of deep methane-seep macrobenthos from the North Pacific (Aleutian) Margin and the Gulf of Mexico (Florida Escarpment)},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--151},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00131.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00131.x}
}
Mills SW, Mullineaux LS and Tyler PA (2007), "Habitat associations in gastropod species at east Pacific rise hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50 ' N)", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 212(3), pp. 185-194.
BibTeX:
@article{Mills2007,
  author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Tyler, P A},
  title = {Habitat associations in gastropod species at east Pacific rise hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50 ' N)},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {212},
  number = {3},
  pages = {185--194},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/212/3/185}
}
Nevala AE (2007), "Undersea eruption traps devices on the bottom of the Pacific", Oceanus. Vol. 45(3), pp. 6.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2007,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {Undersea eruption traps devices on the bottom of the Pacific},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {6},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=27286&archives=true}
}
Nevala AE (2007), "Phone call links inner and outer space", Oceanus. Vol. 45(3), pp. 38.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2007a,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {Phone call links inner and outer space},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {38},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=32251&archives=true}
}
Nishi E and Rouse GW (2007), "A new species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae : Annelida) from near hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin, western Pacific Ocean", Zootaxa. (1621), pp. 55-64.
BibTeX:
@article{Nishi2007,
  author = {Nishi, E and Rouse, G W},
  title = {A new species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae : Annelida) from near hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin, western Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2007},
  number = {1621},
  pages = {55--64},
  url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01621p064f.pdf}
}
Oliver PG and Holmes AM (2007), "A new species of Axinus (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea) from the Baby Bare Seamount, Cascadia Basin, NE Pacific with a description of the anatomy", Journal of Conchology. Vol. 39(4), pp. 363-375.
BibTeX:
@article{Oliver2007,
  author = {Oliver, P G and Holmes, A M},
  title = {A new species of Axinus (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea) from the Baby Bare Seamount, Cascadia Basin, NE Pacific with a description of the anatomy},
  journal = {Journal of Conchology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {39},
  number = {4},
  pages = {363--375},
  url = {http://www.conchsoc.org/resources/show-abstract-39.php?id=            137}
}
Olsson M, Hardy K and Sanderson J (2007), "Underwater applications of high-power light-emitting diodes: solid-state lighting comes of age in the deep sea as high-power LEDs debut on submersible Alvin dives", Sea Technology. Vol. 48(8), pp. 31-34.
BibTeX:
@article{Olsson2007,
  author = {Olsson, M and Hardy, K and Sanderson, J},
  title = {Underwater applications of high-power light-emitting diodes: solid-state lighting comes of age in the deep sea as high-power LEDs debut on submersible Alvin dives},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {48},
  number = {8},
  pages = {31--34}
}
Olu-Le Roy K, von Cosel R, Hourdez S, Carney SL and Jollivet D (2007), "Amphi-Atlantic cold-seep Bathymodiolus species complexes across the equatorial belt", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 54(11), pp. 1890-1911.
BibTeX:
@article{Olu-LeRoy2007,
  author = {Olu-Le Roy, K and von Cosel, R and Hourdez, S and Carney, S L and Jollivet, D},
  title = {Amphi-Atlantic cold-seep Bathymodiolus species complexes across the equatorial belt},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {54},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1890--1911},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004}
}
Perk NW, Coogan LA, Karson JA, Klein EM and Hanna HD (2007), "Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: Implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the Southern East Pacific Rise", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. Vol. 154(5), pp. 575-590.
BibTeX:
@article{Perk2007,
  author = {Perk, N W and Coogan, L A and Karson, J A and Klein, E M and Hanna, H D},
  title = {Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: Implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the Southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {154},
  number = {5},
  pages = {575--590},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0210-z},
  doi = {10.1007/s00410-007-0210-z}
}
Piper DJW, Shaw J and Skene KI (2007), "Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence for late Wisconsinan sub-glacial outburst floods to Laurentian Fan", Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Vol. 246(1), pp. 101-119.
BibTeX:
@article{Piper2007,
  author = {Piper, D J W and Shaw, J and Skene, K I},
  title = {Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence for late Wisconsinan sub-glacial outburst floods to Laurentian Fan},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {246},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--119},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.029},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.029}
}
Pollock MA (2007), "Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from tectonic windows" Durham, N.C. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 145. Duke University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Pollock2007,
  author = {Pollock, M A},
  title = {Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from tectonic windows},
  publisher = {Duke University},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {145},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/388}
}
Prieto L and Cowen JP (2007), "Transparent exopolymer particles in a deep-sea hydrothermal system: Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Marine Biology. Vol. 150(6), pp. 1093-1101.
BibTeX:
@article{Prieto2007,
  author = {Prieto, L and Cowen, J P},
  title = {Transparent exopolymer particles in a deep-sea hydrothermal system: Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {150},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1093--1101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0430-1},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-006-0430-1}
}
Rickard DT and Luther GW (2007), "Chemistry of iron sulfides", Chemical Reviews. Vol. 107(2), pp. 514-582.
BibTeX:
@article{Rickard2007,
  author = {Rickard, D T and Luther, G W},
  title = {Chemistry of iron sulfides},
  journal = {Chemical Reviews},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {107},
  number = {2},
  pages = {514--582},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0503658},
  doi = {10.1021/cr0503658}
}
Roberts HH and Potter JM (2007), "Expedition to the Deep Slope 2007, June 4 - July 6, 2007" Washington, D.C. Vol. 2008 U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration.
BibTeX:
@book{Roberts2007,
  author = {Roberts, H H and Potter, J M},
  title = {Expedition to the Deep Slope 2007, June 4 - July 6, 2007},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {2008},
  url = {http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07mexico/}
}
Roberts H, Carney R, Kupchik M, Fisher CR, Nelson K, Becker E, Goehring E, Lessard-Pilon S, Telesnicki G, Bernard B, Brooks J, Bright M, Cordes E, Hourdez S, Hunt J, Shedd W, Boland G, Joye S, Samarkin V, Bernier M, Bowles M, MacDonald I, Niemann H, Petersen C, Morrison C and Potter J (2007), "Alvin explores the deep northern Gulf of Mexico Slope", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 88(35), pp. 341-342.
BibTeX:
@article{Roberts2007a,
  author = {Roberts, H and Carney, R and Kupchik, M and Fisher, C R and Nelson, Kim and Becker, E and Goehring, E and Lessard-Pilon, S and Telesnicki, G and Bernard, B and Brooks, J and Bright, M and Cordes, E and Hourdez, S and Hunt, J and Shedd, W and Boland, G and Joye, S and Samarkin, V and Bernier, M and Bowles, M and MacDonald, I and Niemann, H and Petersen, C and Morrison, C and Potter, J},
  title = {Alvin explores the deep northern Gulf of Mexico Slope},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {88},
  number = {35},
  pages = {341--342},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007EO350001},
  doi = {10.1029/2007EO350001}
}
Robinson LF, Adkins JF, Scheirer DS, Fernandez DP, Gagnon AC and Waller RG (2007), "Deep-sea scleractinian coral age and depth distributions in the northwest Atlantic for the last 225,000 years", Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol. 81(3), pp. 371-391.
BibTeX:
@article{Robinson2007,
  author = {Robinson, L F and Adkins, J F and Scheirer, D S and Fernandez, D P and Gagnon, A C and Waller, R G},
  title = {Deep-sea scleractinian coral age and depth distributions in the northwest Atlantic for the last 225,000 years},
  journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {81},
  number = {3},
  pages = {371--391}
}
Roman C and Singh H (2007), "A self-consistent bathymetric mapping algorithm", Journal of Field Robotics. Vol. 24(1-2), pp. 23-50.
BibTeX:
@article{Roman2007,
  author = {Roman, C and Singh, H},
  title = {A self-consistent bathymetric mapping algorithm},
  journal = {Journal of Field Robotics},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {23--50},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.20164},
  doi = {10.1002/rob.20164}
}
Santelli CM (2007), "Geomicrobiology of the ocean crust: the phylogenetic diversity, abundance, and distribution of microbial communities inhabiting basalt and implications for rock alteration processes" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 217. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Santelli2007,
  author = {Santelli, C M},
  title = {Geomicrobiology of the ocean crust: the phylogenetic diversity, abundance, and distribution of microbial communities inhabiting basalt and implications for rock alteration processes},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {217},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1735},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1735}
}
Shah VP (2007), "Design considerations for engineering autonomous underwater vehicles" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 89. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Shah2007,
  author = {Shah, V P},
  title = {Design considerations for engineering autonomous underwater vehicles},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {89},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1883},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1883}
}
Shank TM and Halanych KM (2007), "Toward a mechanistic understanding of larval dispersal: insights from genomic fingerprinting of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila", Marine Ecology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 25-35.
BibTeX:
@article{Shank2007,
  author = {Shank, T M and Halanych, K M},
  title = {Toward a mechanistic understanding of larval dispersal: insights from genomic fingerprinting of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--35},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00146.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00146.x}
}
Sharma M, Rosenberg EJ and Butterfield DA (2007), "Search for the proverbial mantle osmium sources to the oceans: Hydrothermal alteration of mid-ocean ridge basalt", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 71(19), pp. 4655-4667.
BibTeX:
@article{Sharma2007,
  author = {Sharma, M and Rosenberg, E J and Butterfield, D A},
  title = {Search for the proverbial mantle osmium sources to the oceans: Hydrothermal alteration of mid-ocean ridge basalt},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {71},
  number = {19},
  pages = {4655--4667},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.062},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.062}
}
Sheader M and Van Dover CL (2007), "Temporal and spatial variation in the reproductive ecology of the vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris in the eastern Pacific", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 331, pp. 181-194.
Abstract: Populations of the vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris were compared from 6 East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent sites of different ages, 3 from the northern EPR and 3 from the southern EPR. Although vent age affected amphipod abundance, with no individuals at the oldest vent, other population/reproductive parameters were found to be site dependent rather than vent age dependent. There was little within-site variation in population structure and reproductive output, probably the result of high within-site motility. However, there were significant between-site and between-field differences, indicating a high degree of population and reproductive variability and a moderate degree of vent fidelity. Since population structure and reproductive output varied between sites, the possibility of their use as biomarkers of vent 'condition' is discussed. The reproductive ecology of V. sulfuris is described for the first time and compared to that of other vent amphipod species. Unlike other species studied, reproductive output is relatively high. Adults move to the periphery of vents to reproduce and brood; after brooding, they moult again, return to feed at vent habitats (e.g. mussel and tube worm beds), and undergo a new phase of gonad maturation and emigration.
BibTeX:
@article{Sheader2007,
  author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Temporal and spatial variation in the reproductive ecology of the vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {331},
  pages = {181--194},
  doi = {10.3354/meps331181}
}
Shields JD and Segonzac M (2007), "New nemertean worms (Carcinonemertidae) on bythograeid crabs (decapoda: brachyura) from Pacific hydrothermal vent sites", Journal of Crustacean Biology. Vol. 27(4), pp. 681-692.
BibTeX:
@article{Shields2007,
  author = {Shields, J D and Segonzac, M},
  title = {New nemertean worms (Carcinonemertidae) on bythograeid crabs (decapoda: brachyura) from Pacific hydrothermal vent sites},
  journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {681--692},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/S-2794.1},
  doi = {10.1651/S-2794.1}
}
Singh H, Roman C, Pizarro O and Eustice R (2007), "Advances in High Resolution Imaging from Underwater Vehicles", In Robotics Research: Results of the 12th International Symposium ISRR. Berlin (28), pp. 430-448. Springer.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Singh2007,
  author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Pizarro, O and Eustice, R},
  title = {Advances in High Resolution Imaging from Underwater Vehicles},
  booktitle = {Robotics Research: Results of the 12th International Symposium ISRR},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2007},
  number = {28},
  pages = {430--448},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-337},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_37}
}
Singh H, Roman C, Pizarro O, Eustice R and Can A (2007), "Towards high-resolution imaging from underwater vehicles", International Journal of Robotics Research. Vol. 26(1), pp. 55-74.
BibTeX:
@article{Singh2007a,
  author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Pizarro, O and Eustice, R and Can, A},
  title = {Towards high-resolution imaging from underwater vehicles},
  journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--74},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-337},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_37}
}
Sohn RA (2007), "Stochastic analysis of exit fluid temperature records from the active TAG hydrothermal mound (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26 degrees N); 1, Modes of variability and implications for subsurface flow", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 112(B7), pp. B07101.
BibTeX:
@article{Sohn2007,
  author = {Sohn, R A},
  title = {Stochastic analysis of exit fluid temperature records from the active TAG hydrothermal mound (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26 degrees N); 1, Modes of variability and implications for subsurface flow},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {112},
  number = {B7},
  pages = {B07101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004435},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JB004435}
}
Soule SA, Fornari DJ, Perfit MR and Rubin KH (2007), "New insights into mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes from the 2005-2006 eruption of the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 46' N-9 degrees 56' N", Geology. Vol. 35(12), pp. 1079-1082.
BibTeX:
@article{Soule2007,
  author = {Soule, S A and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Rubin, K H},
  title = {New insights into mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes from the 2005-2006 eruption of the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 46' N-9 degrees 56' N},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {35},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1079--1082},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23924A.1},
  doi = {10.1130/G23924A.1}
}
Tanaka A, Rosat S, Kisimoto K and Urabe T (2007), "High-resolution bathymetry using Alvin scanning sonar at the Southern East Pacific Rise and its implication to the formation of collapsed lava lakes", Earth Planets and Space. Vol. 59(4), pp. 245-249.
BibTeX:
@article{Tanaka2007,
  author = {Tanaka, A and Rosat, S and Kisimoto, K and Urabe, T},
  title = {High-resolution bathymetry using Alvin scanning sonar at the Southern East Pacific Rise and its implication to the formation of collapsed lava lakes},
  journal = {Earth Planets and Space},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {59},
  number = {4},
  pages = {245--249},
  url = {http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2007/5904/59040245.pdf}
}
Urcuyo IA, Bergquist DC, MacDonald IR, VanHorn M and Fisher CR (2007), "Growth and longevity of the tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae in the variable diffuse flow habitats of the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 344, pp. 143-157.
BibTeX:
@article{Urcuyo2007,
  author = {Urcuyo, I A and Bergquist, D C and MacDonald, I R and VanHorn, M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Growth and longevity of the tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae in the variable diffuse flow habitats of the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {344},
  pages = {143--157},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps06710},
  doi = {10.3354/meps06710}
}
Van Dover CL, Ward ME, Scott JL, Underdown J, Anderson B, Gustafson C, Whalen M and Carnegie RB (2007), "A fungal epizootic in mussels at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", Marine Ecology. Vol. 28(1), pp. 54-62.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2007,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Ward, M E and Scott, J L and Underdown, J and Anderson, B and Gustafson, C and Whalen, M and Carnegie, R B},
  title = {A fungal epizootic in mussels at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54--62},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x}
}
Van Dover CL (2007), "Stable isotope studies in chemoautotrophically based ecosystems: An update", In Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science. Malden, Mass. Vol. 2nd, pp. 202-237. Blackwell Pub..
BibTeX:
@incollection{VanDover2007a,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  editor = {Lajtha, K},
  title = {Stable isotope studies in chemoautotrophically based ecosystems: An update},
  booktitle = {Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science},
  publisher = {Blackwell Pub.},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {2nd},
  pages = {202--237}
}
Voight JR (2007), "Experimental deep-sea deployments reveal diverse Northeast Pacific wood-boring bivalves of Xylophagainae (Myoida: Pholadidae)", Journal of Molluscan Studies. Vol. 73(4), pp. 377-391.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2007,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {Experimental deep-sea deployments reveal diverse Northeast Pacific wood-boring bivalves of Xylophagainae (Myoida: Pholadidae)},
  journal = {Journal of Molluscan Studies},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {73},
  number = {4},
  pages = {377--391},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eym034},
  doi = {10.1093/mollus/eym034}
}
Waller RG, Adkins JF, Robinson LF and Shank TM (2007), "Ancient DNA techniques : applications for deep-water corals", Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol. 81(3), pp. 351-359.
BibTeX:
@article{Waller2007,
  author = {Waller, R G and Adkins, J F and Robinson, L F and Shank, T M},
  title = {Ancient DNA techniques : applications for deep-water corals},
  journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {81},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--359}
}
Williams CM (2007), "Oceanic lithosphere magnetization: marine magnetic investigations of crustal accretion and tectonic processes in mid-ocean ridge environments" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 254. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Williams2007,
  author = {Williams, C M},
  title = {Oceanic lithosphere magnetization: marine magnetic investigations of crustal accretion and tectonic processes in mid-ocean ridge environments},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {254},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2031},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2031}
}
Wootton A (2007), "So you wanna be an: Aquanaut", Popular Science. Vol. 271(3), pp. 59.
BibTeX:
@article{Wootton2007,
  author = {Wootton, A},
  title = {So you wanna be an: Aquanaut},
  journal = {Popular Science},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {271},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59},
  url = {http://www.popsci.com/physical-endurance/images/2007-08/so-you-wanna-be-aquanaut}
}
Wu HC, Chen Y, Yang CJ, Zhang JF, Zhou HY, Peng XT and Ji FW (2007), "Mechatronic integration and implementation of in situ multipoint temperature measurement for seafloor hydrothermal vent", Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences. Vol. 50(2), pp. 144-153.
BibTeX:
@article{Wu2007,
  author = {Wu, H C and Chen, Y and Yang, C J and Zhang, J F and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Ji, F W},
  title = {Mechatronic integration and implementation of in situ multipoint temperature measurement for seafloor hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {144--153},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-007-0013-5},
  doi = {10.1007/s11431-007-0013-5}
}
Yoerger DR, Bradley AM, Jakuba MV, German CR, Shank TM and Tivey M (2007), "Autonomous and remotely operated vehicle technology for hydrothermal vent discovery, exploration, and sampling", Oceanography. Vol. 20(1), pp. 152-161.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger2007,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Jakuba, M V and German, C R and Shank, T M and Tivey, M},
  title = {Autonomous and remotely operated vehicle technology for hydrothermal vent discovery, exploration, and sampling},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {152--161},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.89}
}
Yoerger DR, Bradley AM, Jakuba MV, Tivey MA, German CR, Shank TM and Embley RW (2007), "Mid-ocean ridge exploration with an autonomous underwater vehicle", Oceanography. Vol. 20(4), pp. 52-61.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger2007a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Jakuba, M V and Tivey, M A and German, C R and Shank, T M and Embley, R W},
  title = {Mid-ocean ridge exploration with an autonomous underwater vehicle},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52--61},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.05}
}
Yoerger DR, Jakuba MV, Bradley AM and Bingham B (2007), "Techniques for deep sea near bottom survey using an autonomous underwater vehicle", International Journal of Robotics Research. Vol. 26(1), pp. 41-54.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger2007b,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Bradley, A M and Bingham, B},
  title = {Techniques for deep sea near bottom survey using an autonomous underwater vehicle},
  journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--54},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-336},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_36}
}
Auchtung TA, Takacs-Vesbach CD and Cavanaugh CM (2006), "16S rRNA phylogenetic investigation of the candidate division Korarchaeota", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 72(7), pp. 5077-5082.
BibTeX:
@article{Auchtung2006,
  author = {Auchtung, T A and Takacs-Vesbach, C D and Cavanaugh, C M},
  title = {16S rRNA phylogenetic investigation of the candidate division Korarchaeota},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {72},
  number = {7},
  pages = {5077--5082},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00052-06},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.00052-06}
}
Bingham B, Mindell D, Wilcox T and Bowen A (2006), "Integrating precision relative positioning into Jason/Medea ROV operations", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 40(1), pp. 87-96.
BibTeX:
@article{Bingham2006,
  author = {Bingham, B and Mindell, D and Wilcox, T and Bowen, A},
  title = {Integrating precision relative positioning into Jason/Medea ROV operations},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--96},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353664},
  doi = {10.4031/002533206787353664}
}
Bingham B and Seering W (2006), "Hypothesis grids: Improving long baseline navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 31(1), pp. 209-218.
BibTeX:
@article{Bingham2006a,
  author = {Bingham, B and Seering, W},
  title = {Hypothesis grids: Improving long baseline navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {209--218},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2006.872220},
  doi = {10.1109/joe.2006.872220}
}
Boschi C, Fruh-Green GL, Delacour A, Karson JA and Kelley DS (2006), "Mass transfer and fluid flow during detachment faulting and development of an oceanic core complex, Atlantis Massif (MAR 30 degrees N)", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q01004.
BibTeX:
@article{Boschi2006,
  author = {Boschi, C and Fruh-Green, G L and Delacour, A and Karson, J A and Kelley, D S},
  title = {Mass transfer and fluid flow during detachment faulting and development of an oceanic core complex, Atlantis Massif (MAR 30 degrees N)},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q01004},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001074},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001074}
}
Chadwick WW (2006), "A submarine volcano is caught in the act", Science. WASHINGTON; 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA, dec, 2006. Vol. 314(5807), pp. 1887-1888. AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2006,
  author = {Chadwick, W W},
  title = {A submarine volcano is caught in the act},
  journal = {Science},
  publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {314},
  number = {5807},
  pages = {1887--1888},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1137082}
}
Christie DM and Fisher CR (2006), "Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions in Back-Arc Spreading Systems—An Introduction", In Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions. , pp. 1-4. AGU.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Christie2006,
  author = {Christie, D M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions in Back-Arc Spreading Systems—An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions},
  publisher = {AGU},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {1--4},
  doi = {10.1029/166GM02}
}
Cruse AM and Seewald JS (2006), "Geochemistry of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in hydrothermal fluids from Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 70(8), pp. 2073-2092.
BibTeX:
@article{Cruse2006,
  author = {Cruse, A M and Seewald, J S},
  title = {Geochemistry of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in hydrothermal fluids from Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {70},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2073--2092},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.015}
}
Daly M (2006), "Boloceroides daphneae, a new species of giant sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Boloceroididae) from the deep Pacific", Marine Biology. Vol. 148(6), pp. 1241-1247.
BibTeX:
@article{Daly2006,
  author = {Daly, M},
  title = {Boloceroides daphneae, a new species of giant sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Boloceroididae) from the deep Pacific},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {148},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1241--1247},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0170-7},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-005-0170-7}
}
Davis EE and Villinger HW (2006), "Transient formation fluid pressures and temperatures in the Costa Rica forearc prism and subducting oceanic basement: CORK monitoring at ODP Sites 1253 and 1255", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 245(1-2), pp. 232-244.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2006,
  author = {Davis, E E and Villinger, H W},
  title = {Transient formation fluid pressures and temperatures in the Costa Rica forearc prism and subducting oceanic basement: CORK monitoring at ODP Sites 1253 and 1255},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {245},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {232--244},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.042},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.042}
}
DeChaine EG, Bates AE, Shank TM and Cavanaugh CM (2006), "Off-axis symbiosis found: characterization and biogeography of bacterial symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels from Lost City hydrothermal vents", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 8(11), pp. 1902-1912.
BibTeX:
@article{DeChaine2006,
  author = {DeChaine, E G and Bates, A E and Shank, T M and Cavanaugh, C M},
  title = {Off-axis symbiosis found: characterization and biogeography of bacterial symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels from Lost City hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {8},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1902--1912},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.01113.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.01113.x}
}
Eickstedt DP (2006), "Adaptive sampling in autonomous marine sensor networks" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 213. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Eickstedt2006,
  author = {Eickstedt, D P},
  title = {Adaptive sampling in autonomous marine sensor networks},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {213},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1395},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1395}
}
Eltgroth SF, Adkins JF, Robinson LF, Southon J and Kashgarian M (2006), "A deep-sea coral record of North Atlantic radiocarbon through the Younger Dryas: Evidence for Intermediate/Deep Water Reorganization", Paleoceanography. Vol. 21, pp. PA4207.
BibTeX:
@article{Eltgroth2006,
  author = {Eltgroth, S F and Adkins, J F and Robinson, L F and Southon, J and Kashgarian, M},
  title = {A deep-sea coral record of North Atlantic radiocarbon through the Younger Dryas: Evidence for Intermediate/Deep Water Reorganization},
  journal = {Paleoceanography},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {PA4207},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001192},
  doi = {10.1029/2005PA001192}
}
Embley RW and Gottfried S (2006), "NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine ring of fire 2006" Silver Spring, Md. Vol. 2007 U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration.
BibTeX:
@book{Embley2006,
  author = {Embley, R W and Gottfried, S},
  title = {NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine ring of fire 2006},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {2007},
  url = {http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06fire/welcome.html}
}
Embley RW, Chadwick WW, Baker ET, Butterfield DA and Resing JA (2006), "Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano", Nature. Vol. 441(7092), pp. 494-497.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley2006a,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W and Baker, E T and Butterfield, D A and Resing, J A},
  title = {Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {441},
  number = {7092},
  pages = {494--497},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04762},
  doi = {10.1038/nature04762}
}
Flint HC, Copley JTP, Ferrero TJ and Van Dover CL (2006), "Patterns of nematode diversity at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 47(4), pp. 365-370.
Abstract: The diversity and abundance of meiofauna in quasi-quantitative samples collected from Bathymodiolus mussel beds in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) was studied with particular reference to nematodes. Copepods, polychaetes and nematodes were found to be the most abundant meiofaunal taxa at all sites processed so far. Species richness (S = 4 - 6), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H'(log e) = 0.9 - 1.5) and Pielou's eveness indices (J' = 0.5 - 0.8) were similar at all sites. Six different species of nematode were identified, both sites exhibiting a dominance of Monhystrid species. Cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarities using group-average linkage on standardised data shows that samples from Train Station and East Wall separate out at around the 45% similarity level. This separation results from the different abundances of nematode species present at both sites and the exclusive presence of Thalassomonhystera sp. B at Train Station and Anticoma sp. A at East Wall. A pot sample from a mussel bed at "Oasis" at 17 25' S on the EPR exhibits approximately 30% similarity with the NEPR samples as a result of higher abundance and species richness of nematodes. To date, meiofauna have seldom been included in ecological studies at vents and it is therefore not clear to whether patterns of faunal zonation and biogeography similar to those known in megafauna are also present in this size class. Future work may reveal possible large-scale variation in nematode species richness.
BibTeX:
@article{Flint2006,
  author = {Flint, H C and Copley, J T P and Ferrero, T J and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Patterns of nematode diversity at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {365--370}
}
Fryer P, Gharib J, Ross K, Savov I and Mottl MJ (2006), "Variability in serpentinite mudflow mechanisms and sources: ODP drilling results on Mariana forearc seamounts", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q08014.
BibTeX:
@article{Fryer2006,
  author = {Fryer, P and Gharib, J and Ross, K and Savov, I and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Variability in serpentinite mudflow mechanisms and sources: ODP drilling results on Mariana forearc seamounts},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q08014},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001201},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001201}
}
Gallant RM and Von Damm KL (2006), "Geochemical controls on hydrothermal fluids from the Kairei and Edmond Vent Fields, 23 degrees-25 degrees S, Central Indian Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q06018.
BibTeX:
@article{Gallant2006,
  author = {Gallant, R M and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Geochemical controls on hydrothermal fluids from the Kairei and Edmond Vent Fields, 23 degrees-25 degrees S, Central Indian Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q06018},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001067},
  doi = {10.1029/2005gc001067}
}
Garry WB, Gregg TKP, Soule SA and Fornari DJ (2006), "Formation of submarine lava channel textures: Insights from laboratory simulations", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 111(B3), pp. B03104.
BibTeX:
@article{Garry2006,
  author = {Garry, W B and Gregg, T K P and Soule, S A and Fornari, D J},
  title = {Formation of submarine lava channel textures: Insights from laboratory simulations},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {111},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {B03104},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003796},
  doi = {10.1029/2005jb003796}
}
German CR and Parson LM (2006), "RRS Charles Darwin Cruise 169, 17 Feb - 19 Mar 2005: Hydrothermal exploration of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge", In National Oceanography Centre Southampton Cruise Report. Southampton, UK , pp. 92. National Oceanography Centre Southampton.
BibTeX:
@book{German2006,
  author = {German, C R and Parson, L M},
  title = {RRS Charles Darwin Cruise 169, 17 Feb - 19 Mar 2005: Hydrothermal exploration of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  booktitle = {National Oceanography Centre Southampton Cruise Report},
  publisher = {National Oceanography Centre Southampton},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {92},
  url = {http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/41274/}
}
Girguis PR and Childress JJ (2006), "Metabolite uptake, stoichiometry and chemoautotrophic function of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila: responses to environmental variations in substrate concentrations and temperature", Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 209(18), pp. 3516-3528.
BibTeX:
@article{Girguis2006,
  author = {Girguis, P R and Childress, J J},
  title = {Metabolite uptake, stoichiometry and chemoautotrophic function of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila: responses to environmental variations in substrate concentrations and temperature},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {209},
  number = {18},
  pages = {3516--3528},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02404},
  doi = {10.1242/jeb.02404}
}
Gollner S, Zekely J, Van Dover CL, Govenar B, Le Bris N, Nemeschkal HL and Bright M (2006), "Benthic copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations on the East Pacific Rise", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 47(4), pp. 397-402.
Abstract: Variability in the structure of the meiobenthic copepod communities was studied among three vent sites on the East Pacific Rise. One of the sites was dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, and the other two of the sites were dominated by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to the differences in the dominant megafauna, the maximum temperatures were much lower at the mussel-dominated sites, and the temperature to sulfide ratio was different between the tubeworm-dominated sites. A total of 22 vent endemic siphonostomatoid copepod species and 5 harpacticoid copepod species were identified among the three sites. Copepod abundance was low at all sites (
BibTeX:
@article{Gollner2006,
  author = {Gollner, S and Zekely, Julia and Van Dover, C L and Govenar, B and Le Bris, N and Nemeschkal, H L and Bright, M},
  title = {Benthic copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {397--402}
}
Heesemann M, Villinger H, Jannasch HW and Kastner M (2006), "Data report: Long-term temperature measurements in holes 1253A and 1255A off Costa Rica, ODP Leg 205", In Fluid Flow and Subduction Fluxes across the Costa Rica Convergent Margin: Implications for the Seismogenic Zone and Subduction Factory. College Station, Tex. Vol. 205, pp. 1-20. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Heesemann2006,
  author = {Heesemann, M and Villinger, H and Jannasch, H W and Kastner, M},
  editor = {Morris, J D},
  title = {Data report: Long-term temperature measurements in holes 1253A and 1255A off Costa Rica, ODP Leg 205},
  booktitle = {Fluid Flow and Subduction Fluxes across the Costa Rica Convergent Margin: Implications for the Seismogenic Zone and Subduction Factory},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {205},
  pages = {1--20},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.205.209.2006},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.205.209.2006}
}
Hey RN, Massoth GJ, Vrijenhoek RC, Rona PA, Lupton J and Butterfield DA (2006), "Hydrothermal vent geology and biology at earth's fastest spreading rates", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 27(2), pp. 137-153.
BibTeX:
@article{Hey2006,
  author = {Hey, R N and Massoth, G J and Vrijenhoek, R C and Rona, P A and Lupton, J and Butterfield, D A},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent geology and biology at earth's fastest spreading rates},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {137--153},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-005-1887-x},
  doi = {10.1007/s11001-005-1887-x}
}
Huber JA, Johnson HP, Butterfield DA and Baross JA (2006), "Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 8(1), pp. 88-99.
BibTeX:
@article{Huber2006,
  author = {Huber, J A and Johnson, H P and Butterfield, D A and Baross, J A},
  title = {Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {88--99},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00872.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00872.x}
}
Johnson SB, Young CR, Jones WJ, Waren A and Vrijenhoek RC (2006), "Migration, isolation, and speciation of hydrothermal vent limpets (Gastropoda ; Lepetodrilidae) across the Blanco Transform Fault", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 210(2), pp. 140-157.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2006,
  author = {Johnson, S B and Young, C R and Jones, W J and Waren, A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Migration, isolation, and speciation of hydrothermal vent limpets (Gastropoda ; Lepetodrilidae) across the Blanco Transform Fault},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {210},
  number = {2},
  pages = {140--157},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/210/2/158}
}
Johnson HP, Baross JA and Bjorklund TA (2006), "On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean", Geofluids. Vol. 6(3), pp. 251-271.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2006a,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Baross, J A and Bjorklund, T A},
  title = {On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Geofluids},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {251--271},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00151.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00151.x}
}
Jones WJ, Won YJ, Maas PAY, Smith PJ, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2006), "Evolution of habitat use by deep-sea mussels", Marine Biology. Vol. 148(4), pp. 841-851.
BibTeX:
@article{Jones2006,
  author = {Jones, W J and Won, Y -J and Maas, P A Y and Smith, P J and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Evolution of habitat use by deep-sea mussels},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {148},
  number = {4},
  pages = {841--851},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0115-1},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-005-0115-1}
}
Karson JA, Fruh-Green GL, Kelley DS and Williams EA (2006), "Detachment shear zone of the Atlantis Massif core complex, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30 degrees N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q06016.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson2006,
  author = {Karson, J A and Fruh-Green, G L and Kelley, D S and Williams, E A},
  title = {Detachment shear zone of the Atlantis Massif core complex, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30 degrees N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q06016},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001109},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001109}
}
Kristall B, Kelley DS, Hannington MD and Delaney JR (2006), "Growth history of a diffusely venting sulfide structure from the Juan de Fuca Ridge: A petrological and geochemical study", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q07001.
BibTeX:
@article{Kristall2006,
  author = {Kristall, B and Kelley, D S and Hannington, M D and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Growth history of a diffusely venting sulfide structure from the Juan de Fuca Ridge: A petrological and geochemical study},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q07001},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001166},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GC001166}
}
Lang SQ, Butterfield DA, Lilley MD, Johnson HP and Hedges JI (2006), "Dissolved organic carbon in ridge-axis and ridge-flank hydrothermal systems", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 70(15), pp. 3830-3842.
BibTeX:
@article{Lang2006,
  author = {Lang, S Q and Butterfield, D A and Lilley, M D and Johnson, H P and Hedges, J I},
  title = {Dissolved organic carbon in ridge-axis and ridge-flank hydrothermal systems},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {70},
  number = {15},
  pages = {3830--3842},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.031},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.031}
}
Larsen K (2006), "Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats - the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific", Zootaxa. (1164), pp. 1-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Larsen2006,
  author = {Larsen, K},
  title = {Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats - the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2006},
  number = {1164},
  pages = {1--33},
  url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006/zt01164p033.pdf}
}
Le Bris N, Govenar B, LeGall C and Fisher CR (2006), "Variability of physico-chemical conditions in 9 degrees 50'N EPR diffuse flow vent habitats", Marine Chemistry. Vol. 98(2-4), pp. 167-182.
BibTeX:
@article{LeBris2006,
  author = {Le Bris, N and Govenar, B and LeGall, C and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Variability of physico-chemical conditions in 9 degrees 50'N EPR diffuse flow vent habitats},
  journal = {Marine Chemistry},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {98},
  number = {2-4},
  pages = {167--182},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.008}
}
Lehnert H, Stone R and Heimler W (2006), "New species of deep-sea demosponges (Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)", Zootaxa. (1250), pp. 1-35.
BibTeX:
@article{Lehnert2006,
  author = {Lehnert, H and Stone, R and Heimler, W},
  title = {New species of deep-sea demosponges (Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2006},
  number = {1250},
  pages = {1--35},
  url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01250p035f.pdf}
}
Levin LA, Ziebis W, Mendoza GF, Growney-Cannon V and Walther S (2006), "Recruitment response of methane-seep macrofauna to sulfide-rich sediments: An in situ experiment", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 330(1), pp. 132-150.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2006,
  author = {Levin, L A and Ziebis, W and Mendoza, G F and Growney-Cannon, V and Walther, S},
  title = {Recruitment response of methane-seep macrofauna to sulfide-rich sediments: An in situ experiment},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {330},
  number = {1},
  pages = {132--150},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.022},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.022}
}
Lippsett L (2006), "ABE the autonomous benthic explorer", Oceanus. Vol. 45(1), pp. 28-30.
BibTeX:
@article{Lippsett2006,
  author = {Lippsett, L},
  title = {ABE the autonomous benthic explorer},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28--30},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=12335&archives=true}
}
Ludwig KA, Kelley DS, Butterfield DA, Nelson BK and Fruh-Green GL (2006), "Formation and evolution of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 70(14), pp. 3625-3645.
BibTeX:
@article{Ludwig2006,
  author = {Ludwig, K A and Kelley, D S and Butterfield, D A and Nelson, B K and Fruh-Green, G L},
  title = {Formation and evolution of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {70},
  number = {14},
  pages = {3625--3645},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.016},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.016}
}
Lutz RA, Collins AG, Annis ER, Reed AJ, Bennett KF, Halanych KM and Vrijenhoek RC (2006), "Stauromedusan populations inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the southern East Pacific Rise", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 47(4), pp. 409-413.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2006,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Collins, A G and Annis, E R and Reed, A J and Bennett, K F and Halanych, K M and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Stauromedusan populations inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {409--413},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb47-4-409-413.pdf}
}
Mah CL (2006), "A new species of Xyloplax (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Concentricycloidea) from the Northeast Pacific: Comparative morphology and a reassessment of phylogeny", Invertebrate Biology. Vol. 125, pp. 136-153.
BibTeX:
@article{Mah2006,
  author = {Mah, C L},
  title = {A new species of Xyloplax (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Concentricycloidea) from the Northeast Pacific: Comparative morphology and a reassessment of phylogeny},
  journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {125},
  pages = {136--153},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2006.00048.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2006.00048.x}
}
Martinez F, Taylor B, Baker ET, Resing JA and Walker SL (2006), "Opposing trends in crustal thickness and spreading rate along the back-arc Eastern Lau Spreading Center: Implications for controls on ridge morphology, faulting, and hydrothermal activity", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 245(3-4), pp. 655-672.
BibTeX:
@article{Martinez2006,
  author = {Martinez, F and Taylor, B and Baker, E T and Resing, J A and Walker, S L},
  title = {Opposing trends in crustal thickness and spreading rate along the back-arc Eastern Lau Spreading Center: Implications for controls on ridge morphology, faulting, and hydrothermal activity},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {245},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {655--672},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.049},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.049}
}
McCliment EA, Voglesonger KM, O'Day PA, Dunn EE, Holloway JR and Cary SC (2006), "Colonization of nascent, deep-sea hydrothermal vents by a novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal assemblage", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 8(1), pp. 114-125.
BibTeX:
@article{McCliment2006,
  author = {McCliment, E A and Voglesonger, K M and O'Day, P A and Dunn, E E and Holloway, J R and Cary, S C},
  title = {Colonization of nascent, deep-sea hydrothermal vents by a novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal assemblage},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {114--125},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00874.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00874.x}
}
Nevala AE (2006), "Jason versus the volcano", Oceanus. Vol. 45(2), pp. 4-5.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2006,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {Jason versus the volcano},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  pages = {4--5},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=14507&archives=true}
}
Nevala AE (2006), "What's white, long-armed, shaggy-but not abominable?", Oceanus. Vol. 45(2), pp. 11.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2006a,
  author = {Nevala, A E},
  title = {What's white, long-armed, shaggy-but not abominable?},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=12327&archives=true}
}
Nussbaumer AD, Fisher CR and Bright M (2006), "Horizontal endosymbiont transmission in hydrothermal vent tubeworms", Nature., may, 2006. Vol. 441(7091), pp. 345-348.
BibTeX:
@article{Nussbaumer2006,
  author = {Nussbaumer, A D and Fisher, C R and Bright, M},
  title = {Horizontal endosymbiont transmission in hydrothermal vent tubeworms},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {441},
  number = {7091},
  pages = {345--348},
  doi = {10.1038/nature04793}
}
Proskurowski G, Lilley MD, Kelley DS and Olson EJ (2006), "Low temperature volatile production at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field: evidence from a hydrogen stable isotope geothermometer", Chemical Geology. Vol. 229(4), pp. 331-343.
BibTeX:
@article{Proskurowski2006,
  author = {Proskurowski, G and Lilley, M D and Kelley, D S and Olson, E J},
  title = {Low temperature volatile production at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field: evidence from a hydrogen stable isotope geothermometer},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {229},
  number = {4},
  pages = {331--343},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.005}
}
Reed AJ, Lutz RA and Vetriani C (2006), "Vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sulfide and methane-rich cold seep sediments located at the base of the Florida Escarpment", Extremophiles. Vol. 10(3), pp. 199-211.
BibTeX:
@article{Reed2006,
  author = {Reed, A J and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sulfide and methane-rich cold seep sediments located at the base of the Florida Escarpment},
  journal = {Extremophiles},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {199--211},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6},
  doi = {10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6}
}
Reysenbach AL, Liu YT, Banta AB, Beveridge TJ, Kirshtein JD, Schouten S, Tivey MK, Von Damm KL and Voytek MA (2006), "A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Nature. Vol. 442(7101), pp. 444-447.
BibTeX:
@article{Reysenbach2006,
  author = {Reysenbach, A -L and Liu, Y T and Banta, A B and Beveridge, T J and Kirshtein, J D and Schouten, S and Tivey, M K and Von Damm, K L and Voytek, M A},
  title = {A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {442},
  number = {7101},
  pages = {444--447},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04921},
  doi = {10.1038/nature04921}
}
Roberts HH, Potter JM and Wolff GA (2006), "NOAA Ocean Explorer: Expedition to the deep slope".
BibTeX:
@misc{Roberts2006,
  author = {Roberts, H H and Potter, J M and Wolff, G A},
  title = {NOAA Ocean Explorer: Expedition to the deep slope},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {2007}
}
Rona PA, Bemis KG, Jones CD, Jackson DR, Mitsuzawa K and Silver D (2006), "Entrainment and bending in a major hydrothermal plume, Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33(19), pp. L19313.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona2006,
  author = {Rona, P A and Bemis, K G and Jones, C D and Jackson, D R and Mitsuzawa, K and Silver, D},
  title = {Entrainment and bending in a major hydrothermal plume, Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {33},
  number = {19},
  pages = {L19313},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027211},
  doi = {10.1029/2006gl027211}
}
Scheirer DS, Shank TM and Fornari DJ (2006), "Temperature variations at diffuse and focused flow hydrothermal vent sites along the northern East Pacific Rise", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q03002.
BibTeX:
@article{Scheirer2006,
  author = {Scheirer, D S and Shank, T M and Fornari, D J},
  title = {Temperature variations at diffuse and focused flow hydrothermal vent sites along the northern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q03002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001094},
  doi = {10.1029/2005gc001094}
}
Tivey MA, Sager WW, Lee SM and Tominaga M (2006), "Origin of the Pacific Jurassic quiet zone", Geology. Vol. 34(9), pp. 789-792.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2006,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Sager, W W and Lee, S M and Tominaga, M},
  title = {Origin of the Pacific Jurassic quiet zone},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {34},
  number = {9},
  pages = {789--792},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g22894.1},
  doi = {10.1130/g22894.1}
}
Tolstoy M, Cowen JP, Baker ET, Fornari DJ, Rubin KH, Shank TM, Waldhauser F, Bohnenstiehl DR, Forsyth DW, Holmes RC, Love B, Perfit MR, Weekly RT, Soule SA and Glazer B (2006), "A sea-floor spreading event captured by seismometers", Science. Vol. 314(5807), pp. 1920-1922.
BibTeX:
@article{Tolstoy2006,
  author = {Tolstoy, M and Cowen, J P and Baker, E T and Fornari, D J and Rubin, K H and Shank, T M and Waldhauser, F and Bohnenstiehl, D R and Forsyth, D W and Holmes, R C and Love, B and Perfit, M R and Weekly, R T and Soule, S A and Glazer, B},
  title = {A sea-floor spreading event captured by seismometers},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {314},
  number = {5807},
  pages = {1920--1922},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133950},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1133950}
}
Underwood DP (2006), "Bathymetric and spatial distribution of echinoderms on seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska" Fairbanks, Alaska Vol. M.S., pp. 100 + 1 CD ROM-100 + 1 CD ROM. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Underwood2006,
  author = {Underwood, D P},
  title = {Bathymetric and spatial distribution of echinoderms on seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska},
  publisher = {University of Alaska, Fairbanks},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {100 + 1 CD ROM--100 + 1 CD ROM}
}
Vacelet J (2006), "New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 148(4), pp. 553-584.
BibTeX:
@article{Vacelet2006,
  author = {Vacelet, J},
  title = {New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific},
  journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {148},
  number = {4},
  pages = {553--584},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00234.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00234.x}
}
Van Dover CL (2006), "Beyond the edge of the sea: Volcanoes and life in the deep ocean", In Flad Lectures on Marine Science. Lisbon, Portugal , pp. 32. Luso-American Foundation.
BibTeX:
@book{VanDover2006,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Beyond the edge of the sea: Volcanoes and life in the deep ocean},
  booktitle = {Flad Lectures on Marine Science},
  publisher = {Luso-American Foundation},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {32}
}
Voight JR (2006), "Stauromedusae on the East Pacific Rise", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 47(4), pp. 347-352.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2006,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {Stauromedusae on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {347--352},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb47-4-347-352.pdf}
}
Waite TJ, Kraiya C, Trouwborst RE, Ma S and Luther GW (2006), "An investigation into the suitability of bismuth as an alternative to gold-amalgam as a working electrode for the in situ determination of chemical redox species in the natural environment", Electroanalysis. Vol. 18(12), pp. 1167-1172.
BibTeX:
@article{Waite2006,
  author = {Waite, T J and Kraiya, C and Trouwborst, R E and Ma, S and Luther, G W},
  title = {An investigation into the suitability of bismuth as an alternative to gold-amalgam as a working electrode for the in situ determination of chemical redox species in the natural environment},
  journal = {Electroanalysis},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1167--1172},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603519},
  doi = {10.1002/elan.200603519}
}
Wanless VD, Garcia MO, Trusdell FA, Rhodes JM, Norman MD, Weis D, Fornari DJ, Kurz MD and Guillou H (2006), "Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 7, pp. Q05001.
BibTeX:
@article{Wanless2006,
  author = {Wanless, V D and Garcia, M O and Trusdell, F A and Rhodes, J M and Norman, M D and Weis, D and Fornari, D J and Kurz, M D and Guillou, H},
  title = {Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {Q05001},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001086},
  doi = {10.1029/2005gc001086}
}
Yount L (2006), "Modern marine science: Exploring the deep", In Milestones in Discovery and Invention. New York, N.Y. , pp. 223. Chelsea House.
BibTeX:
@book{Yount2006,
  author = {Yount, L},
  title = {Modern marine science: Exploring the deep},
  booktitle = {Milestones in Discovery and Invention},
  publisher = {Chelsea House},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {223}
}
Zekely J, Van Dover CL, Nemeschkal HL and Bright M (2006), "Hydrothermal vent meiobenthos associated with mytilid mussel aggregations from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 53(8), pp. 1363-1378.
BibTeX:
@article{Zekely2006,
  author = {Zekely, J and Van Dover, C L and Nemeschkal, H L and Bright, M},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent meiobenthos associated with mytilid mussel aggregations from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {53},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1363--1378},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2006.05.010},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2006.05.010}
}
(2006), "Alvin's last ride: Sentry's first", Oceanus. Vol. 45(1), pp. 17.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin's last ride: Sentry's first},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17}
}
Auster PJ, Moore J, Heinonen K and Watling L (2005), "A habitat classification scheme for seamount landscapes: assessing the functional role of deepwater corals as fish habitat", In Cold-water corals and ecosystems. Berlin , pp. 761-769. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Auster2005,
  author = {Auster, P J and Moore, J and Heinonen, K and Watling, L},
  editor = {Freiwald, A},
  title = {A habitat classification scheme for seamount landscapes: assessing the functional role of deepwater corals as fish habitat},
  booktitle = {Cold-water corals and ecosystems},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {761--769}
}
Beatty JT, Overmann J, Lince MT, Manske AK, Lang AS, Blankenship RE, Van Dover CL, Martinson TA and Plumley GF (2005), "An obligately photosynthetic bacterial anaerobe from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 102(26), pp. 9306-9310.
BibTeX:
@article{Beatty2005,
  author = {Beatty, J T and Overmann, J and Lince, M T and Manske, A K and Lang, A S and Blankenship, R E and Van Dover, C L and Martinson, T A and Plumley, G F},
  title = {An obligately photosynthetic bacterial anaerobe from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {102},
  number = {26},
  pages = {9306--9310},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503674102},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.0503674102}
}
Blake EA and Van Dover CL (2005), "The reproductive biology of Amathys lutzi, an ampharetid polychaete from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Invertebrate Biology. Vol. 124(3), pp. 254-264.
BibTeX:
@article{Blake2005,
  author = {Blake, E A and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {The reproductive biology of Amathys lutzi, an ampharetid polychaete from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {124},
  number = {3},
  pages = {254--264},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00022.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00022.x}
}
Casanova JP and Moreau X (2005), "Calispadella alata n. gen., n. sp., the first chaetognath recorded from a hydrothermal vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)", Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 27(2), pp. 221-225.
BibTeX:
@article{Casanova2005,
  author = {Casanova, J P and Moreau, X},
  title = {Calispadella alata n. gen., n. sp., the first chaetognath recorded from a hydrothermal vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)},
  journal = {Journal of Plankton Research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--225},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh163},
  doi = {10.1093/plankt/fbh163}
}
Chadwick J, Perfit M, Ridley I, Kamenov G, Chadwick W, Embley R, le Roux P and Smith M (2005), "Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research., mar, 2005. Vol. 110(B3), pp. B03101.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2005,
  author = {Chadwick, J and Perfit, M and Ridley, I and Kamenov, G and Chadwick, W and Embley, R and le Roux, P and Smith, M},
  title = {Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {110},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {B03101},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002767}
}
Collins AG and Daly M (2005), "A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of Stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitchondrial rDNA data", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 208(3), pp. 221-230.
BibTeX:
@article{Collins2005,
  author = {Collins, A G and Daly, M},
  title = {A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of Stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitchondrial rDNA data},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {208},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--230},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/3/221}
}
Ding K, Seyfried WE, Zhang Z, Tivey MK, Von Damm KL and Bradley AM (2005), "The in situ pH of hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 237(1-2), pp. 167-174.
BibTeX:
@article{Ding2005,
  author = {Ding, K and Seyfried, W E and Zhang, Z and Tivey, M K and Von Damm, K L and Bradley, A M},
  title = {The in situ pH of hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {237},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {167--174},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.041},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.041}
}
Dreyer JC, Knick KE, Flickinger WB and Van Dover CL (2005), "Development of macrofaunal community structure in mussel beds on the northern East Pacific Rise", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 302, pp. 121-134.
BibTeX:
@article{Dreyer2005,
  author = {Dreyer, J C and Knick, K E and Flickinger, W B and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Development of macrofaunal community structure in mussel beds on the northern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {302},
  pages = {121--134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps302121},
  doi = {10.3354/meps302121}
}
Eustice RM (2005), "Large-area visually augmented navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 187. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Eustice2005,
  author = {Eustice, R M},
  title = {Large-area visually augmented navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {187},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1414},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1414}
}
Fildes J (2005), "The race to revisit the ocean depths", New Scientist. Vol. 187(2517), pp. 26-30.
BibTeX:
@article{Fildes2005,
  author = {Fildes, J},
  title = {The race to revisit the ocean depths},
  journal = {New Scientist},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {187},
  number = {2517},
  pages = {26--30},
  url = {http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18725171.200-the-race-to-revisit-the-ocean-depths.html}
}
Fleutelot C, Eissen JP, Dosso L, Juteau T, Launeau P, Bollinger C, Cotten J, Danyushevsky L and Savoyant L (2005), "Petrogenetic variability along the North-South Propagating Spreading Center of the North Fiji Basin", Mineralogy and Petrology. Vol. 83(1-2), pp. 55-86.
BibTeX:
@article{Fleutelot2005,
  author = {Fleutelot, C and Eissen, J P and Dosso, L and Juteau, T and Launeau, P and Bollinger, C and Cotten, J and Danyushevsky, L and Savoyant, L},
  title = {Petrogenetic variability along the North-South Propagating Spreading Center of the North Fiji Basin},
  journal = {Mineralogy and Petrology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {83},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {55--86},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-004-0061-5},
  doi = {10.1007/s00710-004-0061-5}
}
Flores JF, Fisher CR, Carney SL, Green BN, Freytag JK, Schaeffer SW and Royer WE (2005), "Sulfide binding is mediated by zinc ions discovered in the crystal structure of a hydrothermal vent tubeworm hemoglobin", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 102(8), pp. 2713-2718.
BibTeX:
@article{Flores2005,
  author = {Flores, J F and Fisher, C R and Carney, S L and Green, B N and Freytag, J K and Schaeffer, S W and Royer, W E},
  title = {Sulfide binding is mediated by zinc ions discovered in the crystal structure of a hydrothermal vent tubeworm hemoglobin},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {102},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2713--2718},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407455102},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.0407455102}
}
Gier EJ (2005), "The geological implications of the basalts and sediments of the Lucky Strike segment" New York, N.Y. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 244. Columbia University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Gier2005,
  author = {Gier, E J},
  title = {The geological implications of the basalts and sediments of the Lucky Strike segment},
  publisher = {Columbia University},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {244},
  url = {http://digitalcommons.libraries.columbia.edu/dissertations/AAI3188739}
}
Govenar B, Le Bris N, Gollner S, Glanville J, Aperghis AB, Hourdez S and Fisher CR (2005), "Epifaunal community structure associated with Riftia pachyptila aggregations in chemically different hydrothermal vent habitats", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 305, pp. 67-77.
BibTeX:
@article{Govenar2005,
  author = {Govenar, B and Le Bris, N and Gollner, S and Glanville, J and Aperghis, A B and Hourdez, S and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Epifaunal community structure associated with Riftia pachyptila aggregations in chemically different hydrothermal vent habitats},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {305},
  pages = {67--77},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps305067},
  doi = {10.3354/meps305067}
}
Hahlbeck E, Pospesel MA, Zal F, Childress JJ and Felbeck H (2005), "Proposed nitrate binding by hemoglobin in Riftia pachyptila blood", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 52(10), pp. 1885-1895.
BibTeX:
@article{Hahlbeck2005,
  author = {Hahlbeck, E and Pospesel, M A and Zal, F and Childress, J J and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Proposed nitrate binding by hemoglobin in Riftia pachyptila blood},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {52},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1885--1895},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.011}
}
Henscheid KL, Shin DS, Cary SC and Berglund JA (2005), "The splicing factor U2AF65 is functionally conserved in the thermotolerant deep-sea worm Alvinella pompejana", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. Vol. 1727(3), pp. 197-207.
BibTeX:
@article{Henscheid2005,
  author = {Henscheid, K L and Shin, D S and Cary, S C and Berglund, J A},
  title = {The splicing factor U2AF65 is functionally conserved in the thermotolerant deep-sea worm Alvinella pompejana},
  journal = {Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {1727},
  number = {3},
  pages = {197--207},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.01.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.01.008}
}
Hilario A, Young CM and Tyler PA (2005), "Sperm storage, internal fertilization, and embryonic dispersal in vent and seep tubeworms (Polychaeta : Siboglinidae : Vestimentifera)", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 208(1), pp. 20-28.
BibTeX:
@article{Hilario2005,
  author = {Hilario, A and Young, C M and Tyler, P A},
  title = {Sperm storage, internal fertilization, and embryonic dispersal in vent and seep tubeworms (Polychaeta : Siboglinidae : Vestimentifera)},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {208},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20--28},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/1/20}
}
Hornbach MJ, Ruppel C, Saffer DM, Van Dover CL and Holbrook WS (2005), "Coupled geophysical constraints on heat flow and fluid flux at a salt diapir", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 32(24), pp. L24617.
BibTeX:
@article{Hornbach2005,
  author = {Hornbach, M J and Ruppel, C and Saffer, D M and Van Dover, C L and Holbrook, W S},
  title = {Coupled geophysical constraints on heat flow and fluid flux at a salt diapir},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {32},
  number = {24},
  pages = {L24617},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024862},
  doi = {10.1029/2005GL024862}
}
Karson JA, Francheteau J, Gee JS, Gillis KM, Hayman NW, Hekinian R, Hey RN, Hurst SD, Klein EM, Naar DP, Varga RJ and Party PD2005S (2005), "Nested-scale investigation of tectonic windows into super-fast spread crust exposed at the Pito Deep Rift", InterRidge Newsletter. Vol. 14, pp. 5-8.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson2005,
  author = {Karson, J A and Francheteau, J and Gee, J S and Gillis, K M and Hayman, N W and Hekinian, R and Hey, R N and Hurst, S D and Klein, E M and Naar, D P and Varga, R J and Party, Pito Deep 2005 Scientific},
  title = {Nested-scale investigation of tectonic windows into super-fast spread crust exposed at the Pito Deep Rift},
  journal = {InterRidge Newsletter},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {5--8},
  url = {http://www.interridge.org/files/interridge/IRnews14.pdf}
}
Kelley DS (2005), "The Lost City Hydrothermal Field", Oceanography. Vol. 18(3), pp. 32-45.
BibTeX:
@article{Kelley2005,
  author = {Kelley, D S},
  title = {The Lost City Hydrothermal Field},
  journal = {Oceanography},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {32--45},
  doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2005.23}
}
Kelley DS, Karson JA, Fruh-Green GL, Yoerger DR, Shank TM, Butterfield DA, Hayes JM, Schrenk MO, Olson EJ, Proskurowski G, Jakuba MV, Bradley AM, Larson BI, Ludwig KA, Glickson DA, Buckman K, Bradley AS, Brazelton WJ, Roe K, Elend MJ, Delacour A, Bernasconi SM, Lilley MD, Baross JA, Summons RT and Sylva SP (2005), "A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: The lost city hydrothermal field", Science. Vol. 307(5714), pp. 1428-1434.
BibTeX:
@article{Kelley2005a,
  author = {Kelley, D S and Karson, J A and Fruh-Green, G L and Yoerger, D R and Shank, T M and Butterfield, D A and Hayes, J M and Schrenk, M O and Olson, E J and Proskurowski, G and Jakuba, M V and Bradley, A M and Larson, B I and Ludwig, K A and Glickson, D A and Buckman, K and Bradley, A S and Brazelton, W J and Roe, K and Elend, M J and Delacour, A and Bernasconi, S M and Lilley, M D and Baross, J A and Summons, R T and Sylva, S P},
  title = {A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: The lost city hydrothermal field},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {307},
  number = {5714},
  pages = {1428--1434},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102556},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1102556}
}
Komai T, Shank TM and Van Dover CL (2005), "A new species of Alvinocaris (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea : Alvinocarididae) and a new record of A. muricola from methane seeps on the Blake Ridge Diapir, Northwestern Atlantic", Zootaxa. (1019), pp. 27-42.
BibTeX:
@article{Komai2005,
  author = {Komai, T and Shank, T M and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {A new species of Alvinocaris (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea : Alvinocarididae) and a new record of A. muricola from methane seeps on the Blake Ridge Diapir, Northwestern Atlantic},
  journal = {Zootaxa},
  year = {2005},
  number = {1019},
  pages = {27--42},
  url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005/zt01019p042.pdf}
}
Kurz MD, Moreira M, Curtice J, Lott DE, Mahoney JJ and Sinton JM (2005), "Correlated helium, neon, and melt production on the super-fast spreading East Pacific Rise near 17 degrees S", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 232(1-2), pp. 125-142.
BibTeX:
@article{Kurz2005,
  author = {Kurz, M D and Moreira, M and Curtice, J and Lott, D E and Mahoney, J J and Sinton, J M},
  title = {Correlated helium, neon, and melt production on the super-fast spreading East Pacific Rise near 17 degrees S},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {232},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {125--142},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.005}
}
Lanoil BD, La Duc MT, Wright M, Kastner M, Nealson KH and Bartlett DH (2005), "Archaeal diversity in ODP legacy borehole 892b and associated seawater and sediments of the Cascadia Margin", FEMS Microbiology Ecology. Vol. 54(2), pp. 167-177.
BibTeX:
@article{Lanoil2005,
  author = {Lanoil, B D and La Duc, M T and Wright, M and Kastner, M and Nealson, K H and Bartlett, D H},
  title = {Archaeal diversity in ODP legacy borehole 892b and associated seawater and sediments of the Cascadia Margin},
  journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {54},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--177},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.015}
}
Lein AY, Peresypkin VI, Bogdanov YA and Ivanov MV (2005), "Lipids in hydrothermal sulfide ores from the 9 degrees 50' N field of the East Pacific Rise", Doklady Earth Sciences. Vol. 405(8), pp. 1231-1234.
BibTeX:
@article{Lein2005,
  author = {Lein, A Y and Peresypkin, V I and Bogdanov, Y A and Ivanov, M V},
  title = {Lipids in hydrothermal sulfide ores from the 9 degrees 50' N field of the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Doklady Earth Sciences},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {405},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1231--1234}
}
Luther GW and Rickard DT (2005), "Metal sulfide cluster complexes and their biogeochemical importance in the environment", Journal of Nanoparticle Research. Vol. 7(4-5), pp. 389-407.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2005,
  author = {Luther, G W and Rickard, D T},
  title = {Metal sulfide cluster complexes and their biogeochemical importance in the environment},
  journal = {Journal of Nanoparticle Research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {389--407},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-4272-4},
  doi = {10.1007/s11051-005-4272-4}
}
Marris E (2005), "Deep-sea biology: The life aquatic", Nature. Vol. 436(7053), pp. 908-909.
BibTeX:
@article{Marris2005,
  author = {Marris, E},
  title = {Deep-sea biology: The life aquatic},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {436},
  number = {7053},
  pages = {908--909},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/436908a},
  doi = {10.1038/436908a}
}
Martin JW and Shank TM (2005), "A new species of the shrimp genus Chorocaris (Decapoda : Caridea : Alvinocarididae) from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific Ocean", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 118(1), pp. 183-198.
BibTeX:
@article{Martin2005,
  author = {Martin, J W and Shank, T M},
  title = {A new species of the shrimp genus Chorocaris (Decapoda : Caridea : Alvinocarididae) from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1},
  pages = {183--198},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[183:ANSOTS]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[183:ANSOTS]2.0.CO;2}
}
McKiness ZP and Cavanaugh CM (2005), "The ubiquitous mussel: Bathymodiolus aff. brevior symbiosis at the Central Indian Ridge hydrothermal vents", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 295, pp. 183-190.
BibTeX:
@article{McKiness2005,
  author = {McKiness, Z P and Cavanaugh, C M},
  title = {The ubiquitous mussel: Bathymodiolus aff. brevior symbiosis at the Central Indian Ridge hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {295},
  pages = {183--190},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps295183},
  doi = {10.3354/meps295183}
}
McKiness ZP, McMullin ER, Fisher CR and Cavanaugh CM (2005), "A new bathymodioline mussel symbiosis at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents", Marine Biology. Vol. 148(1), pp. 109-116.
BibTeX:
@article{McKiness2005a,
  author = {McKiness, Z P and McMullin, E R and Fisher, C R and Cavanaugh, C M},
  title = {A new bathymodioline mussel symbiosis at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {148},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--116},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0065-7},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-005-0065-7}
}
Mills AM, Ward ME, Heyl TP and Van Dover CL (2005), "Parasitism as a potential contributor to massive clam mortality at the Blake Ridge Diapir methane-hydrate seep", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 85(6), pp. 1489-1497.
BibTeX:
@article{Mills2005,
  author = {Mills, A M and Ward, M E and Heyl, T P and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Parasitism as a potential contributor to massive clam mortality at the Blake Ridge Diapir methane-hydrate seep},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {85},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1489--1497},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405012683},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315405012683}
}
Mullineaux LS, Mills SW, Sweetman AK, Beaudreau AH, Metaxas A and Hunt HL (2005), "Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval abundance at hydrothermal vents", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 293, pp. 1-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux2005,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Mills, S W and Sweetman, A K and Beaudreau, A H and Metaxas, A and Hunt, H L},
  title = {Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval abundance at hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {293},
  pages = {1--16},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps293001},
  doi = {10.3354/meps293001}
}
Nevala AE and Lippsett L (2005), "Alvin's pilots a tight-knit group with the 'right stuff' to guide a submersible on the seafloor", Oceanus. Vol. 44(2), pp. 26-31.
BibTeX:
@article{Nevala2005,
  author = {Nevala, A E and Lippsett, L},
  title = {Alvin's pilots a tight-knit group with the 'right stuff' to guide a submersible on the seafloor},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {44},
  number = {2},
  pages = {26--31}
}
Pearson A, Seewald JS and Eglinton TI (2005), "Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 69(23), pp. 5477-5486.
BibTeX:
@article{Pearson2005,
  author = {Pearson, A and Seewald, J S and Eglinton, T I},
  title = {Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {69},
  number = {23},
  pages = {5477--5486},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007}
}
Peng XT and Zhou HY (2005), "Growth history of hydrothermal chimneys at EPR 9-10 degrees N: A structural and mineralogical study", Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences. Vol. 48(11), pp. 1891-1899.
BibTeX:
@article{Peng2005,
  author = {Peng, X T and Zhou, H Y},
  title = {Growth history of hydrothermal chimneys at EPR 9-10 degrees N: A structural and mineralogical study},
  journal = {Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {48},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1891--1899},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/04yd0029},
  doi = {10.1360/04yd0029}
}
Pflugfelder B, Fisher CR and Bright M (2005), "The color of the trophosome: elemental sulfur distribution in the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila (Vestimentifera; Siboglinidae)", Marine Biology. Vol. 146(5), pp. 895-901.
BibTeX:
@article{Pflugfelder2005,
  author = {Pflugfelder, B and Fisher, C R and Bright, M},
  title = {The color of the trophosome: elemental sulfur distribution in the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila (Vestimentifera; Siboglinidae)},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {146},
  number = {5},
  pages = {895--901},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1500-x},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-004-1500-x}
}
Phleger CF, Nelson MM, Groce AK, Cary SC, Coyne KJ, Gibson JAE and Nichols PD (2005), "Lipid biomarkers of deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaetes - Alvinella pompejana, A-caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 52(12), pp. 2333-2352.
BibTeX:
@article{Phleger2005,
  author = {Phleger, C F and Nelson, M M and Groce, A K and Cary, S C and Coyne, K J and Gibson, J A E and Nichols, P D},
  title = {Lipid biomarkers of deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaetes - Alvinella pompejana, A-caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {52},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2333--2352},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.08.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2005.08.001}
}
Phleger CF, Nelson MM, Groce AK, Cary SC, Coyne KJ and Nichols PD (2005), "Lipid composition of deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia packyptila, crabs Munidopsis subsquatnosa and Bythograea thermydron, mussels Bathymodiolus sp and limpets Lepetodrilus spp", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Vol. 141(2), pp. 196-210.
BibTeX:
@article{Phleger2005a,
  author = {Phleger, C F and Nelson, M M and Groce, A K and Cary, S C and Coyne, K J and Nichols, P D},
  title = {Lipid composition of deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia packyptila, crabs Munidopsis subsquatnosa and Bythograea thermydron, mussels Bathymodiolus sp and limpets Lepetodrilus spp},
  journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {141},
  number = {2},
  pages = {196--210},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.03.001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.03.001}
}
Pollock MA, Klein EM, Karson JA and Tivey MA (2005), "Temporal and spatial variability in the composition of lavas exposed along the Western Blanco Transform Fault", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 6, pp. Q11009.
BibTeX:
@article{Pollock2005,
  author = {Pollock, M A and Klein, E M and Karson, J A and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Temporal and spatial variability in the composition of lavas exposed along the Western Blanco Transform Fault},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {Q11009},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001026},
  doi = {10.1029/2005gc001026}
}
Pradillon F, Zbinden M, Mullineaux LS and Gaill F (2005), "Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta : Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 302, pp. 147-157.
BibTeX:
@article{Pradillon2005,
  author = {Pradillon, F and Zbinden, M and Mullineaux, L S and Gaill, F},
  title = {Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta : Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {302},
  pages = {147--157},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps302147},
  doi = {10.3354/meps302147}
}
Pradillon F, Le Bris N, Shillito B, Young CM and Gaill F (2005), "Influence of environmental conditions on early development of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana", Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 208(8), pp. 1551-1561.
BibTeX:
@article{Pradillon2005a,
  author = {Pradillon, F and Le Bris, N and Shillito, B and Young, C M and Gaill, F},
  title = {Influence of environmental conditions on early development of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {208},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1551--1561},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01567},
  doi = {10.1242/jeb.01567}
}
Roman CN (2005), "Self consistent bathymetric mapping from robotic vehicles in the deep ocean" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 129. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Roman2005,
  author = {Roman, C N},
  title = {Self consistent bathymetric mapping from robotic vehicles in the deep ocean},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {129},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1572},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1572}
}
Salerno JL, Macko SA, Hallam SJ, Bright M, Won YJ, McKiness Z and Van Dover CL (2005), "Characterization of symbiont populations in life-history stages of mussels from chemosynthetic environments", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 208(2), pp. 145-155.
BibTeX:
@article{Salerno2005,
  author = {Salerno, J L and Macko, S A and Hallam, S J and Bright, M and Won, Y -J and McKiness, Z and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Characterization of symbiont populations in life-history stages of mussels from chemosynthetic environments},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {208},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--155},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/2/145}
}
Sancho G, Fisher CR, Mills SW, Micheli F, Johnson GA, Lenihan HS, Peterson CH and Mullineaux LS (2005), "Selective predation by the zoarcid fish Thermarces cerberus at hydrothermal vents.", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 52(5), pp. 837-844.
BibTeX:
@article{Sancho2005,
  author = {Sancho, G and Fisher, C R and Mills, S W and Micheli, F and Johnson, G A and Lenihan, H S and Peterson, C H and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Selective predation by the zoarcid fish Thermarces cerberus at hydrothermal vents.},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {52},
  number = {5},
  pages = {837--844},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.002}
}
Soule SA, Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Tivey MA, Ridley WI and Schouten H (2005), "Channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees-10 degrees N: The importance of off-axis lava transport in developing the architecture of young oceanic crust", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 6, pp. Q08005.
BibTeX:
@article{Soule2005,
  author = {Soule, S A and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Tivey, M A and Ridley, W I and Schouten, H},
  title = {Channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees-10 degrees N: The importance of off-axis lava transport in developing the architecture of young oceanic crust},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {Q08005},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc000912},
  doi = {10.1029/2005gc000912}
}
Stewart MA, Karson JA and Klein EM (2005), "Four-dimensional upper crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges: A perspective from an upper crustal cross-section at the Hess Deep Rift", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 144(1-4), pp. 287-309.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart2005,
  author = {Stewart, M A and Karson, J A and Klein, E M},
  title = {Four-dimensional upper crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges: A perspective from an upper crustal cross-section at the Hess Deep Rift},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {144},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {287--309},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026}
}
Valentine DL, Kastner M, Wardlaw GD, Wang XC, Purdy A and Bartlett DH (2005), "Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 110(G2), pp. G02005.
BibTeX:
@article{Valentine2005,
  author = {Valentine, D L and Kastner, M and Wardlaw, G D and Wang, X C and Purdy, A and Bartlett, D H},
  title = {Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {110},
  number = {G2},
  pages = {G02005},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000025},
  doi = {10.1029/2005JG000025}
}
Van Dover CL and Doerries MB (2005), "Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow- and fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges", Marine Ecology. Vol. 26(2), pp. 110-120.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2005,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Doerries, M B},
  title = {Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow- and fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {110--120},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00047.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00047.x}
}
Vetriani C, Chew YS, Miller SM, Yagi J, Coombs J, Lutz TA and Barkay T (2005), "Mercury adaptation among bacteria from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 71(1), pp. 220-226.
BibTeX:
@article{Vetriani2005,
  author = {Vetriani, C and Chew, Y S and Miller, S M and Yagi, J and Coombs, J and Lutz, T A and Barkay, T},
  title = {Mercury adaptation among bacteria from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {220--226},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005}
}
Voight JR (2005), "First report of the enigmatic echinoderm Xyloplax from the North Pacific", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 208(2), pp. 77-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2005,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {First report of the enigmatic echinoderm Xyloplax from the North Pacific},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {208},
  number = {2},
  pages = {77--80},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/208/2/77}
}
Voight JR (2005), "Hydrothermal vent octopus, Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feeds on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 85(4), pp. 985-988.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2005a,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent octopus, Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feeds on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {85},
  number = {4},
  pages = {985--988},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011999},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315405011999}
}
Voordeckers JW, Starovoytov V and Vetriani C (2005), "Caminibacter mediiatlanticus sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Vol. 55(2), pp. 773-779.
BibTeX:
@article{Voordeckers2005,
  author = {Voordeckers, J W and Starovoytov, V and Vetriani, C},
  title = {Caminibacter mediiatlanticus sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {773--779},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63430-0},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63430-0}
}
Wheat CG and McManus J (2005), "The potential role of ridge-flank hydrothermal systems on oceanic germanium and silicon balances", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 69(8), pp. 2021-2029.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2005,
  author = {Wheat, C G and McManus, J},
  title = {The potential role of ridge-flank hydrothermal systems on oceanic germanium and silicon balances},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {69},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2021--2029},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.046},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.046}
}
Wichers S (2005), "Verification of numerical models for hydrothermal plume water through field measurements at TAG" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. M.S., pp. 75. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Wichers2005,
  author = {Wichers, S},
  title = {Verification of numerical models for hydrothermal plume water through field measurements at TAG},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {75},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1640},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1640}
}
Becker K, Davis EE, Spiess FN and DeMoustier CP (2004), "Temperature and video logs from the upper oceanic crust, Holes 504B and 896A, Costa Rica Rift flank: implications for the permeability of upper oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 222(3-4), pp. 881-896.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2004,
  author = {Becker, K and Davis, E E and Spiess, F N and DeMoustier, C P},
  title = {Temperature and video logs from the upper oceanic crust, Holes 504B and 896A, Costa Rica Rift flank: implications for the permeability of upper oceanic crust},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {222},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {881--896},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.033},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.033}
}
Childress JJ, Fisher CR, Felbeck H, Girguis P and Girguis PR (2004), "On the edge of a deep biosphere: Real animals in extreme environments", In Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges. , pp. 41-49. AGU.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Childress2004,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Felbeck, H and Girguis, P and Girguis, P R},
  title = {On the edge of a deep biosphere: Real animals in extreme environments},
  booktitle = {Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {AGU},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {41--49},
  doi = {10.1029/144GM04}
}
Dahlgren T, Glover AG, Baco AR and Smith CR (2004), "Fauna of whale falls: Systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean.", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 51(12), pp. 1873-1887.
BibTeX:
@article{Dahlgren2004,
  author = {Dahlgren, T and Glover, A G and Baco, A R and Smith, C R},
  title = {Fauna of whale falls: Systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean.},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {51},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1873--1887},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.017},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.017}
}
Davis EE, Becker K, Dziak RP, Cassidy JF, Wang K and Lilley M (2004), "Hydrological response to a seafloor spreading episode on the Juan de Fuca ridge", Nature. Vol. 430, pp. 335-338.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2004,
  author = {Davis, E E and Becker, K and Dziak, R P and Cassidy, J F and Wang, K and Lilley, M},
  title = {Hydrological response to a seafloor spreading episode on the Juan de Fuca ridge},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {430},
  pages = {335--338},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02755},
  doi = {10.1038/nature02755}
}
Davis EE, Becker K and He J (2004), "Costa Rica Rift revisited: Constraints on shallow and deep hydrothermal circulation in young oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 222(3-4), pp. 863-879.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2004a,
  author = {Davis, E E and Becker, K and He, J},
  title = {Costa Rica Rift revisited: Constraints on shallow and deep hydrothermal circulation in young oceanic crust},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {222},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {863--879},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.032},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.032}
}
Debenham NJ, Lambshead PJD, Ferrero TJ and Smith CR (2004), "The impact of whale falls on nematode abundance in the deep sea", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 51(5), pp. 701-706.
BibTeX:
@article{Debenham2004,
  author = {Debenham, N J and Lambshead, P J D and Ferrero, T J and Smith, C R},
  title = {The impact of whale falls on nematode abundance in the deep sea},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {51},
  number = {5},
  pages = {701--706},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.02.004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.02.004}
}
Di Meo-Savoie CA, Luther GW and Cary SC (2004), "Physicochemical characterization of the microhabitat of the epibionts associated with Alvinella pompejana, a hydrothermal vent annelid", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 68(9), pp. 2055-2066.
BibTeX:
@article{DiMeo-Savoie2004,
  author = {Di Meo-Savoie, C A and Luther, G W and Cary, S C},
  title = {Physicochemical characterization of the microhabitat of the epibionts associated with Alvinella pompejana, a hydrothermal vent annelid},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {68},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2055--2066},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.039},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.039}
}
Dreyer J, Miura T and Van Dover CL (2004), "Vesicomyicola trifurcata, a new genus and species of commensal polychaete (Annelida:Polychaeta:Nautiliniellidae) found in deep-sea clams from the Blake Ridge cold seep", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 117(1), pp. 106-113.
BibTeX:
@article{Dreyer2004,
  author = {Dreyer, J and Miura, T and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Vesicomyicola trifurcata, a new genus and species of commensal polychaete (Annelida:Polychaeta:Nautiliniellidae) found in deep-sea clams from the Blake Ridge cold seep},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1},
  pages = {106--113}
}
Fornari DJ, Tivey MA, Schouten H, Perfit MR, Yoerger DR, Bradley AM, Edwards MH, Haymon R, Schreirer DS, Von Damm KL, Shank TM and Soule A (2004), "Submarine lava flow emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50'N: Implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid circulation", In Mid-ocean ridges: hydrothermal interactions between the lithosphere and ocean. Washington, D.C. (148), pp. 187-217. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fornari2004,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Tivey, M A and Schouten, H and Perfit, M R and Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Edwards, M H and Haymon, R and Schreirer, D S and Von Damm, K L and Shank, T M and Soule, A},
  editor = {German, C R},
  title = {Submarine lava flow emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50'N: Implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid circulation},
  booktitle = {Mid-ocean ridges: hydrothermal interactions between the lithosphere and ocean},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2004},
  number = {148},
  pages = {187--217}
}
Fornari DJ (2004), "Realizing the dreams of da Vinci and Verne: a diverse fleet of innovative deep-submergence vehicles heralds a new era of ocean exploration", Oceanus. Vol. 42(2), pp. 20-24.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari2004a,
  author = {Fornari, D J},
  title = {Realizing the dreams of da Vinci and Verne: a diverse fleet of innovative deep-submergence vehicles heralds a new era of ocean exploration},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {42},
  number = {2},
  pages = {20--24}
}
Gallager SM, Yamazaki H and Davis CS (2004), "Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 267, pp. 27-43.
BibTeX:
@article{Gallager2004,
  author = {Gallager, S M and Yamazaki, H and Davis, C S},
  title = {Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {267},
  pages = {27--43},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps267027},
  doi = {10.3354/meps267027}
}
German CR and Von Damm KL (2004), "Hydrothermal processes", In Treatise on geochemistry. New York Vol. 6, pp. 181-222. Elsevier.
BibTeX:
@incollection{German2004,
  author = {German, C R and Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Turekian, K K},
  title = {Hydrothermal processes},
  booktitle = {Treatise on geochemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {181--222}
}
Goffredi SK, Paull CK, Fulton-Bennett K, Hurtado LA and Vrijenhoek RC (2004), "Unusual benthic fauna associated with a whale fall in Monterey Canyon, California", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers., oct, 2004. Vol. 51(10), pp. 1295-1306.
BibTeX:
@article{Goffredi2004,
  author = {Goffredi, S K and Paull, C K and Fulton-Bennett, K and Hurtado, L A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Unusual benthic fauna associated with a whale fall in Monterey Canyon, California},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {51},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1295--1306},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.009}
}
Goffredi SK, Waren A, Orphan VJ, Van Dover CL and Vrijenhoek RC (2004), "Novel forms of structural integration between microbes and a hydrothermal vent gastropod from the Indian Ocean", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 70(5), pp. 3082-3090.
BibTeX:
@article{Goffredi2004a,
  author = {Goffredi, S K and Waren, A and Orphan, V J and Van Dover, C L and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Novel forms of structural integration between microbes and a hydrothermal vent gastropod from the Indian Ocean},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {70},
  number = {5},
  pages = {3082--3090},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.3082-3090.2004},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.5.3082-3090.2004}
}
Govenar B, Freeman M, Bergquist DC, Johnson GA and Fisher CR (2004), "Composition of a One-Year-Old Riftia pachyptila Community Following a Clearance Experiment: Insight to Succession Patterns at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 207(3), pp. 177-182.
BibTeX:
@article{Govenar2004,
  author = {Govenar, B and Freeman, M and Bergquist, D C and Johnson, G A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Composition of a One-Year-Old Riftia pachyptila Community Following a Clearance Experiment: Insight to Succession Patterns at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {207},
  number = {3},
  pages = {177--182},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1543204}
}
Hunt HL, Metaxas A, Jennings RL, Halanych KM and Mullineaux LS (2004), "Testing biological control of colonization by vestimentiferan tubeworms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents (East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50'N)", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 51(2), pp. 225-234.
BibTeX:
@article{Hunt2004,
  author = {Hunt, H L and Metaxas, A and Jennings, R L and Halanych, K M and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Testing biological control of colonization by vestimentiferan tubeworms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents (East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50'N)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {225--234},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2003.10.008},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2003.10.008}
}
Hurst SD and Karson JA (2004), "Side-scan sonar along the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Processing, texture analysis, and geologic ground truth on an oceanic escarpment", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 109(B2), pp. B02107.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurst2004,
  author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A},
  title = {Side-scan sonar along the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Processing, texture analysis, and geologic ground truth on an oceanic escarpment},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {109},
  number = {B2},
  pages = {B02107},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002116},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB002116}
}
Hurtado LA, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2004), "Distinct patterns of genetic differentiation among annelids of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents", Molecular Ecology. Vol. 13(9), pp. 2603-2615.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurtado2004,
  author = {Hurtado, L A and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Distinct patterns of genetic differentiation among annelids of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {13},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2603--2615},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02287.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02287.x}
}
Kicklighter CE, Fisher CR and Hay ME (2004), "Chemical defense of hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep organisms: a preliminary assessment using shallow-water consumers", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 275, pp. 11-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Kicklighter2004,
  author = {Kicklighter, C E and Fisher, C R and Hay, M E},
  title = {Chemical defense of hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep organisms: a preliminary assessment using shallow-water consumers},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {275},
  pages = {11--19},
  doi = {10.3354/meps275011}
}
Luther GW (2004), "Activation of diatomic and triatomic molecules for the synthesis of organic compounds: Metal catalysis at the subseafloor biosphere", In Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Washington, D.C. (144), pp. 191-197. American Geophyical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Luther2004,
  author = {Luther, G W},
  editor = {Wilcock, W S D},
  title = {Activation of diatomic and triatomic molecules for the synthesis of organic compounds: Metal catalysis at the subseafloor biosphere},
  booktitle = {Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophyical Union},
  year = {2004},
  number = {144},
  pages = {191--197}
}
Luther GW (2004), "Kinetics of the reactions of water, hydroxide ion and sulfide species with CO2, OCS and CS2: Frontier molecular orbital considerations", Aquatic Geochemistry. Vol. 10(1-2), pp. 81-97.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2004a,
  author = {Luther, G W},
  title = {Kinetics of the reactions of water, hydroxide ion and sulfide species with CO2, OCS and CS2: Frontier molecular orbital considerations},
  journal = {Aquatic Geochemistry},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {81--97},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AQUA.0000038957.18584.b0},
  doi = {10.1023/B:AQUA.0000038957.18584.b0}
}
Lutz RA (2004), "Exploring volcanoes of the deep sea", Asian Geographic Magazine. Vol. 25(3), pp. 26-35.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2004,
  author = {Lutz, R A},
  title = {Exploring volcanoes of the deep sea},
  journal = {Asian Geographic Magazine},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {25},
  number = {3},
  pages = {26--35}
}
Malakoff D (2004), "NSF takes the plung on a bigger, faster research sub", Science. Vol. 305(5686), pp. 926-927.
BibTeX:
@article{Malakoff2004,
  author = {Malakoff, D},
  title = {NSF takes the plung on a bigger, faster research sub},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {305},
  number = {5686},
  pages = {926--927},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.305.5686.926a},
  doi = {10.1126/science.305.5686.926a}
}
Mathez EA and Webster JD (2004), "The earth machine: The science of a dynamic planet" New York, N.Y. , pp. 378. Columbia University Press.
BibTeX:
@book{Mathez2004,
  author = {Mathez, E A and Webster, J D},
  title = {The earth machine: The science of a dynamic planet},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {378}
}
Mottl MA, Wheat CG, Fryer P, Gharib J and Martin JB (2004), "Chemistry of springs across the Mariana forearc shows progressive devolatilization of the subducting plate", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 68(23), pp. 4915-4933.
BibTeX:
@article{Mottl2004,
  author = {Mottl, M A and Wheat, C G and Fryer, P and Gharib, J and Martin, J B},
  title = {Chemistry of springs across the Mariana forearc shows progressive devolatilization of the subducting plate},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {68},
  number = {23},
  pages = {4915--4933},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.037},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.037}
}
Raulfs EC, Macko SA and Van Dover CL (2004), "Tissue and symbiont condition of mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus) exposed to varying levels of hydrothermal activity", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 84(1), pp. 229-234.
BibTeX:
@article{Raulfs2004,
  author = {Raulfs, E C and Macko, S A and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Tissue and symbiont condition of mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus) exposed to varying levels of hydrothermal activity},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {84},
  number = {1},
  pages = {229--234},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315404009087h},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315404009087h}
}
Robinson CA, Bernhard JM, Levin LA, Mendoza GF and Blanks JK (2004), "Surficial hydrocarbon seep infauna from the Blake Ridge (Atlantic Ocean, 2150 m) and the Gulf of Mexico (690–2240 m)", Marine Ecology. Vol. 25(4), pp. 313-336.
BibTeX:
@article{Robinson2004,
  author = {Robinson, C A and Bernhard, J M and Levin, L A and Mendoza, G F and Blanks, J K},
  title = {Surficial hydrocarbon seep infauna from the Blake Ridge (Atlantic Ocean, 2150 m) and the Gulf of Mexico (690–2240 m)},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {25},
  number = {4},
  pages = {313--336},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2004.00034.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2004.00034.x}
}
Rona PA (2004), "Secret survivor", Natural History. Vol. 113(7), pp. 50-55.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona2004,
  author = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Secret survivor},
  journal = {Natural History},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {113},
  number = {7},
  pages = {50--55},
  url = {http://nhmag.com/0904/0904feature.html}
}
Rouse GW, Goffredi SK and Vrijenhoek RC (2004), "Osedax: Bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males", Science. Vol. 305(5684), pp. 668-671.
BibTeX:
@article{Rouse2004,
  author = {Rouse, G W and Goffredi, S K and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Osedax: Bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {305},
  number = {5684},
  pages = {668--671},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1098650},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1098650}
}
Schrenk MO, Kelley DS, Bolton SA and Baross JA (2004), "Low archaeal diversity linked to subseafloor geochemical processes at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 6(10), pp. 1086-1095.
BibTeX:
@article{Schrenk2004,
  author = {Schrenk, M O and Kelley, D S and Bolton, S A and Baross, J A},
  title = {Low archaeal diversity linked to subseafloor geochemical processes at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {6},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1086--1095},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00650.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00650.x}
}
Schroeder TJ and John BE (2004), "Strain localization on an oceanic detachment fault system, Atlantis Massif, 30 degrees N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 5, pp. Article no. Q11007.
BibTeX:
@article{Schroeder2004,
  author = {Schroeder, T J and John, B E},
  title = {Strain localization on an oceanic detachment fault system, Atlantis Massif, 30 degrees N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {Article no. Q11007},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000728},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GC000728}
}
Schuller D, Kadko D and Smith CR (2004), "Use of 210Pb/226Ra disequilibria in the dating of deep-sea whale falls", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 218(3-4), pp. 277-289.
BibTeX:
@article{Schuller2004,
  author = {Schuller, D and Kadko, D and Smith, C R},
  title = {Use of 210Pb/226Ra disequilibria in the dating of deep-sea whale falls},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {218},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {277--289},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00690-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00690-3}
}
Sheader M, Van Dover CL and Thurston MH (2004), "Reproductive Ecology of Bouvierella curtirama (Amphipoda:Eusiridae) from chemically distinct vents in the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Marine Biology. Vol. 144(3), pp. 503-514.
BibTeX:
@article{Sheader2004,
  author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L and Thurston, M H},
  title = {Reproductive Ecology of Bouvierella curtirama (Amphipoda:Eusiridae) from chemically distinct vents in the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {144},
  number = {3},
  pages = {503--514},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1211-8},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-003-1211-8}
}
Smith PJ, McVeagh SM, Won YJ and Vrijenhoek RC (2004), "Genetic heterogeneity among New Zealand species of hydrothermal vent mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus)", Marine Biology. Vol. 144(3), pp. 537-545.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2004,
  author = {Smith, P J and McVeagh, S M and Won, Y -J and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Genetic heterogeneity among New Zealand species of hydrothermal vent mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus)},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {144},
  number = {3},
  pages = {537--545},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1207-4},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-003-1207-4}
}
Terlizzi CM, Ward ME and Van Dover CL (2004), "Observations on parasitism in deep-sea hydrothermal vent and seep limpets", Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Vol. 62(1-2), pp. 17-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Terlizzi2004,
  author = {Terlizzi, C M and Ward, M E and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Observations on parasitism in deep-sea hydrothermal vent and seep limpets},
  journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {17--26},
  url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/62/d062p017.pdf},
  doi = {10.3354/dao062017}
}
Tivey MK (2004), "The remarkable diversity of seafloor vents: Continuing explorations reveal an increasing variety of hydrothermal systems", Oceanus. Vol. 42(2), pp. 60-65.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2004,
  author = {Tivey, M K},
  title = {The remarkable diversity of seafloor vents: Continuing explorations reveal an increasing variety of hydrothermal systems},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {42},
  number = {2},
  pages = {60--65}
}
Turnipseed M, Jenkins CD and Van Dover CL (2004), "Community structure in Florida Escarpment seep and Snake Pit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) vent mussel beds", Marine Biology. Vol. 145(1), pp. 121-132.
BibTeX:
@article{Turnipseed2004,
  author = {Turnipseed, M and Jenkins, C D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Community structure in Florida Escarpment seep and Snake Pit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) vent mussel beds},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {145},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121--132},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1304-z},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-004-1304-z}
}
Van Dover CL and Lutz RA (2004), "Experimental ecology at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a perspective", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 300(1-2), pp. 273-307.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2004,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Experimental ecology at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a perspective},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {300},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {273--307},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.12.024},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2003.12.024}
}
Varga RJ, Karson JA and Gee JS (2004), "Paleomagnetic constraints on deformation models for uppermost oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for axial processes at the East Pacific Rise", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 109(B2), pp. B02104.
BibTeX:
@article{Varga2004,
  author = {Varga, R J and Karson, J A and Gee, J S},
  title = {Paleomagnetic constraints on deformation models for uppermost oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for axial processes at the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {109},
  number = {B2},
  pages = {B02104},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002486},
  doi = {10.1029/2003JB002486}
}
Vetriani C, Speck MD, Ellor SV, Lutz RA and Starovoytov V (2004), "Thermovibrio ammonificans sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.", International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Vol. 54(1), pp. 175-181.
BibTeX:
@article{Vetriani2004,
  author = {Vetriani, C and Speck, M D and Ellor, S V and Lutz, R A and Starovoytov, V},
  title = {Thermovibrio ammonificans sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.},
  journal = {International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {175--181},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02781-0},
  doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.02781-0}
}
Walden BB and Brown RS (2004), "A replacement for the Alvin submersible", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 38(2), pp. 85-91.
BibTeX:
@article{Walden2004,
  author = {Walden, B B and Brown, R S},
  title = {A replacement for the Alvin submersible},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {85--91},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522721},
  doi = {10.4031/002533204787522721}
}
Ward ME, Shields JD and Van Dover CL (2004), "Parasitism in species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) mussels from deep-sea seep and hydrothermal vents", Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Vol. 62(1), pp. 1-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Ward2004,
  author = {Ward, M E and Shields, J D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Parasitism in species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) mussels from deep-sea seep and hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--16},
  url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/62/d062p001.pdf},
  doi = {10.3354/dao062001}
}
Wheat CG, Jannasch HW, Kastner M, Plant JN, DeCarlo EH and Lebon G (2004), "Venting formation fluids from deep sea boreholes in a ridge flank setting: ODP Sites 1025 and 1026", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 5(8), pp. Article no. Q08007.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2004,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Jannasch, H W and Kastner, M and Plant, J N and DeCarlo, E H and Lebon, G},
  title = {Venting formation fluids from deep sea boreholes in a ridge flank setting: ODP Sites 1025 and 1026},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {Article no. Q08007},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000710},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GC000710}
}
Wheat CG, Mottl MJ, Fisher AT, Kadko D, Davis EE, Baker ET, Mullineaux LS, Peterson CH, Micheli F and Mills SW (2004), "Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 5, pp. Article no. Q12006.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2004a,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J and Fisher, A T and Kadko, D and Davis, E E and Baker, E T and Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Micheli, F and Mills, S W},
  title = {Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {Article no. Q12006},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000700},
  doi = {10.1029/2004GC000700}
}
Wilson J (2004), "Going 4 miles underwater: A next-generation 'Alvin' submersible will take ocean exploration to new depths", Popular Mechanics. Vol. 181(11), pp. 30,32.
BibTeX:
@article{Wilson2004,
  author = {Wilson, J},
  title = {Going 4 miles underwater: A next-generation 'Alvin' submersible will take ocean exploration to new depths},
  journal = {Popular Mechanics},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {181},
  number = {11},
  pages = {30,32},
  url = {http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/1303036.html?page=1}
}
Wirsen CO (2004), "Is life thriving deep beneath the seafloor? Recent discoveries hint at a potentially huge and diverse subsurface biosphere", Oceanus. Vol. 42(2), pp. 72-77.
BibTeX:
@article{Wirsen2004,
  author = {Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Is life thriving deep beneath the seafloor? Recent discoveries hint at a potentially huge and diverse subsurface biosphere},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {42},
  number = {2},
  pages = {72--77}
}
Baco AR and Smith CR (2003), "High species richness in deep-sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 260, pp. 109-114.
BibTeX:
@article{Baco2003,
  author = {Baco, A R and Smith, C R},
  title = {High species richness in deep-sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {260},
  pages = {109--114},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps260109},
  doi = {10.3354/meps260109}
}
Beard BL, Johnson CM, Von Damm KL and Poulson RL (2003), "Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in oxygenated Earth oceans", Geology. Vol. 31(7), pp. 629-632.
BibTeX:
@article{Beard2003,
  author = {Beard, B L and Johnson, C M and Von Damm, K L and Poulson, R L},
  title = {Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in oxygenated Earth oceans},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {31},
  number = {7},
  pages = {629--632},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031%3C0629:IICOFC%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0629:IICOFC>2.0.CO;2}
}
Becker K and Davis EE (2003), "New evidence for age variation and scale effects of permeabilities of young oceanic crust from borehole thermal and pressure measurements", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 210(3-4), pp. 499-508.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2003,
  author = {Becker, K and Davis, E E},
  title = {New evidence for age variation and scale effects of permeabilities of young oceanic crust from borehole thermal and pressure measurements},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {210},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {499--508},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00160-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00160-2}
}
Bingham BS (2003), "Precision autonomous underwater navigation" Cambridge, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 185. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Bingham2003,
  author = {Bingham, B S},
  title = {Precision autonomous underwater navigation},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {185},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29629}
}
(2003), "Related facility needs for an ocean observatories network", In Enabling Ocean Research in the 21st Century: Implementation of a Network of Ocean Observatories. Washington, D.C. , pp. 138-156. National Academies Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Board2003,,
  editor = {Board, Ocean Studies},
  title = {Related facility needs for an ocean observatories network},
  booktitle = {Enabling Ocean Research in the 21st Century: Implementation of a Network of Ocean Observatories},
  publisher = {National Academies Press},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {138--156},
  url = {http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?recordid=10775&page=138}
}
(2003), "Ocean research technologies", In Exploration of the Seas: Voyage into the Unknown. Washington, D.C. , pp. 97-127. National Academies Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Board2003a,,
  editor = {Board, Ocean Studies},
  title = {Ocean research technologies},
  booktitle = {Exploration of the Seas: Voyage into the Unknown},
  publisher = {National Academies Press},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {97--127},
  url = {http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?recordid=10844&page=97}
}
Carbotte SM, Ryan WB, Cormier MH, Jin W, Bergmanis EC, Sinton J and White S (2003), "Magmatic subsidence of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 18 degrees14'S revealed through fault restoration of ridge crest bathymetry", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 4(1), pp. Article no. 1008.
BibTeX:
@article{Carbotte2003,
  author = {Carbotte, S M and Ryan, W B and Cormier, M -H and Jin, W and Bergmanis, E C and Sinton, J and White, S},
  title = {Magmatic subsidence of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 18 degrees14'S revealed through fault restoration of ridge crest bathymetry},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {Article no. 1008},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000337},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000337}
}
Copley JTP, Tyler PA, Van Dover CL and Philip SJ (2003), "Spatial variation in the reproductive development of Paralvinella palmiformis (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae) from the High Rise vent field (Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge): Relation to a successional mosaic model", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 255, pp. 171-181.
BibTeX:
@article{Copley2003,
  author = {Copley, J T P and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L and Philip, S J},
  title = {Spatial variation in the reproductive development of Paralvinella palmiformis (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae) from the High Rise vent field (Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge): Relation to a successional mosaic model},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {255},
  pages = {171--181},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps255171},
  doi = {10.3354/meps255171}
}
Cormier MH, Ryan WBF, Shah AK, Lin WA, Bradley AM and Yoerger DR (2003), "Waxing and waning volcanism along the East Pacific Rise on the millennium time scale", Geology. Vol. 31(7), pp. 633-636.
BibTeX:
@article{Cormier2003,
  author = {Cormier, M -H and Ryan, W B F and Shah, A K and Lin, W A and Bradley, A M and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Waxing and waning volcanism along the East Pacific Rise on the millennium time scale},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {31},
  number = {7},
  pages = {633--636},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031%3C0633:WAWVAT%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0633:WAWVAT>2.0.CO;2}
}
Davis EE, Wang K, Becker K, Thomson RE and Yashayaev I (2003), "Deep-ocean temperature variations and implications for errors in seafloor heat flow determinations", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B1), pp. Article no. 2034.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2003,
  author = {Davis, E E and Wang, K and Becker, K and Thomson, R E and Yashayaev, I},
  title = {Deep-ocean temperature variations and implications for errors in seafloor heat flow determinations},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B1},
  pages = {Article no. 2034},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001695},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001695}
}
Demopoulos AWJ, Smith CR, DeMaster DJ and Fornes WL (2003), "Evaluation of excess 234Th activity in sediments as an indicator of food quality for deep-sea deposit feeders", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 61(2), pp. 267-284.
BibTeX:
@article{Demopoulos2003,
  author = {Demopoulos, A W J and Smith, C R and DeMaster, D J and Fornes, W L},
  title = {Evaluation of excess 234Th activity in sediments as an indicator of food quality for deep-sea deposit feeders},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {267--284},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224003322005096},
  doi = {10.1357/002224003322005096}
}
Doerries MB and Van Dover CL (2003), "Higher-taxon richness as a surrogate for species richness in chemosynthetic communities", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 50(6), pp. 749-755.
BibTeX:
@article{Doerries2003,
  author = {Doerries, M B and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Higher-taxon richness as a surrogate for species richness in chemosynthetic communities},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {50},
  number = {6},
  pages = {749--755},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00052-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00052-9}
}
Dziak RP, Chadwick WW, Fox CG and Embley RW (2003), "Hydrothermal temperature changes at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge associated with MW 6.2 Blanco Transform earthquake", Geology. Vol. 31(2), pp. 119-122.
BibTeX:
@article{Dziak2003,
  author = {Dziak, R P and Chadwick, W W and Fox, C G and Embley, R W},
  title = {Hydrothermal temperature changes at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge associated with MW 6.2 Blanco Transform earthquake},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {31},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--122},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031%3C0119:HTCATS%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0119:HTCATS>2.0.CO;2}
}
Engels J, Edwards MH, Fornari DJ, Perfit MR and Cann JR (2003), "A new model for submarine volcanic collapse formation", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 4(9), pp. Article no. 1077.
BibTeX:
@article{Engels2003,
  author = {Engels, J and Edwards, M H and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Cann, J R},
  title = {A new model for submarine volcanic collapse formation},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {4},
  number = {9},
  pages = {Article no. 1077},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000483},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000483}
}
Fornari DJ, Gray R, Olsson M and Von Damm KL (2003), "High-T hydrothermal vent monitoring at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50'N and a new, improved 64k memory high-T vent fluid temperature logger", Ridge 2000 Events. Vol. 1(1), pp. 21-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari2003,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Gray, R and Olsson, M and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {High-T hydrothermal vent monitoring at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50'N and a new, improved 64k memory high-T vent fluid temperature logger},
  journal = {Ridge 2000 Events},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--25},
  url = {http://www.ridge2000.org/science/downloads/newsletters/R2KNews0403.pdf}
}
Fruh-Green GL, Kelley DS, Bernasconi SM, Karson JA, Ludwig KA, Butterfield DA, Boschi C and Proskurowski G (2003), "30,000 years of hydrothermal activity at the Lost City vent field", Science. Vol. 301(5632), pp. 495-498.
BibTeX:
@article{Fruh-Green2003,
  author = {Fruh-Green, G L and Kelley, D S and Bernasconi, S M and Karson, J A and Ludwig, K A and Butterfield, D A and Boschi, C and Proskurowski, G},
  title = {30,000 years of hydrothermal activity at the Lost City vent field},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {301},
  number = {5632},
  pages = {495--498},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1085582},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1085582}
}
Glover AG and Smith CR (2003), "The deep-sea floor ecosystem: Current status and prospects of anthropogenic change by the year 2025", Environmental Conservation. Vol. 30(3), pp. 219-241.
BibTeX:
@article{Glover2003,
  author = {Glover, A G and Smith, C R},
  title = {The deep-sea floor ecosystem: Current status and prospects of anthropogenic change by the year 2025},
  journal = {Environmental Conservation},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {219--241},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892903000225},
  doi = {10.1017/S0376892903000225}
}
Goffredi SK, Hurtado LA, Hallam SJ and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea vent and cold seep clams (Mollusca: Vesicomyidae) of the "pacifica/lepta" species complex", Marine Biology., feb, 2003. Vol. 142(2), pp. 311-320.
BibTeX:
@article{Goffredi2003,
  author = {Goffredi, S K and Hurtado, L A and Hallam, S J and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea vent and cold seep clams (Mollusca: Vesicomyidae) of the "pacifica/lepta" species complex},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {142},
  number = {2},
  pages = {311--320},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0941-3},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-002-0941-3}
}
Goto S, Kinoshita M, Schultz A and Von Herzen RP (2003), "Estimate of heat flux and its temporal variation at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B9), pp. 2434.
BibTeX:
@article{Goto2003,
  author = {Goto, S and Kinoshita, M and Schultz, A and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Estimate of heat flux and its temporal variation at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B9},
  pages = {2434},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000703},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000703}
}
Harpp KS, Fornari DJ, Geist DJ and Kurz MD (2003), "Genovesa Submarine Ridge: A manifestation of plume-ridge interaction in the northern Galápagos Islands", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 4(9), pp. Article no. 8511.
BibTeX:
@article{Harpp2003,
  author = {Harpp, K S and Fornari, D J and Geist, D J and Kurz, M D},
  title = {Genovesa Submarine Ridge: A manifestation of plume-ridge interaction in the northern Galápagos Islands},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {4},
  number = {9},
  pages = {Article no. 8511},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000531},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GC000531}
}
Hurtado LA, Mateos M, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Coupling of bacterial endosymbiont and host mitochondrial genomes in the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena magnifica", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 69(4), pp. 2058-2064.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurtado2003,
  author = {Hurtado, L A and Mateos, M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Coupling of bacterial endosymbiont and host mitochondrial genomes in the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena magnifica},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {69},
  number = {4},
  pages = {2058--2064},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2058-2064.2003},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.4.2058-2064.2003}
}
Jakuba MV (2003), "Modeling and control of an autonomous underwater vehicle with combined foil/thruster actuators" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 123. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Jakuba2003,
  author = {Jakuba, M V},
  title = {Modeling and control of an autonomous underwater vehicle with combined foil/thruster actuators},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {123},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2460},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2460}
}
Karson JA and Christeson GL (2003), "Comparison of geologic and seismic structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust: Insights from a crustal cross section at the Hess Deep Rift", In Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle: Nature, Scaling, and Seismic Properties. New York, N.Y. , pp. 99-129. Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson2003,
  author = {Karson, J A and Christeson, G L},
  editor = {Goff, J A},
  title = {Comparison of geologic and seismic structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust: Insights from a crustal cross section at the Hess Deep Rift},
  booktitle = {Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle: Nature, Scaling, and Seismic Properties},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {99--129}
}
Levin LA, Ziebis W, Mendoza GF, Growney VA, Tryon MD, Brown KM, Mahn C, Gieskes JM and Rathburn AE (2003), "Spatial heterogeneity of macrofauna at northern California methane seeps: Influence of sulfide concentration and fluid flow", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 265, pp. 123-139.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2003,
  author = {Levin, L A and Ziebis, W and Mendoza, G F and Growney, V A and Tryon, M D and Brown, K M and Mahn, C and Gieskes, J M and Rathburn, A E},
  title = {Spatial heterogeneity of macrofauna at northern California methane seeps: Influence of sulfide concentration and fluid flow},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {265},
  pages = {123--139},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps265123},
  doi = {10.3354/meps265123}
}
Lilley MD, Butterfield DA, Lupton JE and Olson EJ (2003), "Magmatic events can produce rapid changes in hydrothermal vent chemistry", Nature. Vol. 422(6934), pp. 878-881.
BibTeX:
@article{Lilley2003,
  author = {Lilley, M D and Butterfield, D A and Lupton, J E and Olson, E J},
  title = {Magmatic events can produce rapid changes in hydrothermal vent chemistry},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {422},
  number = {6934},
  pages = {878--881},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01569},
  doi = {10.1038/nature01569}
}
Little CTS and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Are hydrothermal vent animals living fossils?", Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 18(11), pp. 582-588.
BibTeX:
@article{Little2003,
  author = {Little, C T S and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Are hydrothermal vent animals living fossils?},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {18},
  number = {11},
  pages = {582--588},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009}
}
Lutz RA (2003), "Dawn in the deep", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 203(2), pp. 92-103.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2003,
  author = {Lutz, R A},
  title = {Dawn in the deep},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {203},
  number = {2},
  pages = {92--103}
}
Martinez C and Watling LE (2003), "Mountains in the Sea 2003, July 11- July 19, 2003" Washington, D.C. Vol. 2007 U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration.
BibTeX:
@book{Martinez2003,
  author = {Martinez, C and Watling, L E},
  title = {Mountains in the Sea 2003, July 11- July 19, 2003},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {2007},
  url = {http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/}
}
Matsen B (2003), "The incredible submersible Alvin discovers a strange deep-sea world" Berkeley Heights, N.J. , pp. 48. Enslow Publishers.
BibTeX:
@book{Matsen2003,
  author = {Matsen, B},
  title = {The incredible submersible Alvin discovers a strange deep-sea world},
  publisher = {Enslow Publishers},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {48}
}
McMullin ER, Hourdez S, Schaeffer SW and Fisher CR (2003), "Phylogeny and biogeography of deep sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts", Symbiosis. Vol. 34(1), pp. 1-41.
BibTeX:
@article{McMullin2003,
  author = {McMullin, E R and Hourdez, S and Schaeffer, S W and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Phylogeny and biogeography of deep sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts},
  journal = {Symbiosis},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41}
}
Mullineaux LS, Peterson CH, Micheli F and Mills SW (2003), "Successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal fluid flux at deep-sea vents", Ecological Monographs. Vol. 73(4), pp. 523-542. Ecological Society of America.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux2003,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Micheli, F and Mills, S W},
  title = {Successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal fluid flux at deep-sea vents},
  journal = {Ecological Monographs},
  publisher = {Ecological Society of America},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {73},
  number = {4},
  pages = {523--542},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0674},
  doi = {10.1890/02-0674}
}
Nooner SL, Sasagawa GS, Blackman DK and Zumberge MA (2003), "Structure of oceanic core complexes: Constraints from seafloor gravity measurements made at the Atlantis Massif", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 30(8), pp. Article no. 1446.
BibTeX:
@article{Nooner2003,
  author = {Nooner, S L and Sasagawa, G S and Blackman, D K and Zumberge, M A},
  title = {Structure of oceanic core complexes: Constraints from seafloor gravity measurements made at the Atlantis Massif},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {30},
  number = {8},
  pages = {Article no. 1446},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017126},
  doi = {10.1029/2003GL017126}
}
Perfit MR, Cann JR, Fornari DJ, Engels J, Smith DK, Ridley WI and Edwards MH (2003), "Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges", Nature. Vol. 426(6962), pp. 62-64.
BibTeX:
@article{Perfit2003,
  author = {Perfit, M R and Cann, J R and Fornari, D J and Engels, J and Smith, D K and Ridley, W I and Edwards, M H},
  title = {Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {426},
  number = {6962},
  pages = {62--64},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02032},
  doi = {10.1038/nature02032}
}
Pizarro O and Singh H (2003), "Toward large-area mosaicing for underwater scientific applications", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 28(4), pp. 651-672.
BibTeX:
@article{Pizarro2003,
  author = {Pizarro, O and Singh, H},
  title = {Toward large-area mosaicing for underwater scientific applications},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {651--672},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2003.819154},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.2003.819154}
}
Rona PA (2003), "Paleodictyon: A living fossil on the deepsea floor", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 84(46 (Fall Meet.Suppl.)), pp. F828.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona2003,
  author = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Paleodictyon: A living fossil on the deepsea floor},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {84},
  number = {46 (Fall Meet.Suppl.)},
  pages = {F828}
}
Schrenk MO, Kelley DS, Delaney JR and Baross JA (2003), "Incidence and diversity of mcroorganisms within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 69(6), pp. 3580-3592.
BibTeX:
@article{Schrenk2003,
  author = {Schrenk, M O and Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R and Baross, J A},
  title = {Incidence and diversity of mcroorganisms within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {69},
  number = {6},
  pages = {3580--3592},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3580-3592.2003},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.6.3580-3592.2003}
}
Seewald JS, Cruse AM and Saccocia PJ (2003), "Aqueous volatiles in hydrothermal fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca ridge: Temporal variability following earthquake activity", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 216(4), pp. 575-590.
BibTeX:
@article{Seewald2003,
  author = {Seewald, J S and Cruse, A M and Saccocia, P J},
  title = {Aqueous volatiles in hydrothermal fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca ridge: Temporal variability following earthquake activity},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {216},
  number = {4},
  pages = {575--590},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00543-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00543-0}
}
Seyfried WE, Seewald JS, Berndt ME, Ding K and Foustoukos D (2003), "Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemical controls in the aftermath of June 1999 seismic events", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B9), pp. Article no. 2429.
BibTeX:
@article{Seyfried2003,
  author = {Seyfried, W E and Seewald, J S and Berndt, M E and Ding, K and Foustoukos, D},
  title = {Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemical controls in the aftermath of June 1999 seismic events},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B9},
  pages = {Article no. 2429},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001957},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001957}
}
Shah AK, Cormier MH, Ryan WBF, Jin W, Carlut J, Bergmanis EC, Bradley AM and Yoerger DR (2003), "Episodic dike swarms inferred from near-bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B2), pp. Article no. 2097.
BibTeX:
@article{Shah2003,
  author = {Shah, A K and Cormier, M -H and Ryan, W B F and Jin, W and Carlut, J and Bergmanis, E C and Bradley, A M and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Episodic dike swarms inferred from near-bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B2},
  pages = {Article no. 2097},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000564},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000564}
}
Sims KWW, Blichert-Toft J, Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Goldstein SJ, Johnson P, DePaolo DJ, Hart SR, Murrell MT, Michael PJ, Layne GD and Ball LA (2003), "Aberrant youth: Chemical and isotopic constraints on the young off-axis lavas of the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees -10 degrees N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 4(10), pp. Article no. 8621.
BibTeX:
@article{Sims2003,
  author = {Sims, K W W and Blichert-Toft, J and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Goldstein, S J and Johnson, P and DePaolo, D J and Hart, S R and Murrell, M T and Michael, P J and Layne, G D and Ball, L A},
  title = {Aberrant youth: Chemical and isotopic constraints on the young off-axis lavas of the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees -10 degrees N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {4},
  number = {10},
  pages = {Article no. 8621},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000443},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000443}
}
Smith CR, Baco AR, Gibson RN and Atkinson RJA (2003), "The ecology of whale falls at the deep-sea floor", In Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. Vol. 41, pp. 311-354. CRC Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Smith2003,
  author = {Smith, C R and Baco, A R and Gibson, R N and Atkinson, R J A},
  editor = {Gibson, R N},
  title = {The ecology of whale falls at the deep-sea floor},
  booktitle = {Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {311--354}
}
Smith CR and Demopoulos AWJ (2003), "Ecology of the deep Pacific Ocean floor", In Ecosystems of the deep ocean. Amsterdam (28), pp. 179-218. Elsevier.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Smith2003a,
  author = {Smith, C R and Demopoulos, A W J},
  editor = {Tyler, P A},
  title = {Ecology of the deep Pacific Ocean floor},
  booktitle = {Ecosystems of the deep ocean},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {2003},
  number = {28},
  pages = {179--218}
}
Stewart MA, Klein EM, Karson JA and Brophy JG (2003), "Geochemical relationships between dikes and lavas at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for magma eruptibility", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B4), pp. Art. no. 2184.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart2003,
  author = {Stewart, M A and Klein, E M and Karson, J A and Brophy, J G},
  title = {Geochemical relationships between dikes and lavas at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for magma eruptibility},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B4},
  pages = {Art. no. 2184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001622},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001622}
}
Tivey MA, Schouten H and Kleinrock MC (2003), "A near-bottom magnetic survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis at 26 degrees N: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the TAG segment", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108(B5), pp. Article no. 2277.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2003,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Schouten, H and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {A near-bottom magnetic survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis at 26 degrees N: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the TAG segment},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {108},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {Article no. 2277},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001967},
  doi = {10.1029/2002JB001967}
}
Turnipseed M, Knick KE, Lipcius RN, Dreyer J and Van Dover CL (2003), "Diversity in mussel-beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps", Ecology Letters. Vol. 6(6), pp. 518-523.
BibTeX:
@article{Turnipseed2003,
  author = {Turnipseed, M and Knick, K E and Lipcius, R N and Dreyer, J and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Diversity in mussel-beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {518--523},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00465.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00465.x}
}
Tyler PA, German CR, Ramirez-Llodra E and Van Dover CL (2003), "Understanding the biogeography of chemosynthetic ecosystems.", Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 25(5), pp. 227-241.
BibTeX:
@article{Tyler2003,
  author = {Tyler, P A and German, C R and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Understanding the biogeography of chemosynthetic ecosystems.},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {227--241},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1}
}
Van Dover CL, Aharon P, Bernhard JM, Caylor E, Doerries MB, Flickinger W, Gilhooly W, Goffredi SK, Knick KE, Macko SA, Rapoport S, Raulfs EC, Ruppel C, Salerno JL, Seitz RD, Sen Gupta BK, Shank TM, Turnipseed M and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Blake Ridge methane seeps: Characterization of a soft-sediment, chemosynthetically based ecosystem", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 50(2), pp. 281-300.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2003,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Aharon, P and Bernhard, J M and Caylor, E and Doerries, M B and Flickinger, W and Gilhooly, W and Goffredi, S K and Knick, K E and Macko, S A and Rapoport, S and Raulfs, E C and Ruppel, C and Salerno, J L and Seitz, R D and Sen Gupta, B K and Shank, T M and Turnipseed, M and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Blake Ridge methane seeps: Characterization of a soft-sediment, chemosynthetically based ecosystem},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {281--300},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0}
}
Van Dover CL (2003), "Local, regional, and biogeographic variation in community structure within hydrothermal-vent mussel beds of the East Pacific Rise", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 253, pp. 55-56.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2003a,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Local, regional, and biogeographic variation in community structure within hydrothermal-vent mussel beds of the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {253},
  pages = {55--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps253055},
  doi = {10.3354/meps253055}
}
Veirs SR (2003), "Heat flux and hydrography at a submarine volcano: Observations and models of the Main Endeavour vent field in the northeast Pacific" Seattle, Wash. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 222. University of Washington.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Veirs2003,
  author = {Veirs, S R},
  title = {Heat flux and hydrography at a submarine volcano: Observations and models of the Main Endeavour vent field in the northeast Pacific},
  publisher = {University of Washington},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {222},
  url = {http://www.econscience.org/scott/pubs/thesis.pdf}
}
Von Damm KL, Lilley MD, Shanks WC, Brockington M, Bray AM, O'Grady KM, Olson EJ, Graham A, Proskurowski G and Party SS (2003), "Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters., feb, 2003. Vol. 206(3-4), pp. 365-378.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm2003,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M D and Shanks, W C and Brockington, M and Bray, A M and O'Grady, K M and Olson, E J and Graham, A and Proskurowski, G and Party, SouEPR Science},
  title = {Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {206},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {365--378},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6}
}
Ward ME, Jenkins CD and Van Dover CL (2003), "Functional morphology and feeding strategy of the hydrothermal-vent polychaete Archinome rosacea (Amphinomidae)", Canadian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 81(4), pp. 582-590.
BibTeX:
@article{Ward2003,
  author = {Ward, M E and Jenkins, C D and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Functional morphology and feeding strategy of the hydrothermal-vent polychaete Archinome rosacea (Amphinomidae)},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {81},
  number = {4},
  pages = {582--590},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-034},
  doi = {10.1139/z03-034}
}
Waren A, Bengtson S, Goffredi SK and Van Dover CL (2003), "A hot-vent gastropod with iron-sulphide dermal sclerites", Science. Vol. 302(5647), pp. 1007.
BibTeX:
@article{Waren2003,
  author = {Waren, A and Bengtson, S and Goffredi, S K and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {A hot-vent gastropod with iron-sulphide dermal sclerites},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {302},
  number = {5647},
  pages = {1007},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1087696},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1087696}
}
Wheat CG, Jannasch HW, Kastner M, Plant JN and DeCarlo EH (2003), "Seawater transport and reaction in upper oceanic basaltic basement: Chemical data from continuous monitoring of sealed boreholes in a ridge flank environment", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 216(4), pp. 549-564.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2003,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Jannasch, H W and Kastner, M and Plant, J N and DeCarlo, E H},
  title = {Seawater transport and reaction in upper oceanic basaltic basement: Chemical data from continuous monitoring of sealed boreholes in a ridge flank environment},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {216},
  number = {4},
  pages = {549--564},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00549-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00549-1}
}
Won YJ, Hallam SJ, O'Mullan GD, Pan IL, Buck KR and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Environmental acquisition of thiotrophic endosymbionts by deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 69(11), pp. 6785-6792.
BibTeX:
@article{Won2003,
  author = {Won, Y -J and Hallam, S J and O'Mullan, G D and Pan, I L and Buck, K R and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Environmental acquisition of thiotrophic endosymbionts by deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {69},
  number = {11},
  pages = {6785--6792},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.11.6785-6792.2003},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.11.6785-6792.2003}
}
Won YJ, Hallam SJ, O'Mullan GD and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Cytonuclear disequilibrium in a hybrid zone involving deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus", Molecular Ecology. Vol. 12(11), pp. 3185-3190.
BibTeX:
@article{Won2003a,
  author = {Won, Y -J and Hallam, S J and O'Mullan, G D and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Cytonuclear disequilibrium in a hybrid zone involving deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {12},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3185--3190},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01974.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01974.x}
}
Won YJ, Young CR, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2003), "Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents", Molecular Ecology. Vol. 12(1), pp. 169-184.
BibTeX:
@article{Won2003b,
  author = {Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {169--184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x}
}
Beard BL, Johnson CM and Von Damm KL (2002), "Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in the oxygenated Earth".
BibTeX:
@misc{Beard2002,
  author = {Beard, B L and Johnson, C M and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in the oxygenated Earth},
  booktitle = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {66},
  number = {Supplement 1},
  pages = {A58},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037}
}
Biscoito M, Segonzac M, Almeida AJ, Desbruyeres D, Geistdoerfer P, Turnipseed M and Van Dover CL (2002), "Fishes from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: An update", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 359-362.
BibTeX:
@article{Biscoito2002,
  author = {Biscoito, M and Segonzac, M and Almeida, A J and Desbruyeres, D and Geistdoerfer, P and Turnipseed, M and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Fishes from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: An update},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {359--362},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-359-362.pdf}
}
Blackman DK, Karson JA, Kelley DS, Cann JR, Fruh-Green GL, Gee JS, Hurst SD, John BE, Morgan J, Nooner SL, Ross DK, Schroeder TJ and Williams EA (2002), "Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid Atlantic Ridge, 30 degrees N): Implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic core complex", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 23(5-6), pp. 443-469.
BibTeX:
@article{Blackman2002,
  author = {Blackman, D K and Karson, J A and Kelley, D S and Cann, J R and Fruh-Green, G L and Gee, J S and Hurst, S D and John, B E and Morgan, J and Nooner, S L and Ross, D K and Schroeder, T J and Williams, E A},
  title = {Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid Atlantic Ridge, 30 degrees N): Implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic core complex},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5-6},
  pages = {443--469},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MARI.0000018232.14085.75},
  doi = {10.1023/B:MARI.0000018232.14085.75}
}
Carney SL, Peoples JR, Fisher CR and Schaeffer SW (2002), "AFLP analyses of genomic DNA reveal no differentiation between two phenotypes of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 363-366.
BibTeX:
@article{Carney2002,
  author = {Carney, S L and Peoples, J R and Fisher, C R and Schaeffer, S W},
  title = {AFLP analyses of genomic DNA reveal no differentiation between two phenotypes of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {363--366}
}
Chadwick WW and Stapp M (2002), "A deep-sea observatory experiment using acoustic extensometers:precise horizontal distance measurements across a mid-ocean ridge", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 27(2), pp. 193-201.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2002,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Stapp, M},
  title = {A deep-sea observatory experiment using acoustic extensometers:precise horizontal distance measurements across a mid-ocean ridge},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--201},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2002.1002473},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.2002.1002473}
}
Chevaldonne P, Jollivet D, Desbruyeres D, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2002), "Sister species of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vent worms (Ampharetidae, Alvinellidae, Vestimentifera) provide new mitochondrial COI clock calibration", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 367-370.
BibTeX:
@article{Chevaldonne2002,
  author = {Chevaldonne, P and Jollivet, D and Desbruyeres, D and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Sister species of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vent worms (Ampharetidae, Alvinellidae, Vestimentifera) provide new mitochondrial COI clock calibration},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {367--370},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-367-370.pdf}
}
Colaco A, Dehairs F, Desbruyeres D, Le Bris N and Sarradin PM (2002), "Delta 13C signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 259-262.
BibTeX:
@article{Colaco2002,
  author = {Colaco, A and Dehairs, F and Desbruyeres, D and Le Bris, N and Sarradin, P -M},
  title = {Delta 13C signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {259--262},
  url = {http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/cbm/?execution=e1s2&eventId=viewarticledetails&articleId=3940}
}
Crawford WC and Webb SC (2002), "Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees-10 degrees N", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 203(1), pp. 117-130.
BibTeX:
@article{Crawford2002,
  author = {Crawford, W C and Webb, S C},
  title = {Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees-10 degrees N},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {203},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--130},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00831-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00831-2}
}
Davis EE and Becker K (2002), "Observations of natural-state fluid pressures and temperatures in young oceanic crust and inferences regarding hydrothermal circulation", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 204(1-2), pp. 231-248.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2002,
  author = {Davis, E E and Becker, K},
  title = {Observations of natural-state fluid pressures and temperatures in young oceanic crust and inferences regarding hydrothermal circulation},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {204},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {231--248},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00982-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00982-2}
}
Fox M, Juniper SK and Vali H (2002), "Chemoautotrophy as a possible nutritional source in the hydrothermal vent limpet Lepetodrilus fucensis", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 371-376.
BibTeX:
@article{Fox2002,
  author = {Fox, M and Juniper, S K and Vali, H},
  title = {Chemoautotrophy as a possible nutritional source in the hydrothermal vent limpet Lepetodrilus fucensis},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {371--376},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-371-376.pdf}
}
Govenar BW, Bergquist DC, Urcuyo IA, Eckner JT and Fisher CR (2002), "Three Ridgeia piscesae assemblages from a single Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifice: Structurally different and functionally similar", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 247-252.
BibTeX:
@article{Govenar2002,
  author = {Govenar, B W and Bergquist, D C and Urcuyo, I A and Eckner, J T and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Three Ridgeia piscesae assemblages from a single Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifice: Structurally different and functionally similar},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {247--252},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-247-252.pdf}
}
Guinot D, Hurtado LA and Vrijenhoek RC (2002), "New genus and species of brachyuran crab from the southern East Pacific Rise (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae)", Comptes rendus Biologies. Vol. 325(11), pp. 1143-1152.
BibTeX:
@article{Guinot2002,
  author = {Guinot, D and Hurtado, L A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {New genus and species of brachyuran crab from the southern East Pacific Rise (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae)},
  journal = {Comptes rendus Biologies},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {325},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1143--1152},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0691(02)01520-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S1631-0691(02)01520-2}
}
Humphris SE, Fornari DJ, Schreirer DS, German CR and Parson LM (2002), "Geotectonic setting of hydrothermal activity on the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount (37 degrees 17'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 3(8), pp. Article no. 1049.
BibTeX:
@article{Humphris2002,
  author = {Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Schreirer, D S and German, C R and Parson, L M},
  title = {Geotectonic setting of hydrothermal activity on the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount (37 degrees 17'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {3},
  number = {8},
  pages = {Article no. 1049},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000284},
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000284}
}
Hurtado LA, Mateos M, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2002), "Molecular evidence for multiple species of Oasisia (Annelida: Siboglinidae) at eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 377-380.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurtado2002,
  author = {Hurtado, L A and Mateos, M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Molecular evidence for multiple species of Oasisia (Annelida: Siboglinidae) at eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {377--380},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-377-380.pdf}
}
Jenkins CD, Ward ME, Turnipseed M, Osterberg J and Van Dover CL (2002), "The digestive system of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Galapagomystides aristata (Phyllodocidae): Evidence for hematophagy?", Invertebrate Biology. Vol. 121(3), pp. 243-254.
BibTeX:
@article{Jenkins2002,
  author = {Jenkins, C D and Ward, M E and Turnipseed, M and Osterberg, J and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {The digestive system of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Galapagomystides aristata (Phyllodocidae): Evidence for hematophagy?},
  journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {121},
  number = {3},
  pages = {243--254},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00064.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00064.x}
}
Karson JA (2002), "Geologic structure of the uppermost oceanic crust created at fast- to intermediate-rate spreading centers", Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Vol. 30, pp. 347-384.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson2002,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  title = {Geologic structure of the uppermost oceanic crust created at fast- to intermediate-rate spreading centers},
  journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {347--384},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.141132},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.141132}
}
Karson JA, Klein EM, Hurst SD, Lee CE and Rivizzigno PA (2002), "Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 3(1), pp. 1002.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson2002a,
  author = {Karson, J A and Klein, E M and Hurst, S D and Lee, C E and Rivizzigno, P A},
  title = {Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000155},
  doi = {10.1029/2001GC000155}
}
Karson JA, Tivey MA and Delaney JR (2002), "Internal structure of uppermost oceanic crust along the Western Blanco Transform Scarp: Implications for subaxial accretion and deformation at the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B9), pp. Article no. 2181.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson2002b,
  author = {Karson, J A and Tivey, M A and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Internal structure of uppermost oceanic crust along the Western Blanco Transform Scarp: Implications for subaxial accretion and deformation at the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B9},
  pages = {Article no. 2181},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000051},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000051}
}
Laubier L (2002), "French contribution to hydrothermal vent and cold-seep biology and ecology", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 225-230.
BibTeX:
@article{Laubier2002,
  author = {Laubier, L},
  title = {French contribution to hydrothermal vent and cold-seep biology and ecology},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {225--230},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-225-230.pdf}
}
Lawrence RM, Gee JS and Karson JA (2002), "Magnetic anisotropy of serpentinized peridotites from the MARK area: Implications for the orientation of mesoscopic structures and major fault zones", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B4), pp. EPM-4-1 - EPM-4-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Lawrence2002,
  author = {Lawrence, R M and Gee, J S and Karson, J A},
  title = {Magnetic anisotropy of serpentinized peridotites from the MARK area: Implications for the orientation of mesoscopic structures and major fault zones},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B4},
  pages = {EPM--4--1 -- EPM--4--16},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000007},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000007}
}
Lerner S and Maffei A (2002), "The Jason II virtual control van system, data acquisition system, web-based event logger, and SeaNet", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 2002-12, pp. 17. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Lerner2002,
  author = {Lerner, S and Maffei, A},
  title = {The Jason II virtual control van system, data acquisition system, web-based event logger, and SeaNet},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {2002-12},
  pages = {17},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/27},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/27}
}
Levin LA and Michener RH (2002), "Isotopic evidence for chemosynthesis-based nutrition of macrobenthos: The lightness of being at Pacific methane seeps", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 47(5), pp. 1336-1345.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2002,
  author = {Levin, L A and Michener, R H},
  title = {Isotopic evidence for chemosynthesis-based nutrition of macrobenthos: The lightness of being at Pacific methane seeps},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {47},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1336--1345},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol47/issue5/1336.pdf},
  doi = {10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1336}
}
Luther GW, Bono A, Taillefert M and Cary SC (2002), "A continuous flow electrochemical cell for analysis of chemical species and ions at high pressure: Laboratory, shipboard and hydrothermal vent results.", In Environmental electrochemistry: Analyses of trace element biogeochemistry. Washington, D. C. (811), pp. 54-73. American Chemical Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Luther2002,
  author = {Luther, G W and Bono, A and Taillefert, M and Cary, S C},
  editor = {Taillefert, M},
  title = {A continuous flow electrochemical cell for analysis of chemical species and ions at high pressure: Laboratory, shipboard and hydrothermal vent results.},
  booktitle = {Environmental electrochemistry: Analyses of trace element biogeochemistry},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  year = {2002},
  number = {811},
  pages = {54--73}
}
Lutz RA, Shank TM, Rona P, Reed A, Lange W, Low S and Kristof E (2002), "Recent advances in imaging deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Biology)", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 267-269.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2002,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Rona, P and Reed, A and Lange, W and Low, S and Kristof, E},
  title = {Recent advances in imaging deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Biology)},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {267--269},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-267-269.pdf}
}
Malakoff D (2002), "Researchers plunge into debate over new sub", Science. Vol. 297(5580), pp. 326-327.
BibTeX:
@article{Malakoff2002,
  author = {Malakoff, D},
  title = {Researchers plunge into debate over new sub},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {297},
  number = {5580},
  pages = {326--327},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5580.326},
  doi = {10.1126/science.297.5580.326}
}
Mares AE (2002), "ICP-MS and statistical analysis of major and trace element signatures within the carbonate fraction of marine sediments, Cascadia Subduction Zone, Central Oregon" Long Beach, Calif. Vol. M.S., pp. 430. California State University, Long Beach.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Mares2002,
  author = {Mares, A E},
  title = {ICP-MS and statistical analysis of major and trace element signatures within the carbonate fraction of marine sediments, Cascadia Subduction Zone, Central Oregon},
  publisher = {California State University, Long Beach},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {430}
}
Mayers GD and Brown RS (2002), "Structural analysis of Alvin variable ballast piping" Annapolis, Md. , pp. 57. Anteon Corporation, Machinery Systems Group.
BibTeX:
@book{Mayers2002,
  author = {Mayers, G D and Brown, R S},
  title = {Structural analysis of Alvin variable ballast piping},
  publisher = {Anteon Corporation, Machinery Systems Group},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {57},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403034}
}
McManus J, Nägler TF, Siebert C, Wheat CG and Hammond D (2002), "Oceanic molybdenum isotope fractionation: Diagenesis and hydrothermal ridge-flank alteration", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 3(12), pp. Article no. 1078.
BibTeX:
@article{McManus2002,
  author = {McManus, J and Nägler, T F and Siebert, C and Wheat, C G and Hammond, D},
  title = {Oceanic molybdenum isotope fractionation: Diagenesis and hydrothermal ridge-flank alteration},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {Article no. 1078},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000356},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GC000356}
}
Micheli F, Peterson CH, Mullineaux LS, Fisher CR, Mills SW, Sancho G, Johnson GA and Lenihan HS (2002), "Predation structures communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Ecological Monographs. Vol. 72(3), pp. 365-382.
BibTeX:
@article{Micheli2002,
  author = {Micheli, F and Peterson, C H and Mullineaux, L S and Fisher, C R and Mills, S W and Sancho, G and Johnson, G A and Lenihan, H S},
  title = {Predation structures communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Ecological Monographs},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {72},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--382},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO;2}
}
Moore JA (2002), "Upside-down swimming behavior in a whipnose anglerfish (Teleostei: Ceratioidei: Gigantactinidae)", Copeia. Vol. 2002(4), pp. 1144-1146.
BibTeX:
@article{Moore2002,
  author = {Moore, J A},
  title = {Upside-down swimming behavior in a whipnose anglerfish (Teleostei: Ceratioidei: Gigantactinidae)},
  journal = {Copeia},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {2002},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1144--1146},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[1144:UDSBIA]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[1144:UDSBIA]2.0.CO;2}
}
Mullineaux LS, Speer KG, Thurnherr AM, Maltrud ME and Vangriesheim A (2002), "Implications of cross-axis flow for larval dispersal along mid-ocean ridges.", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 281-284.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux2002,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Speer, K G and Thurnherr, A M and Maltrud, M E and Vangriesheim, A},
  title = {Implications of cross-axis flow for larval dispersal along mid-ocean ridges.},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {281--284},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-281-284.pdf}
}
Nuzzio DB, Taillefert M, Cary SC, Reysenbach AL and Luther GW (2002), "In situ voltammetry at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", In Environmental electrochemistry: Analyses of trace element biogeochemistry. (811), pp. 40-51. American Chemical Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Nuzzio2002,
  author = {Nuzzio, D B and Taillefert, M and Cary, S C and Reysenbach, A -L and Luther, G W},
  title = {In situ voltammetry at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Environmental electrochemistry: Analyses of trace element biogeochemistry},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  year = {2002},
  number = {811},
  pages = {40--51},
  url = {http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/delu/delur02003.pdf}
}
Petitt RA, Harris DW, Wooding B, Bailey J, Jolly J, Hobart E, Chave AD, Duennebier FK, Butler R, Bowen A and Yoerger DR (2002), "The Hawaii-2 Observatory", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 27(2), pp. 245-253.
BibTeX:
@article{Petitt2002,
  author = {Petitt, R A and Harris, D W and Wooding, B and Bailey, J and Jolly, J and Hobart, E and Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Butler, R and Bowen, A and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {The Hawaii-2 Observatory},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--253},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2002.1002479},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.2002.1002479}
}
Podar M, Mullineaux LS, Huang HR, Perlman PS and Sogin ML (2002), "Bacterial group II introns in a deep sea hydrothermal vent environment.", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 68(12), pp. 6392-6398.
BibTeX:
@article{Podar2002,
  author = {Podar, M and Mullineaux, L S and Huang, H -R and Perlman, P S and Sogin, M L},
  title = {Bacterial group II introns in a deep sea hydrothermal vent environment.},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {68},
  number = {12},
  pages = {6392--6398},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002}
}
Pond DW, Allen CE, Bell MV, Van Dover CL, Fallick AE, Dixon DR and Sargent JR (2002), "Origins of long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 225, pp. 219-226.
BibTeX:
@article{Pond2002,
  author = {Pond, D W and Allen, C E and Bell, M V and Van Dover, C L and Fallick, A E and Dixon, D R and Sargent, J R},
  title = {Origins of long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {225},
  pages = {219--226},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps225219},
  doi = {10.3354/meps225219}
}
Pruis MJ and Johnson HP (2002), "Age dependent porosity of young upper oceanic crust: Insights from seafloor gravity studies of recent volcanic eruptions", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 29(5), pp. 1076.
BibTeX:
@article{Pruis2002,
  author = {Pruis, M J and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Age dependent porosity of young upper oceanic crust: Insights from seafloor gravity studies of recent volcanic eruptions},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1076},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013977},
  doi = {10.1029/2001GL013977}
}
Reysenbach AL, Gotz D, Banta A, Jeanthon C and Fouquet Y (2002), "Expanding the distribution of the Aquificales to the deep-sea vents on Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Central Indian Ridge", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 425-428.
BibTeX:
@article{Reysenbach2002,
  author = {Reysenbach, A -L and Gotz, D and Banta, A and Jeanthon, C and Fouquet, Y},
  title = {Expanding the distribution of the Aquificales to the deep-sea vents on Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Central Indian Ridge},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {425--428},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-425-428.pdf}
}
Sarrazin J, Levesque C, Juniper SK and Tivey MK (2002), "Mosaic community dynamics on Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifices: Substratum, temperature and implications for trophic structure", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 275-279.
BibTeX:
@article{Sarrazin2002,
  author = {Sarrazin, J and Levesque, C and Juniper, S K and Tivey, M K},
  title = {Mosaic community dynamics on Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifices: Substratum, temperature and implications for trophic structure},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {275--279},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-275-279.pdf}
}
Sims KWW, Goldstein SJ, Blichert-Toft J, Perfit MR, Kelemen P, Fornari DJ, Michael PJ, Murrell MT, Hart SR, DePaolo DJ, Layne GD, Ball LA, Jull M and Bender J (2002), "Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 66(19), pp. 3481-3504.
BibTeX:
@article{Sims2002,
  author = {Sims, K W W and Goldstein, S J and Blichert-Toft, J and Perfit, M R and Kelemen, P and Fornari, D J and Michael, P J and Murrell, M T and Hart, S R and DePaolo, D J and Layne, G D and Ball, L A and Jull, M and Bender, J},
  title = {Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {66},
  number = {19},
  pages = {3481--3504},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00909-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00909-2}
}
Sinton J, Bergmanis E, Rubin KH, Batiza R, Gregg TKP, Gronvold K, Macdonald KC and White SM (2002), "Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17 degrees-19 degrees S", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B6), pp. Article no. 2115.
BibTeX:
@article{Sinton2002,
  author = {Sinton, J and Bergmanis, E and Rubin, K H and Batiza, R and Gregg, T K P and Gronvold, K and Macdonald, K C and White, S M},
  title = {Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17 degrees-19 degrees S},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {Article no. 2115},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000090},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000090}
}
Smith CR, Baco AR and Glover AG (2002), "Faunal succession on replicate deep-sea whale falls:time scales and vent-seep affinities", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 293-297.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2002,
  author = {Smith, C R and Baco, A R and Glover, A G},
  title = {Faunal succession on replicate deep-sea whale falls:time scales and vent-seep affinities},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {293--297},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-293-297.pdf}
}
Snelgrove PVR and Smith CR (2002), "A riot of species in an environmental calm: The paradox of the species-rich deep-sea floor", In Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. Vol. 40, pp. 311-342. CRC Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Snelgrove2002,
  author = {Snelgrove, P V R and Smith, C R},
  editor = {Gibson, R N},
  title = {A riot of species in an environmental calm: The paradox of the species-rich deep-sea floor},
  booktitle = {Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {311--342}
}
Stewart MA, Klein EM and Karson JA (2002), "Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B10), pp. Art. no. 2238.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart2002,
  author = {Stewart, M A and Klein, E M and Karson, J A},
  title = {Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {Art. no. 2238},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000545},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000545}
}
Tivey MA and Johnson HP (2002), "Crustal magnetization reveals subsurface structure of Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal fields", Geology. Vol. 30(11), pp. 979-982.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey2002,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Crustal magnetization reveals subsurface structure of Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal fields},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {30},
  number = {11},
  pages = {979--982},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030%3C0979:CMRSSO%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0979:CMRSSO>2.0.CO;2}
}
Torres ME, McManus J, Hammond DE, De Angelis MA, Heeschen KU, Colbert SL, Tryon MD, Brown KM, Suess E and Torres ME (2002), "Fluid and chemical flux in and out of sediments hosting methane hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, OR, II: Hydrological processes", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 201(3-4), pp. 525-540.
BibTeX:
@article{Torres2002,
  author = {Torres, M E and McManus, J and Hammond, D E and De Angelis, M A and Heeschen, K U and Colbert, S L and Tryon, M D and Brown, K M and Suess, E and Torres, M E},
  title = {Fluid and chemical flux in and out of sediments hosting methane hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, OR, II: Hydrological processes},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {201},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {525--540},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00732-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00733-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00733-1}
}
Van Dover CL, German CR, Speer KG, Parson LM and Vrijenhoek RC (2002), "Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates", Science. Vol. 295(5558), pp. 1253-1257.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2002,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and German, C R and Speer, K G and Parson, L M and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {295},
  number = {5558},
  pages = {1253--1257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1067361},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1067361}
}
Van Dover CL (2002), "Community structure of mussel beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 230, pp. 137-158.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2002a,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Community structure of mussel beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {230},
  pages = {137--158},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps230137},
  doi = {10.3354/meps230137}
}
Van Dover CL (2002), "Trophic relationships among invertebrates at the Kairei hydrothermal vent field (Central Indian Ridge)", Marine Biology. Vol. 141(4), pp. 761-772.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2002b,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Trophic relationships among invertebrates at the Kairei hydrothermal vent field (Central Indian Ridge)},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {141},
  number = {4},
  pages = {761--772},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0865-y},
  doi = {10.1007/s00227-002-0865-y}
}
Wheat CG, Mottl MJ and Rudniki M (2002), "Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge flank hydrothermal spring", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 66(21), pp. 3693-3705.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2002,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J and Rudniki, M},
  title = {Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge flank hydrothermal spring},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {66},
  number = {21},
  pages = {3693--3705},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00894-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00894-3}
}
White SM, Haymon RM, Fornari DJ, Macdonald KC and Perfit MR (2002), "Correlation between volcanic and tectonic segmentation of fast-spreading ridges: Evidence from volcanic structures and lava flow morphology on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees -10 degrees N", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B8), pp. Article no. 2173.
BibTeX:
@article{White2002,
  author = {White, S M and Haymon, R M and Fornari, D J and Macdonald, K C and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Correlation between volcanic and tectonic segmentation of fast-spreading ridges: Evidence from volcanic structures and lava flow morphology on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees -10 degrees N},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {Article no. 2173},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000571},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000571}
}
White SM, Macdonald KC and Sinton JM (2002), "Volcanic mound fields on the East Pacific Rise, 16 degrees -19 degrees S: Low effusion rate eruptions at overlapping spreading centers for the last 1 Myr", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 107(B10), pp. Article no. 2240.
BibTeX:
@article{White2002a,
  author = {White, S M and Macdonald, K C and Sinton, J M},
  title = {Volcanic mound fields on the East Pacific Rise, 16 degrees -19 degrees S: Low effusion rate eruptions at overlapping spreading centers for the last 1 Myr},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {107},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {Article no. 2240},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000483},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000483}
}
White SN, Chave AD, Reynolds GT and Van Dover CL (2002), "Ambient light emission from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 29(15), pp. Article no 1744.
BibTeX:
@article{White2002b,
  author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Ambient light emission from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {29},
  number = {15},
  pages = {Article no 1744},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014977},
  doi = {10.1029/2002GL014977}
}
Won YJ, Maas PAY, Van Dover CL and Vrijenhoek RC (2002), "Habitat reversal in vent and seep mussels: seep species, Bathymodiolus heckerae, derived from vent ancestors", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 43(3-4), pp. 387-390.
BibTeX:
@article{Won2002,
  author = {Won, Y -J and Maas, P A Y and Van Dover, C L and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Habitat reversal in vent and seep mussels: seep species, Bathymodiolus heckerae, derived from vent ancestors},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {387--390},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-387-390.pdf}
}
Allen CE, Tyler PA and Van Dover CL (2001), "Lipid composition of the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as a trophic indicator", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 81(5), pp. 817-821.
Abstract: Specimens of the chemoautotrophic symbiont-bearing hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica were collected from hydrothermal vents at the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Total lipid was extracted from gill, foot and mantle tissues, and lipid class and fatty acid composition determined by thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC–FID), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). An abundance of n–7 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially in the gill, reflected the large contribution of chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria to the nutrition of this clam. The absence of n–8 MUFA suggests that C. pacifica does not contain methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) such as 20:5 n–3 and 22:6 n–3 were detected in C. pacifica and their presence is attributed to a source other than chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Significant levels of non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were also detected in C. pacifica and it is suggested that these fatty acids are synthesized from n–7 MUFA as alternatives to HUFA. In contrast to shallow water bivalves, elevated levels of triglyceride were detected in the gills compared to the mantle.
BibTeX:
@article{Allen2001,
  author = {Allen, C E and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Lipid composition of the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as a trophic indicator},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {81},
  number = {5},
  pages = {817--821},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004647},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004647}
}
Ballard RD (2001), "Deep Black Sea", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 199(5), pp. 52-69.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard2001,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Deep Black Sea},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {199},
  number = {5},
  pages = {52--69}
}
Beaulieu SE (2001), "Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea", Marine Biology. Vol. 138(4), pp. 803-817.
BibTeX:
@article{Beaulieu2001,
  author = {Beaulieu, S E},
  title = {Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {138},
  number = {4},
  pages = {803--817},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000500},
  doi = {10.1007/s002270000500}
}
Butterfield DA, Nelson BK, Wheat CG, Mottl MJ and Roe KK (2001), "Evidence for basaltic Sr in midocean ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and implications for the global oceanic Sr isotope balance", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 65(22), pp. 4141-4153.
BibTeX:
@article{Butterfield2001,
  author = {Butterfield, D A and Nelson, B K and Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J and Roe, K K},
  title = {Evidence for basaltic Sr in midocean ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and implications for the global oceanic Sr isotope balance},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {65},
  number = {22},
  pages = {4141--4153},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00712-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00712-8}
}
Campbell BJ, Jeanthon C, Kotska JE, Luther GW and Cary SC (2001), "Growth and phylogenetic properties of novel bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria enriched from Alvinella pompejana and deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 67(10), pp. 4566-4572.
BibTeX:
@article{Campbell2001,
  author = {Campbell, B J and Jeanthon, C and Kotska, J E and Luther, G W and Cary, S C},
  title = {Growth and phylogenetic properties of novel bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria enriched from Alvinella pompejana and deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {10},
  pages = {4566--4572},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.10.4566-4572.2001},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.67.10.4566-4572.2001}
}
Chadwick WW, Schreirer DS, Embley RW and Johnson HP (2001), "High-resolution bathymetric surveys using scanning sonars: Lava flow morphology, hydrothermal vent and geologic structure at recent eruption sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 106(B8), pp. 16,16-75,100.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick2001,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Schreirer, D S and Embley, R W and Johnson, H P},
  title = {High-resolution bathymetric surveys using scanning sonars: Lava flow morphology, hydrothermal vent and geologic structure at recent eruption sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {106},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {16,16--75,100},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000297},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB000297}
}
Davis EE and Becker K (2001), "Using ODP boreholes for studying sub-seafloor hydrogeology: Results from the first decade of CORK observations", Geoscience Canada. Vol. 28(4), pp. 171-178.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2001,
  author = {Davis, E E and Becker, K},
  title = {Using ODP boreholes for studying sub-seafloor hydrogeology: Results from the first decade of CORK observations},
  journal = {Geoscience Canada},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171--178}
}
Davis EE, Wang K, Thomson RE, Becker K and Cassidy JF (2001), "An episode of seafloor spreading and associated plate deformation inferred from crustal fluid pressure transients", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 106(B10), pp. 21,921-953,964.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2001a,
  author = {Davis, E E and Wang, K and Thomson, R E and Becker, K and Cassidy, J F},
  title = {An episode of seafloor spreading and associated plate deformation inferred from crustal fluid pressure transients},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {106},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {21,921--953,964},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000040},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000040}
}
Ding K, Seyfried WE, Tivey MK and Bradley AM (2001), "In situ measurement of dissolved H (sub 2) and H (sub 2) S in high-temperature hydrothermal vent fluids at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 186(3-4), pp. 417-425.
BibTeX:
@article{Ding2001,
  author = {Ding, K and Seyfried, W E and Tivey, M K and Bradley, A M},
  title = {In situ measurement of dissolved H (sub 2) and H (sub 2) S in high-temperature hydrothermal vent fluids at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {186},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {417--425},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00257-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00257-6}
}
Etter RJ and Mullineaux LS (2001), "Deep-Sea Communities", In Marine Community Ecology. Sunderland, Mass. , pp. 367-394. Sinauer Associates.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Etter2001,
  author = {Etter, R J and Mullineaux, L S},
  editor = {Bertness, M D},
  title = {Deep-Sea Communities},
  booktitle = {Marine Community Ecology},
  publisher = {Sinauer Associates},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {367--394}
}
Flick LD (2001), "ONR Share of DSV Avin Major Overhaul - 2001" Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 3. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Flick2001,
  author = {Flick, L D},
  title = {ONR Share of DSV Avin Major Overhaul - 2001},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {3},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA406032}
}
Fornari DJ (2001), "Deep Submergence, Science of", In Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 2 (D-H), pp. 643-658. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fornari2001,
  author = {Fornari, D J},
  editor = {Steele, J S},
  title = {Deep Submergence, Science of},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {2 (D-H)},
  pages = {643--658},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0424},
  doi = {10.1006/rwos.2001.0424}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Tolstoy M, Haymon R, Schreirer DS, Johnson P, Kurras G, White S, Getsiv J, Party SS and Technical (2001), "AHA-NEMO2: Shipboard data web site compiled during R/V Melville NEMO Expedition, Leg 2, May, 2000" Vol. 2005
BibTeX:
@book{Fornari2001a,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Tolstoy, M and Haymon, R and Schreirer, D S and Johnson, P and Kurras, G and White, S and Getsiv, J and Party, Shipboard Scientific and Technical},
  title = {AHA-NEMO2: Shipboard data web site compiled during R/V Melville NEMO Expedition, Leg 2, May, 2000},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {2005},
  url = {http://science.whoi.edu/ahanemo2}
}
Fornes WL, DeMaster DJ and Smith CR (2001), "A particle introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: Testing the age-dependent mixing hypothesis", Journal of Marine Research., jan, 2001. Vol. 59(1), pp. 97-112.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornes2001,
  author = {Fornes, W L and DeMaster, D J and Smith, C R},
  title = {A particle introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: Testing the age-dependent mixing hypothesis},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--112},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224001321237380},
  doi = {10.1357/002224001321237380}
}
Garcia MO and Davis MG (2001), "Submarine growth and internal structure of ocean island volcanoes based on submarine observations of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii", Geology. Vol. 29(2), pp. 163-166.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia2001,
  author = {Garcia, M O and Davis, M G},
  title = {Submarine growth and internal structure of ocean island volcanoes based on submarine observations of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--166},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029%3C0163:SGAISO%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0163:SGAISO>2.0.CO;2}
}
Gillis KM, Muehlenbachs K, Stewart M, Gleeson T and Karson JA (2001), "Fluid flow patterns in fast spreading East Pacific Rise crust exposed at Hess Deep", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 106(B11), pp. 26,311-326,329.
BibTeX:
@article{Gillis2001,
  author = {Gillis, K M and Muehlenbachs, K and Stewart, M and Gleeson, T and Karson, J A},
  title = {Fluid flow patterns in fast spreading East Pacific Rise crust exposed at Hess Deep},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {106},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {26,311--326,329},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000038},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000038}
}
Halanych KM, Feldman RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2001), "Molecular evidence that Sclerolinum brattstromi Is closely related to Vestimentiferans, not to Frenulate pogonophorans (Siboglinidae, Annelida)", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 201(1), pp. 65-75.
BibTeX:
@article{Halanych2001,
  author = {Halanych, K M and Feldman, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Molecular evidence that Sclerolinum brattstromi Is closely related to Vestimentiferans, not to Frenulate pogonophorans (Siboglinidae, Annelida)},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {201},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--75},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/201/1/65.pdf}
}
Holden JF, Takai K, Summit M, Bolton SA, Zyskowski J and Baross JA (2001), "Diversity among three novel groups of hyperthermophilic deep-sea Thermococcus species from three sites in the northeastern Pacific Ocean", FEMS Microbiology Ecology. Vol. 36(1), pp. 51-60.
BibTeX:
@article{Holden2001,
  author = {Holden, J F and Takai, K and Summit, M and Bolton, S A and Zyskowski, J and Baross, J A},
  title = {Diversity among three novel groups of hyperthermophilic deep-sea Thermococcus species from three sites in the northeastern Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--60},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00825.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00825.x}
}
Hourdez S, Frederick LA, Schernecke A and Fisher CR (2001), "Functional respiratory anatomy of a deep-sea orbiniid polychaete from the Brine Pool NR-1 in the Gulf of Mexico", Invertebrate Biology. Vol. 120(1), pp. 29-40.
BibTeX:
@article{Hourdez2001,
  author = {Hourdez, S and Frederick, L A and Schernecke, A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Functional respiratory anatomy of a deep-sea orbiniid polychaete from the Brine Pool NR-1 in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--40},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00023.x}
}
Johnson HP, Dziak RP, Fisher CR, Fox CG and Pruis MJ (2001), "Earthquakes' impact on hydrothermal systems may be far-reaching", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 82(21), pp. 233-236.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2001,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Dziak, R P and Fisher, C R and Fox, C G and Pruis, M J},
  title = {Earthquakes' impact on hydrothermal systems may be far-reaching},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {82},
  number = {21},
  pages = {233--236},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/01EO00127},
  doi = {10.1029/01EO00127}
}
Jungclaus J, Barton RJ and Encarnacao LM (2001), "A web-based distributive aimulator for the Alvin deep submersible vehicle", Computer Graphics Topics. Vol. 13(4), pp. 21-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Jungclaus2001,
  author = {Jungclaus, J and Barton, R J and Encarnacao, L M},
  title = {A web-based distributive aimulator for the Alvin deep submersible vehicle},
  journal = {Computer Graphics Topics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {21--22},
  url = {http://www.inigraphics.net/press/topics/2001/issue4/401a08.pdf}
}
Kelley DS, Delaney JR and Yoerger DR (2001), "Geology and venting characteristics of the Mothra hydrothermal field, Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geology. Vol. 29(10), pp. 959-962.
BibTeX:
@article{Kelley2001,
  author = {Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Geology and venting characteristics of the Mothra hydrothermal field, Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {29},
  number = {10},
  pages = {959--962},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029%3C0959:GAVCOT%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0959:GAVCOT>2.0.CO;2}
}
Kelley DS, Karson JA, Blackman DK, Fruh-Green GL, Butterfield DA, Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Schrenk MO, Roe KK, Lebon GT and Rivizzigno P (2001), "An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30 degrees N", Nature. Vol. 412(6843), pp. 145-149.
BibTeX:
@article{Kelley2001a,
  author = {Kelley, D S and Karson, J A and Blackman, D K and Fruh-Green, G L and Butterfield, D A and Lilley, M D and Olson, E J and Schrenk, M O and Roe, K K and Lebon, G T and Rivizzigno, P},
  title = {An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30 degrees N},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {412},
  number = {6843},
  pages = {145--149},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35084000},
  doi = {10.1038/35084000}
}
Klages M, Vopel K, Bluhm H, Brey T, Soltwedel T and Arntz WE (2001), "Deep-sea food falls: first observation of a natural event in the Arctic Ocean", Polar Biology. Vol. 24(4), pp. 292-295.
BibTeX:
@article{Klages2001,
  author = {Klages, M and Vopel, K and Bluhm, H and Brey, T and Soltwedel, T and Arntz, W E},
  title = {Deep-sea food falls: first observation of a natural event in the Arctic Ocean},
  journal = {Polar Biology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {292--295},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000199},
  doi = {10.1007/s003000000199}
}
Kolber ZS, Plumley FG, Lang AS, Beatty JT, Blankenship RE, Van Dover CL, Vetriani C, Koblizek M, Rathgeber C and Falkowski PG (2001), "Contribution of aerobic photoheterotrophic bacteria to the carbon cycle in the ocean", Science. Vol. 292(5526), pp. 2492-2495.
BibTeX:
@article{Kolber2001,
  author = {Kolber, Z S and Plumley, F G and Lang, A S and Beatty, J T and Blankenship, R E and Van Dover, C L and Vetriani, C and Koblizek, M and Rathgeber, C and Falkowski, P G},
  title = {Contribution of aerobic photoheterotrophic bacteria to the carbon cycle in the ocean},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {292},
  number = {5526},
  pages = {2492--2495},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1059707},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1059707}
}
Levin LA, Gooday AJ and James DW (2001), "Dressing up for the deep: agglutinated protists adorn an irregular urchin", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 81(5), pp. 881-882.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2001,
  author = {Levin, L A and Gooday, A J and James, D W},
  title = {Dressing up for the deep: agglutinated protists adorn an irregular urchin},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {81},
  number = {5},
  pages = {881--882},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004738},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004738}
}
Levin LA, Etter RJ, Rex MA, Gooday AJ, Smith CR, Pineda J, Stuart CT, Hessler RR and Pawson D (2001), "Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity", Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Vol. 32, pp. 51-93.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin2001a,
  author = {Levin, L A and Etter, R J and Rex, M A and Gooday, A J and Smith, C R and Pineda, J and Stuart, C T and Hessler, R R and Pawson, D},
  title = {Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity},
  journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {51--93},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114002},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114002}
}
Luther GW, Glazer BY, Hohmann L, Popp JI, Taillefert M, Rozan TF, Brendel PJ, Theberge SM and Nuzzio DB (2001), "Sulfur speciation monitored in situ with solid state gold amalgam voltammetric microelectrodes: Polysulfides as a special case in sediments, microbial mats and hydrothermal vent waters", Journal of Environmental Monitoring. Vol. 3(1), pp. 61-66.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2001,
  author = {Luther, G W and Glazer, B Y and Hohmann, L and Popp, J I and Taillefert, M and Rozan, T F and Brendel, P J and Theberge, S M and Nuzzio, D B},
  title = {Sulfur speciation monitored in situ with solid state gold amalgam voltammetric microelectrodes: Polysulfides as a special case in sediments, microbial mats and hydrothermal vent waters},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Monitoring},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--66},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b006499h},
  doi = {10.1039/b006499h}
}
Luther GW, Rozan TF, Taillefert M, Nuzzio DB, Di Meo CA, Shank TM, Lutz RA and Cary SC (2001), "Chemical speciation drives hydrothermal vent ecology", Nature. Vol. 410(6830), pp. 813-816.
BibTeX:
@article{Luther2001a,
  author = {Luther, G W and Rozan, T F and Taillefert, M and Nuzzio, D B and Di Meo, C A and Shank, T M and Lutz, R A and Cary, S C},
  title = {Chemical speciation drives hydrothermal vent ecology},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {410},
  number = {6830},
  pages = {813--816},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35071069},
  doi = {10.1038/35071069}
}
Lutz RA (2001), "Hydrothermal vent biota", In Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 2 (D-H), pp. 1217-1227. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lutz2001,
  author = {Lutz, R A},
  editor = {Steele, J H},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent biota},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {2 (D-H)},
  pages = {1217--1227},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0100},
  doi = {10.1006/rwos.2001.0100}
}
Lutz RA, Shank TM and Evans R (2001), "Life after death in the deep sea", American Scientist. Vol. 89(5), pp. 422-431.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2001a,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Evans, R},
  title = {Life after death in the deep sea},
  journal = {American Scientist},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {89},
  number = {5},
  pages = {422--431},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2001.34.744},
  doi = {10.1511/2001.34.744}
}
Marsh AG, Mullineaux LS, Young CM and Manahan DT (2001), "Larval dispersal potential of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Nature. Vol. 411(6833), pp. 77-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Marsh2001,
  author = {Marsh, A G and Mullineaux, L S and Young, C M and Manahan, D T},
  title = {Larval dispersal potential of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {411},
  number = {6833},
  pages = {77--80},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075063},
  doi = {10.1038/35075063}
}
Martel AL, Baldwin BS, Dermott RM and Lutz RA (2001), "Species and epilimnion/hypolimnion-related differences in size at larval settlement and metamorphosis in Dreissena (Bivalvia)", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 46(3), pp. 707-713.
BibTeX:
@article{Martel2001,
  author = {Martel, A L and Baldwin, B S and Dermott, R M and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Species and epilimnion/hypolimnion-related differences in size at larval settlement and metamorphosis in Dreissena (Bivalvia)},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {46},
  number = {3},
  pages = {707--713},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol46/issue3/0707.pdf},
  doi = {10.4319/lo.2001.46.3.0707}
}
Meurer WP, Sturm ME, Klein EM and Karson JA (2001), "Basalt compositions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the SMARK area (22 degrees 30'N to 22 degrees 50'N) - implications for parental liquid variability at isotopically homogeneous spreading centers", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 186(3), pp. 451-469.
BibTeX:
@article{Meurer2001,
  author = {Meurer, W P and Sturm, M E and Klein, E M and Karson, J A},
  title = {Basalt compositions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the SMARK area (22 degrees 30'N to 22 degrees 50'N) - implications for parental liquid variability at isotopically homogeneous spreading centers},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {186},
  number = {3},
  pages = {451--469},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00260-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00260-6}
}
O'Mullan GD, Maas PAY, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2001), "A hybrid zone between hydrothermal vent mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Molecular Ecology. Vol. 10(12), pp. 2819-2831.
BibTeX:
@article{OMullan2001,
  author = {O'Mullan, G D and Maas, P A Y and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {A hybrid zone between hydrothermal vent mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Molecular Ecology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2819--2831},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01401.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01401.x}
}
Ravilly M, Horen H, Perrin M, Dyment J, Gente P and Guillou H (2001), "NRM intensity of altered oceanic basalts across the MAR (21 degrees N, 0-1.5 Ma): A record of geomagnetic palaeointensity variation?", Geophysical Journal International. Vol. 145(2), pp. 401-422.
BibTeX:
@article{Ravilly2001,
  author = {Ravilly, M and Horen, H and Perrin, M and Dyment, J and Gente, P and Guillou, H},
  title = {NRM intensity of altered oceanic basalts across the MAR (21 degrees N, 0-1.5 Ma): A record of geomagnetic palaeointensity variation?},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {145},
  number = {2},
  pages = {401--422},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.01381.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.01381.x}
}
Ravizza G, Blusztajn J, Von Damm KL, Bray AM, Bach W and Hart SR (2001), "Sr isotope variations in vent fluids from 9 degrees 46'-9 degrees 54'N East Pacific Rise: Evidence of a non-zero-Mg fluid component", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 65(5), pp. 729-739.
BibTeX:
@article{Ravizza2001,
  author = {Ravizza, G and Blusztajn, J and Von Damm, K L and Bray, A M and Bach, W and Hart, S R},
  title = {Sr isotope variations in vent fluids from 9 degrees 46'-9 degrees 54'N East Pacific Rise: Evidence of a non-zero-Mg fluid component},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {65},
  number = {5},
  pages = {729--739},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00590-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00590-1}
}
Reynolds GT and Lutz RA (2001), "Sources of light in the deep ocean", Reviews of Geophysics. Vol. 39(1), pp. 123-136.
BibTeX:
@article{Reynolds2001,
  author = {Reynolds, G T and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Sources of light in the deep ocean},
  journal = {Reviews of Geophysics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--136},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000071},
  doi = {10.1029/1999RG000071}
}
Rubin KH, Smith MC, Bergmanis EC, Perfit MR, Sinton JM and Batiza R (2001), "Geochemical heterogeneity within mid-ocean ridge lava flows: Insights into eruption, emplacement and global variations in magma generation", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 188(3-4), pp. 349-367.
BibTeX:
@article{Rubin2001,
  author = {Rubin, K H and Smith, M C and Bergmanis, E C and Perfit, M R and Sinton, J M and Batiza, R},
  title = {Geochemical heterogeneity within mid-ocean ridge lava flows: Insights into eruption, emplacement and global variations in magma generation},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {188},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {349--367},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00339-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00339-9}
}
Sakimoto SEH and Gregg TKP (2001), "Channeled flow: Analytic solutions, laboratory experiments, and applications to lava flows", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 106(B5), pp. 8629-8644.
BibTeX:
@article{Sakimoto2001,
  author = {Sakimoto, S E H and Gregg, T K P},
  title = {Channeled flow: Analytic solutions, laboratory experiments, and applications to lava flows},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {106},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {8629--8644},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900384},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900384}
}
Smith CR, DeMaster DJ and Fornes WL (2001), "Mechanisms of age-dependent mixing on the bathyal California margin: The young and the restless", In Organism-sediment interactions. Columbia, S.C. (21), pp. 263-278. University of South Carolina Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Smith2001,
  author = {Smith, C R and DeMaster, D J and Fornes, W L},
  editor = {Aller, J Y},
  title = {Mechanisms of age-dependent mixing on the bathyal California margin: The young and the restless},
  booktitle = {Organism-sediment interactions},
  publisher = {University of South Carolina Press},
  year = {2001},
  number = {21},
  pages = {263--278}
}
Smith MC, Perfit MR, Fornari DJ, Ridley WI, Edwards MH, Kurras GJ and Von Damm KL (2001), "Magmatic processes and segmentation at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge: Detailed investigation of an axial discontinuity on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 37' N", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 2(10), pp. 2000GC000134.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2001a,
  author = {Smith, M C and Perfit, M R and Fornari, D J and Ridley, W I and Edwards, M H and Kurras, G J and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Magmatic processes and segmentation at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge: Detailed investigation of an axial discontinuity on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 37' N},
  journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {2},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2000GC000134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000134},
  doi = {10.1029/2000GC000134}
}
Smith DK, Tivey MA, Gregg P and Kong L (2001), "Magnetic anomalies at the Puna Ridge, a submarine extension of Kilauea Volcano: Implications for lava deposition", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 106(B8), pp. 16,16-47,60.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith2001b,
  author = {Smith, D K and Tivey, M A and Gregg, P and Kong, L},
  title = {Magnetic anomalies at the Puna Ridge, a submarine extension of Kilauea Volcano: Implications for lava deposition},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {106},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {16,16--47,60},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000014},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB000014}
}
Stevens B (2001), "A mountain in the sea: exploration of a Gulf of Alaska Seamount with the submersible Alvin", In Cold water diving for science : American Academy of Underwater Sciences: proceedings of the 21st Annual Scientific Diving Symposium, September 19-23, 2001, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska. Fairbanks, Alaska , pp. 79-83. University of Alaska Sea Grant.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stevens2001,
  author = {Stevens, B},
  editor = {Jewett, S C},
  title = {A mountain in the sea: exploration of a Gulf of Alaska Seamount with the submersible Alvin},
  booktitle = {Cold water diving for science : American Academy of Underwater Sciences: proceedings of the 21st Annual Scientific Diving Symposium, September 19-23, 2001, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska},
  publisher = {University of Alaska Sea Grant},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {79--83}
}
Tappin DR, Watts P, McMurtry GM, Lafoy Y and Matsumoto T (2001), "The Sissano, Papua New Guinea tsunami of July 1998 -- offshore evidence on the source mechanism", Marine Geology. Vol. 175(1-4), pp. 1-23.
BibTeX:
@article{Tappin2001,
  author = {Tappin, D R and Watts, P and McMurtry, G M and Lafoy, Y and Matsumoto, T},
  title = {The Sissano, Papua New Guinea tsunami of July 1998 -- offshore evidence on the source mechanism},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {175},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {1--23},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00131-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00131-1}
}
Tryon MD and Brown KM (2001), "Complex flow patterns through hydrate ridge and their impact on Seep Biota", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 28(14), pp. 2863-2866.
BibTeX:
@article{Tryon2001,
  author = {Tryon, M D and Brown, K M},
  title = {Complex flow patterns through hydrate ridge and their impact on Seep Biota},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {28},
  number = {14},
  pages = {2863--2866},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012566},
  doi = {10.1029/2000GL012566}
}
Tryon MD, Brown KM, Dorman L and Sauter A (2001), "A new benthic aqueous flux meter for very low to moderate discharge rates", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 48(9), pp. 2121-2146.
BibTeX:
@article{Tryon2001a,
  author = {Tryon, M D and Brown, K M and Dorman, L and Sauter, A},
  title = {A new benthic aqueous flux meter for very low to moderate discharge rates},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {48},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2121--2146},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00002-4},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00002-4}
}
Tsurumi M and Tunnicliffe V (2001), "Characteristics of a hydrothermal vent assemblage on a volcanically active segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific", Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 58(3), pp. 530-542.
BibTeX:
@article{Tsurumi2001,
  author = {Tsurumi, M and Tunnicliffe, V},
  title = {Characteristics of a hydrothermal vent assemblage on a volcanically active segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {58},
  number = {3},
  pages = {530--542},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-3-530},
  doi = {10.1139/cjfas-58-3-530}
}
Van Dover CL, Jenkins CD and Turnipseed M (2001), "Corralling of larvae in the deep sea", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 81(5), pp. 823-826.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2001,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Jenkins, C D and Turnipseed, M},
  title = {Corralling of larvae in the deep sea},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {81},
  number = {5},
  pages = {823--826},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004659},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004659}
}
Van Dover CL, Humphris SE, Fornari DJ, Cavanaugh CM, Collier R, Goffredi SK, Hashimoto J, Lilley MD, Reysenbach AL, Shank TM, Von Damm KL, Banta A, Gallant RM, Gotz D, Green D, Hall J, Harmer TL, Hurtado LA, Johnson P, McKiness ZP, Meredith C, Olson EJ, Pan IL, Turnipseed M, Won YJ, Young CR and Vrijenhoek RC (2001), "Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents", Science. Vol. 294(5543), pp. 818-823.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2001a,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Cavanaugh, C M and Collier, R and Goffredi, S K and Hashimoto, J and Lilley, M D and Reysenbach, A -L and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Banta, A and Gallant, R M and Gotz, D and Green, D and Hall, J and Harmer, T L and Hurtado, L A and Johnson, P and McKiness, Z P and Meredith, C and Olson, E J and Pan, I L and Turnipseed, M and Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {294},
  number = {5543},
  pages = {818--823},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064574},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1064574}
}
Vetriani C (2001), "Archaea, Origin of", In Encyclopedia of biodiversity. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 1, pp. 219-230. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Vetriani2001,
  author = {Vetriani, C},
  editor = {Levin, S},
  title = {Archaea, Origin of},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of biodiversity},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {219--230}
}
Voight JR (2001), "Morphological deformation in preserved specimens of the deep-sea octopus Graneledone", Journal of Molluscan Studies. Vol. 67(1), pp. 95-102.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2001,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {Morphological deformation in preserved specimens of the deep-sea octopus Graneledone},
  journal = {Journal of Molluscan Studies},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--102},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/67.1.95},
  doi = {10.1093/mollus/67.1.95}
}
Von Damm KL (2001), "Hydrothermal vents, Chemistry of", In Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 2 (D-H), pp. 1246-1253. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm2001,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Steele, J H},
  title = {Hydrothermal vents, Chemistry of},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {2 (D-H)},
  pages = {1246--1253},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0101},
  doi = {10.1006/rwos.2001.0101}
}
Von Damm KL (2001), "Lost City found", Nature. Vol. 412(6843), pp. 127-128.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm2001a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Lost City found},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {412},
  number = {6843},
  pages = {127--128},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35084297},
  doi = {10.1038/35084297}
}
Williams AJ and Tivey MK (2001), "Tidal currents at hydrothermal vents, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Sea Technology. Vol. 42(6), pp. 62-96.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams2001,
  author = {Williams, A J and Tivey, M K},
  title = {Tidal currents at hydrothermal vents, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {42},
  number = {6},
  pages = {62--96}
}
Aharon P and Fu B (2000), "Microbial sulfate reduction rates and sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionations at oil and gas seeps in deepwater Gulf of Mexico", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 64(2), pp. 233-246.
Abstract: Sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation are the dominant microbial processes occurring in hydrate-bearing sediments at bathyal depths in the Gulf of Mexico where crude oil and methane are advecting through fault conduits to the seafloor. The oil and gas seeps are typically overlain by chemosynthetic communities consisting of thiotrophic bacterial mats (Beggiatoa spp.) and methanotrophic mussels (Bathymodiolus spp.), respectively. Cores were recovered with a manned submersible from fine-grained sediments containing dispersed gas hydrates at the threshold of stability. Estimated sulfate reduction rates are variable but generally are substantially higher in crude oil seeps (up to 50 times) and methane seeps (up to 600 times) relative to a non-seep reference sediment (0.0043 μmol SO42− cm−3 day−1). Sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionation factors are highest in the reference sediment (αS = 1.027; αO = 1.015) but substantially lower in the seep sediments (αS = 1.018 to 1.009; αO = 1.006 to 1.002) and are controlled primarily by kinetic factors related to sulfate reduction rates. Kinetic effects also control the δ34S/δ18O ratios such that slow microbial rates yield low ratios whereas faster rates yield progressively higher ratios. The seep data contradict previous claims that δ34S/δ18O ratios are diagnostic of either microbial sulfate reduction at a fixed δ34S/δ18O ratio of 4/1 or lower ratios caused by SO4–H2O equilibration at ambient temperatures. The new results offer a better understanding of methane removal via anaerobic oxidation in the sulfate reduction zone of hydrate-bearing sediments and have significant implications regarding the origin and geochemical history of sedimentary sulfate reconstructed on the basis of δ34S and δ18O compositions.
BibTeX:
@article{Aharon2000,
  author = {Aharon, P and Fu, B},
  title = {Microbial sulfate reduction rates and sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionations at oil and gas seeps in deepwater Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--246},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00292-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00292-6}
}
Akimoto K and Hattori M (2000), "Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblage in the Bathymodiolus colony in the northern Iheya Ridges, Okinawa Trough, Japan", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 49-51.
BibTeX:
@article{Akimoto2000,
  author = {Akimoto, K and Hattori, M},
  title = {Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblage in the Bathymodiolus colony in the northern Iheya Ridges, Okinawa Trough, Japan},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {49--51},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160107.pdf}
}
Allen B, Vorus WS and Prestero T (2000), "Propulsion system performance enhancements on REMUS AUVs", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 3, pp. 1869-1873. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Allen2000,
  author = {Allen, B and Vorus, W S and Prestero, T},
  title = {Propulsion system performance enhancements on REMUS AUVs},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1869--1873},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209}
}
Aloisi G, Pierre C, Rouchy JM, Foucher JP and Woodside J (2000), "Methane-related authigenic carbonates of eastern Mediterranean Sea mud volcanoes and their possible relation to gas hydrate destabilisation", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 184(1), pp. 321-338.
Abstract: Nautile submersible investigations of mud volcanoes and brine seep areas of the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the MEDINAUT cruise in November 1998 discovered extensive areas of authigenic carbonate crusts associated with methane emissions. Carbonate crusts form pavements, round slabs and circular mounds on the central, most active parts of mud volcanoes and in a fault-related valley where brines have accumulated to form a submarine brine lake. Authigenic carbonate nodules have been recovered from the same areas during the MEDINETH cruise in July 1999. Large 13C depletions of authigenic calcite, aragonite and dolomite indicate methane as a major carbon source for the carbonate. Crust pavements are formed when methane from a freshly emplaced, methane-charged mud flow is oxidised at the seafloor. In this environment, where bottom waters provide the sulphate and magnesium, aragonite is favoured versus calcite and accounts for the majority of the methane-related authigenic carbonates. Calcite, when present, contains significant amounts of Mg2+ (high-Mg calcite), and possibly other divalent ions in its crystal lattice. In areas of brine seep and accumulation, dolomitic nodules are present at shallow depth in the sediment. The 18O enrichment of the authigenic carbonates (up to 4‰ greater than calculated values for carbonates precipitating from modern eastern Mediterranean bottom waters) is interpreted as due to precipitation from 18O-rich fluids rather than as a temperature effect. The source of the 18O-rich fluids may be multiple and possibly includes the destabilisation of gas hydrates present at shallow subbottom depth, and the seepage of relic Messinian brines.
BibTeX:
@article{Aloisi2000,
  author = {Aloisi, G and Pierre, C and Rouchy, J M and Foucher, J P and Woodside, J},
  title = {Methane-related authigenic carbonates of eastern Mediterranean Sea mud volcanoes and their possible relation to gas hydrate destabilisation},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {184},
  number = {1},
  pages = {321--338},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00322-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00322-8}
}
Austin TC, Stokey RP and Sharp KM (2000), "PARADIGM: a buoy-based system for AUV navigation and tracking", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 2, pp. 935-938. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Austin2000,
  author = {Austin, T C and Stokey, R P and Sharp, K M},
  title = {PARADIGM: a buoy-based system for AUV navigation and tracking},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {935--938},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881376},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881376}
}
Auzende JM, Ishibashi J, Beaudoin Y, Charlou JL, Delteil J, Donval JP, Fouquet Y, Gouillou JP, Ildefonse B, Kimura H, Nishio Y, Radford-Knoery J and Ruellan E (2000), "The eastern and western tips of Manus Basin (Papua, New Guinea) explored by submersible: MANAUTE cruise", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série II, Mécanique, physique, chimie, sciences de l'univers, sciences de la terre. Vol. 331(2), pp. 119-126.
BibTeX:
@article{Auzende2000,
  author = {Auzende, J M and Ishibashi, J and Beaudoin, Y and Charlou, J L and Delteil, J and Donval, J P and Fouquet, Y and Gouillou, J P and Ildefonse, B and Kimura, H and Nishio, Y and Radford-Knoery, J and Ruellan, E},
  title = {The eastern and western tips of Manus Basin (Papua, New Guinea) explored by submersible: MANAUTE cruise},
  journal = {Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série II, Mécanique, physique, chimie, sciences de l'univers, sciences de la terre},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {331},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--126},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)01387-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S1251-8050(00)01387-2}
}
Ballard RD, McCann AM, Yoerger DR, Whitcomb L, Mindell D, Oleson J, Singh H, Foley B, Adams J, Piechota D and Giangrande C (2000), "The discovery of ancient history in the deep sea using advanced deep submergence technology", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 47(9), pp. 1591-1620.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard2000,
  author = {Ballard, R D and McCann, A M and Yoerger, D R and Whitcomb, L and Mindell, D and Oleson, J and Singh, H and Foley, B and Adams, J and Piechota, D and Giangrande, C},
  title = {The discovery of ancient history in the deep sea using advanced deep submergence technology},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {47},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1591--1620},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00117-X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00117-X}
}
Ballard RD (2000), "The history of Woods Hole's deep submergence program", In 50 years of ocean discovery: National Science Foundation, 1950-2000. Washington, D.C. , pp. 67-84. National Academy Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard2000a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The history of Woods Hole's deep submergence program},
  booktitle = {50 years of ocean discovery: National Science Foundation, 1950-2000},
  publisher = {National Academy Press},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {67--84},
  url = {http://fermat.nap.edu/openbook/0309063981/html/index.html}
}
Becker NC, Wheat CG, Mottl MJ, Karsten JL and Davis EE (2000), "A geological and geophysical investigation of Baby Bare, locus of a ridge-flank hydrothermal system in the Cascadia Basin", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B10), pp. 23,523-557,568.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2000,
  author = {Becker, N C and Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J and Karsten, J L and Davis, E E},
  title = {A geological and geophysical investigation of Baby Bare, locus of a ridge-flank hydrothermal system in the Cascadia Basin},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {23,523--557,568},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900204},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900204}
}
Becker K and Davis EE (2000), "Plugging the seafloor with CORKs", Oceanus. Vol. 42(1), pp. 14-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker2000a,
  author = {Becker, K and Davis, E E},
  title = {Plugging the seafloor with CORKs},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14--16},
  url = {http://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/dfino/2005/4/v42n1-becker-davis2258.pdf}
}
Biscoito M and Saldanha L (2000), "Occurrence of Chaceon affinis (Decapoda: Geryonidae) in the vicinity of a hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Crustacean Biology. Vol. 20(1), pp. 128-131.
BibTeX:
@article{Biscoito2000,
  author = {Biscoito, M and Saldanha, L},
  title = {Occurrence of Chaceon affinis (Decapoda: Geryonidae) in the vicinity of a hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {128--131},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2000)020[0128:OOCADG]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1651/0278-0372(2000)020[0128:OOCADG]2.0.CO;2}
}
Bowen MF, Bernard PJ, Gleason DE and Whitcomb LL (2000), "Elevators -- autonomous transporters for deepsea benthic sample recovery", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 343-348. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen2000,
  author = {Bowen, M F and Bernard, P J and Gleason, D E and Whitcomb, L L},
  title = {Elevators -- autonomous transporters for deepsea benthic sample recovery},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {343--348},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881282},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881282}
}
Bright M, Keckeis H and Fisher CR (2000), "An autoradiographic examination of carbon fixation, transfer and utilization in the Riftia pachyptila symbiosis", Marine Biology., may, 2000. Vol. 136(4), pp. 621-632.
BibTeX:
@article{Bright2000,
  author = {Bright, M and Keckeis, H and Fisher, C R},
  title = {An autoradiographic examination of carbon fixation, transfer and utilization in the Riftia pachyptila symbiosis},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {136},
  number = {4},
  pages = {621--632},
  doi = {10.1007/s002270050722}
}
Butler R, Chave AD, Duennebier FK, Yoerger DR, Petitt R, Harris D, Wooding FB, Bowen AD, Bailey J, Jolly J, Hobart E, Hildebrand JA and Dodeman AH (2000), "Hawaii-2 Observatory pioneers opportunities for remote instrumentation in ocean studies", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 81(15), pp. 157,162-163.
BibTeX:
@article{Butler2000,
  author = {Butler, R and Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Yoerger, D R and Petitt, R and Harris, D and Wooding, F B and Bowen, A D and Bailey, J and Jolly, J and Hobart, E and Hildebrand, J A and Dodeman, A H},
  title = {Hawaii-2 Observatory pioneers opportunities for remote instrumentation in ocean studies},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {81},
  number = {15},
  pages = {157,162--163},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/00EO00105},
  doi = {10.1029/00EO00105}
}
Charlou JL, Donval JP, Douville E, Jean-Baptiste P, Radford-Knoery J, Fouquet Y, Dapoigny A and Stievenard M (2000), "Compared geochemical signatures and the evolution of Menez Gwen (37 degrees 50'N) and Lucky Strike (37 degrees17'N) hydrothermal fluids, south of the Azores triple junction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Chemical Geology. Vol. 171(1-2), pp. 49-75.
BibTeX:
@article{Charlou2000,
  author = {Charlou, J L and Donval, J P and Douville, E and Jean-Baptiste, P and Radford-Knoery, J and Fouquet, Y and Dapoigny, A and Stievenard, M},
  title = {Compared geochemical signatures and the evolution of Menez Gwen (37 degrees 50'N) and Lucky Strike (37 degrees17'N) hydrothermal fluids, south of the Azores triple junction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {171},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {49--75},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00244-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00244-8}
}
Chave AD, Duennebier FK and Butler R (2000), "Putting H20 in the ocean", Oceanus. Vol. 42(1), pp. 6-9.
BibTeX:
@article{Chave2000,
  author = {Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Butler, R},
  title = {Putting H20 in the ocean},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6--9}
}
Chevaldonne P, Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Desbruyeres D, Jollivet D, Zal F and Toulmond A (2000), "Thermotolerance and the ‘Pompeii worms'", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 208, pp. 293-295.
BibTeX:
@article{Chevaldonne2000,
  author = {Chevaldonne, P and Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Desbruyeres, D and Jollivet, D and Zal, F and Toulmond, A},
  title = {Thermotolerance and the ‘Pompeii worms'},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {208},
  pages = {293--295}
}
Coleman DF, Newman JB and Ballard RD (2000), "Design and implementation of advanced underwater imaging systems for deep sea marine archaeological surveys", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 661-665. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Coleman2000,
  author = {Coleman, D F and Newman, J B and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Design and implementation of advanced underwater imaging systems for deep sea marine archaeological surveys},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {661--665},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881329},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881329}
}
Davis EE, Wang K, Becker K and Thomson RE (2000), "Formation-scale hydraulic and mechanical properties of oceanic crust inferred from pore pressure response to periodic seafloor loading", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B6), pp. 13,413-423,435.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis2000,
  author = {Davis, E E and Wang, K and Becker, K and Thomson, R E},
  title = {Formation-scale hydraulic and mechanical properties of oceanic crust inferred from pore pressure response to periodic seafloor loading},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {13,413--423,435},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900084},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900084}
}
Di Meo CA, Wilbur AE, Holben WE, Feldman RA, Vrijenhoek RC and Cary SC (2000), "Genetic variation among endosymbionts of widely distributed vestimentiferan tubeworms", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 66(2), pp. 651-658.
BibTeX:
@article{DiMeo2000,
  author = {Di Meo, C A and Wilbur, A E and Holben, W E and Feldman, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C and Cary, S C},
  title = {Genetic variation among endosymbionts of widely distributed vestimentiferan tubeworms},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {2},
  pages = {651--658},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/2/651},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.66.2.651-658.2000}
}
Distel DL, Baco AR, Chuang E, Morrill W, Cavanaugh C and Smith CR (2000), "Do mussels take wooden steps to deep-sea vents?", Nature. Vol. 403(6771), pp. 725-726.
BibTeX:
@article{Distel2000,
  author = {Distel, D L and Baco, A R and Chuang, E and Morrill, W and Cavanaugh, C and Smith, C R},
  title = {Do mussels take wooden steps to deep-sea vents?},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {403},
  number = {6771},
  pages = {725--726},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35001667},
  doi = {10.1038/35001667}
}
Driscoll FR, Lueck RG and Nahon M (2000), "The motion of a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle system: part 1: motion observations", Ocean Engineering. Vol. 27(1), pp. 29-56.
BibTeX:
@article{Driscoll2000,
  author = {Driscoll, F R and Lueck, R G and Nahon, M},
  title = {The motion of a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle system: part 1: motion observations},
  journal = {Ocean Engineering},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00076-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00076-6}
}
Driscoll FR, Lueck RG and Nahon M (2000), "The motion of a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle system: part 2: analytical model", Ocean Engineering. Vol. 27(1), pp. 57-76.
BibTeX:
@article{Driscoll2000a,
  author = {Driscoll, F R and Lueck, R G and Nahon, M},
  title = {The motion of a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle system: part 2: analytical model},
  journal = {Ocean Engineering},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--76},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00077-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00077-8}
}
Duplessis K and Reiswig HM (2000), "Description of a new deep-water calcareous sponge (Porifera: Calcarea) from Northern California", Pacific Science. Vol. 54(1), pp. 10-14.
BibTeX:
@article{Duplessis2000,
  author = {Duplessis, K and Reiswig, H M},
  title = {Description of a new deep-water calcareous sponge (Porifera: Calcarea) from Northern California},
  journal = {Pacific Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10--14},
  url = {http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/1593}
}
Dziak RP, Fox CG, Embley RW, Nabelek JL, Braunmiller J and Koski RA (2000), "Recent tectonics of the Blanco Ridge, eastern blanco transform fault zone", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 21(5), pp. 423-450.
BibTeX:
@article{Dziak2000,
  author = {Dziak, R P and Fox, C G and Embley, R W and Nabelek, J L and Braunmiller, J and Koski, R A},
  title = {Recent tectonics of the Blanco Ridge, eastern blanco transform fault zone},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {5},
  pages = {423--450},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026545910893},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1026545910893}
}
Embley RW, Chadwick WW, Perfit MR, Smith MC and Delaney JR (2000), "Recent eruptions on the CoAxial segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Implications for mid-ocean ridge accretion processes", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B7), pp. 16,501-516,525.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley2000,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W and Perfit, M R and Smith, M C and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Recent eruptions on the CoAxial segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Implications for mid-ocean ridge accretion processes},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B7},
  pages = {16,501--516,525},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900030},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900030}
}
Freitag L, Grund M, Singh S and Johnson M (2000), "Acoustic communication in very shallow water: results from the1999 AUV Fest", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 3, pp. 2155-2160. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Freitag2000,
  author = {Freitag, L and Grund, M and Singh, S and Johnson, M},
  title = {Acoustic communication in very shallow water: results from the1999 AUV Fest},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {2155--2160},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882253},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882253}
}
Fryer P, Fornari DJ and Perfit MR (2000), "Future research directions in deep submergence science", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 33(4), pp. 74-79.
BibTeX:
@article{Fryer2000,
  author = {Fryer, P and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Future research directions in deep submergence science},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {74--79}
}
Galgani F, Leaute JP, Moguedet P, Souplet A, Verin Y, Carpentier A, Goraguer H, Latrouite D, Andral B, Cadiou Y, Mahe JC, Poulard JC and Nerisson P (2000), "Litter on the sea floor along European coasts", Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 40(6), pp. 516-527.
BibTeX:
@article{Galgani2000,
  author = {Galgani, F and Leaute, J P and Moguedet, P and Souplet, A and Verin, Y and Carpentier, A and Goraguer, H and Latrouite, D and Andral, B and Cadiou, Y and Mahe, J C and Poulard, J C and Nerisson, P},
  title = {Litter on the sea floor along European coasts},
  journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {40},
  number = {6},
  pages = {516--527},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00234-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00234-9}
}
Galkin SV (2000), "Bottom fauna of the Mohns Ridge: submersible investigations", In Bentos morei Rossii i Severnoi Atlantiki: sbornik nauchnykh trudov (Benthos of the Russian Sea and the Northern Atlantic). Moscow, Russia , pp. 81-85. Nauka.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Galkin2000,
  author = {Galkin, S V},
  editor = {Kuznetsov, A P},
  title = {Bottom fauna of the Mohns Ridge: submersible investigations},
  booktitle = {Bentos morei Rossii i Severnoi Atlantiki: sbornik nauchnykh trudov (Benthos of the Russian Sea and the Northern Atlantic)},
  publisher = {Nauka},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {81--85}
}
Gebruk AV, Chevaldonne P, Shank TM, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2000), "Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities of the Logatchev area (14 degrees 45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Diverse biotypes and high biomass", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 80(3), pp. 383-393.
BibTeX:
@article{Gebruk2000,
  author = {Gebruk, A V and Chevaldonne, P and Shank, T M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities of the Logatchev area (14 degrees 45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Diverse biotypes and high biomass},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {80},
  number = {3},
  pages = {383--393},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002088},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315499002088}
}
Gebruk AV, Southward EC, Kennedy H and Southward AJ (2000), "Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 80(3), pp. 485-499.
BibTeX:
@article{Gebruk2000a,
  author = {Gebruk, A V and Southward, E C and Kennedy, H and Southward, A J},
  title = {Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {80},
  number = {3},
  pages = {485--499},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400002186},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315400002186}
}
Glasby GP, Izasa K, Yuasa M and Usui A (2000), "Submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, south of Japan: an overview", Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. Vol. 18(2), pp. 141-176.
BibTeX:
@article{Glasby2000,
  author = {Glasby, G P and Izasa, K and Yuasa, M and Usui, A},
  title = {Submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, south of Japan: an overview},
  journal = {Marine Georesources & Geotechnology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--176},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641190009353785},
  doi = {10.1080/10641190009353785}
}
Gregg TKP, Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Ridley WI and Kurz MD (2000), "Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 178(3-4), pp. 195-214.
BibTeX:
@article{Gregg2000,
  author = {Gregg, T K P and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Ridley, W I and Kurz, M D},
  title = {Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {178},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {195--214},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00085-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00085-6}
}
Griboulard R, Deniaud Y and Gonthier E (2000), "Deep-dive observations and acoustic sonar imagery of an accretionary fold: surficial deformations on the South Barbados Wedge (Atlantic Ocean)", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série II, Mécanique, physique, chimie, sciences de l'univers, sciences de la terre. Vol. 330(4), pp. 281-287.
BibTeX:
@article{Griboulard2000,
  author = {Griboulard, R and Deniaud, Y and Gonthier, E},
  title = {Deep-dive observations and acoustic sonar imagery of an accretionary fold: surficial deformations on the South Barbados Wedge (Atlantic Ocean)},
  journal = {Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série II, Mécanique, physique, chimie, sciences de l'univers, sciences de la terre},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {330},
  number = {4},
  pages = {281--287},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00128-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00128-2}
}
Hekinian R, Pineau F, Shilobreeva S, Bideau D, Gracia E and Javoy M (2000), "Deep sea explosive activity on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 34 degrees 50'N; magma composition, vesicularity and volatile content", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 98(1-4), pp. 49-77.
BibTeX:
@article{Hekinian2000,
  author = {Hekinian, R and Pineau, F and Shilobreeva, S and Bideau, D and Gracia, E and Javoy, M},
  title = {Deep sea explosive activity on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 34 degrees 50'N; magma composition, vesicularity and volatile content},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {49--77},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00190-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00190-0}
}
Hekinian R, Juteau T, Gracia E, Sichler B, Sichel S, Udintsev G, Apprioual R and Ligi M (2000), "Submersible observations of equatorial atlantic mantle: The St. Paul Fracture Zone region", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 21(6), pp. 529-560.
BibTeX:
@article{Hekinian2000a,
  author = {Hekinian, R and Juteau, T and Gracia, E and Sichler, B and Sichel, S and Udintsev, G and Apprioual, R and Ligi, M},
  title = {Submersible observations of equatorial atlantic mantle: The St. Paul Fracture Zone region},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {529--560},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004819701870},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1004819701870}
}
Hissman K (2000), "Lanice arakani, a new species of the family Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Sedentaria) from seamounts of the West Mariana Ridge", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 80(2), pp. 249-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Hissman2000,
  author = {Hissman, K},
  title = {Lanice arakani, a new species of the family Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Sedentaria) from seamounts of the West Mariana Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499001824},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315499001824}
}
Hourdez S, Lamontagne J, Peterson P, Weber RE and Fisher CR (2000), "Hemoglobin from a deep-sea hydrothermal-vent copepod", Biological Bulletin., oct, 2000. Vol. 199(2), pp. 95-99.
BibTeX:
@article{Hourdez2000,
  author = {Hourdez, S and Lamontagne, J and Peterson, P and Weber, R E and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Hemoglobin from a deep-sea hydrothermal-vent copepod},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {199},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--99},
  doi = {10.2307/1542868}
}
Howland JC and Singh H (2000), "Simulation of the deep sea mosaicking process", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 2, pp. 1353-1375. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Howland2000,
  author = {Howland, J C and Singh, H},
  title = {Simulation of the deep sea mosaicking process},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1353--1375},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881791},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881791}
}
Humphris SE and Cann JR (2000), "Constraints on the energy and chemical balances of the modern TAG and ancient Cyprus seafloor sulfide deposits", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B12), pp. 28,428-477,488.
BibTeX:
@article{Humphris2000,
  author = {Humphris, S E and Cann, J R},
  title = {Constraints on the energy and chemical balances of the modern TAG and ancient Cyprus seafloor sulfide deposits},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {28,428--477,488},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900289},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900289}
}
Hunt JC, Lindsay DJ, Hashimoto J, Fujikura K, Fujiwara Y, Miyake H and Tsuchida S (2000), "Observations of the pelagic fauna over the Pac Manus site, in the Manus Basin, Papau New Guinea: preliminary results", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 15-21.
BibTeX:
@article{Hunt2000,
  author = {Hunt, J C and Lindsay, D J and Hashimoto, J and Fujikura, K and Fujiwara, Y and Miyake, H and Tsuchida, S},
  title = {Observations of the pelagic fauna over the Pac Manus site, in the Manus Basin, Papau New Guinea: preliminary results},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {15--21},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160103.pdf}
}
Johnson HP, Pruis MJ, Van Patten D and Tivey MA (2000), "Density and porosity of upper oceanic crust from seafloor gravity measurements", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 27(7), pp. 1053-1056.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2000,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Pruis, M J and Van Patten, D and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Density and porosity of upper oceanic crust from seafloor gravity measurements},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {27},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1053--1056},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011130},
  doi = {10.1029/1999GL011130}
}
Johnson HP, Hutnak M, Dziak RP, Fox CG, Urcuyo I, Cowen JP, Nabelek J and Fisher CR (2000), "Earthquake-induced changes in a hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge", Nature. Vol. 407(6801), pp. 174-177. Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson2000a,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Hutnak, M and Dziak, R P and Fox, C G and Urcuyo, I and Cowen, J P and Nabelek, J and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Earthquake-induced changes in a hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge},
  journal = {Nature},
  publisher = {Macmillian Magazines Ltd},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {407},
  number = {6801},
  pages = {174--177},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35025040},
  doi = {10.1038/35025040}
}
Juniper S, Garrett K, Shepherd JF, Tamburri K and Wallace K (2000), "IRL: an interactive real-time logging system for ROVs", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 465-473. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Juniper2000,
  author = {Juniper, S and Garrett, K and Shepherd, J F and Tamburri, K and Wallace, K},
  title = {IRL: an interactive real-time logging system for ROVs},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {465--473},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881301},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881301}
}
Kobayashi H and Nagahama T (2000), "The bacterium isolated from Hirondellea gigas (Shinkaioosokoebi)", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 19-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Kobayashi2000,
  author = {Kobayashi, H and Nagahama, T},
  title = {The bacterium isolated from Hirondellea gigas (Shinkaioosokoebi)},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {19--22},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1703.pdf}
}
Kolber ZS, Van Dover CL, Niederman RA and Falkowski PG (2000), "Bacterial photosynthesis in the surface waters of the open ocean", Nature. Vol. 407, pp. 177-179.
BibTeX:
@article{Kolber2000,
  author = {Kolber, Z S and Van Dover, C L and Niederman, R A and Falkowski, P G},
  title = {Bacterial photosynthesis in the surface waters of the open ocean},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {407},
  pages = {177--179},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35025044},
  doi = {10.1038/35025044}
}
Kovacs D (2000), "Dive to the deep ocean: Voyages of exploration and discovery" Austin, Tex. , pp. 64. Raintree Steck-Vaughn.
BibTeX:
@book{Kovacs2000,
  author = {Kovacs, D},
  title = {Dive to the deep ocean: Voyages of exploration and discovery},
  publisher = {Raintree Steck-Vaughn},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {64}
}
Kurras GJ, Fornari DJ, Edwards MH, Perfit MR and Smith MC (2000), "Volcanic morphology of the East Pacific Rise Crest 9 degrees 49'-52': Implications for volcanic emplacement processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges", Marine Geophysical Researches., feb, 2000. Vol. 21(1-2), pp. 23-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Kurras2000,
  author = {Kurras, G J and Fornari, D J and Edwards, M H and Perfit, M R and Smith, M C},
  title = {Volcanic morphology of the East Pacific Rise Crest 9 degrees 49'-52': Implications for volcanic emplacement processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {23--41},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004792202764},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1004792202764}
}
Le Bris N, Sarradin PM, Birot D and Alayse-Danet AM (2000), "A new chemical analyzer for in situ measurement of nitrate and total sulfide over hydrothermal vent biological communities", Marine Chemistry. Vol. 72(1), pp. 1-15.
BibTeX:
@article{LeBris2000,
  author = {Le Bris, N and Sarradin, P -M and Birot, D and Alayse-Danet, A M},
  title = {A new chemical analyzer for in situ measurement of nitrate and total sulfide over hydrothermal vent biological communities},
  journal = {Marine Chemistry},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {72},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--15},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00057-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00057-8}
}
Lindsay DJ, Hunt JC, Hashimoto J, Fujiwara Y, Fujikura K, Miyake H and Tsuchida S (2000), "Submersible observations on the deep-sea fauna of the south-west Indian Ocean: preliminary results for the mesopelagic and near-bottom communities", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 23-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Lindsay2000,
  author = {Lindsay, D J and Hunt, J C and Hashimoto, J and Fujiwara, Y and Fujikura, K and Miyake, H and Tsuchida, S},
  title = {Submersible observations on the deep-sea fauna of the south-west Indian Ocean: preliminary results for the mesopelagic and near-bottom communities},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {23--33},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160104.pdf}
}
Lipman PW, Sisson TW, Ui T and Naka J (2000), "In search of ancestral Kilauea Volcano", Geology. Vol. 28(12), pp. 1079-1082.
BibTeX:
@article{Lipman2000,
  author = {Lipman, P W and Sisson, T W and Ui, T and Naka, J},
  title = {In search of ancestral Kilauea Volcano},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {28},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1079--1082},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28%3C1079:ISOAKV%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1079:ISOAKV>2.0.CO;2}
}
Lutz RA and Kristof E (2000), "Deep-sea vents: Science at the extreme", National Geographic Magazine., oct, 2000. Vol. 198(4), pp. 116-127.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz2000,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Kristof, E},
  title = {Deep-sea vents: Science at the extreme},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {198},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116--127}
}
Maicher D, White JDL and Batiza R (2000), "Sheet hyaloclastite; density-current deposits of quench and bubble-burst fragments from thin, glassy sheet lava flows, Seamount Six, eastern Pacific Ocean", Marine Geology. Vol. 171(1-4), pp. 75-94.
BibTeX:
@article{Maicher2000,
  author = {Maicher, D and White, J D L and Batiza, R},
  title = {Sheet hyaloclastite; density-current deposits of quench and bubble-burst fragments from thin, glassy sheet lava flows, Seamount Six, eastern Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {171},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {75--94},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00109-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00109-2}
}
Matsumoto T (2000), "Gravity measurement by use of deep sea submersibles", Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan. Vol. 46(2), pp. 89-108.
BibTeX:
@article{Matsumoto2000,
  author = {Matsumoto, T},
  title = {Gravity measurement by use of deep sea submersibles},
  journal = {Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {46},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89--108}
}
Matthias PK and Silloway RF (2000), "Use of automated seabed photomosaicing in forensic analysis of the RMS TITANIC disaster", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 667-671. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Matthias2000,
  author = {Matthias, P K and Silloway, R F},
  title = {Use of automated seabed photomosaicing in forensic analysis of the RMS TITANIC disaster},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {667--671},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881330},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881330}
}
McMullin ER, Bergquist DC and Fisher CR (2000), "Metazoans in Extreme Environments: Adaptations of Hydrothermal Vent and Hydrocarbon Seep Fauna", Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin. Vol. 13(2), pp. 13-23.
BibTeX:
@article{McMullin2000,
  author = {McMullin, E R and Bergquist, D C and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Metazoans in Extreme Environments: Adaptations of Hydrothermal Vent and Hydrocarbon Seep Fauna},
  journal = {Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13--23}
}
Miller RJ, Smith CR, DeMaster DJ and Fornes WL (2000), "Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders: A super(234)Th tracer approach", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 58(4), pp. 653-673.
BibTeX:
@article{Miller2000,
  author = {Miller, R J and Smith, C R and DeMaster, D J and Fornes, W L},
  title = {Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders: A super(234)Th tracer approach},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {58},
  number = {4},
  pages = {653--673},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224000321511061},
  doi = {10.1357/002224000321511061}
}
Mitchell NC, Tivey MA and Gente P (2000), "Seafloor slopes at mid-ocean ridges from submersible observations and implications for interpreting geology from seafloor topography", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 183(3-4), pp. 543-555.
BibTeX:
@article{Mitchell2000,
  author = {Mitchell, N C and Tivey, M A and Gente, P},
  title = {Seafloor slopes at mid-ocean ridges from submersible observations and implications for interpreting geology from seafloor topography},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {183},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {543--555},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00270-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00270-3}
}
Mitsuzawa K, Masuda H, Seama N, Hasegawa Y, Miyamoto M, Togashi N, So A and Yamanobe H (2000), "Preliminary report of Deep-Tow/Yokosuka Cruise at hydrothermal areas in the Mid and Southern Mariana", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 73-87.
BibTeX:
@article{Mitsuzawa2000,
  author = {Mitsuzawa, K and Masuda, H and Seama, N and Hasegawa, Y and Miyamoto, M and Togashi, N and So, A and Yamanobe, H},
  title = {Preliminary report of Deep-Tow/Yokosuka Cruise at hydrothermal areas in the Mid and Southern Mariana},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {73--87},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1710.pdf}
}
Muench U, Halbach P and Fujimoto H (2000), "Sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization from the Mt. Jourdanne, Southwest Indian Ridge", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 125-132.
BibTeX:
@article{Muench2000,
  author = {Muench, U and Halbach, P and Fujimoto, H},
  title = {Sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization from the Mt. Jourdanne, Southwest Indian Ridge},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {125--132},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160212.pdf}
}
Mullineaux LS, Fisher CR, Peterson CH and Schaeffer SW (2000), "Tubeworm succession at hydrothermal vents: Use of biogenic cues to reduce habitat selection error?", Oecologia. Vol. 123(2), pp. 275-284.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux2000,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Fisher, C R and Peterson, C H and Schaeffer, S W},
  title = {Tubeworm succession at hydrothermal vents: Use of biogenic cues to reduce habitat selection error?},
  journal = {Oecologia},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {123},
  number = {2},
  pages = {275--284},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420051014},
  doi = {10.1007/s004420051014}
}
Naka J (2000), "Preliminary results of the Deep Sea Research Cruises around Hawaiian Islands using ROV KAIKO and R/V KAIREI in 1998 and DSRV SHINKAI 6500 and R/V YOKOSUKA in 1999", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 1-12.
BibTeX:
@article{Naka2000,
  author = {Naka, J},
  title = {Preliminary results of the Deep Sea Research Cruises around Hawaiian Islands using ROV KAIKO and R/V KAIREI in 1998 and DSRV SHINKAI 6500 and R/V YOKOSUKA in 1999},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1--12},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1701.pdf}
}
Negahdaripour S and Khamene A (2000), "Motion-based compression of underwater video imagery for the operations of unmanned submersible vehicles", Computer Vision and Image Understanding. Vol. 79(1), pp. 162-183.
BibTeX:
@article{Negahdaripour2000,
  author = {Negahdaripour, S and Khamene, A},
  title = {Motion-based compression of underwater video imagery for the operations of unmanned submersible vehicles},
  journal = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {162--183},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cviu.2000.0845},
  doi = {10.1006/cviu.2000.0845}
}
Nelson K and Fisher CR (2000), "Absence of cospeciation in deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts", Symbiosis. Vol. 28, pp. 1-15.
BibTeX:
@article{Nelson2000,
  author = {Nelson, K and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Absence of cospeciation in deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts},
  journal = {Symbiosis},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {1--15}
}
Newman WA and Tavares M (2000), "A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities", Zoosystema. Vol. 22(1), pp. 71-84.
BibTeX:
@article{Newman2000,
  author = {Newman, W A and Tavares, M},
  title = {A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities},
  journal = {Zoosystema},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--84},
  url = {http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/zoosyst/z00n1a4.pdf}
}
Okutani T and Fujiwara Y (2000), "Gastropod fauna of a thermal vent site on the North Knoll of Iheya Ridge, Okinawa Trough", Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology. Vol. 59(2), pp. 123-128.
BibTeX:
@article{Okutani2000,
  author = {Okutani, T and Fujiwara, Y},
  title = {Gastropod fauna of a thermal vent site on the North Knoll of Iheya Ridge, Okinawa Trough},
  journal = {Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--128}
}
Pancost RD, Damste JSS, De Lint S, Van der Maarel MJ and Gottschal JC (2000), "Biomarker evidence for widespread anaerobic methane oxidation in Mediterranean sediments by a consortium of methanogenic archaea and bacteria", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 66(3), pp. 1126-1132.
BibTeX:
@article{Pancost2000,
  author = {Pancost, R D and Damste, J S S and De Lint, S and Van der Maarel, M J and Gottschal, J C},
  title = {Biomarker evidence for widespread anaerobic methane oxidation in Mediterranean sediments by a consortium of methanogenic archaea and bacteria},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1126--1132},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/3/1126},
  doi = {10.1128/AEM.66.3.1126-1132.2000}
}
Paull CK, Neumann AC, am Ende BA, Ussler W and Rodriguez NM (2000), "Lithoherms on the Florida-Hatteras Slope", Marine Geology. Vol. 166(1-4), pp. 83-101.
BibTeX:
@article{Paull2000,
  author = {Paull, C K and Neumann, A C and am Ende, B A and Ussler, W and Rodriguez, N M},
  title = {Lithoherms on the Florida-Hatteras Slope},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {166},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {83--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00003-7},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00003-7}
}
Peek AS, Gaut BS, Feldman RA, Barry JP, Kochevar RE, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (2000), "Neutral and nonneutral mitochondrial genetic variation in deep-sea clams from the family Vesicomyidae", Journal of Molecular Evolution. Vol. 50(2), pp. 141-153.
BibTeX:
@article{Peek2000,
  author = {Peek, A S and Gaut, B S and Feldman, R A and Barry, J P and Kochevar, R E and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Neutral and nonneutral mitochondrial genetic variation in deep-sea clams from the family Vesicomyidae},
  journal = {Journal of Molecular Evolution},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141--153},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910016},
  doi = {10.1007/s002399910016}
}
Purcell M, Von Alt C, Allen B, Austin T, Forrester N, Goldsborough R and Stokey R (2000), "New capabilities of the REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 147-151. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Purcell2000,
  author = {Purcell, M and Von Alt, C and Allen, B and Austin, T and Forrester, N and Goldsborough, R and Stokey, R},
  title = {New capabilities of the REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {147--151},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881250},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881250}
}
Revillon S, Hallot E, Arndt NT, Chauvel C and Duncan RA (2000), "A complex history for the Caribbean Plateau; petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of the Beata Ridge, South Hispaniola", Journal of Geology. Vol. 108(6), pp. 641-661.
BibTeX:
@article{Revillon2000,
  author = {Revillon, S and Hallot, E and Arndt, N T and Chauvel, C and Duncan, R A},
  title = {A complex history for the Caribbean Plateau; petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of the Beata Ridge, South Hispaniola},
  journal = {Journal of Geology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {108},
  number = {6},
  pages = {641--661},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317953},
  doi = {10.1086/317953}
}
Reysenbach AL, Banta AB, Boone DR, Cary SC and Luther GW (2000), "Microbial essentials at hydrothermal vents", Nature. Vol. 404(6780), pp. 835.
BibTeX:
@article{Reysenbach2000,
  author = {Reysenbach, A -L and Banta, A B and Boone, D R and Cary, S C and Luther, G W},
  title = {Microbial essentials at hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {404},
  number = {6780},
  pages = {835},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35009029},
  doi = {10.1038/35009029}
}
Robison BH (2000), "The coevolution of undersea vehicles and deep-sea research", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 33(4), pp. 65-73.
BibTeX:
@article{Robison2000,
  author = {Robison, B H},
  title = {The coevolution of undersea vehicles and deep-sea research},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {65--73}
}
Roman C, Pizarro O, Eustice R and Singh H (2000), "New autonomous underwater vehicle for imaging research", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 153-156. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Roman2000,
  author = {Roman, C and Pizarro, O and Eustice, R and Singh, H},
  title = {New autonomous underwater vehicle for imaging research},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {153--156},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881251},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881251}
}
Rona PA (2000), "Deep-diving manned research submersibles", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 33(4), pp. 13-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona2000,
  author = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Deep-diving manned research submersibles},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {13--25}
}
Rozan TF, Theberge SM and Luther GW (2000), "Quantifying elemental sulfur (S[sup 0]), bisulfide (HS[sup -]) and polysulfides (S[sub x sup 2-]) using a voltammetric method.", Analytica Chimica Acta. Vol. 415(1-2), pp. 175-184.
BibTeX:
@article{Rozan2000,
  author = {Rozan, T F and Theberge, S M and Luther, G W},
  title = {Quantifying elemental sulfur (S[sup 0]), bisulfide (HS[sup -]) and polysulfides (S[sub x sup 2-]) using a voltammetric method.},
  journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {415},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {175--184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00844-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00844-8}
}
Scheirer DS, Fornari DJ, Humphris SE and Lerner S (2000), "High-resolution seafloor mapping using the DSL-120 sonar system: Quantitative assessment of sidescan and phase-bathymetry data from the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Marine Geophysical Researches., feb, 2000. Vol. 21(1-2), pp. 121-142.
BibTeX:
@article{Scheirer2000,
  author = {Scheirer, D S and Fornari, D J and Humphris, S E and Lerner, S},
  title = {High-resolution seafloor mapping using the DSL-120 sonar system: Quantitative assessment of sidescan and phase-bathymetry data from the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {121--142},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004701429848},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1004701429848}
}
Screaton E, Carson B, Davis E and Becker K (2000), "Permeability of a decollement zone: Results from a two-well experiment in the Barbados accretionary complex", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B9), pp. 21,403-421,410.
BibTeX:
@article{Screaton2000,
  author = {Screaton, E and Carson, B and Davis, E and Becker, K},
  title = {Permeability of a decollement zone: Results from a two-well experiment in the Barbados accretionary complex},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B9},
  pages = {21,403--421,410},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900220},
  doi = {10.1029/2000JB900220}
}
Sell AF (2000), "Life in the extreme environment at a hydrothermal vent: Haemoglobin in a deep-sea copepod", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 267(1459), pp. 2323-2326.
BibTeX:
@article{Sell2000,
  author = {Sell, A F},
  title = {Life in the extreme environment at a hydrothermal vent: Haemoglobin in a deep-sea copepod},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {267},
  number = {1459},
  pages = {2323--2326},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1286},
  doi = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1286}
}
Sheader M, Van Dover CL and Shank TM (2000), "Structure and function of Halice hesmonectes (Amphipoda: Pardaliscidae) swarms from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific", Marine Biology. Vol. 136(5), pp. 901-911.
BibTeX:
@article{Sheader2000,
  author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L and Shank, T M},
  title = {Structure and function of Halice hesmonectes (Amphipoda: Pardaliscidae) swarms from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {136},
  number = {5},
  pages = {901--911},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000300},
  doi = {10.1007/s002270000300}
}
Singh H, Roman C, Whitcomb L and Yoerger DR (2000), "Advances in fusion of high resolution underwater optical and acoustic data", In Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology, Tokyo, Japan, May 23-26, 2000. Piscatway, N.J. , pp. 206-211. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Singh2000,
  author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Advances in fusion of high resolution underwater optical and acoustic data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology, Tokyo, Japan, May 23-26, 2000},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {206--211},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/UT.2000.852544},
  doi = {10.1109/UT.2000.852544}
}
Singh H, Pizarro O, Duester A and Howland JC (2000), "Optical imaging from the ABE AUV", Sea Technology. Vol. 41(4), pp. 39-43.
BibTeX:
@article{Singh2000a,
  author = {Singh, H and Pizarro, O and Duester, A and Howland, J C},
  title = {Optical imaging from the ABE AUV},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {41},
  number = {4},
  pages = {39--43}
}
Singh H, Whitcomb L, Yoerger DR and Pizarro O (2000), "Microbathymetric mapping from underwater vehicles in the deep ocean", Computer Vision and Image Understanding. Vol. 79(1), pp. 143-161.
BibTeX:
@article{Singh2000b,
  author = {Singh, H and Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R and Pizarro, O},
  title = {Microbathymetric mapping from underwater vehicles in the deep ocean},
  journal = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {143--161},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cviu.2000.0850},
  doi = {10.1006/cviu.2000.0850}
}
Stewart MA (2000), "Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from Hess Deep: Implications for crustal construction processes beneath mid-ocean ridges; and, the stable-chlorine isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses" Durham, N.C. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 311. Duke University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Stewart2000,
  author = {Stewart, M A},
  title = {Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from Hess Deep: Implications for crustal construction processes beneath mid-ocean ridges; and, the stable-chlorine isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses},
  publisher = {Duke University},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {311}
}
Stokey RP and Austin T (2000), "The NaviComputer: A portable long baseline navigation system designed for interface to an autonomous underwater vehicle", In Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 3, pp. 2115-2121. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stokey2000,
  author = {Stokey, R P and Austin, T},
  title = {The NaviComputer: A portable long baseline navigation system designed for interface to an autonomous underwater vehicle},
  booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {2115--2121},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882247},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882247}
}
Sturm ME, Goldstein SJ, Klein EM, Karson JA and Murrell MT (2000), "Uranium-series age constraints on lavas from the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, MARK area", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 181(1-2), pp. 61-70.
BibTeX:
@article{Sturm2000,
  author = {Sturm, M E and Goldstein, S J and Klein, E M and Karson, J A and Murrell, M T},
  title = {Uranium-series age constraints on lavas from the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, MARK area},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {181},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {61--70},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00177-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00177-1}
}
Sudarikov SM and Roumiantsev AB (2000), "Structure of hydrothermal plumes at the Logatchev vent field, 14 degrees 45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Evidence from geochemical and geophysical data", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 101(3-4), pp. 245-252.
BibTeX:
@article{Sudarikov2000,
  author = {Sudarikov, S M and Roumiantsev, A B},
  title = {Structure of hydrothermal plumes at the Logatchev vent field, 14 degrees 45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Evidence from geochemical and geophysical data},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {101},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {245--252},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00174-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00174-8}
}
Taillefert M, Luther GW and Nuzzio DB (2000), "The application of electrochemical tools for in situ measurements in aquatic systems", Electroanalysis. Vol. 12(6), pp. 401-412.
BibTeX:
@article{Taillefert2000,
  author = {Taillefert, M and Luther, G W and Nuzzio, D B},
  title = {The application of electrochemical tools for in situ measurements in aquatic systems},
  journal = {Electroanalysis},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {401--412},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(20000401)12:6%3C401::AID-ELAN401%3E3.3.CO 2-L},
  doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(20000401)12:6<401::AID-ELAN401>3.3.CO;2-L}
}
Takeuchi A, Okamura Y, Kato Y, Ikehara K, Zhang J, Satake K, Nagao T, Hirano M and Watanabe M (2000), "Large earthquakes and bottom disturbances in the Okushiri Ridge along the eastern margin of Japan Sea", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 29-46.
BibTeX:
@article{Takeuchi2000,
  author = {Takeuchi, A and Okamura, Y and Kato, Y and Ikehara, K and Zhang, J and Satake, K and Nagao, T and Hirano, M and Watanabe, M},
  title = {Large earthquakes and bottom disturbances in the Okushiri Ridge along the eastern margin of Japan Sea},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {29--46},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160204.pdf}
}
Toye S (2000), "Deep Submergence: The beginnings of Alvin as a tool of basic research and introduction of featured speaker Dr. Robert D. Ballard", In 50 years of ocean discovery: National Science Foundation, 1950-2000. Washington, D.C. , pp. 65-66. National Academy Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Toye2000,
  author = {Toye, S},
  title = {Deep Submergence: The beginnings of Alvin as a tool of basic research and introduction of featured speaker Dr. Robert D. Ballard},
  booktitle = {50 years of ocean discovery: National Science Foundation, 1950-2000},
  publisher = {National Academy Press},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {65--66}
}
Tsuchida S, Watanabe K, Ishibashi J, Miyake H, Watabe H, Yamaguchi T, Kitajima T, Nakano A, Matsumura M, Watanabe H, Tsumune D, Shitashima K, Okamura K, Urabe T, Nakamura K, Fujimoto H and Mitsuzawa K (2000), "Preliminary report of a biological, geological, and geochemical survey on hydrothermalism at the Hotoma and Minna Knolls SF sub(6) tracer experiment to observe the behavior of hydrothermal plume at South East Pacific Rise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 35-42.
BibTeX:
@article{Tsuchida2000,
  author = {Tsuchida, S and Watanabe, K and Ishibashi, J and Miyake, H and Watabe, H and Yamaguchi, T and Kitajima, T and Nakano, A and Matsumura, M and Watanabe, H and Tsumune, D and Shitashima, K and Okamura, K and Urabe, T and Nakamura, K and Fujimoto, H and Mitsuzawa, K},
  title = {Preliminary report of a biological, geological, and geochemical survey on hydrothermalism at the Hotoma and Minna Knolls SF sub(6) tracer experiment to observe the behavior of hydrothermal plume at South East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {35--42},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1706.pdf}
}
Ura T and Obara T (2000), "R-One Robot", Sea Technology. Vol. 41(7), pp. 30-34.
BibTeX:
@article{Ura2000,
  author = {Ura, T and Obara, T},
  title = {R-One Robot},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {41},
  number = {7},
  pages = {30--34}
}
Van Dover CL and Trask JL (2000), "Diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vent and intertidal mussel beds", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 195, pp. 169-178.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover2000,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Trask, J L},
  title = {Diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vent and intertidal mussel beds},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {195},
  pages = {169--178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps195169},
  doi = {10.3354/meps195169}
}
Vetriani C and Reysenbach AL (2000), "Archaea", In Encyclopedia of microbiology. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 1, pp. 319-331. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Vetriani2000,
  author = {Vetriani, C and Reysenbach, A -L},
  editor = {Lederberg, L},
  title = {Archaea},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of microbiology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {319--331}
}
Vinogradov GM (2000), "Growth rate of the colony of a deep-water gorgonarian Chrysogorgia agassizi: In situ observations", Ophelia. Vol. 53(2), pp. 101-103.
BibTeX:
@article{Vinogradov2000,
  author = {Vinogradov, G M},
  title = {Growth rate of the colony of a deep-water gorgonarian Chrysogorgia agassizi: In situ observations},
  journal = {Ophelia},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101--103}
}
Vinogradov ME, Vereshchaka AL, Vinigradov GM and Musaeva EI (2000), "Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre", Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological Series. Vol. 4, pp. 496-510.
BibTeX:
@article{Vinogradov2000a,
  author = {Vinogradov, M E and Vereshchaka, A L and Vinigradov, G M and Musaeva, E I},
  title = {Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological Series},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {496--510}
}
Voight JR (2000), "A deep-sea octopus (Graneledone cf. boreopacifica) as a shell-crushing hydrothermal vent predator", Journal of Zoology. Vol. 252(3), pp. 335-341.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2000,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {A deep-sea octopus (Graneledone cf. boreopacifica) as a shell-crushing hydrothermal vent predator},
  journal = {Journal of Zoology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {252},
  number = {3},
  pages = {335--341},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836900000078},
  doi = {10.1017/S0952836900000078}
}
Voight JR (2000), "The distribution of octopuses of Graneledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in reference to deep-sea features", Malacologia. Vol. 42(1-2), pp. 63-74.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2000a,
  author = {Voight, J R},
  title = {The distribution of octopuses of Graneledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in reference to deep-sea features},
  journal = {Malacologia},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {63--74}
}
Voight JR and Grehan AJ (2000), "Egg brooding by deep-sea octopuses in the North Pacific Ocean", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 198(1), pp. 94-100.
BibTeX:
@article{Voight2000b,
  author = {Voight, J R and Grehan, A J},
  title = {Egg brooding by deep-sea octopuses in the North Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {198},
  number = {1},
  pages = {94--100},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/198/1/94}
}
Von Damm KL (2000), "Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from 9 degrees -10 degrees N, East Pacific Rise: 'Time zero,' the immediate posteruptive period", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105(B5), pp. 11,203-211,222.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm2000,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from 9 degrees -10 degrees N, East Pacific Rise: 'Time zero,' the immediate posteruptive period},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {105},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {11,203--211,222},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900414},
  doi = {10.1029/1999JB900414}
}
Watanabe K (2000), "Dive surveys on knolls off the north-east of the Iriomote Island--The Iriomote Knoll and the Daiichi and Daini Kohama Knolls", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (16), pp. 19-28.
BibTeX:
@article{Watanabe2000,
  author = {Watanabe, K},
  title = {Dive surveys on knolls off the north-east of the Iriomote Island--The Iriomote Knoll and the Daiichi and Daini Kohama Knolls},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {16},
  pages = {19--28},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/160203.pdf}
}
Wheat CG and Mottl MJ (2000), "Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare: Global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 64(4), pp. 629-642.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat2000,
  author = {Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare: Global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {629--642},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00347-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00347-6}
}
Whitcomb L, Yoerger DR, Singh H and Howland J (2000), "Advances in underwater robot vehicles for deep ocean exploration: Navigation, control, and survey operations", In Robotics research: the Ninth International Symposium. New York , pp. 1-9. Springer.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Whitcomb2000,
  author = {Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R and Singh, H and Howland, J},
  editor = {Hollerbach, J M},
  title = {Advances in underwater robot vehicles for deep ocean exploration: Navigation, control, and survey operations},
  booktitle = {Robotics research: the Ninth International Symposium},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {1--9}
}
White SN (2000), "An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 189. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{White2000,
  author = {White, S N},
  title = {An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {189},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4053},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/4053}
}
White SN, Chave AD, Reynolds GT, Gaidos EJ, Tyson JA and Van Dover CL (2000), "Variations in ambient light emission from black smokers and flange pools on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 27(8), pp. 1151-1154.
BibTeX:
@article{White2000a,
  author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Gaidos, E J and Tyson, J A and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Variations in ambient light emission from black smokers and flange pools on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {27},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1151--1154},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011074},
  doi = {10.1029/1999GL011074}
}
Williams AB, Smith CR and Baco AR (2000), "New species of the genus Paralomis (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from a sunken whale carcass in the San Clemente Basin off southern California", Journal of Crustacean Biology. Vol. 20(Special no. 2), pp. 281-285.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams2000,
  author = {Williams, A B and Smith, C R and Baco, A R},
  title = {New species of the genus Paralomis (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from a sunken whale carcass in the San Clemente Basin off southern California},
  journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {20},
  number = {Special no. 2},
  pages = {281--285},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549506}
}
Williams S, Newman B, Dissanayake P and Gamini DW (2000), "Autonomous underwater simultaneous localisation and map building", In Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 2, pp. 1793-1798. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Williams2000a,
  author = {Williams, S and Newman, B and Dissanayake, P and Gamini, D W},
  title = {Autonomous underwater simultaneous localisation and map building},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1793--1798},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844855},
  doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844855}
}
Wu S, Sakamoto I, Horiuchi S, Misawa Y and Ohta S (2000), "Sedimentation processes and deformation at south flank of Zenisu Ridge, Philippine Sea revealed by 'Shinkai 6500' Dive 523 and seismic data", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 53-64.
BibTeX:
@article{Wu2000,
  author = {Wu, S and Sakamoto, I and Horiuchi, S and Misawa, Y and Ohta, S},
  title = {Sedimentation processes and deformation at south flank of Zenisu Ridge, Philippine Sea revealed by 'Shinkai 6500' Dive 523 and seismic data},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {53--64},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1708.pdf}
}
Wu S, Sakamoto I, Iwase R, Kawaguchi K, Misawa Y and Wong HK (2000), "Seafloor sedimentary processes on the western slope of Sagami Bay, Central Japan: Deep tow observations", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (17), pp. 43-52.
BibTeX:
@article{Wu2000a,
  author = {Wu, S and Sakamoto, I and Iwase, R and Kawaguchi, K and Misawa, Y and Wong, H K},
  title = {Seafloor sedimentary processes on the western slope of Sagami Bay, Central Japan: Deep tow observations},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {2000},
  number = {17},
  pages = {43--52},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1707.pdf}
}
Yang JW and Edwards RN (2000), "Controlled source time-domain electromagnetic methods for seafloor electric conductivity mapping", Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. Vol. 10(2), pp. 270-274.
BibTeX:
@article{Yang2000,
  author = {Yang, J -W and Edwards, R N},
  title = {Controlled source time-domain electromagnetic methods for seafloor electric conductivity mapping},
  journal = {Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {270--274}
}
Yoerger DR (2000), "Fine-scale three-dimensional mapping of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site using the Jason ROV system", International Journal of Robotics Research. Vol. 19(11), pp. 1000-1014.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger2000,
  author = {Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Fine-scale three-dimensional mapping of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site using the Jason ROV system},
  journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {19},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1000--1014},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783640022067931},
  doi = {10.1177/02783640022067931}
}
Yoerger DR (2000), "Fine-scale seafloor survey in rugged deep-ocean terrain with an autonomous robot", In Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 2, pp. 1787-1792. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger2000a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Fine-scale seafloor survey in rugged deep-ocean terrain with an autonomous robot},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1787--1792},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854},
  doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854}
}
Baco AR, Smith CR, Peek AS, Roderick GK and Vrijenhoek RC (1999), "The phylogenetic relationships of whale-fall vesicomyid clams based on mitochondrial COI DNA sequences", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 182, pp. 137-147.
BibTeX:
@article{Baco1999,
  author = {Baco, A R and Smith, C R and Peek, A S and Roderick, G K and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {The phylogenetic relationships of whale-fall vesicomyid clams based on mitochondrial COI DNA sequences},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {182},
  pages = {137--147},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps182137},
  doi = {10.3354/meps182137}
}
Cailliet GM, Andrews AH, Wakefield WW, Moreno G and Rhodes KL (1999), "Fish faunal and habitat analyses using trawls, camera sleds and submersibles in benthic deep-sea habitats off central California", Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 22(6), pp. 579-592.
BibTeX:
@article{Cailliet1999,
  author = {Cailliet, G M and Andrews, A H and Wakefield, W W and Moreno, G and Rhodes, K L},
  title = {Fish faunal and habitat analyses using trawls, camera sleds and submersibles in benthic deep-sea habitats off central California},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {579--592},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)88949-5},
  doi = {10.1016/S0399-1784(00)88949-5}
}
Chadwick WW, Gregg TKP and Embley RW (1999), "Submarine lineated sheet flows: a unique lava morphology formed on subsiding lava ponds", Bulletin of Volcanology. Vol. 61(3), pp. 194-206.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick1999,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Gregg, T K P and Embley, R W},
  title = {Submarine lineated sheet flows: a unique lava morphology formed on subsiding lava ponds},
  journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {61},
  number = {3},
  pages = {194--206},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050271},
  doi = {10.1007/s004450050271}
}
Cochran JR, Fornari DJ, Coakley BJ, Herr R and Tivey MA (1999), "Continuous near-bottom gravity measurements made with a BGM-3 gravimeter in DSV Alvin on the East Pacific Rise crest near 9 degrees 31 degrees N and 9 degrees 50'N", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 104(B5), pp. 10,810-841,861.
BibTeX:
@article{Cochran1999,
  author = {Cochran, J R and Fornari, D J and Coakley, B J and Herr, R and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Continuous near-bottom gravity measurements made with a BGM-3 gravimeter in DSV Alvin on the East Pacific Rise crest near 9 degrees 31 degrees N and 9 degrees 50'N},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {104},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {10,810--841,861},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900049},
  doi = {10.1029/1999JB900049}
}
Davis EE and Becker K (1999), "Tidal pumping of fluids within and from the oceanic crust: new observations and opportunities for sampling the crustal hydrosphere", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 172(1-2), pp. 141-149.
BibTeX:
@article{Davis1999,
  author = {Davis, E E and Becker, K},
  title = {Tidal pumping of fluids within and from the oceanic crust: new observations and opportunities for sampling the crustal hydrosphere},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {172},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {141--149},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00197-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00197-1}
}
Di Meo CA, Wakefield JR and Cary SC (1999), "A new device for sampling small volumes of water from marine micro-environments", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 46(7), pp. 1279-1287.
BibTeX:
@article{DiMeo1999,
  author = {Di Meo, C A and Wakefield, J R and Cary, S C},
  title = {A new device for sampling small volumes of water from marine micro-environments},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {46},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1279--1287},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00002-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00002-3}
}
Embley RW, Chadwick WW, Clague DA and Stakes D (1999), "1998 eruption of Axial Volcano: multibeam anomalies and sea-floor observations", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 26(23), pp. 3425-3428.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1999,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W and Clague, D A and Stakes, D},
  title = {1998 eruption of Axial Volcano: multibeam anomalies and sea-floor observations},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {26},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3425--3428},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL002328},
  doi = {10.1029/1999GL002328}
}
Fujimoto H (1999), "Long-term ocean bottom pressure measurement and acoustic ranging across the spreading axis of the southern East Pacific Rise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 35-42.
BibTeX:
@article{Fujimoto1999,
  author = {Fujimoto, H},
  title = {Long-term ocean bottom pressure measurement and acoustic ranging across the spreading axis of the southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {35--42},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1403.pdf}
}
Fujioka K, Mitsuzawa K, Kinoshita M, Ishibashi J, Joshima M, Shitashima K, Maruyama A and Cowen JP (1999), "Hydrothermal activity and long-term monitoring at Southern East Pacific Rise - Preliminary results of the Ridge Flux SEPR'97 Leg 2 cruise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 21-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Fujioka1999,
  author = {Fujioka, K and Mitsuzawa, K and Kinoshita, M and Ishibashi, J and Joshima, M and Shitashima, K and Maruyama, A and Cowen, J P},
  title = {Hydrothermal activity and long-term monitoring at Southern East Pacific Rise - Preliminary results of the Ridge Flux SEPR'97 Leg 2 cruise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {21--33},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1402.pdf}
}
Fujioka Y (1999), "Cnidarian Communities on the rocky bottom of upper bathyal zone off Kikai Island, southern Japan", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 285-304.
BibTeX:
@article{Fujioka1999a,
  author = {Fujioka, Y},
  title = {Cnidarian Communities on the rocky bottom of upper bathyal zone off Kikai Island, southern Japan},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {285--304},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1127(1).pdf}
}
Fujiwara T, Goto S and Kobayashi K (1999), "Bathymetric and gravity survey of the eastern Nankai Trough", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 357-361.
BibTeX:
@article{Fujiwara1999,
  author = {Fujiwara, T and Goto, S and Kobayashi, K},
  title = {Bathymetric and gravity survey of the eastern Nankai Trough},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {357--361},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1428.pdf}
}
Gilbert LA and Johnson HP (1999), "Direct measurements of oceanic crustal density at the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 26(24), pp. 3633-3636.
BibTeX:
@article{Gilbert1999,
  author = {Gilbert, L A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Direct measurements of oceanic crustal density at the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {26},
  number = {24},
  pages = {3633--3636},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008391},
  doi = {10.1029/1999GL008391}
}
Halanych KM, Tieger M, O'Mullan GD, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (1999), "Brief description of biological communities at 7 degrees S on the East Pacific Rise", InterRidge News. Vol. 8(2), pp. 23-27.
BibTeX:
@article{Halanych1999,
  author = {Halanych, K M and Tieger, M and O'Mullan, G D and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Brief description of biological communities at 7 degrees S on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {InterRidge News},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23--27},
  url = {http://interridge.whoi.edu/files/interridge/IRNewsVol8-2.pdf}
}
Hashimoto J, Ota S, Auzende JM, Fiala-Medioni A, Miura T, Nishimura K, Malagun S, Kikuchi T and Ishibashi J (1999), "Hydrothermal vent communities in the PACMANUS site, Manus Basin. Results of the BIOACCESS Cruise '96 in the Manus Basin", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 91-102.
BibTeX:
@article{Hashimoto1999,
  author = {Hashimoto, J and Ota, S and Auzende, J M and Fiala-Medioni, A and Miura, T and Nishimura, K and Malagun, S and Kikuchi, T and Ishibashi, J},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent communities in the PACMANUS site, Manus Basin. Results of the BIOACCESS Cruise '96 in the Manus Basin},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {91--102},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1409.pdf}
}
Hattori M and Okano M (1999), "In situ sea bottom Gamma ray surveys by manned submersibles and ROV", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 639-660.
BibTeX:
@article{Hattori1999,
  author = {Hattori, M and Okano, M},
  title = {In situ sea bottom Gamma ray surveys by manned submersibles and ROV},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {639--660},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1456.pdf}
}
Hirano S, Ogawa Y, Yujiro F, Fujioka K and Kawamura K (1999), "Temporal changes of cracks in the oceanward slope of northern Japan Trench off Sanriku: Six-year observation by submersibles", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 445-454.
BibTeX:
@article{Hirano1999,
  author = {Hirano, S and Ogawa, Y and Yujiro, F and Fujioka, K and Kawamura, K},
  title = {Temporal changes of cracks in the oceanward slope of northern Japan Trench off Sanriku: Six-year observation by submersibles},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {445--454},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1436.pdf}
}
Howland JC, Singh H, Marra M and Potter D (1999), "Digital mosaicking of underwater imagery", Sea Technology. Vol. 40(6), pp. 65-69.
BibTeX:
@article{Howland1999,
  author = {Howland, J C and Singh, H and Marra, M and Potter, D},
  title = {Digital mosaicking of underwater imagery},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {40},
  number = {6},
  pages = {65--69}
}
Ikehara K (1999), "Paleocurrent analysis of deep-sea turbidites collected by submersible: An example from the Okushiri Basin, northern Japan Sea", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 455-465.
BibTeX:
@article{Ikehara1999,
  author = {Ikehara, K},
  title = {Paleocurrent analysis of deep-sea turbidites collected by submersible: An example from the Okushiri Basin, northern Japan Sea},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {455--465},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1437.pdf}
}
Ishibashi J, Okamura K, Tsumune D, Nakamura K, Urabe T, Shitashima K, Roe K and Cowen JP (1999), "Geochemical studies of hydrothermal activities along the S-EPR by Shinkai 6500", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 53-59.
BibTeX:
@article{Ishibashi1999,
  author = {Ishibashi, J and Okamura, K and Tsumune, D and Nakamura, K and Urabe, T and Shitashima, K and Roe, K and Cowen, J P},
  title = {Geochemical studies of hydrothermal activities along the S-EPR by Shinkai 6500},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {53--59},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1405.pdf}
}
Karson JA, Hurst SD, Klein EM and Party HD'99S (1999), "Large-scale Argo II digital images of upper crustal structures at Hess Deep", RIDGE Events. Vol. 10(1), pp. 29-32.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1999,
  author = {Karson, J A and Hurst, S D and Klein, E M and Party, Hess Deep '99 Scientific},
  title = {Large-scale Argo II digital images of upper crustal structures at Hess Deep},
  journal = {RIDGE Events},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--32},
  url = {http://www.ridge2000.org/science/downloads/newsletters/R2KNews0699.pdf}
}
Karson JA (1999), "Geological investigation of a lineated massif at the Kane Transform Fault: Implications for oceanic core complexes", Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. Vol. 357(1753), pp. 713-740.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1999a,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  title = {Geological investigation of a lineated massif at the Kane Transform Fault: Implications for oceanic core complexes},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {357},
  number = {1753},
  pages = {713--740},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1999.0350},
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.1999.0350}
}
Kennish MJ and Lutz RA (1999), "Calcium carbonate dissolution rates in deep-sea bivalve shells on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: results of an 8- year in-situ experiment", Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Vol. 154(4), pp. 293-299.
BibTeX:
@article{Kennish1999,
  author = {Kennish, M J and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Calcium carbonate dissolution rates in deep-sea bivalve shells on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: results of an 8- year in-situ experiment},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {154},
  number = {4},
  pages = {293--299},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00102-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00102-9}
}
Kinoshita M, Ytow N, Akashi A and Takekawa K (1999), "Detailed mapping of a hydrothermal field using navigation and visual data of submersible Shinkai 6500", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 661-669.
BibTeX:
@article{Kinoshita1999,
  author = {Kinoshita, M and Ytow, N and Akashi, A and Takekawa, K},
  title = {Detailed mapping of a hydrothermal field using navigation and visual data of submersible Shinkai 6500},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {661--669},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1457.pdf}
}
Kuramoto S and Joshima M (1999), "Precise gravity measurements for gas hydrate layer", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 371-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Kuramoto1999,
  author = {Kuramoto, S and Joshima, M},
  title = {Precise gravity measurements for gas hydrate layer},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {371--379},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1430.pdf}
}
Matsumoto T, Kimura M, Nishida S, Nakamura T and Ono T (1999), "Chemosynthetic communities and surface ruptures discovered on the Kuroshima Knoll south of Yaeyama Islands (NT97-14 Cruise)", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 477-491.
BibTeX:
@article{Matsumoto1999,
  author = {Matsumoto, T and Kimura, M and Nishida, S and Nakamura, T and Ono, T},
  title = {Chemosynthetic communities and surface ruptures discovered on the Kuroshima Knoll south of Yaeyama Islands (NT97-14 Cruise)},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {477--491},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1439.pdf}
}
McAdoo BG (1999), "Submarine geomorphology of the Cascadia accretionary prism" Santa Cruz, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 152. University of California, Santa Cruz.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{McAdoo1999,
  author = {McAdoo, B G},
  title = {Submarine geomorphology of the Cascadia accretionary prism},
  publisher = {University of California, Santa Cruz},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {152}
}
Mitsuzawa K, Sugawara T, Nakamura K, Urabe T and Fujioka K (1999), "Ten-days observation period on a low-temperature hydrothermal field at the Southern East Pacific Rise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 79-90.
BibTeX:
@article{Mitsuzawa1999,
  author = {Mitsuzawa, K and Sugawara, T and Nakamura, K and Urabe, T and Fujioka, K},
  title = {Ten-days observation period on a low-temperature hydrothermal field at the Southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {79--90},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1408.pdf}
}
Mochizuki M, Kanazawa T, Nishizawa A, Kishimoto K and Urabe T (1999), "Long-term ocean bottom earthquake observation in the East Pacific Rise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 43-51.
BibTeX:
@article{Mochizuki1999,
  author = {Mochizuki, M and Kanazawa, T and Nishizawa, A and Kishimoto, K and Urabe, T},
  title = {Long-term ocean bottom earthquake observation in the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {43--51},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1404.pdf}
}
Normark WR (1999), "Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 18(3), pp. 179-188.
BibTeX:
@article{Normark1999,
  author = {Normark, W R},
  title = {Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {179--188},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050066},
  doi = {10.1007/s003670050066}
}
Schouten H, Tivey MA, Fornari DJ and Cochran JR (1999), "Central anomaly magnetization high; constraints on the volcanic construction and architecture of seismic Layer 2A at a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge, the EPR at 9 degrees 30'-50'N", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 169(1-2), pp. 37-50.
BibTeX:
@article{Schouten1999,
  author = {Schouten, H and Tivey, M A and Fornari, D J and Cochran, J R},
  title = {Central anomaly magnetization high; constraints on the volcanic construction and architecture of seismic Layer 2A at a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge, the EPR at 9 degrees 30'-50'N},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {169},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {37--50},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00063-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00063-1}
}
Scott KM, Bright M, Macko SA and Fisher CR (1999), "Carbon dioxide use by chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans: affinities for carbon dioxide, absence of carboxysomes, and delta C-13 values", Marine Biology., oct, 1999. Vol. 135(1), pp. 25-34.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott1999,
  author = {Scott, K M and Bright, M and Macko, S A and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Carbon dioxide use by chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans: affinities for carbon dioxide, absence of carboxysomes, and delta C-13 values},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {135},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--34},
  doi = {10.1007/s002270050597}
}
Singh H, Weyer F, Howland J, Duester A, Yoerger DR and Bradley A (1999), "Quantitative stereo imaging from the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)", In Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 52-57. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Singh1999,
  author = {Singh, H and Weyer, F and Howland, J and Duester, A and Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A},
  title = {Quantitative stereo imaging from the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)},
  booktitle = {Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {52--57},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799706},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799706}
}
Slowey NC, Neumann AC and Burns SJ (1999), "Submarine outcrop and acoustic expression of lithified sediment layers in northwest Providence Channel, Bahamas", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 18(4), pp. 292-296.
BibTeX:
@article{Slowey1999,
  author = {Slowey, N C and Neumann, A C and Burns, S J},
  title = {Submarine outcrop and acoustic expression of lithified sediment layers in northwest Providence Channel, Bahamas},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {292--296},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050082},
  doi = {10.1007/s003670050082}
}
Snow ER (1999), "Advances in grasping and vehicle contact identification : analysis, design and testing of robust methods for underwater robot manipulation" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 228. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Snow1999,
  author = {Snow, E R},
  title = {Advances in grasping and vehicle contact identification : analysis, design and testing of robust methods for underwater robot manipulation},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {228},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4695},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/4695}
}
Thistle D, Levin LA, Gooday AJ, Pfannkuche O and Lambshead PJD (1999), "Physical reworking by near-bottom flow alters the metazoan meiofauna of Fieberling Guyot (northeast Pacific)", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 46(12), pp. 2041-2052.
BibTeX:
@article{Thistle1999,
  author = {Thistle, D and Levin, L A and Gooday, A J and Pfannkuche, O and Lambshead, P J D},
  title = {Physical reworking by near-bottom flow alters the metazoan meiofauna of Fieberling Guyot (northeast Pacific)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {46},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2041--2052},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00040-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00040-0}
}
Urabe T and Fujioka K (1999), "Installation of long-term monitoring stations at the superfast-spreading Southern East Pacific Rise", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 1-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Urabe1999,
  author = {Urabe, T and Fujioka, K},
  title = {Installation of long-term monitoring stations at the superfast-spreading Southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {1--19},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1401.pdf}
}
Van Dover CL (1999), "Reproductive biology: deep-sea clams feel the heat", Nature. Vol. 397(6716), pp. 205-207.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1999,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Reproductive biology: deep-sea clams feel the heat},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {397},
  number = {6716},
  pages = {205--207},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16580},
  doi = {10.1038/16580}
}
Vetriani C, Jannasch HW, MacGregor BJ, Stahl DA and Reysenbach AL (1999), "Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic Archaea in deep-sea sediments", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 65(10), pp. 4375-4384.
BibTeX:
@article{Vetriani1999,
  author = {Vetriani, C and Jannasch, H W and MacGregor, B J and Stahl, D A and Reysenbach, A -L},
  title = {Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic Archaea in deep-sea sediments},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {65},
  number = {10},
  pages = {4375--4384},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=91581}
}
Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (1999), "Preliminary experiments in model-based thruster control for underwater vehicle positioning", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 24(4), pp. 495-506.
BibTeX:
@article{Whitcomb1999,
  author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Preliminary experiments in model-based thruster control for underwater vehicle positioning},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {495--506},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.809273},
  doi = {10.1109/48.809273}
}
Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (1999), "Development, comparison and preliminary experimental validation of nonlinear dyanmic thruster models", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 24(4), pp. 481-494.
BibTeX:
@article{Whitcomb1999a,
  author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Development, comparison and preliminary experimental validation of nonlinear dyanmic thruster models},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--494},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.809270},
  doi = {10.1109/48.809270}
}
Xu X and Negahdaripour S (1999), "Automatic optical station keeping and navigation of an ROV; sea trial experiments", In Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 71-76. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Xu1999,
  author = {Xu, X and Negahdaripour, S},
  title = {Automatic optical station keeping and navigation of an ROV; sea trial experiments},
  booktitle = {Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {71--76},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799709},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799709}
}
Yanagibayashi M, Kato C, Li L, Nogi Y, Inada T, Taira K, Kikuma T, Suzuki K and Horikoshi K (1999), "Changes in bacterial community in Japan Trench sediment during cultivation without decompression", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 553-560.
BibTeX:
@article{Yanagibayashi1999,
  author = {Yanagibayashi, M and Kato, C and Li, L and Nogi, Y and Inada, T and Taira, K and Kikuma, T and Suzuki, K and Horikoshi, K},
  title = {Changes in bacterial community in Japan Trench sediment during cultivation without decompression},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1999},
  number = {14},
  pages = {553--560},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1447.pdf}
}
Aller RC, Hall POJ, Rude PD and Aller JY (1998), "Biogeochemical heterogeneity and suboxic diagenesis in hemipelagic sediments of the Panama basin", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 45(1), pp. 133-165.
Abstract: Early diagenetic processes in hemipelagic sediments of the Panama Basin (∼3900 m) are strongly influenced by an active benthic community and intense bioturbation comparable to organic-rich, shallow water deposits. Rapid reworking enhances the role of suboxic decomposition, particularly Mn cycling, and burrow formation increases biogeochemical heterogeneity as reflected in pore-water profiles. Apparent regular patterns in the distribution of some solutes, such as NH+4 and Mn2+, around identifiable burrow structures are consistent with the active irrigation of burrows and a biogenic origin for heterogeneity. The effects of infauna are sufficiently pervasive, relative to the size of normal samples, that similar variations in solute patterns between cores can be observed when samples are separated over wide-ranging spatial scales, from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. The spatial variation in pore-water solute distributions in samples (cores, passive-equilibration “peepers”) taken during a single cruise is comparable to the interannual variability observed between cruises over a 4 yr period. Mineralized tubes and associated burrow complexes are direct visual evidence for biogenic heterogeneity in these deposits and for a significant interaction between macroinfauna and suboxic microbial communities. Comparison of in situ peeper arrays with cores processed on board ship confirms a variety of retrieval and handling artifacts also inferred in other studies. These appear to be largely related to core warming, promoting lysis of biomass, dissolution of biogenic debris, and irreversibly producing subsurface NH+4 maxima and increasing concentration gradients of NO-3, NO-2, and Si(OH)4. Agreements and mismatches between solute fluxes predicted from cores, in situ peeper arrays, and a benthic flux incubation chamber are consistent with various retrieval artifacts and with the enhancement of NO-3 (nitrification) and Si(OH)4 fluxes by burrow irrigation. Unlike organic-poor, deep-sea deposits from oligotrophic regions, where the sediment–water interface can be the site of most benthic decomposition, subsurface processes are significant in the Panama Basin, and average reaction rate attenuation with sediment depth, is similar to that in bioturbated shallow-water deposits.
BibTeX:
@article{Aller1998,
  author = {Aller, R C and Hall, P O J and Rude, P D and Aller, J Y},
  title = {Biogeochemical heterogeneity and suboxic diagenesis in hemipelagic sediments of the Panama basin},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1},
  pages = {133--165},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00049-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00049-6}
}
Bachmayer R, Humphris SE, Fornari DJ, Van Dover CL, Howland J, Bowen A, Elder R, Crook T, Gleason DE, Sellers W and Lerner S (1998), "Oceanographic research using remotely operated underwater robotic vehicles: exploration of hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 North 32 West", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 32(3), pp. 37-47.
BibTeX:
@article{Bachmayer1998,
  author = {Bachmayer, R and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Van Dover, C L and Howland, J and Bowen, A and Elder, R and Crook, T and Gleason, D E and Sellers, W and Lerner, S},
  title = {Oceanographic research using remotely operated underwater robotic vehicles: exploration of hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 North 32 West},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37--47}
}
Ballard RD (1998), "Oceans of Earth and beyond; the JASON Project IX", Geotimes. Vol. 43(6), pp. 14-17.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1998,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Oceans of Earth and beyond; the JASON Project IX},
  journal = {Geotimes},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {43},
  number = {6},
  pages = {14--17}
}
Baron SR (1998), "Hydrothermal vent precipitates: A study of temporal and geographic variations in black smoker particles and chimneys from 9-10 degrees north, East Pacific Rise" Santa Barbara, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 175. University of California, Santa Barbara.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Baron1998,
  author = {Baron, S R},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent precipitates: A study of temporal and geographic variations in black smoker particles and chimneys from 9-10 degrees north, East Pacific Rise},
  publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {175}
}
Beaulieu SE and Baldwin R (1998), "Temporal variability in currents and the benthic boundary layer at an abyssal station off central California", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 587-615.
BibTeX:
@article{Beaulieu1998,
  author = {Beaulieu, S E and Baldwin, R},
  title = {Temporal variability in currents and the benthic boundary layer at an abyssal station off central California},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {587--615},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00095-7},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00095-7}
}
Beaulieu SE and Smith KL (1998), "Phytodetritus entering the benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 781-815.
BibTeX:
@article{Beaulieu1998a,
  author = {Beaulieu, S E and Smith, K L},
  title = {Phytodetritus entering the benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {781--815},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00003-4},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00003-4}
}
Black MB, Trivedi A, Maas PAY, Lutz RA and Vrijenhoek RC (1998), "Population genetics and biogeography of vestimentiferan tube worms", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 365-382.
BibTeX:
@article{Black1998,
  author = {Black, M B and Trivedi, A and Maas, P A Y and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Population genetics and biogeography of vestimentiferan tube worms},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {365--382},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3}
}
Bowen MF and Peters DB (1998), "A deep sea docking station for ODYSSEY class autonomous underwater vehicles", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 98-11, pp. 71. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bowen1998,
  author = {Bowen, M F and Peters, D B},
  title = {A deep sea docking station for ODYSSEY class autonomous underwater vehicles},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98-11},
  pages = {71},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/319}
}
Bowen A, Williams R and Torchio DR (1998), "M.V. Derbyshire phase 2 survey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution cruise report", In M.V. Derbyshire surveys: UK/EC Assessors' report. Brussels, Belgium; London , pp. 1:209-1:230. European Commission, Directorate-General for Transport; DTER.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen1998a,
  author = {Bowen, A and Williams, R and Torchio, D R},
  editor = {Williams, R},
  title = {M.V. Derbyshire phase 2 survey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution cruise report},
  booktitle = {M.V. Derbyshire surveys: UK/EC Assessors' report},
  publisher = {European Commission, Directorate-General for Transport; DTER},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {1:209--1:230}
}
Bowen MF (1998), "A passive capture latch for ODYSSEY-class AUVs", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 98-12, pp. 12. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bowen1998b,
  author = {Bowen, M F},
  title = {A passive capture latch for ODYSSEY-class AUVs},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98-12},
  pages = {12},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/320},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/320}
}
Bowen MF (1998), "Ultimate ocean depth packaging for a digital ring laser gyroscope", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 98-15, pp. 24. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bowen1998c,
  author = {Bowen, M F},
  title = {Ultimate ocean depth packaging for a digital ring laser gyroscope},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98-15},
  pages = {24},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/323}
}
Buck WR, Delaney PT, Karson JA and Lagabrielle L (1998), "Faulting and magmatism at mid-ocean ridges", In Geophysical Monograph. Washington, D.C. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@book{Buck1998,
  author = {Buck, W R and Delaney, P T and Karson, J A and Lagabrielle, L},
  title = {Faulting and magmatism at mid-ocean ridges},
  booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1998}
}
Calder DR and Vervoort W (1998), "Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the north Atlantic Ocean", Zoologische Verhandelingen. Vol. 319, pp. 1-65.
BibTeX:
@article{Calder1998,
  author = {Calder, D R and Vervoort, W},
  title = {Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the north Atlantic Ocean},
  journal = {Zoologische Verhandelingen},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {319},
  pages = {1--65}
}
Calder DR (1998), "Hydroid diversity and species composition along a gradient from shallow waters to deep sea around Bermuda", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 45(11), pp. 1843-1860.
BibTeX:
@article{Calder1998a,
  author = {Calder, D R},
  title = {Hydroid diversity and species composition along a gradient from shallow waters to deep sea around Bermuda},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1843--1860},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00044-2},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00044-2}
}
Chadwick WW and Embley RW (1998), "Graben formation associated with recent dike intrusions and volcanic eruptions on the mid-ocean ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103(B5), pp. 9807-9825.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick1998,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W},
  title = {Graben formation associated with recent dike intrusions and volcanic eruptions on the mid-ocean ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {9807--9825},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JB02485},
  doi = {10.1029/97JB02485}
}
Curewitz D and Karson JA (1998), "Geological consequences of dike intrusion at mid-ocean ridge spreading centers", In Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Washington, D.C. (106), pp. 117-136. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Curewitz1998,
  author = {Curewitz, D and Karson, J A},
  editor = {Buck, W R},
  title = {Geological consequences of dike intrusion at mid-ocean ridge spreading centers},
  booktitle = {Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1998},
  number = {106},
  pages = {117--136}
}
Davis CS, Gallager SM and Stewart K (1998), "Automated analysis of zooplankton size and taxonomic composition" Woods Hole, Mass. Woods Hole Oceanographic Instutution.
BibTeX:
@book{Davis1998,
  author = {Davis, C S and Gallager, S M and Stewart, K},
  title = {Automated analysis of zooplankton size and taxonomic composition},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Instutution},
  year = {1998},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA348771}
}
Drazen JC, Baldwin RJ and Smith KL (1998), "Sediment community response to a temporally varying food supply at an abyssal station in the N.E. Pacific", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 893-913.
BibTeX:
@article{Drazen1998,
  author = {Drazen, J C and Baldwin, R J and Smith, K L},
  title = {Sediment community response to a temporally varying food supply at an abyssal station in the N.E. Pacific},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {893--913},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00007-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00007-1}
}
Fisher CR (1998), "Temperature and sulphide tolerance of hydrothermal vent fauna", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 39(3-4), pp. 283-286.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1998,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  title = {Temperature and sulphide tolerance of hydrothermal vent fauna},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {283--286}
}
Fornari DJ, Shank TM, Von Damm KL, Gregg TKP, Lilley M, Levai G, Bray A, Haymon RM, Perfit MR and Lutz R (1998), "Time-series temperature measurements at high-temperature hydrothermal vents, East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 49'-51'N; evidence for monitoring a crustal cracking event", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 160(3-4), pp. 419-431.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1998,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Gregg, T K P and Lilley, M and Levai, G and Bray, A and Haymon, R M and Perfit, M R and Lutz, R},
  title = {Time-series temperature measurements at high-temperature hydrothermal vents, East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 49'-51'N; evidence for monitoring a crustal cracking event},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {160},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {419--431},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00101-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00101-0}
}
Fornari DJ, Haymon RM, Perfit MR, Gregg TKP and Edwards MH (1998), "Axial summit trough of the east Pacific Rise 9 degrees -10 degrees N: geological characteristics and evolution of the axial zone on fast spreading mid-ocean ridges", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103(B5), pp. 9827-9855.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1998a,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Perfit, M R and Gregg, T K P and Edwards, M H},
  title = {Axial summit trough of the east Pacific Rise 9 degrees -10 degrees N: geological characteristics and evolution of the axial zone on fast spreading mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {9827--9855},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB00028},
  doi = {10.1029/98JB00028}
}
Fornari DJ, Kurras G, Edwards M, Spencer W and Hersey B (1998), "Mapping volcanic morphology on the crest of the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 49'-52'N using the WHOI towed camera system: a versatile new digital camera sled for seafloor mapping", BRIDGE Newsletter. (14), pp. 4-12.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1998b,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Kurras, G and Edwards, M and Spencer, W and Hersey, B},
  title = {Mapping volcanic morphology on the crest of the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 49'-52'N using the WHOI towed camera system: a versatile new digital camera sled for seafloor mapping},
  journal = {BRIDGE Newsletter},
  year = {1998},
  number = {14},
  pages = {4--12}
}
Fujiwara Y, Tsukahara J, Hashimoto J and Fujikura K (1998), "In situ spawning of a deep-sea vesicomyid clam: Evidence for an environmental cue", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 45(11), pp. 1881-1889.
BibTeX:
@article{Fujiwara1998,
  author = {Fujiwara, Y and Tsukahara, J and Hashimoto, J and Fujikura, K},
  title = {In situ spawning of a deep-sea vesicomyid clam: Evidence for an environmental cue},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1881--1889},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00033-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00033-8}
}
Gao D, Hurst SD, Karson JA, Delaney JR and Speiss FN (1998), "Computer-aided interpretation of side-looking sonar images from the eastern intersection of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge with the Kane Transform", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103(B9), pp. 14,20,921-997.
BibTeX:
@article{Gao1998,
  author = {Gao, D and Hurst, S D and Karson, J A and Delaney, J R and Speiss, F N},
  title = {Computer-aided interpretation of side-looking sonar images from the eastern intersection of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge with the Kane Transform},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {B9},
  pages = {14,20,921--997},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB00165},
  doi = {10.1029/98JB00165}
}
Holden JF, Summit M and Baross JA (1998), "Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms in 3–30°C hydrothermal fluids following a deep-sea volcanic eruption", FEMS Microbiology Ecology. Vol. 25(1), pp. 33-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Holden1998,
  author = {Holden, J F and Summit, M and Baross, J A},
  title = {Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms in 3–30°C hydrothermal fluids following a deep-sea volcanic eruption},
  journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--41},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00458.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00458.x}
}
Howland J (1998), "Imagery collection and mosaicking, Derbyshire survey 1997", In OCC '98 proceedings: the Marine Technology Society Annual Conference; Ocean Community Conference '98, November 16-19 1998, Baltimore Convention Center.. Washington, D.C. Vol. 2, pp. 1104-1108. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Howland1998,
  author = {Howland, J},
  title = {Imagery collection and mosaicking, Derbyshire survey 1997},
  booktitle = {OCC '98 proceedings: the Marine Technology Society Annual Conference; Ocean Community Conference '98, November 16-19 1998, Baltimore Convention Center.},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1104--1108}
}
Karson JA (1998), "Fault rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24 degrees N", In Fault-Related Rocks: A Photographic Atlas. Princeton, N.J. , pp. 194-197. Princeton University Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1998,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Snoke, A W},
  title = {Fault rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24 degrees N},
  booktitle = {Fault-Related Rocks: A Photographic Atlas},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {194--197}
}
Karson JA (1998), "Internal structure of oceanic lithosphere: A perspective from tectonic windows", In Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Washington, D.C. (106), pp. 177-218. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1998a,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Buck, W R},
  title = {Internal structure of oceanic lithosphere: A perspective from tectonic windows},
  booktitle = {Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1998},
  number = {106},
  pages = {177--218}
}
Kawaguchi K, Momma H and Iwase R (1998), "Submarine cable handling system for deep underwater vehicles", In Oceans '98: conference proceedings : 28 September-1 October, 1998, Nice, France, Acropoils Convention Center. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 3, pp. 1233-1237. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Kawaguchi1998,
  author = {Kawaguchi, K and Momma, H and Iwase, R},
  title = {Submarine cable handling system for deep underwater vehicles},
  booktitle = {Oceans '98: conference proceedings : 28 September-1 October, 1998, Nice, France, Acropoils Convention Center},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1233--1237},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1998.726265},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1998.726265}
}
Kim SL and Mullineaux LS (1998), "Distribution and near-bottom transport of larvae and other plankton at hydrothermal vents", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 423-440.
BibTeX:
@article{Kim1998,
  author = {Kim, S L and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Distribution and near-bottom transport of larvae and other plankton at hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {423--440},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00042-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00042-8}
}
Kurras GJ, Edwards MH and Fornari DJ (1998), "High-resoluion bathymetry of the East Pacific Rise axial summit trough 9 degrees 49'-51'N: a compilation of Alvin scanning sonar and altimetry data from 1991-1995", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 25(8), pp. 1209-1212.
BibTeX:
@article{Kurras1998,
  author = {Kurras, G J and Edwards, M H and Fornari, D J},
  title = {High-resoluion bathymetry of the East Pacific Rise axial summit trough 9 degrees 49'-51'N: a compilation of Alvin scanning sonar and altimetry data from 1991-1995},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1209--1212},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL00721},
  doi = {10.1029/98GL00721}
}
Lalou C, Reyss JL and Brichet E (1998), "Age of sub-bottom sulfide samples at the TAG active mound", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. (158), pp. 111-117. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lalou1998,
  author = {Lalou, C and Reyss, J L and Brichet, E},
  editor = {Riegel, R N},
  title = {Age of sub-bottom sulfide samples at the TAG active mound},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1998},
  number = {158},
  pages = {111--117},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.158.214.1998},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.158.214.1998}
}
Lauerman LML and Kaufmann RS (1998), "Deep-sea epibenthic echinoderms and a temporally varying food supply: results from a one year time series in the N.E. Pacific", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 817-842.
BibTeX:
@article{Lauerman1998,
  author = {Lauerman, L M L and Kaufmann, R S},
  title = {Deep-sea epibenthic echinoderms and a temporally varying food supply: results from a one year time series in the N.E. Pacific},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {817--842},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00004-6},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00004-6}
}
Lawrence RM, Karson JA and Hurst SD (1998), "Dike orientations, fault-block rotations, and the construction of slow spreading oceanic crust at 22 degrees 40' N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103(B1), pp. 663-676.
BibTeX:
@article{Lawrence1998,
  author = {Lawrence, R M and Karson, J A and Hurst, S D},
  title = {Dike orientations, fault-block rotations, and the construction of slow spreading oceanic crust at 22 degrees 40' N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {B1},
  pages = {663--676},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JB02541},
  doi = {10.1029/97JB02541}
}
Lerner S (1998), "Data monitoring, access, and analysis systems for the M.V. Derbyshire survey, 1997", In OCC '98 proceedings: the Marine Technology Society Annual Conference; Ocean Community Conference '98, November 16-19 1998, Baltimore Convention Center.. Washington, D.C. Vol. 2, pp. 1109-1113. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lerner1998,
  author = {Lerner, S},
  title = {Data monitoring, access, and analysis systems for the M.V. Derbyshire survey, 1997},
  booktitle = {OCC '98 proceedings: the Marine Technology Society Annual Conference; Ocean Community Conference '98, November 16-19 1998, Baltimore Convention Center.},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1109--1113}
}
Lutz RA, Desbruyeres D, Shank TM and Vrijenhoek RC (1998), "A deep-sea hydrothermal vent community dominated by Stauromedusae", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 329-334.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1998,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Desbruyeres, D and Shank, T M and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {A deep-sea hydrothermal vent community dominated by Stauromedusae},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {329--334},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00047-7},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00047-7}
}
Maruyama A, Urabe T, Ishibashi J, Feely R and Baker ET (1998), "Global hydrothermal primary production rate estimated from the southern East Pacific Rise", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 39(3-4), pp. 249-252.
BibTeX:
@article{Maruyama1998,
  author = {Maruyama, A and Urabe, T and Ishibashi, J and Feely, R and Baker, E T},
  title = {Global hydrothermal primary production rate estimated from the southern East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {249--252},
  url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb39-3-249-252.pdf}
}
Matsubayashi O, Nishimura K, Kinoshita M and Urabe T (1998), "Array observation of seabottom temperature at a diffusive hydrothermal area within DESMOS Caldera in Manus Basin", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (14), pp. 117-126.
BibTeX:
@article{Matsubayashi1998,
  author = {Matsubayashi, O and Nishimura, K and Kinoshita, M and Urabe, T},
  title = {Array observation of seabottom temperature at a diffusive hydrothermal area within DESMOS Caldera in Manus Basin},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1998},
  number = {14},
  pages = {117--126},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1411.pdf}
}
Mottl MJ, Wheat G, Baker E, Davis E, Feely R, Grehan A, Kadko D, Lilley M, Massoth G, Moyer C and Sansone F (1998), "Warm springs discovered on 3.5 Ma oceanic crust, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geology. Vol. 26(1), pp. 51-54.
BibTeX:
@article{Mottl1998,
  author = {Mottl, M J and Wheat, G and Baker, E and Davis, E and Feely, R and Grehan, A and Kadko, D and Lilley, M and Massoth, G and Moyer, C and Sansone, F},
  title = {Warm springs discovered on 3.5 Ma oceanic crust, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--54},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026%3C0051:WSDOMO%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0051:WSDOMO>2.3.CO;2}
}
Mullineaux LS, Mills SW and Goldman E (1998), "Recruitment variation during a pilot colonization study of hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50'N, East Pacific Rise)", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 441-464.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux1998,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Mills, S W and Goldman, E},
  title = {Recruitment variation during a pilot colonization study of hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50'N, East Pacific Rise)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {441--464},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00045-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00045-3}
}
Nasdala L (1998), "Gordaite [Zn4Na(OH)6(SO4)Cltextperiodcentered6H2O]: Second occurrence in the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and new data", American Mineralogist. Vol. 83(9-10), pp. 1111-1116.
BibTeX:
@article{Nasdala1998,
  author = {Nasdala, L},
  title = {Gordaite [Zn4Na(OH)6(SO4)Cltextperiodcentered6H2O]: Second occurrence in the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and new data},
  journal = {American Mineralogist},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {83},
  number = {9-10},
  pages = {1111--1116},
  url = {http://www.minsocam.org/msa/AmMin/TOC/ArticlesFree/1998/Nasdalap1111-111698.pdf}
}
Ogawa Y and Kawata T (1998), "Preservation of biogenic opal-A in earliest Cretaceous radiolarian claystone from the western Pacific", Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes. Vol. 68(3), pp. 435-439.
BibTeX:
@article{Ogawa1998,
  author = {Ogawa, Y and Kawata, T},
  title = {Preservation of biogenic opal-A in earliest Cretaceous radiolarian claystone from the western Pacific},
  journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {68},
  number = {3},
  pages = {435--439},
  url = {http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/3/435}
}
Perfit MR and Chadwick WW (1998), "Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations", In Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Washington, DC (106), pp. 59-116. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Perfit1998,
  author = {Perfit, M R and Chadwick, W W},
  editor = {Buck, W R},
  title = {Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations},
  booktitle = {Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1998},
  number = {106},
  pages = {59--116}
}
Prieur D (1998), "Diversity of thermophilic micro-organisms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", In Third European marine science and technology conference, Lisbon, 23-27 May 1998: conference proceedings. Luxembourg , pp. 22. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Prieur1998,
  author = {Prieur, D},
  title = {Diversity of thermophilic micro-organisms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Third European marine science and technology conference, Lisbon, 23-27 May 1998: conference proceedings},
  publisher = {Office for Official Publications of the European Communities},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {22}
}
Pruis MJ and Johnson HP (1998), "Porosity of very young oceanic crust from sea floor gravity", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 25(11), pp. 1959-1962.
BibTeX:
@article{Pruis1998,
  author = {Pruis, M J and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Porosity of very young oceanic crust from sea floor gravity},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1959--1962},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL01412},
  doi = {10.1029/98GL01412}
}
Rudenko MV (1998), "Site survey of the Campeche Bank in the Gulf of Mexico", Okeanologija. Vol. 38(1), pp. 129-133.
BibTeX:
@article{Rudenko1998,
  author = {Rudenko, M V},
  title = {Site survey of the Campeche Bank in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Okeanologija},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--133}
}
Sample JC and Reid MR (1998), "Contrasting hydrogeologic regimes along strike-slip and thrust faults on the Oregon convergent margin: Evidence from the chemistry of syntectonic carbonate cements and veins", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 110(1), pp. 48-59.
BibTeX:
@article{Sample1998,
  author = {Sample, J C and Reid, M R},
  title = {Contrasting hydrogeologic regimes along strike-slip and thrust faults on the Oregon convergent margin: Evidence from the chemistry of syntectonic carbonate cements and veins},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {48--59},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110%3C0048:CHRASS%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0048:CHRASS>2.3.CO;2}
}
Sayers CP, Paul RP, Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (1998), "Teleprogramming for subsea teleoperation using acoustic communication", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 23(1), pp. 60-71.
BibTeX:
@article{Sayers1998,
  author = {Sayers, C P and Paul, R P and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Teleprogramming for subsea teleoperation using acoustic communication},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {60--71},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.659450},
  doi = {10.1109/48.659450}
}
Schlueter M, Linke P and Suess E (1998), "Geochemistry of a sealed deep-sea borehole on the Cascadia margin", Marine Geology. Vol. 148(1-2), pp. 9-20.
BibTeX:
@article{Schlueter1998,
  author = {Schlueter, M and Linke, P and Suess, E},
  title = {Geochemistry of a sealed deep-sea borehole on the Cascadia margin},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {148},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {9--20},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00016-4},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00016-4}
}
Scott KM, Bright M and Fisher CR (1998), "The burden of independence: Inorganic carbon utilization strategies of the sulphur chemoautotrophic hydrothermal vent isolate Thiomicrospira crunogena and the symbionts of hydrothermal vent and cold seep vestimentiferans", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 39(3-4), pp. 379-381.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott1998,
  author = {Scott, K M and Bright, M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {The burden of independence: Inorganic carbon utilization strategies of the sulphur chemoautotrophic hydrothermal vent isolate Thiomicrospira crunogena and the symbionts of hydrothermal vent and cold seep vestimentiferans},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {379--381}
}
Shank TM, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Lilley MD, Haymon RM and Lutz RA (1998), "Temporal and spatial patterns of biological community development at nascent deep-sea hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50'N, East Pacific Rise)", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 465-515.
BibTeX:
@article{Shank1998,
  author = {Shank, T M and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M D and Haymon, R M and Lutz, R A},
  title = {Temporal and spatial patterns of biological community development at nascent deep-sea hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50'N, East Pacific Rise)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {465--515},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00089-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00089-1}
}
Shaw TJ, Smoak JM and Lauerman L (1998), "Scavenging of ex-234-Th, ex-230-Th, and ex-210-Pb by particulate matter in the water column of the California continental margin", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 763-779.
BibTeX:
@article{Shaw1998,
  author = {Shaw, T J and Smoak, J M and Lauerman, L},
  title = {Scavenging of ex-234-Th, ex-230-Th, and ex-210-Pb by particulate matter in the water column of the California continental margin},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {763--779},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00101-X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00101-X}
}
Smith KL, Baldwin RJ, Glatts RC, Kaufmann RS and Fisher EC (1998), "Detrital aggregates on the sea floor: chemical composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series station in the abyssal N.E. Pacific", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 843-880.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1998,
  author = {Smith, K L and Baldwin, R J and Glatts, R C and Kaufmann, R S and Fisher, E C},
  title = {Detrital aggregates on the sea floor: chemical composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series station in the abyssal N.E. Pacific},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {843--880},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00005-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00005-8}
}
Smith CR, Maybaum HL, Baco AR, Pope RH, Carpenter SD, Yager PL, Macko SA and Deming JW (1998), "Sediment community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast Pacific: Macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 335-364.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1998a,
  author = {Smith, C R and Maybaum, H L and Baco, A R and Pope, R H and Carpenter, S D and Yager, P L and Macko, S A and Deming, J W},
  title = {Sediment community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast Pacific: Macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {335--364},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00043-X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00043-X}
}
Sohn RA, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Hildebrand JA and Webb SC (1998), "Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50'N", Nature. Vol. 396(6707), pp. 159-161.
BibTeX:
@article{Sohn1998,
  author = {Sohn, R A and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Hildebrand, J A and Webb, S C},
  title = {Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50'N},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {396},
  number = {6707},
  pages = {159--161},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/24146},
  doi = {10.1038/24146}
}
Tebbens SF, Coble PG and Greely T (1998), "Teaching marine science to the next generation: Innovative programs for 6th-8th graders gain momentum", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 79(1), pp. 137,141.
BibTeX:
@article{Tebbens1998,
  author = {Tebbens, S F and Coble, P G and Greely, T},
  title = {Teaching marine science to the next generation: Innovative programs for 6th-8th graders gain momentum},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {79},
  number = {1},
  pages = {137,141},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98EO00096},
  doi = {10.1029/98EO00096}
}
Thistle D (1998), "Harpacticoid copepod diversity at two physically reworked sites in the deep sea", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(1-3), pp. 13-24.
BibTeX:
@article{Thistle1998,
  author = {Thistle, D},
  title = {Harpacticoid copepod diversity at two physically reworked sites in the deep sea},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {13--24},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00044-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00044-1}
}
Thistle D and Levin LA (1998), "The effect of experimentally increased near-bottom flow on metazoan meifauna at a deep-sea site, with comparison data on macrofauna", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 625-638.
BibTeX:
@article{Thistle1998a,
  author = {Thistle, D and Levin, L A},
  title = {The effect of experimentally increased near-bottom flow on metazoan meifauna at a deep-sea site, with comparison data on macrofauna},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {625--638},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00101-5},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00101-5}
}
Tivey MK (1998), "How to build a black smoker chimney", Oceanus. Vol. 41(2), pp. 22-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1998,
  author = {Tivey, M K},
  title = {How to build a black smoker chimney},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22--26}
}
Tivey MA, Johnson PH, Bradley A and Yoerger DR (1998), "Thickness of a submarine lava flow determined from near-bottom magnetic field mapping by autonomous underwater vehicle", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 25(6), pp. 805-808.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1998a,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, P H and Bradley, A and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Thickness of a submarine lava flow determined from near-bottom magnetic field mapping by autonomous underwater vehicle},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {805--808},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL00442},
  doi = {10.1029/98GL00442}
}
Toyokawa M, Toda T, Kikuchi T and Nishida S (1998), "Cnidarians and ctenophores observed from the manned submersible Shinkai 2000 in the midwater of Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of Japan", Plankton Biology and Ecology. Vol. 45(1), pp. 61-74.
BibTeX:
@article{Toyokawa1998,
  author = {Toyokawa, M and Toda, T and Kikuchi, T and Nishida, S},
  title = {Cnidarians and ctenophores observed from the manned submersible Shinkai 2000 in the midwater of Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of Japan},
  journal = {Plankton Biology and Ecology},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--74},
  url = {http://www.plankton.jp/PBE/issue/vol451/vol451061.html}
}
Urcuyo IA, Massoth GJ, MacDonald IR and Fisher CR (1998), "In situ growth of the vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae living in highly diffuse flow environments in the main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Cahiers de Biologie Marine. Vol. 39, pp. 267-270.
BibTeX:
@article{Urcuyo1998,
  author = {Urcuyo, I A and Massoth, G J and MacDonald, I R and Fisher, C R},
  title = {In situ growth of the vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae living in highly diffuse flow environments in the main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {267--270}
}
Vetriani C, Maeder DL, Tolliday N, Klump HH, Yip KSP, Rice DW and Robb FT (1998), "Improving enzyme thermostability: The Thermococcus litoralis glutamate dehydrogenase model", In New developments in marine biotechnology. New York , pp. 221-225. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Vetriani1998,
  author = {Vetriani, C and Maeder, D L and Tolliday, N and Klump, H H and Yip, K S P and Rice, D W and Robb, F T},
  editor = {Le Gal, Y},
  title = {Improving enzyme thermostability: The Thermococcus litoralis glutamate dehydrogenase model},
  booktitle = {New developments in marine biotechnology},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {221--225}
}
Von Damm KL, Bray AM, Buttermore LG and Oosting SE (1998), "The geochemical controls on vent fluids from the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 160(3-4), pp. 521-536.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1998,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Bray, A M and Buttermore, L G and Oosting, S E},
  title = {The geochemical controls on vent fluids from the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {160},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {521--536},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00108-3},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00108-3}
}
Wheat CG, McManus J, Dymond J, Collier R and Whiticar M (1998), "Hydrothermal fluid circulation through the sediment of Crater Lake, Oregon: pore water and heat flow constraints", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103(B5), pp. 9931-9944.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat1998,
  author = {Wheat, C G and McManus, J and Dymond, J and Collier, R and Whiticar, M},
  title = {Hydrothermal fluid circulation through the sediment of Crater Lake, Oregon: pore water and heat flow constraints},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {103},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {9931--9944},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JB03391},
  doi = {10.1029/97JB03391}
}
White SN, Humphris SE and Kleinrock MC (1998), "New observations on the distribution of past and present hydrothermal activity in the TAG area of the mid-Atlantic ridge (26 degrees 08 ' N)", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 20(1), pp. 41-56.
BibTeX:
@article{White1998,
  author = {White, S N and Humphris, S E and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {New observations on the distribution of past and present hydrothermal activity in the TAG area of the mid-Atlantic ridge (26 degrees 08 ' N)},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--56},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004376229719},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1004376229719}
}
Wolgast DM, Carlucci AF and Bauer JE (1998), "Nitrate respiration associated with detrital aggregates in aerobic bottom waters of the abyssal NE Pacific", Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Vol. 45(4-5), pp. 881-892.
BibTeX:
@article{Wolgast1998,
  author = {Wolgast, D M and Carlucci, A F and Bauer, J E},
  title = {Nitrate respiration associated with detrital aggregates in aerobic bottom waters of the abyssal NE Pacific},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {881--892},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00006-X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00006-X}
}
Yoerger DR, Bradley AM, Walden MB, Singh H and Bachmayer R (1998), "Surveying a subsea lava flow using the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)", International Journal of Systems Science. Vol. 29(10), pp. 1031-1044.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1998,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Walden, M B and Singh, H and Bachmayer, R},
  title = {Surveying a subsea lava flow using the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)},
  journal = {International Journal of Systems Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {29},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1031--1044},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729808929596},
  doi = {10.1080/00207729808929596}
}
Bogdanov Y, Sagalevich AM, Galkin SV, Chernyaev ES, Lukashin VN and Ivanov GV (1997), "Geological and biological investigations in the northern part of Mohn Ridge (Norwegian Sea)", Okeanologija. Vol. 37(4), pp. 609-616.
BibTeX:
@article{Bogdanov1997,
  author = {Bogdanov, Y and Sagalevich, A M and Galkin, S V and Chernyaev, E S and Lukashin, V N and Ivanov, G V},
  title = {Geological and biological investigations in the northern part of Mohn Ridge (Norwegian Sea)},
  journal = {Okeanologija},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {37},
  number = {4},
  pages = {609--616}
}
Butterfield DA, Jonasson IR, Massoth GJ, Feely RA, Roe KK, Embley RE, Holden JF, McDuff RE, Lilley MD and Delaney JR (1997), "Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry", Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. Vol. 355(1723), pp. 369-386.
BibTeX:
@article{Butterfield1997,
  author = {Butterfield, D A and Jonasson, I R and Massoth, G J and Feely, R A and Roe, K K and Embley, R E and Holden, J F and McDuff, R E and Lilley, M D and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {355},
  number = {1723},
  pages = {369--386},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1997.0013},
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.1997.0013}
}
Cairns G (1997), "Development of a short-baseline transient EM marine system and its application in the study of the TAG hydrothermal mound" Toronto, Ont., Canada Vol. Ph.D., pp. 174. University of Toronto.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Cairns1997,
  author = {Cairns, G},
  title = {Development of a short-baseline transient EM marine system and its application in the study of the TAG hydrothermal mound},
  publisher = {University of Toronto},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {174},
  url = {http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27616.pdf}
}
Calder DR (1997), "Synopsis of hydroids from 1000m and deeper in the western North Atlantic", In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: the Leeuwenhorst, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 16-21 July 1995. Leiden, The Netherlands , pp. 85-90. Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Calder1997,
  author = {Calder, D R},
  editor = {den Hartog, J C},
  title = {Synopsis of hydroids from 1000m and deeper in the western North Atlantic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: the Leeuwenhorst, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 16-21 July 1995},
  publisher = {Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {85--90}
}
Curewitz D and Karson JA (1997), "Structural settings of hydrothermal outflow: Fracture permeability maintained by fault propagation and interaction", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 79(3-4), pp. 149-168.
BibTeX:
@article{Curewitz1997,
  author = {Curewitz, D and Karson, J A},
  title = {Structural settings of hydrothermal outflow: Fracture permeability maintained by fault propagation and interaction},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {79},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {149--168},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00027-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00027-9}
}
Dril SI, Kuzmin MI, Tsipukova SS and Zonenshain LP (1997), "Geochemistry of basalts from the western Woodlark, Lau and Manus basins: implications for their petrogenesis and source rock compositions", Marine Geology. Vol. 142(1-4), pp. 57-83.
BibTeX:
@article{Dril1997,
  author = {Dril, S I and Kuzmin, M I and Tsipukova, S S and Zonenshain, L P},
  title = {Geochemistry of basalts from the western Woodlark, Lau and Manus basins: implications for their petrogenesis and source rock compositions},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {142},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {57--83},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00041-8},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00041-8}
}
Fornari DJ, Bradley A, Humphris SE, Walden B and Deuster A (1997), "Inductively coupled link (ICL) temperature probes for hot hydrothermal fluid sampling from ROV Jason and DSV Alvin", RIDGE Events. Vol. 8(1), pp. 26-30.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1997,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Bradley, A and Humphris, S E and Walden, B and Deuster, A},
  title = {Inductively coupled link (ICL) temperature probes for hot hydrothermal fluid sampling from ROV Jason and DSV Alvin},
  journal = {RIDGE Events},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26--30},
  url = {http://www.ridge2000.org/science/downloads/newsletters/R2KNews0297.pdf}
}
Fryer P, Gill GB and Jackson MC (1997), "Volcanologic and tectonic evolution of the Kasuga seamounts, northern Mariana Trough: Alvin submersible investigations", Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 79(3), pp. 277-311.
BibTeX:
@article{Fryer1997,
  author = {Fryer, P and Gill, G B and Jackson, M C},
  title = {Volcanologic and tectonic evolution of the Kasuga seamounts, northern Mariana Trough: Alvin submersible investigations},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {79},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--311},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00013-9},
  doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00013-9}
}
Galkin SV (1997), "Megafauna associated with hydrothermal vents in the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea)", Marine Geology. Vol. 142(1-4), pp. 197-206.
BibTeX:
@article{Galkin1997,
  author = {Galkin, S V},
  title = {Megafauna associated with hydrothermal vents in the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea)},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {142},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {197--206},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00051-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00051-0}
}
Goff JA and Tucholke BE (1997), "Multiscale spectral analysis of bathymetry on the flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Modification of the seafloor by mass wasting and sedimentation", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 102(B7), pp. 15,415-447,462.
BibTeX:
@article{Goff1997,
  author = {Goff, J A and Tucholke, B E},
  title = {Multiscale spectral analysis of bathymetry on the flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Modification of the seafloor by mass wasting and sedimentation},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {102},
  number = {B7},
  pages = {15,415--447,462},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JB00723},
  doi = {10.1029/97JB00723}
}
Karson JA and Lawrence RM (1997), "Tectonic setting of serpentinite exposures on the western median valley wall of the MARK area in the vicinity of Site 920", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 153, pp. 5-21. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1997,
  author = {Karson, J A and Lawrence, R M},
  editor = {Stokking, L},
  title = {Tectonic setting of serpentinite exposures on the western median valley wall of the MARK area in the vicinity of Site 920},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {153},
  pages = {5--21},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.001.1997},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.001.1997}
}
Karson JA and Lawrence RM (1997), "Tectonic window into Gabbroic rocks of the middle oceanic crust in the MARK area near sites 921-924", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 153, pp. 61-76. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1997a,
  author = {Karson, J A and Lawrence, R M},
  editor = {Stokking, L},
  title = {Tectonic window into Gabbroic rocks of the middle oceanic crust in the MARK area near sites 921-924},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {153},
  pages = {61--76},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.005.1997},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.005.1997}
}
Karson JA and Cannat M (1997), "Tectonic synthesis of the MARK Area: Episodic crustal stretching and magmatism on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 153, pp. 5-21. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1997b,
  author = {Karson, J A and Cannat, M},
  editor = {Stocking, L},
  title = {Tectonic synthesis of the MARK Area: Episodic crustal stretching and magmatism on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {153},
  pages = {5--21},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.001.1997},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.153.001.1997}
}
Karson JA, Cannat M, Miller J and Party ODPL153SS (1997), "Critical boundaries in earth's history - and the K-T boundary", JOIDES Journal. Vol. 23(1), pp. 1-3,10.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1997c,
  author = {Karson, J A and Cannat, M and Miller, J and Party, O D P Leg 153 Shipboard Scientific},
  title = {Critical boundaries in earth's history - and the K-T boundary},
  journal = {JOIDES Journal},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--3,10},
  url = {http://odp.pangaea.de/publications/citations/joidesj/joidesj231.pdfpage=14}
}
Kobayashi K, Fujioka K, Fujiwara T, Iwabuchi Y and Kitazato H (1997), "Why is the Palau Trench so deep? Deep-sea trench without plate convergence", Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences. Vol. 73(6), pp. 89-94.
BibTeX:
@article{Kobayashi1997,
  author = {Kobayashi, K and Fujioka, K and Fujiwara, T and Iwabuchi, Y and Kitazato, H},
  title = {Why is the Palau Trench so deep? Deep-sea trench without plate convergence},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {73},
  number = {6},
  pages = {89--94}
}
Kuenzler RO, Kwasniewski JT, Jinks RN, Lakin RC, Battelle BA, Herzog ED, Kass L, Renninger GH and Chamberlain SC (1997), "Retinal anatomy of new breslid shrimp from the Lucky Strike and Broken Spur hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 77(3), pp. 707-725.
BibTeX:
@article{Kuenzler1997,
  author = {Kuenzler, R O and Kwasniewski, J T and Jinks, R N and Lakin, R C and Battelle, B A and Herzog, E D and Kass, L and Renninger, G H and Chamberlain, S C},
  title = {Retinal anatomy of new breslid shrimp from the Lucky Strike and Broken Spur hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {77},
  number = {3},
  pages = {707--725}
}
Langmuir C, Humphris SE, Fornari DJ, Van Dover CL, Von Damm KL, Tivey MK, Colodner D, Charlou JL, Desonie D, Wilson D, Fouquet Y, Klinkhammer G and Bougault H (1997), "Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot: The Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 148(1-2), pp. 69-91.
BibTeX:
@article{Langmuir1997,
  author = {Langmuir, C and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Van Dover, C L and Von Damm, K L and Tivey, M K and Colodner, D and Charlou, J L and Desonie, D and Wilson, D and Fouquet, Y and Klinkhammer, G and Bougault, H},
  title = {Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot: The Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {148},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {69--91},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00027-7},
  doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00027-7}
}
Martineu P, Juniper SK, Fisher CR and Massoth GJ (1997), "Sulfide binding in the body fluids of hydrothermal vent alvinellid polychaetes", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 70(5), pp. 578-588.
BibTeX:
@article{Martineu1997,
  author = {Martineu, P and Juniper, S K and Fisher, C R and Massoth, G J},
  title = {Sulfide binding in the body fluids of hydrothermal vent alvinellid polychaetes},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {70},
  number = {5},
  pages = {578--588},
  doi = {10.1086/515864}
}
McAdoo BG, Kayen R, Orange DL, Screaton EJ and Lee H (1997), "Slope basins, headless canyons, and submarine palaeoseismology of the Cascadia accretionary complex", Basin Research. Vol. 9(4), pp. 313-324.
BibTeX:
@article{McAdoo1997,
  author = {McAdoo, B G and Kayen, R and Orange, D L and Screaton, E J and Lee, H},
  title = {Slope basins, headless canyons, and submarine palaeoseismology of the Cascadia accretionary complex},
  journal = {Basin Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {313--324},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00049.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00049.x}
}
Orange DL, Screaton EJ, Chezar H, Lee H, Reid M, Vail R, McAdoo BG, Casey Moore J and Tobin H (1997), "Headless submarine canyons and fluid flow on the toe of the Cascadia accretionary complex", Basin Research. Vol. 9(4), pp. 303-312.
BibTeX:
@article{Orange1997,
  author = {Orange, D L and Screaton, E J and Chezar, H and Lee, H and Reid, M and Vail, R and McAdoo, B G and Casey Moore, J and Tobin, H},
  title = {Headless submarine canyons and fluid flow on the toe of the Cascadia accretionary complex},
  journal = {Basin Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {303--312},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00045.x},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00045.x}
}
Saldanha L and Biscoito M (1997), "Fishes from the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent sites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)", Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. Vol. 49, pp. 189-206.
BibTeX:
@article{Saldanha1997,
  author = {Saldanha, L and Biscoito, M},
  title = {Fishes from the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent sites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)},
  journal = {Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {189--206}
}
Snow ER and Yoerger DR (1997), "Devising a misalignment tolerant subsea grasping system", In Oceans '97 MTS/IEEE : conference proceedings : 6-9 October 1997, World Trade and Convention Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 2, pp. 1222-1229. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Snow1997,
  author = {Snow, E R and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Devising a misalignment tolerant subsea grasping system},
  booktitle = {Oceans '97 MTS/IEEE : conference proceedings : 6-9 October 1997, World Trade and Convention Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1222--1229},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624170},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624170}
}
Tunnicliffe V, Embley RW, Holden JF, Butterfield DA, Massoth GJ and Juniper SK (1997), "Biological colonization of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca Ridge", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 44(9-10), pp. 1627-1644.
BibTeX:
@article{Tunnicliffe1997,
  author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Embley, R W and Holden, J F and Butterfield, D A and Massoth, G J and Juniper, S K},
  title = {Biological colonization of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {44},
  number = {9-10},
  pages = {1627--1644},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1}
}
Van Dover CL (1997), "Deep-ocean journeys: Discovering new life at the bottom of the sea" Reading, Mass. , pp. 197. Addison-Wesley.
BibTeX:
@book{VanDover1997,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Deep-ocean journeys: Discovering new life at the bottom of the sea},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {197}
}
Wells WA (1997), "Seeking extremophiles Recombinant Biocatalysis, Inc.", Chemistry & Biology. Vol. 4(5), pp. 401-402.
BibTeX:
@article{Wells1997,
  author = {Wells, W A},
  title = {Seeking extremophiles Recombinant Biocatalysis, Inc.},
  journal = {Chemistry & Biology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {401--402},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-5521(97)90130-7},
  doi = {10.1016/S1074-5521(97)90130-7}
}
Wharton DN, Jinks RN, Herzog ED, Battelle BA, Kass L, Renninger GH and Chamberlain SC (1997), "Morphology of the eye of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Alvinocaris markensis", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 77(4), pp. 1097-1108.
BibTeX:
@article{Wharton1997,
  author = {Wharton, D N and Jinks, R N and Herzog, E D and Battelle, B A and Kass, L and Renninger, G H and Chamberlain, S C},
  title = {Morphology of the eye of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Alvinocaris markensis},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {77},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1097--1108},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400038650},
  doi = {10.1017/S0025315400038650}
}
Wooding FB, Bowen AD, Yoerger DR, Chave AD and Dodeman AH (1997), "Mechanical design and deployment of the Hawaii-2 Observatory", In Proceedings of International Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables: Marine geophysical research using undersea cables. , pp. 172-174. Japan Print Center.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Wooding1997,
  author = {Wooding, F B and Bowen, A D and Yoerger, D R and Chave, A D and Dodeman, A H},
  title = {Mechanical design and deployment of the Hawaii-2 Observatory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables: Marine geophysical research using undersea cables},
  publisher = {Japan Print Center},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {172--174}
}
(1997), "Woods Hole launches new era with R/V Atlantis", Sea Technology. Vol. 38(12), pp. 69-71.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Woods Hole launches new era with R/V Atlantis},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {38},
  number = {12},
  pages = {69--71}
}
Alexander RT and Macdonald KC (1996), "Sea Beam, SeaMARC II and Alvin-based studies of faulting on the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 20' N-9 degrees 50' N", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 18(5), pp. 557-587.
Abstract: A study of Sea Beam bathymetry and SeaMARC II side-scan sonar allows us to make quantitative measures of the contribution of faulting to the creation of abyssal hill topography on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9°15′ N–9°50′ N. We conclude that fault locations and throws can be confidently determined with just Sea Beam and SeaMARC II based on a number of in situ observations made from the ALVIN submersible. A compilation of 1026 fault scarp locations and scarp height measurements shows systematic variations both parallel and perpendicular to the ridge axis. Outward-facing fault scarps (facing away from the ridge axis), begin to develop within ∼2 km of the ridge and reach their final average height of ∼60 m at 5–7 km. Beyond these distances, outward-dipping faults appear to be locked, although there is some indication of continued lengthening of outward-facing fault scarps out to the edge of the survey area. Inward-facing fault scarps (facing toward the ridge axis), initiate ∼2 km off axis and increase in height and length out to the edge of our data at 30 km, where the average height of inward fault scarps is 60–70 m and the length is ∼30 km. Continued slip on inward faults at a greater distance off axis is probable, but based on fault lengths, ∼80% of the lengthening of inward fault scarps occurs within 30 km of the axis (textgreater95% for outward faults). Along-strike propagation and linkage of these faults are common. Outward-dipping faults accommodate more apparent horizontal strain than inward ones within 10 km of the ridge. The net horizontal extension due to faulting at greater distances is estimated as 4.2–4.3%, and inward and outward faults contribute comparably. Both inward- and outward-facing fault scarps increase in height from north to south in our study area in the direction of decreasing inferred magma supply. Average fault spacing is ∼2 km for both inward-dipping and outward-dipping faults. The azimuths of fault scarps document the direction of ridge spreading, but they are sensitive to local changes in least compressive stress direction near discontinuities. Both the ridge trend and fault scarp azimuths show a clockwise change in trend of ∼3–5° from 9°50′ N to 9°15′ N approaching the 9° N overlapping spreading center.
BibTeX:
@article{Alexander1996,
  author = {Alexander, R T and Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Sea Beam, SeaMARC II and Alvin-based studies of faulting on the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 20' N-9 degrees 50' N},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {18},
  number = {5},
  pages = {557--587},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310069},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00310069}
}
Auzende JM, Ballu V, Batiza R, Bideau D, Charlou JL, Cormier MH, Fouquet Y, Geistdoerfer P, Lagabrielle Y, Sinton J and Spadea P (1996), "Recent tectonic magmatic and hydrothermal activity on the East Pacific Rise between 17 degrees S and 19 degrees S: submersible observations", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 101(B8), pp. 10,17,918-995.
BibTeX:
@article{Auzende1996,
  author = {Auzende, J M and Ballu, V and Batiza, R and Bideau, D and Charlou, J L and Cormier, M -H and Fouquet, Y and Geistdoerfer, P and Lagabrielle, Y and Sinton, J and Spadea, P},
  title = {Recent tectonic magmatic and hydrothermal activity on the East Pacific Rise between 17 degrees S and 19 degrees S: submersible observations},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {101},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {10,17,918--995},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JB01209},
  doi = {10.1029/96JB01209}
}
Batiza R, Becker N, Bercovici D, Coleman T, Gorman T, Head JW, Holloway L, Karsten J, Kelly A, Keszthelyi LP, Maicher D, Mueller W, Muller J, Norby L, Paduan J, Parker G, Prockter L, Stakes D and White J (1996), "New evidence from Alvin for the origin of deep-sea eruptive hyaloclastite on Seamount 6; Cocos Plate, 12 degrees 43'N", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 77(46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 319.
BibTeX:
@article{Batiza1996,
  author = {Batiza, R and Becker, N and Bercovici, D and Coleman, T and Gorman, T and Head, J W and Holloway, L and Karsten, J and Kelly, A and Keszthelyi, L P and Maicher, D and Mueller, W and Muller, J and Norby, L and Paduan, J and Parker, G and Prockter, L and Stakes, D and White, J},
  title = {New evidence from Alvin for the origin of deep-sea eruptive hyaloclastite on Seamount 6; Cocos Plate, 12 degrees 43'N},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {77},
  number = {46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {319}
}
Becker K, Von Herzen R, Kirklin J, Evans R, Kadko D, Kinoshita M, Matsubayashi O, Mills R, Schultz A and Rona P (1996), "Conductive heat flow at the TAG active hydrothermal mound: results from the 1993-1995 submersible surveys", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(23), pp. 3463-3466.
BibTeX:
@article{Becker1996,
  author = {Becker, K and Von Herzen, R and Kirklin, J and Evans, R and Kadko, D and Kinoshita, M and Matsubayashi, O and Mills, R and Schultz, A and Rona, P},
  title = {Conductive heat flow at the TAG active hydrothermal mound: results from the 1993-1995 submersible surveys},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3463--3466},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00969},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL00969}
}
Becker K and Von Herzen RP (1996), "Pre-drilling observations of conductive heat flow at the TAG active mound using Alvin", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports. College Station, Tex. Vol. 158, pp. 23-29. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Becker1996a,
  author = {Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P},
  editor = {Maddox, E},
  title = {Pre-drilling observations of conductive heat flow at the TAG active mound using Alvin},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {158},
  pages = {23--29},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996}
}
Bellan-Santini D and Thurston MH (1996), "Amphipoda of the hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Natural History. Vol. 30(5), pp. 685-702.
BibTeX:
@article{Bellan-Santini1996,
  author = {Bellan-Santini, D and Thurston, M H},
  title = {Amphipoda of the hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Natural History},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {30},
  number = {5},
  pages = {685--702},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770381},
  doi = {10.1080/00222939600770381}
}
Cairns GW, Evans RL and Edwards RN (1996), "A time domain electromagnetic survey of the TAG hydrothermal mound", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(23), pp. 3455-3458.
BibTeX:
@article{Cairns1996,
  author = {Cairns, G W and Evans, R L and Edwards, R N},
  title = {A time domain electromagnetic survey of the TAG hydrothermal mound},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3455--3458},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL03233},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL03233}
}
Calder DR (1996), "Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) recorded from depths exceeding 3000 m in the abyssal western North Atlantic", Canadian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 74(9), pp. 1721-1726.
BibTeX:
@article{Calder1996,
  author = {Calder, D R},
  title = {Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) recorded from depths exceeding 3000 m in the abyssal western North Atlantic},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {74},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1721--1726},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-190},
  doi = {10.1139/z96-190}
}
Charlou JL, Fouquet Y, Donval JP, Auzende JM, Jean-Baptiste P, Stievenard M and Michel S (1996), "Mineral and gas chemistry of hydrothermal fluids on an ultrafast spreading ridge; East Pacific Rise, 17 degrees to 19 degrees S (Naudur cruise, 1993) phase separation processes controlled by volcanic and tectonic activity", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 101(B7), pp. 15,815-899,919.
BibTeX:
@article{Charlou1996,
  author = {Charlou, J L and Fouquet, Y and Donval, J P and Auzende, J M and Jean-Baptiste, P and Stievenard, M and Michel, S},
  title = {Mineral and gas chemistry of hydrothermal fluids on an ultrafast spreading ridge; East Pacific Rise, 17 degrees to 19 degrees S (Naudur cruise, 1993) phase separation processes controlled by volcanic and tectonic activity},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {101},
  number = {B7},
  pages = {15,815--899,919},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JB00880},
  doi = {10.1029/96JB00880}
}
Charlou JL, Donval JP, Jean-Baptiste P, Dapoigny A and Rona PA (1996), "Gases and helium isotopes in high temperature solutions sampled before and after ODP Leg 158 drilling at TAG hydrothermal field (26 degrees N, MAR)", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(23), pp. 3491-3494.
BibTeX:
@article{Charlou1996a,
  author = {Charlou, J L and Donval, J P and Jean-Baptiste, P and Dapoigny, A and Rona, P A},
  title = {Gases and helium isotopes in high temperature solutions sampled before and after ODP Leg 158 drilling at TAG hydrothermal field (26 degrees N, MAR)},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3491--3494},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL02141},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL02141}
}
Emel'yanov EM, Trimonis ES and Kharin GS (1996), "Geological bottom structure in the Baltic Shield -- Baltic syneclise junction area in the northern Baltic Sea", Okeanologija. Vol. 36(6), pp. 910-918.
BibTeX:
@article{Emelyanov1996,
  author = {Emel'yanov, E M and Trimonis, E S and Kharin, G S},
  title = {Geological bottom structure in the Baltic Shield -- Baltic syneclise junction area in the northern Baltic Sea},
  journal = {Okeanologija},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {36},
  number = {6},
  pages = {910--918}
}
Fisher CR (1996), "Ecophysiology of primary production at deep-sea vents and seeps.   In:   Deep-sea and extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations", In Deep-sea and extreme shallow-water habitats : affinities and adaptations. , pp. 311-334. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fisher1996,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Uiblein, F},
  title = {Ecophysiology of primary production at deep-sea vents and seeps.   In:   Deep-sea and extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations},
  booktitle = {Deep-sea and extreme shallow-water habitats : affinities and adaptations},
  publisher = {Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {311--334}
}
Gregg TKP and Chadwick WW (1996), "Submarine lava-flow inflation: A model for the formation of lava pillars", Geology. Vol. 24(11), pp. 981-984.
BibTeX:
@article{Gregg1996,
  author = {Gregg, T K P and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Submarine lava-flow inflation: A model for the formation of lava pillars},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {24},
  number = {11},
  pages = {981--984},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024%3C0981:SLFIAM%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0981:SLFIAM>2.3.CO;2}
}
Kahn LM, Silver EA, Orange D, Kochevar R and McAdoo B (1996), "Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion from the Costa Rica accretionary prism", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(8), pp. 887-890.
BibTeX:
@article{Kahn1996,
  author = {Kahn, L M and Silver, E A and Orange, D and Kochevar, R and McAdoo, B},
  title = {Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion from the Costa Rica accretionary prism},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {8},
  pages = {887--890},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00732},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL00732}
}
Kleinrock MC, Humphris SE, Shaw P, Bowen A, Crook T, Davis CS, Elder R, Gleason DE, Goff J, Goldstein L, Handley W, Howland J, Hussenoeder S, Koga K, Lerner S, Nakamura K, Rashid M, Reiser Wetzel L, Sellers W, Sulanowska M, Van Dover CL and Whitcomb L (1996), "Detailed structure and morphology of the TAG active hydrothermal mound and its geotectonic environment", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports. College Station, Tex. Vol. 158, pp. 15-21. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Kleinrock1996,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C and Humphris, S E and Shaw, P and Bowen, A and Crook, T and Davis, C S and Elder, R and Gleason, D E and Goff, J and Goldstein, L and Handley, W and Howland, J and Hussenoeder, S and Koga, K and Lerner, S and Nakamura, K and Rashid, M and Reiser Wetzel, L and Sellers, W and Sulanowska, M and Van Dover, C L and Whitcomb, L},
  editor = {Maddox, E},
  title = {Detailed structure and morphology of the TAG active hydrothermal mound and its geotectonic environment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {158},
  pages = {15--21},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.102.1996},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.102.1996}
}
Knowles JH (1996), "Experiments and numerical simulations of the dynamics of an R.O.V. thruster during maneuvering" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. M.S., pp. 71. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Knowles1996,
  author = {Knowles, J H},
  title = {Experiments and numerical simulations of the dynamics of an R.O.V. thruster during maneuvering},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {71},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38180}
}
Lerner S, Howland J, Humphris SE and Lange B (1996), "Interactive inspection and analysis of multisensor data from the TAG hydrothermal vent site", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 77(46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 768.
BibTeX:
@article{Lerner1996,
  author = {Lerner, S and Howland, J and Humphris, S E and Lange, B},
  title = {Interactive inspection and analysis of multisensor data from the TAG hydrothermal vent site},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {77},
  number = {46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {768}
}
Macdonald KC, Fox PJ, Alexander RT, Pockalny R and Gente P (1996), "Volcanic growth faults and the origin of Pacific abyssal hills", Nature. Vol. 380(6570), pp. 125-129.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1996,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Fox, P J and Alexander, R T and Pockalny, R and Gente, P},
  title = {Volcanic growth faults and the origin of Pacific abyssal hills},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {380},
  number = {6570},
  pages = {125--129},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/380125a0},
  doi = {10.1038/380125a0}
}
McAdoo BG, Orange DL, Silver EA, McIntosh K, Abbott L, Galewsky J, Kahn L and Protti M (1996), "Seafloor structural observations, Costa Rica accretionary prism", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(8), pp. 883-886.
BibTeX:
@article{McAdoo1996,
  author = {McAdoo, B G and Orange, D L and Silver, E A and McIntosh, K and Abbott, L and Galewsky, J and Kahn, L and Protti, M},
  title = {Seafloor structural observations, Costa Rica accretionary prism},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {8},
  pages = {883--886},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00731},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL00731}
}
McHatton SC, Barry JP, Jannasch HW and Nelson DC (1996), "High nitrate concentrations in vacuolate, autotrophic marine Beggiatoa spp.", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 62(3), pp. 954-958.
BibTeX:
@article{McHatton1996,
  author = {McHatton, S C and Barry, J P and Jannasch, H W and Nelson, D C},
  title = {High nitrate concentrations in vacuolate, autotrophic marine Beggiatoa spp.},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {62},
  number = {3},
  pages = {954--958},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/62/3/954}
}
Rona PA, Petersen S, Becker K, Von Herzen RP, Hannington MD, Herzig PM, Naka J, Lalou C and Thompson G (1996), "Heat flow and mineralogy of TAG relict high-temperature hydrothermal zones: Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N, 45 degrees W", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(23), pp. 3507-3510.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1996,
  author = {Rona, P A and Petersen, S and Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P and Hannington, M D and Herzig, P M and Naka, J and Lalou, C and Thompson, G},
  title = {Heat flow and mineralogy of TAG relict high-temperature hydrothermal zones: Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N, 45 degrees W},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3507--3510},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL03257},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL03257}
}
Rusakov VY, Lukashin VN and Burovkin AA (1996), "A sediment trap for short-term studies of vertical particle fluxes in the ocean", Okeanologija. Vol. 36(5), pp. 754-756.
BibTeX:
@article{Rusakov1996,
  author = {Rusakov, V Y and Lukashin, V N and Burovkin, A A},
  title = {A sediment trap for short-term studies of vertical particle fluxes in the ocean},
  journal = {Okeanologija},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {36},
  number = {5},
  pages = {754--756}
}
Singh H and Stewart WK (1996), "An entropic framework for sensor modelling", In Oceans '96 MTS/IEEE : conference proceedings, 23-26 September, 1996, Broward County Convention Center. Piscataway, N.J. Vol. 1, pp. 211-215. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Singh1996,
  author = {Singh, H and Stewart, W K},
  title = {An entropic framework for sensor modelling},
  booktitle = {Oceans '96 MTS/IEEE : conference proceedings, 23-26 September, 1996, Broward County Convention Center},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {211--215},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1996.572604},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1996.572604}
}
Stewart WK (1996), "Three-dimensional stochastic modeling using sonar sensing for undersea robotics", Autonomous Robots. Vol. 3(2-3), pp. 121-143.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1996,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Three-dimensional stochastic modeling using sonar sensing for undersea robotics},
  journal = {Autonomous Robots},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {121--143},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141151},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00141151}
}
Sulanowska MM, Humphris SE, Howland JC and Kleinrock MC (1996), "Detailed analysis of the surface morphology of the active TAG hydrothermal mound by mosaicking of digital images", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 77(46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 768.
BibTeX:
@article{Sulanowska1996,
  author = {Sulanowska, M M and Humphris, S E and Howland, J C and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {Detailed analysis of the surface morphology of the active TAG hydrothermal mound by mosaicking of digital images},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {77},
  number = {46 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {768}
}
Van Dover CL (1996), "Octopus's garden: Hydrothermal vents and other mysteries of the deep sea" Reading, Mass. , pp. 183. Addison-Wesley.
BibTeX:
@book{VanDover1996,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Octopus's garden: Hydrothermal vents and other mysteries of the deep sea},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {183}
}
Von Herzen RP, Kirklin J and Becker K (1996), "Geoelectrical measurements at the TAG hydrothermal mound", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(23), pp. 3451-3454.
BibTeX:
@article{VonHerzen1996,
  author = {Von Herzen, R P and Kirklin, J and Becker, K},
  title = {Geoelectrical measurements at the TAG hydrothermal mound},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3451--3454},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL02077},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL02077}
}
Wilson C, Charlou JL, Ludford E, Klinkhammer G, Chin C, Bougault H, German CR, Speer K and Palmer M (1996), "Hydrothermal anomalies in the Lucky Strike segment on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (37 degrees 17'N)", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 142(3-4), pp. 467-477.
BibTeX:
@article{Wilson1996,
  author = {Wilson, C and Charlou, J L and Ludford, E and Klinkhammer, G and Chin, C and Bougault, H and German, C R and Speer, K and Palmer, M},
  title = {Hydrothermal anomalies in the Lucky Strike segment on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (37 degrees 17'N)},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {142},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {467--477},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00100-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(96)00100-8}
}
Wright DJ (1996), "Rumblings on the ocean floor: GIS supports deep-sea research", Geo Info Systems. Vol. 6(1), pp. 22-29.
BibTeX:
@article{Wright1996,
  author = {Wright, D J},
  title = {Rumblings on the ocean floor: GIS supports deep-sea research},
  journal = {Geo Info Systems},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22--29}
}
Zuleger E, Gieskes JM and You CF (1996), "Institial water chemistry of sediments of the Costa Rica accretionary complex off the Nicoya Peninsula", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 23(8), pp. 899-902.
BibTeX:
@article{Zuleger1996,
  author = {Zuleger, E and Gieskes, J M and You, C F},
  title = {Institial water chemistry of sediments of the Costa Rica accretionary complex off the Nicoya Peninsula},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {23},
  number = {8},
  pages = {899--902},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00386},
  doi = {10.1029/96GL00386}
}
Auster PJ, Malatesta RJ and LaRosa SC (1995), "Patterns of microhabitat utilization by mobile megafauna on the southern New England (USA) continental shelf and slope", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 127(1-3), pp. 77-85.
BibTeX:
@article{Auster1995,
  author = {Auster, P J and Malatesta, R J and LaRosa, S C},
  title = {Patterns of microhabitat utilization by mobile megafauna on the southern New England (USA) continental shelf and slope},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {127},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {77--85},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps127077},
  doi = {10.3354/meps127077}
}
Ballard RD and Dunmore S (1995), "Exploring the Lusitania: probing the mysteries of the sinking that changed history" New York , pp. 227. Warner Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1995,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Dunmore, S},
  title = {Exploring the Lusitania: probing the mysteries of the sinking that changed history},
  publisher = {Warner Books},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {227}
}
Ballard RD and McConnell M (1995), "Explorations: my quest for adventure and discovery under the sea" New York , pp. 407. Hyperion.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1995a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and McConnell, M},
  title = {Explorations: my quest for adventure and discovery under the sea},
  publisher = {Hyperion},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {407}
}
Batiza R, Hekinian R, Bideau D and Francheteau J (1995), "Chemistry of Deep (3500-5600m) Pacific MORB- Why is the Pacific anomalous?", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(22), pp. 3067-3070.
BibTeX:
@article{Batiza1995,
  author = {Batiza, R and Hekinian, R and Bideau, D and Francheteau, J},
  title = {Chemistry of Deep (3500-5600m) Pacific MORB- Why is the Pacific anomalous?},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {22},
  pages = {3067--3070},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95GL01997},
  doi = {10.1029/95GL01997}
}
Boetius A and Felbeck H (1995), "Digestive enzymes in marine invertebrates from hydrothermal vents and other reducing environments", Marine Biology. Vol. 122(1), pp. 105-113.
BibTeX:
@article{Boetius1995,
  author = {Boetius, A and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Digestive enzymes in marine invertebrates from hydrothermal vents and other reducing environments},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--113},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349283},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00349283}
}
Chadwick WW and Emblew RW (1995), "SeaBeam depth changes associated with recent lava flows, CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Evidence for multiple eruptions between 1981-1993", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(2), pp. 167-170.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick1995,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Emblew, R W},
  title = {SeaBeam depth changes associated with recent lava flows, CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Evidence for multiple eruptions between 1981-1993},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--170},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL01895},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL01895}
}
Childress JJ (1995), "Life in sulfidic environments: historical perspective and current research trends", American Zoologist. Vol. 35(2), pp. 83-90.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1995,
  author = {Childress, J J},
  title = {Life in sulfidic environments: historical perspective and current research trends},
  journal = {American Zoologist},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83--90},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/35.2.83},
  doi = {10.1093/icb/35.2.83}
}
Childress JJ (1995), "Are there physiological and biochemical adaptations of metabolism in deep-sea animals?", Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 10(1), pp. 30-36.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1995a,
  author = {Childress, J J},
  title = {Are there physiological and biochemical adaptations of metabolism in deep-sea animals?},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30--36},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88957-0},
  doi = {10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88957-0}
}
Childress JJ and Thuesen EV (1995), "Metabolic potentials of deep-sea fishes: a comparative approach", In Environmental and Ecological Biochemistry. New York (5), pp. 175-196. Elsevier.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Childress1995b,
  author = {Childress, J J and Thuesen, E V},
  editor = {Hochachka, P W},
  title = {Metabolic potentials of deep-sea fishes: a comparative approach},
  booktitle = {Environmental and Ecological Biochemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  year = {1995},
  number = {5},
  pages = {175--196}
}
Eberhard C, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1995), "Oxidation of polymetal sulfides by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Geomicrobiology Journal. Vol. 13(3), pp. 145-164.
BibTeX:
@article{Eberhard1995,
  author = {Eberhard, C and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Oxidation of polymetal sulfides by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {145--164}
}
Embley RW, Chadwick WW, Jonasson IR, Butterfield DA and Baker ET (1995), "Initial results of the rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial event: Relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(2), pp. 143-146.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1995,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W and Jonasson, I R and Butterfield, D A and Baker, E T},
  title = {Initial results of the rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial event: Relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--146},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02281},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL02281}
}
Felbeck H and Turner PJ (1995), "CO2 transport in catheterized hydrothermal vent tubeworms Riftia pachyptila", Journal of Experimental Zoology. Vol. 272(2), pp. 95-102.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1995,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Turner, P J},
  title = {CO2 transport in catheterized hydrothermal vent tubeworms Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Zoology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {272},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--102},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402720203},
  doi = {10.1002/jez.1402720203}
}
Fisher CR (1995), "Toward an appreciation of hydrothermal-vent animals: their environment, physiological ecology, and tissue stable isotope values", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 297-316. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fisher1995,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Toward an appreciation of hydrothermal-vent animals: their environment, physiological ecology, and tissue stable isotope values},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {297--316}
}
Fornari DJ and Embley RW (1995), "Tectonic and volcanic controls on hydrothermal processes at the Mid-Ocean Ridge: An overview based on near-bottom and submersible studies", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 1-46. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fornari1995,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Embley, R W},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Tectonic and volcanic controls on hydrothermal processes at the Mid-Ocean Ridge: An overview based on near-bottom and submersible studies},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {1--46}
}
Fornari DJ, Bowen AM and Foster DB (1995), "Visualizing the deep sea - vehicles and research techniques yield ever-clearer images of the ocean depths", Oceanus. Vol. 38(1), pp. 10-13.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1995a,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Bowen, A M and Foster, D B},
  title = {Visualizing the deep sea - vehicles and research techniques yield ever-clearer images of the ocean depths},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10--13}
}
Fornari DJ, Cochran JR, Coakley BJ, Herr R, Gregg TKP and Tivey MA (1995), "Alvin - Atlantis II near-bottom gravity cruise (131-12) : April 11-24, 1994, Manzanillo, MX - Manzanillo, MX", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Fornari1995b,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Cochran, J R and Coakley, B J and Herr, R and Gregg, T K P and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Alvin - Atlantis II near-bottom gravity cruise (131-12) : April 11-24, 1994, Manzanillo, MX - Manzanillo, MX},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {var.}
}
Friesen WB and Koski RA (1995), "Mineralogy and chemistry of hydrothermal chimneys from the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", In USGS open-file report. Menlo Park, Calif. , pp. 56. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Friesen1995,
  author = {Friesen, W B and Koski, R A},
  title = {Mineralogy and chemistry of hydrothermal chimneys from the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {56}
}
Haney JC, Haury LR, Mullineaux LS and Fey CL (1995), "Seabird aggregation at a deep North Pacific seamount", Marine Biology. Vol. 123(1), pp. 1-9.
BibTeX:
@article{Haney1995,
  author = {Haney, J C and Haury, L R and Mullineaux, L S and Fey, C L},
  title = {Seabird aggregation at a deep North Pacific seamount},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {123},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--9},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350317},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00350317}
}
Hessler RR and Kaharl VA (1995), "The Deep-sea hydrothermal vent community: An overview", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 72-84. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hessler1995,
  author = {Hessler, R R and Kaharl, V A},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {The Deep-sea hydrothermal vent community: An overview},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {72--84}
}
Hlebica J (1995), "Going to extremes", Explorations. Vol. 1(4), pp. 4-11.
BibTeX:
@article{Hlebica1995,
  author = {Hlebica, J},
  title = {Going to extremes},
  journal = {Explorations},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {4--11}
}
Humphris SE, Zierenberg R, Mullineaux L and Thomson R (1995), "Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological and geological interactions", In Geophysical Monograph. Washington, D.C. , pp. xiii, 466. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@book{Humphris1995,
  author = {Humphris, S E and Zierenberg, R and Mullineaux, L and Thomson, R},
  title = {Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological and geological interactions},
  booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {xiii, 466}
}
Hussain N, Church TM, Luther GW and Moore WS (1995), "210-Po and 210-Pb disequilibrium in the hydrothermal vent fluids and chimney deposits from Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(23), pp. 3175-3178.
BibTeX:
@article{Hussain1995,
  author = {Hussain, N and Church, T M and Luther, G W and Moore, W S},
  title = {210-Po and 210-Pb disequilibrium in the hydrothermal vent fluids and chimney deposits from Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3175--3178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95GL03269},
  doi = {10.1029/95GL03269}
}
Hussenoeder S, Tivey MA and Schouten H (1995), "Direct inversion of potential fields from an uneven track with application to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(23), pp. 3131-3134.
BibTeX:
@article{Hussenoeder1995,
  author = {Hussenoeder, S and Tivey, M A and Schouten, H},
  title = {Direct inversion of potential fields from an uneven track with application to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3131--3134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95GL03326},
  doi = {10.1029/95GL03326}
}
Scientific Party of Leg 132-02 of the R V Atlantis II (1995), "The effects of ODP drilling on the TAG hydrothermal mound: The TAG post-drilling survey", BRIDGE Newsletter. Vol. 8, pp. 7-11.
BibTeX:
@article{II1995,
  author = {II, Scientific Party of Leg 132-02 of the R V Atlantis},
  title = {The effects of ODP drilling on the TAG hydrothermal mound: The TAG post-drilling survey},
  journal = {BRIDGE Newsletter},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {7--11}
}
Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO and Hoaki T (1995), "Isolation and cultivation of heterotrophic hyperthermophiles from deepsea hydrothermal vents", In Archaea: a laboratory manual. Plainview, N.Y. , pp. 9-13. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1995,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Hoaki, T},
  editor = {Robb, F T},
  title = {Isolation and cultivation of heterotrophic hyperthermophiles from deepsea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Archaea: a laboratory manual},
  publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {9--13}
}
Johnson HP and Tivey MA (1995), "Magnetic properties of zero-age oceanic crust; a new submarine lava flow on the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(2), pp. 175-178.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1995,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Tivey, M A},
  title = {Magnetic properties of zero-age oceanic crust; a new submarine lava flow on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02053},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL02053}
}
Kadko D, Baross J and Alt J (1995), "The Magnitude and global implications of hydrothermal flux", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 446-466. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Kadko1995,
  author = {Kadko, D and Baross, J and Alt, J},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {The Magnitude and global implications of hydrothermal flux},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {446--466}
}
Karson JA (1995), "Mechanical extension of the median valley floor along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the MARK area", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 76(Fall Meeting Supplement), pp. 582.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1995,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  title = {Mechanical extension of the median valley floor along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the MARK area},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {76},
  number = {Fall Meeting Supplement},
  pages = {582}
}
Kinoshita M, Matsubayashi O and Fujioka K (1995), "Long-term heat flow measurement on the TAG hydrothermal mound in Mid-Atlantic Ridge", JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research. (11), pp. 137-147.
BibTeX:
@article{Kinoshita1995,
  author = {Kinoshita, M and Matsubayashi, O and Fujioka, K},
  title = {Long-term heat flow measurement on the TAG hydrothermal mound in Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
  year = {1995},
  number = {11},
  pages = {137--147},
  url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2DATA/23/1113.pdf}
}
Lee RW and Childress JJ (1995), "Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by seep mytilid 1a, an undescribed deep-sea mussel containing methanotrophic endosymbionts: fate of assimilated nitrogen and the relation between methane and nitrogen assimilation", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 123, pp. 137-148.
BibTeX:
@article{Lee1995,
  author = {Lee, R W and Childress, J J},
  title = {Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by seep mytilid 1a, an undescribed deep-sea mussel containing methanotrophic endosymbionts: fate of assimilated nitrogen and the relation between methane and nitrogen assimilation},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {123},
  pages = {137--148},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps123137},
  doi = {10.3354/meps123137}
}
Lilley MD, Feely RA and Trefry JH (1995), "Chemical and biochemical transformations in hydrothermal plumes", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 369-391. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lilley1995,
  author = {Lilley, M D and Feely, R A and Trefry, J H},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Chemical and biochemical transformations in hydrothermal plumes},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {369--391}
}
Lupton JE (1995), "Hydrothermal plumes: Near and far afield", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 317-346. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lupton1995,
  author = {Lupton, J E},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Hydrothermal plumes: Near and far afield},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {317--346}
}
Massoth GJ, Baker ET, Feely RA, Butterfield DA, Embley RW, Lupton JE, Thomson RE and Cannon GA (1995), "Observations of manganese and iron at the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(2), pp. 151-154.
BibTeX:
@article{Massoth1995,
  author = {Massoth, G J and Baker, E T and Feely, R A and Butterfield, D A and Embley, R W and Lupton, J E and Thomson, R E and Cannon, G A},
  title = {Observations of manganese and iron at the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--154},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02662},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL02662}
}
Mullineaux LS and France SC (1995), "Dispersal mechanisms of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 408-424. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mullineaux1995,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and France, S C},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Dispersal mechanisms of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {408--424}
}
Mullineaux LS, Kim S, Pooley A and Lutz R (1995), "Identification of Archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent community", Marine Biology. Vol. 124(4), pp. 551-560.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux1995a,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Kim, S and Pooley, A and Lutz, R},
  title = {Identification of Archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent community},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {124},
  number = {4},
  pages = {551--560},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351036},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00351036}
}
Muyzer G, Teske A, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1995), "Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 164(3), pp. 165-172.
BibTeX:
@article{Muyzer1995,
  author = {Muyzer, G and Teske, A and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {164},
  number = {3},
  pages = {165--172},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050250},
  doi = {10.1007/s002030050250}
}
Nelson DC and Fisher CR (1995), "Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic endosymbiotic bacteria at deep-sea vents and seeps", In Microbiology of Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. Boca Raton, Fla. , pp. 125-167. CRC Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Nelson1995,
  author = {Nelson, D C and Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Karl, D M},
  title = {Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic endosymbiotic bacteria at deep-sea vents and seeps},
  booktitle = {Microbiology of Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {125--167}
}
Nelson DC and Hagen KD (1995), "Physiology and biochemistry of symbiotic and free-living chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria", American Zoologist. Vol. 35(2), pp. 91-101.
BibTeX:
@article{Nelson1995a,
  author = {Nelson, D C and Hagen, K D},
  title = {Physiology and biochemistry of symbiotic and free-living chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria},
  journal = {American Zoologist},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/35.2.91},
  doi = {10.1093/icb/35.2.91}
}
Nelson DC, Hagen KD and Edwards DB (1995), "The gill symbiont of a hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, is a psychrophilic, chemoautotrophic sulfur bacterium", Marine Biology. Vol. 121(3), pp. 487-495.
BibTeX:
@article{Nelson1995b,
  author = {Nelson, D C and Hagen, K D and Edwards, D B},
  title = {The gill symbiont of a hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, is a psychrophilic, chemoautotrophic sulfur bacterium},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {121},
  number = {3},
  pages = {487--495},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349457},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00349457}
}
Popov KV, Gapeev AK, Shcherbakov VP and Gorshkov AG (1995), "Comparative analysis of magnetic properties of basalts from Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Okeanologija. Vol. 35(3), pp. 451-462.
BibTeX:
@article{Popov1995,
  author = {Popov, K V and Gapeev, A K and Shcherbakov, V P and Gorshkov, A G},
  title = {Comparative analysis of magnetic properties of basalts from Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Okeanologija},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {451--462}
}
Saltzman J (1995), "Zooplankton ecology in relation to a prominent oxygen minimum zone and a seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific" Kingston, R.I. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 350. University of Rhode Island.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Saltzman1995,
  author = {Saltzman, J},
  title = {Zooplankton ecology in relation to a prominent oxygen minimum zone and a seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific},
  publisher = {University of Rhode Island},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {350}
}
Scott KM and Fisher CR (1995), "Physiological ecology of sulfide metabolism in hydrothermal vent and cold seep vesicomyid clams and vestimentiferan tube worms", American Zoologist. Vol. 35(2), pp. 102-111.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott1995,
  author = {Scott, K M and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Physiological ecology of sulfide metabolism in hydrothermal vent and cold seep vesicomyid clams and vestimentiferan tube worms},
  journal = {American Zoologist},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {102--111},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/35.2.102},
  doi = {10.1093/icb/35.2.102}
}
Screaton EJ, Carson B and Lennon GP (1995), "Hydrogeologic properties of a thrust fault within the Oregon Accretionary Prism", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 100(B10), pp. 20,20-25,35.
BibTeX:
@article{Screaton1995,
  author = {Screaton, E J and Carson, B and Lennon, G P},
  title = {Hydrogeologic properties of a thrust fault within the Oregon Accretionary Prism},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {100},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {20,20--25,35},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB02152},
  doi = {10.1029/95JB02152}
}
Screaton EJ (1995), "Investigation of fluid sources and movement at the Cascadia Margin" Bethlehem, Penn. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 228. Lehigh University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Screaton1995a,
  author = {Screaton, E J},
  title = {Investigation of fluid sources and movement at the Cascadia Margin},
  publisher = {Lehigh University},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {228}
}
Shillito B, Lübbering B, Lechaire JP, Childress J and Gaill F (1995), "Chitin localization in the secretion system of a deep-sea tube worm", Journal of Structural Biology. Vol. 114(1), pp. 67-75.
BibTeX:
@article{Shillito1995,
  author = {Shillito, B and Lübbering, B and Lechaire, J P and Childress, J and Gaill, F},
  title = {Chitin localization in the secretion system of a deep-sea tube worm},
  journal = {Journal of Structural Biology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--75},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsbi.1995.1006},
  doi = {10.1006/jsbi.1995.1006}
}
Singh H (1995), "An entropic framework for AUV sensor modelling" Cambridge, Mass., and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 132. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Singh1995,
  author = {Singh, H},
  title = {An entropic framework for AUV sensor modelling},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {132},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11449}
}
Tang X and Stewart WK (1995), "Texture classification using wavelet packet and fourier transforms", In Oceans '95 : "Challenges of our changing global environment" : conference proceedings, October 9-12, 1995, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 1, pp. 387-396. Oceans '95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Tang1995,
  author = {Tang, X and Stewart, W K},
  title = {Texture classification using wavelet packet and fourier transforms},
  booktitle = {Oceans '95 : "Challenges of our changing global environment" : conference proceedings, October 9-12, 1995, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Oceans '95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {387--396},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1995.526799},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1995.526799}
}
Tivey MA (1995), "Direct measurement of a magnetic polarity boundary with depth in oceanic crust", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Tivey1995,
  author = {Tivey, M A},
  title = {Direct measurement of a magnetic polarity boundary with depth in oceanic crust},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {var.}
}
Tivey MK, Humphris SE, Thompson G, Hannington MD and Rona PA (1995), "Deducing patterns of fluid flow and mixing within the TAG hydrothermal mound using mineralogical and geochemical data", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 100(B7), pp. 12,512-527,555.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1995a,
  author = {Tivey, M K and Humphris, S E and Thompson, G and Hannington, M D and Rona, P A},
  title = {Deducing patterns of fluid flow and mixing within the TAG hydrothermal mound using mineralogical and geochemical data},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {100},
  number = {B7},
  pages = {12,512--527,555},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02081},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL02081}
}
Tivey MA and Johnson HP (1995), "Alvin magnetic survey of zero-age crust: CoAxial segment eruption, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 22(2), pp. 171-174.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1995b,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Alvin magnetic survey of zero-age crust: CoAxial segment eruption, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--174},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02081},
  doi = {10.1029/94GL02081}
}
Von Damm KL (1995), "Controls on the chemistry and temporal variability of seafloor hydrothermal fluids", In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions. Washington, D.C. (91), pp. 222-247. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm1995,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Humphris, S E},
  title = {Controls on the chemistry and temporal variability of seafloor hydrothermal fluids},
  booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1995},
  number = {91},
  pages = {222--247}
}
Von Damm KL, Oosting SE, Kozlowski R, Buttermore LG, Colodner DC, Edmonds HN, Edmond JM and Grebmeier JM (1995), "Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption", Nature. Vol. 375(6526), pp. 47-50.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1995a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Oosting, S E and Kozlowski, R and Buttermore, L G and Colodner, D C and Edmonds, H N and Edmond, J M and Grebmeier, J M},
  title = {Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {375},
  number = {6526},
  pages = {47--50},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375047a0},
  doi = {10.1038/375047a0}
}
Walden B and Cullen V (1995), "DSV Alvin", Oceanus. Vol. 38(1), pp. 33-36.
BibTeX:
@article{Walden1995,
  author = {Walden, B and Cullen, V},
  title = {DSV Alvin},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--36}
}
Wheat CG and McDuff RE (1995), "Mapping the fluid flow of the Mariana Mounds ridge flank hydrothermal system: pore water chemical tracers", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 100(B5), pp. 8115-8131.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheat1995,
  author = {Wheat, C G and McDuff, R E},
  title = {Mapping the fluid flow of the Mariana Mounds ridge flank hydrothermal system: pore water chemical tracers},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {100},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {8115--8131},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB00047},
  doi = {10.1029/95JB00047}
}
Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (1995), "Comparative experiments in the dynamics and model-based control of marine thrusters", In Oceans '95 : "Challenges of our changing global environment" : conference proceedings, October 9-12, 1995, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 2, pp. 1019-1028. Oceans '95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Whitcomb1995,
  author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Comparative experiments in the dynamics and model-based control of marine thrusters},
  booktitle = {Oceans '95 : "Challenges of our changing global environment" : conference proceedings, October 9-12, 1995, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Oceans '95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1019--1028},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1995.528561},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1995.528561}
}
Wishner KF, Ashjian CJ, Gelfman C, Gowing MM, Kann L, Levin LA, Mullineaux LS and Saltzman J (1995), "Pelagic and benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 42(1), pp. 93-115.
BibTeX:
@article{Wishner1995,
  author = {Wishner, K F and Ashjian, C J and Gelfman, C and Gowing, M M and Kann, L and Levin, L A and Mullineaux, L S and Saltzman, J},
  title = {Pelagic and benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--115},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J}
}
Wolfe CJ, Purdy M, Toomey DR and Solomon SC (1995), "Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at 29 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The architecture of a slow spreading segment", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 100(B12), pp. 24,424-449,472.
BibTeX:
@article{Wolfe1995,
  author = {Wolfe, C J and Purdy, M and Toomey, D R and Solomon, S C},
  title = {Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at 29 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The architecture of a slow spreading segment},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {100},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {24,424--449,472},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB02399},
  doi = {10.1029/95JB02399}
}
Zuleger E, Gieskes JM and You CF (1995), "Sediment cores on the Costa Rica accretionary prism (Atlantis II cruise 131-10): pore water studies", In SIO Reference. La Jolla, Calif. , pp. 75 p.. University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
BibTeX:
@book{Zuleger1995,
  author = {Zuleger, E and Gieskes, J M and You, C F},
  title = {Sediment cores on the Costa Rica accretionary prism (Atlantis II cruise 131-10): pore water studies},
  booktitle = {SIO Reference},
  publisher = {University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {75 p.}
}
Airriess C and Childress JJ (1994), "Homeoviscous properties implicated by the interactive effects of pressure and temperature on the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 187(2), pp. 208-214.
Abstract: Specimens of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron, collected from 13deg N on the East Pacific Rise, were exposed to pressures greater than those in their natural habitat over a range of temperatures to assess how increased hydrostatic pressure affects a species that requires high pressure to survive. We measured heart beat frequency and contraction waveform at pressures ranging from 28 MPa (normal environmental pressure for this species) to 62 MPa at 5deg, 10deg, and 20degC. At 5degC, increased hydrostatic pressure induced bradycardia or acardia in conjunction with marked disruption of the ventricular contraction waveform. The animals did not survive following decompression. The effects of increased pressure were less pronounced at 10degC and almost negligible at 20degC. Our results support previous findings at subambient pressures which suggest that the lipid bilayers of cell and organelle membranes are the primary sites affected by short-term pressure variation in deep-sea organisms. We also found evidence of an adaptive mechanism of pressure temperature interaction in these animals from the eurythermic habitat of the hydrothermal vents.
BibTeX:
@article{Airriess1994,
  author = {Airriess, C and Childress, J J},
  title = {Homeoviscous properties implicated by the interactive effects of pressure and temperature on the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {187},
  number = {2},
  pages = {208--214},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/187/2/208}
}
Auzende JM, Cannat M, Gente P, Henriet JP, Juteau T, Karson JA, Lagabrielle Y, Mevel C and Tivey M (1994), "Observation of sections of oceanic crust and mantle cropping out on the southern wall of the Kane FZ (N. Atlantic)", Terra Nova. Vol. 6(2), pp. 143-148.
BibTeX:
@article{Auzende1994,
  author = {Auzende, J M and Cannat, M and Gente, P and Henriet, J P and Juteau, T and Karson, J A and Lagabrielle, Y and Mevel, C and Tivey, M},
  title = {Observation of sections of oceanic crust and mantle cropping out on the southern wall of the Kane FZ (N. Atlantic)},
  journal = {Terra Nova},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--148},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00647.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00647.x}
}
Ballard RD (1994), "Riddle of the Lusitania", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 185(4), pp. 68-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1994,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Riddle of the Lusitania},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {185},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68--80}
}
Bennett BA, Smith CR, Glaser B and Maybaum HL (1994), "Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep Northeast Pacific Ocean", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 108(3), pp. 205-223.
BibTeX:
@article{Bennett1994,
  author = {Bennett, B A and Smith, C R and Glaser, B and Maybaum, H L},
  title = {Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep Northeast Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {108},
  number = {3},
  pages = {205--223},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps108205},
  doi = {10.3354/meps108205}
}
Blasco SM (1994), "Exploring the wreck of the Titanic: Seabed processes at 3800 metres in the North Atlantic", Atlantic Geology. Vol. 30(2), pp. 154.
BibTeX:
@article{Blasco1994,
  author = {Blasco, S M},
  title = {Exploring the wreck of the Titanic: Seabed processes at 3800 metres in the North Atlantic},
  journal = {Atlantic Geology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {154}
}
(1994), "Crosscutting issues; platforms for observation and collection", In Ocean's role in global change: progress of major research programs. Washington, D.C. , pp. 57-60. National Academy Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Board1994,,
  editor = {Board, National Research Council (U.S.). Ocean Studies},
  title = {Crosscutting issues; platforms for observation and collection},
  booktitle = {Ocean's role in global change: progress of major research programs},
  publisher = {National Academy Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {57--60},
  url = {http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?recordid=2354&page=57}
}
Böhlke JK and Shanks WC (1994), "Stable isotope study of hydrothermal vents at Escanaba Trough: Observed and calculated effects of sediment-seawater interaction", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 223-239. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bohlke1994,
  author = {Böhlke, J K and Shanks, W C},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Stable isotope study of hydrothermal vents at Escanaba Trough: Observed and calculated effects of sediment-seawater interaction},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {223--239}
}
Bowen A (1994), "The Argo/Jason ROV development program, past and present challenges", In Diving for science...1994 : proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences fourteenth annual scientific diving symposeum, October 5-9, 1994. Costa Mesa, CA American Academy of Underwater Sciences.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen1994,
  author = {Bowen, A},
  title = {The Argo/Jason ROV development program, past and present challenges},
  booktitle = {Diving for science...1994 : proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences fourteenth annual scientific diving symposeum, October 5-9, 1994},
  publisher = {American Academy of Underwater Sciences},
  year = {1994}
}
Butterfield DA, McDuff RE, Franklin J and Wheat CG (1994), "Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 139, pp. 395-410. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Butterfield1994,
  author = {Butterfield, D A and McDuff, R E and Franklin, J and Wheat, C G},
  editor = {McQuistion, M K},
  title = {Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {139},
  pages = {395--410},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.139.266.1994},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.139.266.1994}
}
Campbell AC, German CR, Palmer MR, Gamo T and Edmond JM (1994), "Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 201-221. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Campbell1994,
  author = {Campbell, A C and German, C R and Palmer, M R and Gamo, T and Edmond, J M},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {201--221}
}
Chadwick WW and Emblew RW (1994), "Lava flows from a mid-1980s submarine eruption on the Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4761-4776.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick1994,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Emblew, R W},
  title = {Lava flows from a mid-1980s submarine eruption on the Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4761--4776},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02041},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02041}
}
Distel DL, Felbeck H and Cavanaugh CM (1994), "Evidence for phylogenetic congruence among sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts and their bivalve hosts", Journal of Molecular Evolution. Vol. 38(5), pp. 533-543.
BibTeX:
@article{Distel1994,
  author = {Distel, D L and Felbeck, H and Cavanaugh, C M},
  title = {Evidence for phylogenetic congruence among sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts and their bivalve hosts},
  journal = {Journal of Molecular Evolution},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {38},
  number = {5},
  pages = {533--543},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178852},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00178852}
}
Elsgaard L, Isaksen MF, Jorgensen BB, Alayse AM and Jannasch HW (1994), "Microbial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal area: Influence of temperature and pressure", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 58(16), pp. 3335-3343.
BibTeX:
@article{Elsgaard1994,
  author = {Elsgaard, L and Isaksen, M F and Jorgensen, B B and Alayse, A M and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal area: Influence of temperature and pressure},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {58},
  number = {16},
  pages = {3335--3343},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90089-2},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(94)90089-2}
}
Embley RW and Chadwick WW (1994), "Volcanic and hydrothermal processes associated with a recent phase of seafloor spreading at the northern Cleft segment: Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4741-4760.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1994,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W},
  title = {Volcanic and hydrothermal processes associated with a recent phase of seafloor spreading at the northern Cleft segment: Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4741--4760},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02038},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02038}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Macko A and Brooks JM (1994), "Nutritional interactions at Galapagos hydrothermal vents: Inferences from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 103, pp. 45-55.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1994,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Macko, A and Brooks, J M},
  title = {Nutritional interactions at Galapagos hydrothermal vents: Inferences from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {103},
  pages = {45--55},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps103045},
  doi = {10.3354/meps103045}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Smith M, Haymon RM, Edwards MH, Cochran JR, Coakely B, Von Damm KL and Lilley M (1994), "Temporal variation in the morphology and structure of the axial summit caldera and young volcanic flows, and relationship to hydrothermal venting on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 30-51'N", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 75(Fall meet. suppl.), pp. 618.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1994,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Smith, M and Haymon, R M and Edwards, M H and Cochran, J R and Coakely, B and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M},
  title = {Temporal variation in the morphology and structure of the axial summit caldera and young volcanic flows, and relationship to hydrothermal venting on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 30-51'N},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {75},
  number = {Fall meet. suppl.},
  pages = {618}
}
France SC (1994), "Genetic population structure and gene flow among deep-sea amphipods, Abyssorchomene spp., from six California Continental Borderland basins", Marine Biology. Vol. 118(1), pp. 67-77.
BibTeX:
@article{France1994,
  author = {France, S C},
  title = {Genetic population structure and gene flow among deep-sea amphipods, Abyssorchomene spp., from six California Continental Borderland basins},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1},
  pages = {67--77},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699220},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00699220}
}
Geistdoerfer P (1994), "Careproctus hyaleius, a new cyclopterid fish (Liparinae) from the hydrothermal ecosystem of the East Pacific Ridge (13 degrees N)", Cybium. Vol. 18(3), pp. 325-333.
BibTeX:
@article{Geistdoerfer1994,
  author = {Geistdoerfer, P},
  title = {Careproctus hyaleius, a new cyclopterid fish (Liparinae) from the hydrothermal ecosystem of the East Pacific Ridge (13 degrees N)},
  journal = {Cybium},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--333}
}
Geistdoerfer P (1994), "Pachycara thermophilum, a new zoarcid fish from hydrothermal ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.; Pachycara thermophilium, une nouvelle espece do poisson Zoarcidae des sites hydrothermaux de la dorsale medio-atlantique", Cybium. Vol. 18(2), pp. 109-115.
BibTeX:
@article{Geistdoerfer1994a,
  author = {Geistdoerfer, P},
  title = {Pachycara thermophilum, a new zoarcid fish from hydrothermal ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.; Pachycara thermophilium, une nouvelle espece do poisson Zoarcidae des sites hydrothermaux de la dorsale medio-atlantique},
  journal = {Cybium},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--115}
}
Ginster U, Mottl MJ and Von Herzen RP (1994), "Heat flux from black smokers on the Endeavour and Cleft segments, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4937-4950.
BibTeX:
@article{Ginster1994,
  author = {Ginster, U and Mottl, M J and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Heat flux from black smokers on the Endeavour and Cleft segments, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4937--4950},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02800},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02800}
}
Gorodezky L and Childress JJ (1994), "Effects of sulfide exposure history and hemolymph thiosulfate on oxygen-consumption rates and regulation in the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron", Marine Biology. Vol. 120(1), pp. 123-131.
BibTeX:
@article{Gorodezky1994,
  author = {Gorodezky, L and Childress, J J},
  title = {Effects of sulfide exposure history and hemolymph thiosulfate on oxygen-consumption rates and regulation in the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {120},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--131},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381948},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00381948}
}
Grassle JF and Petrecca RF (1994), "Soft-Sediment hydrothermal vent communities of Escanaba Trough", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 327-335. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grassle1994,
  author = {Grassle, J F and Petrecca, R F},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Soft-Sediment hydrothermal vent communities of Escanaba Trough},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {327--335}
}
Hills SJ and Yoerger DR (1994), "A nonlinear sliding mode autopilot for unmanned undersea vehicles", In Oceans '94: Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation : Proceedings. New York Vol. 3, pp. 93-98. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hills1994,
  author = {Hills, S J and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {A nonlinear sliding mode autopilot for unmanned undersea vehicles},
  booktitle = {Oceans '94: Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation : Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {93--98},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364178},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364178}
}
Hover F, Grosenbaugh MA and Triantafyllou M (1994), "Calculations of dynamic motions and tensions of towed underwater vehicles", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 19(3), pp. 449-457.
BibTeX:
@article{Hover1994,
  author = {Hover, F and Grosenbaugh, M A and Triantafyllou, M},
  title = {Calculations of dynamic motions and tensions of towed underwater vehicles},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {449--457},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.312921},
  doi = {10.1109/48.312921}
}
Hover FS (1994), "Inversion of a distributed system for open-loop trajectory following", International Journal of Control. Vol. 60(5), pp. 671-686.
BibTeX:
@article{Hover1994a,
  author = {Hover, F S},
  title = {Inversion of a distributed system for open-loop trajectory following},
  journal = {International Journal of Control},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {60},
  number = {5},
  pages = {671--686},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179408921489},
  doi = {10.1080/00207179408921489}
}
Hurst SD, Karson JA and Verosub KL (1994), "Paleomagnetism of tilted dikes in fast spread oceanic crust exposed in the Hess Deep Rift: implications for spreading and rift propagation", Tectonics. Vol. 13(4), pp. 789-802.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurst1994,
  author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A and Verosub, K L},
  title = {Paleomagnetism of tilted dikes in fast spread oceanic crust exposed in the Hess Deep Rift: implications for spreading and rift propagation},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {789--802},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94TC00845},
  doi = {10.1029/94TC00845}
}
Johnson KS, Childress JJ, Beehler CL and Sakamoto CM (1994), "Biogeochemistry of hydrothermal vent mussel communities: the deep-sea analogue to the intertidal zone", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 41(7), pp. 993-1011.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1994,
  author = {Johnson, K S and Childress, J J and Beehler, C L and Sakamoto, C M},
  title = {Biogeochemistry of hydrothermal vent mussel communities: the deep-sea analogue to the intertidal zone},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {41},
  number = {7},
  pages = {993--1011},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90015-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90015-9}
}
Kaartvedt S, Van Dover CL, Mullineaux LS, Wiebe PH and Bollens S (1994), "Amphipods on a deep-sea hydrothermal treadmill", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 41(1), pp. 179-195.
BibTeX:
@article{Kaartvedt1994,
  author = {Kaartvedt, S and Van Dover, C L and Mullineaux, L S and Wiebe, P H and Bollens, S},
  title = {Amphipods on a deep-sea hydrothermal treadmill},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {179--195},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9}
}
Koski RA, Benninger LM, Zierenberg RA and Jonasson IR (1994), "Composition and growth history of hydrothermal deposits in Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 293-324.. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Koski1994,
  author = {Koski, R A and Benninger, L M and Zierenberg, R A and Jonasson, I R},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Composition and growth history of hydrothermal deposits in Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {293--324.}
}
Koski RA, Jonasson IR, Wong FL, Smith VK and Kadko DC (1994), "Hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate-silica deposits at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Compositions, growth mechanisms, and implications for fluid flow", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4813-4832.
BibTeX:
@article{Koski1994a,
  author = {Koski, R A and Jonasson, I R and Wong, F L and Smith, V K and Kadko, D C},
  title = {Hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate-silica deposits at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Compositions, growth mechanisms, and implications for fluid flow},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4813--4832},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02871},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02871}
}
Laue BE and Nelson DC (1994), "Characterization of the gene encoding the autotrophic ATP sulfurylase from the bacterial endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila", Journal of Bacteriology. Vol. 176(12), pp. 3723-3729.
BibTeX:
@article{Laue1994,
  author = {Laue, B E and Nelson, D C},
  title = {Characterization of the gene encoding the autotrophic ATP sulfurylase from the bacterial endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Journal of Bacteriology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {176},
  number = {12},
  pages = {3723--3729},
  url = {http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/176/12/3723}
}
Leader DE (1994), "Kalman filter estimation of underwater vehicle position and attitude using Doppler velocity aided inertial motion unit" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. O.E., pp. 106. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Leader1994,
  author = {Leader, D E},
  title = {Kalman filter estimation of underwater vehicle position and attitude using Doppler velocity aided inertial motion unit},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {O.E.},
  pages = {106},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2418},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/2418}
}
Lee RW and Childress JJ (1994), "Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by marine invertebrates and their chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 60(6), pp. 1852-1858.
BibTeX:
@article{Lee1994,
  author = {Lee, R W and Childress, J J},
  title = {Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by marine invertebrates and their chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {60},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1852--1858},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=201572&blobtype=pdf}
}
Linke P, Suess E, Torres M, Martens V, Rugh WD, Ziebis W and Kulm LD (1994), "In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 41(4), pp. 721-739.
BibTeX:
@article{Linke1994,
  author = {Linke, P and Suess, E and Torres, M and Martens, V and Rugh, W D and Ziebis, W and Kulm, L D},
  title = {In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {41},
  number = {4},
  pages = {721--739},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90051-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90051-5}
}
Lutz RA, Kennish MJ, Pooley AS and Fritz LW (1994), "Calcium carbonate dissolution rates in hydrothermal vent fields of the Guaymas Basin", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 52(5), pp. 969-982.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1994,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Kennish, M J and Pooley, A S and Fritz, L W},
  title = {Calcium carbonate dissolution rates in hydrothermal vent fields of the Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {52},
  number = {5},
  pages = {969--982},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/0022240943076894},
  doi = {10.1357/0022240943076894}
}
Lutz RA, Shank TM, Fornari DJ, Haymon RM, Lilley MD, Von Damm KL and Desbruyeres D (1994), "Rapid growth at deep-sea vents", Nature. Vol. 371(6499), pp. 663-664.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1994a,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Lilley, M D and Von Damm, K L and Desbruyeres, D},
  title = {Rapid growth at deep-sea vents},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {371},
  number = {6499},
  pages = {663--664},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371663a0},
  doi = {10.1038/371663a0}
}
Lutz RA and Voight JR (1994), "Close encounter in the deep", Nature. Vol. 371(6498), pp. 563.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1994b,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Voight, J R},
  title = {Close encounter in the deep},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {371},
  number = {6498},
  pages = {563},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371563a0},
  doi = {10.1038/371563a0}
}
Magenheim AJ and Gieskes JM (1994), "Evidence for hydrothermal flow through surficial sediments, Escanaba Trough", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 241-255. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Magenheim1994,
  author = {Magenheim, A J and Gieskes, J M},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Evidence for hydrothermal flow through surficial sediments, Escanaba Trough},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {241--255}
}
Massoth GJ, Baker ET, Lupton JE, Feely RA, Butterfield DA, Von Damm KL, Roe KK and Lebon GT (1994), "Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4905-4923.
BibTeX:
@article{Massoth1994,
  author = {Massoth, G J and Baker, E T and Lupton, J E and Feely, R A and Butterfield, D A and Von Damm, K L and Roe, K K and Lebon, G T},
  title = {Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4905--4923},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02799},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02799}
}
McCann AM and Freed J (1994), "Deep water archaeology: a late Roman ship sailing from Carthage and a trade route northeast of Skerki Bank", In Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplements. Ann Arbor, Mich. (13), pp. 162. Journal of Roman Archaeology.
BibTeX:
@book{McCann1994,
  author = {McCann, A M and Freed, J},
  title = {Deep water archaeology: a late Roman ship sailing from Carthage and a trade route northeast of Skerki Bank},
  booktitle = {Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplements},
  publisher = {Journal of Roman Archaeology},
  year = {1994},
  number = {13},
  pages = {162}
}
Michel JL and Ballard RD (1994), "The RMS Titanic 1985 discovery expedition", In Oceans '94: Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation : Proceedings. New York Vol. 3, pp. 132-136. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Michel1994,
  author = {Michel, J L and Ballard, R D},
  title = {The RMS Titanic 1985 discovery expedition},
  booktitle = {Oceans '94: Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation : Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {132--136},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364185},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364185}
}
Morton JL, Zierenberg RA and Reiss CA (1994), "Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough: An introduction", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 1-18. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Morton1994,
  author = {Morton, J L and Zierenberg, R A and Reiss, C A},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough: An introduction},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {1--18}
}
Mullineaux LS (1994), "Implications of mesoscale flows for dispersal and retention of larvae in deep-sea habitats", In Reproduction, larval biology, and recruitment of the deep-sea benthos. New York, N.Y. , pp. 201-222. Columbia University Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mullineaux1994,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S},
  editor = {Young, C M},
  title = {Implications of mesoscale flows for dispersal and retention of larvae in deep-sea habitats},
  booktitle = {Reproduction, larval biology, and recruitment of the deep-sea benthos},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {201--222}
}
Perfit MR, Fornari DJ, Smith M, Bender J, Langmuir CH and Haymon RM (1994), "Small-scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes", Geology. Vol. 22(4), pp. 375-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Perfit1994,
  author = {Perfit, M R and Fornari, D J and Smith, M and Bender, J and Langmuir, C H and Haymon, R M},
  title = {Small-scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {375--379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022%3C0375:SSSATV%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0375:SSSATV>2.3.CO;2}
}
Quinterno PJ (1994), "Quaternary foraminifers from Escanaba Trough, northeast Pacific Ocean", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 337-359. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Quinterno1994,
  author = {Quinterno, P J},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Quaternary foraminifers from Escanaba Trough, northeast Pacific Ocean},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {337--359}
}
Reiss CA and Zierenberg RA (1994), "Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge Cruise", In USGS open-file report. Reston, Va. , pp. 109. US Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Reiss1994,
  author = {Reiss, C A and Zierenberg, R A},
  title = {Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge Cruise},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {US Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {109},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr94711}
}
Ridley WI, Perfit MR, Jonasson IR and Smith MF (1994), "Hydrothermal alteration in oceanic ridge volcanics: A detailed study at the Galapagos fossil hydrothermal field", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 58(11), pp. 2477-2494.
BibTeX:
@article{Ridley1994,
  author = {Ridley, W I and Perfit, M R and Jonasson, I R and Smith, M F},
  title = {Hydrothermal alteration in oceanic ridge volcanics: A detailed study at the Galapagos fossil hydrothermal field},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {58},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2477--2494},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90025-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(94)90025-6}
}
Robigou V and Ballard RD (1994), "Deep-Sea research takes a new approach", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 75(8), pp. 81,87-88.
BibTeX:
@article{Robigou1994,
  author = {Robigou, V and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Deep-Sea research takes a new approach},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {75},
  number = {8},
  pages = {81,87--88},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94EO00525},
  doi = {10.1029/94EO00525}
}
Robigou V and Delaney JR (1994), "Evolution of two hydrothermal vent fields on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 75(44 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 706.
BibTeX:
@article{Robigou1994a,
  author = {Robigou, V and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Evolution of two hydrothermal vent fields on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {75},
  number = {44 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {706}
}
Rona PA, Petersen S, Hannington MD, Herzig PM, Tivey MA, Kleinrock M, Humphris SE, Thompson G and Lalou C (1994), "Alvin zone of the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 N, 45 W", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 75(44 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 706.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1994,
  author = {Rona, P A and Petersen, S and Hannington, M D and Herzig, P M and Tivey, M A and Kleinrock, M and Humphris, S E and Thompson, G and Lalou, C},
  title = {Alvin zone of the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 N, 45 W},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {75},
  number = {44 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {706}
}
Ross SL and Zierenberg RA (1994), "Volcanic geomorphology of the SESCA and NESCA sites, Escanaba Trough", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 143-151. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ross1994,
  author = {Ross, S L and Zierenberg, R A},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Volcanic geomorphology of the SESCA and NESCA sites, Escanaba Trough},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {143--151}
}
Rueter P, Rabus R, Wilkes H, Aekersberg F, Rainey F, Jannasch HW and Widdel F (1994), "Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons from crude oil by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria", Nature. Vol. 372(6505), pp. 455-459.
BibTeX:
@article{Rueter1994,
  author = {Rueter, P and Rabus, R and Wilkes, H and Aekersberg, F and Rainey, F and Jannasch, H W and Widdel, F},
  title = {Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons from crude oil by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {372},
  number = {6505},
  pages = {455--459},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372455a0},
  doi = {10.1038/372455a0}
}
Saldanha L (1994), "Fishes observed and collected during the Alvin dives at the Lucky Strike thermal vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridgs -1993)", Cybium. Vol. 18(4), pp. 460-462.
BibTeX:
@article{Saldanha1994,
  author = {Saldanha, L},
  title = {Fishes observed and collected during the Alvin dives at the Lucky Strike thermal vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridgs -1993)},
  journal = {Cybium},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {460--462}
}
Scott KM, Fisher CR, Vodenichar JS, Nix E and Minnich E (1994), "Effects of inorganic carbon concentrations, pH, and temperature on autotrophic carbon fixation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 67(3), pp. 617-638.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott1994,
  author = {Scott, K M and Fisher, C R and Vodenichar, J S and Nix, E and Minnich, E},
  title = {Effects of inorganic carbon concentrations, pH, and temperature on autotrophic carbon fixation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {617--638}
}
Smith MC, Perfit MR and Jonasson IR (1994), "Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Contols on the spatial and temporal evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalt", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4787-4812.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1994,
  author = {Smith, M C and Perfit, M R and Jonasson, I R},
  title = {Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Contols on the spatial and temporal evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalt},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4787--4812},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02158},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02158}
}
Smith VK and Koski RA (1994), "Descriptive and chemical data for hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate silica chimneys from the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", In USGS open-file report. Reston, Va. , pp. 21. US Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Smith1994a,
  author = {Smith, V K and Koski, R A},
  title = {Descriptive and chemical data for hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate silica chimneys from the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {US Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {21},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr9415}
}
Stewart WK, Jiang M and Marra M (1994), "A neural network approach to classification of sidescan sonar imagery from a Midocean Ridge area", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 19(2), pp. 214-224.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1994,
  author = {Stewart, W K and Jiang, M and Marra, M},
  title = {A neural network approach to classification of sidescan sonar imagery from a Midocean Ridge area},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {214--224},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.286644},
  doi = {10.1109/48.286644}
}
Stewart KS, Chu D, Malik S, Lerner S and Singh H (1994), "Quantitative seafloor characterization using a bathymetric sidescan sonar", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 19(4), pp. 599-610.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1994a,
  author = {Stewart, K S and Chu, D and Malik, S and Lerner, S and Singh, H},
  title = {Quantitative seafloor characterization using a bathymetric sidescan sonar},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {599--610},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.338396},
  doi = {10.1109/48.338396}
}
Tivey MA (1994), "The fine-scale magnetic anomaly field over the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: The axial magnetic low and implications for crustal structure", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 99(B3), pp. 4833-4855.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1994,
  author = {Tivey, M A},
  title = {The fine-scale magnetic anomaly field over the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: The axial magnetic low and implications for crustal structure},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {99},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {4833--4855},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02110},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB02110}
}
Tivey MA (1994), "High-resolution magnetic surveys over the Middle Valley mounds, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 139, pp. 29-35. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Tivey1994a,
  author = {Tivey, M A},
  editor = {McQuistion, M K},
  title = {High-resolution magnetic surveys over the Middle Valley mounds, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {139},
  pages = {29--35},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.139.205.1994},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.139.205.1994}
}
Toulmond A, Lallier FH, De Frescheville J, Childress JJ, Lee R, Sanders NK and Desbruyeres D (1994), "Unusual carbon dioxide-combining properties of body fluids in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 41(10), pp. 1447-1456.
BibTeX:
@article{Toulmond1994,
  author = {Toulmond, A and Lallier, F H and De Frescheville, J and Childress, J J and Lee, R and Sanders, N K and Desbruyeres, D},
  title = {Unusual carbon dioxide-combining properties of body fluids in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {41},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1447--1456},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90054-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90054-X}
}
Van Dover CL (1994), "In situ spawning of hydrothermal vent tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila)", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 186(1), pp. 134-135.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1994,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {In situ spawning of hydrothermal vent tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila)},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {186},
  number = {1},
  pages = {134--135},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/186/1/134?ck=nck}
}
Von Damm KL, Oosting SE and Buttermore LG (1994), "Chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at 9-10N EPR since the 1991 eruption: 1994 results", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 75(Fall Meeting Supplement), pp. 618.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1994,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Oosting, S E and Buttermore, L G},
  title = {Chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at 9-10N EPR since the 1991 eruption: 1994 results},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {75},
  number = {Fall Meeting Supplement},
  pages = {618}
}
Zierenberg RA, Morton JL, Koski RA, Ross SL and Holmes ML (1994), "Geologic setting of massive sulfide mineralization in the Escanaba Trough", In Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California. Reston, Va. (2022), pp. 171-197. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Zierenberg1994,
  author = {Zierenberg, R A and Morton, J L and Koski, R A and Ross, S L and Holmes, M L},
  editor = {Morton, J L},
  title = {Geologic setting of massive sulfide mineralization in the Escanaba Trough},
  booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1994},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {171--197}
}
(1994), "New theory tells how Earth grows skin", Science News. Vol. 145(25), pp. 397.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {New theory tells how Earth grows skin},
  journal = {Science News},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {145},
  number = {25},
  pages = {397}
}
Baker ET, Massoth GJ, Walker SL and Embley RW (1993), "A method for quantitatively estimating diffuse and discrete hydrothermal discharge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 118(1-4), pp. 235-249.
BibTeX:
@article{Baker1993,
  author = {Baker, E T and Massoth, G J and Walker, S L and Embley, R W},
  title = {A method for quantitatively estimating diffuse and discrete hydrothermal discharge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {235--249},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90170-E},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90170-E}
}
Ballard RD (1993), "The Medea/Jason remotely operated vehicle system", Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 40(8), pp. 1673-1687.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1993,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The Medea/Jason remotely operated vehicle system},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {40},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1673--1687},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(93)90021-T},
  doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(93)90021-T}
}
Ballard RD (1993), "The Jason remotely operated vehicle system", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 93-34, pp. 47. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1993a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The Jason remotely operated vehicle system},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {93-34},
  pages = {47},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/633},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/633}
}
Ballard RD (1993), "Fine-scale mapping programs using Jason ROV system", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 561.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1993b,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Fine-scale mapping programs using Jason ROV system},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {561}
}
Ballard RD and Archbold R (1993), "The Lost Ships of Guadalcanal" New York , pp. 227. Warner Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1993c,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Archbold, R},
  title = {The Lost Ships of Guadalcanal},
  publisher = {Warner Books},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {227}
}
Ballou PJ and Hawkes GS (1993), "Design study: 2-person research submersible", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 27(3), pp. 3-14.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballou1993,
  author = {Ballou, P J and Hawkes, G S},
  title = {Design study: 2-person research submersible},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {3--14}
}
Bazler JA, Spokane AR, Ballard RD and Fugate M (1993), "The Jason Project experience and attitudes toward science as an enterprise and career", Journal of Career Development. Vol. 20(2), pp. 101-112.
BibTeX:
@article{Bazler1993,
  author = {Bazler, J A and Spokane, A R and Ballard, R D and Fugate, M},
  title = {The Jason Project experience and attitudes toward science as an enterprise and career},
  journal = {Journal of Career Development},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {101--112},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089484539302000201},
  doi = {10.1177/089484539302000201}
}
Bemis KG, von Herzen RP and Mottl MJ (1993), "Geothermal heat flux from hydrothermal plumes on the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 98(B4), pp. 6351-6365.
BibTeX:
@article{Bemis1993,
  author = {Bemis, K G and von Herzen, R P and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Geothermal heat flux from hydrothermal plumes on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {98},
  number = {B4},
  pages = {6351--6365},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB02273},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB02273}
}
Bendel V, Fouquet Y, Auzende JM, Lagabrielle Y, Grimaud D and Urabe T (1993), "The White Lady hydrothermal field, North Fiji back-arc basin, Southeast Pacific", Economic Geology. Vol. 88(8), pp. 2233-2245.
BibTeX:
@article{Bendel1993,
  author = {Bendel, V and Fouquet, Y and Auzende, J M and Lagabrielle, Y and Grimaud, D and Urabe, T},
  title = {The White Lady hydrothermal field, North Fiji back-arc basin, Southeast Pacific},
  journal = {Economic Geology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {88},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2233--2245},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2237},
  doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2237}
}
Blondel P, Sempéré JC and Robigou V (1993), "Textural analysis and structure-tracking for geological mapping: Applications to sonar data from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", In Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings. New York, N.Y. Vol. 3, pp. III208-III213. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Blondel1993,
  author = {Blondel, P and Sempéré, J C and Robigou, V},
  title = {Textural analysis and structure-tracking for geological mapping: Applications to sonar data from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  booktitle = {Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {III208--III213},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326187},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326187}
}
Blondel P, Sempéré JC, Robigou V and Delaney JR (1993), "High-resolution bathymetry and geology of Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 573.
BibTeX:
@article{Blondel1993a,
  author = {Blondel, P and Sempéré, J C and Robigou, V and Delaney, J R},
  title = {High-resolution bathymetry and geology of Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {573}
}
Blondel P, Sempéré JC, Robigou V and Delaney JR (1993), "Textural analysis and geological mapping of high-resolution sonar images: Applications to Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 573.
BibTeX:
@article{Blondel1993b,
  author = {Blondel, P and Sempéré, J C and Robigou, V and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Textural analysis and geological mapping of high-resolution sonar images: Applications to Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {573}
}
Bowen AD (1993), "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's operational unmanned vehicle systems; a description of capabilities", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 561.
BibTeX:
@article{Bowen1993,
  author = {Bowen, A D},
  title = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's operational unmanned vehicle systems; a description of capabilities},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {561}
}
Cary SC, Warren W, Anderson E and Giovannoni SJ (1993), "Identification and localization of bacterial endosymbionts in hydrothermal vent taxa with symbiont-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification and in situ hybridization techniques", Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. 2(1), pp. 51-62.
BibTeX:
@article{Cary1993,
  author = {Cary, S C and Warren, W and Anderson, E and Giovannoni, S J},
  title = {Identification and localization of bacterial endosymbionts in hydrothermal vent taxa with symbiont-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification and in situ hybridization techniques},
  journal = {Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--62}
}
Childress JJ, Fisher CR, Favuzzi JA, Arp AJ and Oros DR (1993), "The role of a zinc-based, serum-borne sulphide-binding component in the uptake and transport of dissolved sulphide by the chemoautotrophic symbiont containing clam Calyptogena elongata", Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 179(1), pp. 131-158.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1993,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Favuzzi, J A and Arp, A J and Oros, D R},
  title = {The role of a zinc-based, serum-borne sulphide-binding component in the uptake and transport of dissolved sulphide by the chemoautotrophic symbiont containing clam Calyptogena elongata},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {179},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--158},
  url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/179/1/131}
}
Childress JJ, Lee R, Sanders NK, Felbeck H, Oros D, Toulmond A, Desbruyeres D, Brooks J and Kennicutt M C II (1993), "Inorganic carbon uptake in hydrothermal vent tubeworms facilitated by high environmental pCO2", Nature. Vol. 362(6416), pp. 147-149.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1993a,
  author = {Childress, J J and Lee, R and Sanders, N K and Felbeck, H and Oros, D and Toulmond, A and Desbruyeres, D and Brooks, J and II, Kennicutt M C},
  title = {Inorganic carbon uptake in hydrothermal vent tubeworms facilitated by high environmental pCO2},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {362},
  number = {6416},
  pages = {147--149},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362147a0},
  doi = {10.1038/362147a0}
}
Colodner DJ, Lin J, VonDamm K, Buttermore LG, Kozlowski R, Charlou JL, Donval JP and Wilson C (1993), "Chemistry of Lucky Strike fluids: Initial results", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 99.
BibTeX:
@article{Colodner1993,
  author = {Colodner, D J and Lin, J and VonDamm, K and Buttermore, L G and Kozlowski, R and Charlou, J L and Donval, J P and Wilson, C},
  title = {Chemistry of Lucky Strike fluids: Initial results},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {99}
}
Embley RW and Franklin JM (1993), "ROV samples vents on Juan de Fuca Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(15), pp. 177-184.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1993,
  author = {Embley, R W and Franklin, J M},
  title = {ROV samples vents on Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {15},
  pages = {177--184},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93EO00163},
  doi = {10.1029/93EO00163}
}
Felbeck H (1993), "Symbiose mit chemoautotrophen Bakterien: Eine alternative Nahrungsquelle", In Ökosystem Darm V: Immunologie, Mikrobiologie, Funktionsstörungen, klinische Manifestation: Klinik und Therapie akuter und chronischer Darmerkrankungen. Berlin , pp. 264-268. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Felbeck1993,
  author = {Felbeck, H},
  title = {Symbiose mit chemoautotrophen Bakterien: Eine alternative Nahrungsquelle},
  booktitle = {Ökosystem Darm V: Immunologie, Mikrobiologie, Funktionsstörungen, klinische Manifestation: Klinik und Therapie akuter und chronischer Darmerkrankungen},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {264--268}
}
Fisher CR, Brooks JM, Vodenichar JS, Zande JM, Childress JJ and Burke RA (1993), "The co-occurrence of methanotrophic and chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in a deep-sea mussel", Marine Ecology. Vol. 14(4), pp. 277-289.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1993,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Brooks, J M and Vodenichar, J S and Zande, J M and Childress, J J and Burke, R A},
  title = {The co-occurrence of methanotrophic and chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in a deep-sea mussel},
  journal = {Marine Ecology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {277--289},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1993.tb00001.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.1993.tb00001.x}
}
Fisher CR (1993), "Oxidation of methane by deep sea mytilids in the Gulf of Mexico", In Biogeochemistry of global change: Radiatively active trace gases: Selected papers from the Tenth International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry, San Francisco, August 19-24, 1991. New York , pp. 606-618. Chapman and Hall.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fisher1993a,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Oremland, R S},
  title = {Oxidation of methane by deep sea mytilids in the Gulf of Mexico},
  booktitle = {Biogeochemistry of global change: Radiatively active trace gases: Selected papers from the Tenth International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry, San Francisco, August 19-24, 1991},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {606--618}
}
Gallo DG (1993), "The structural character of oceanic transforms: Implications for tectonic processes" Kingston, R.I. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 282. University of Rhode Island.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Gallo1993,
  author = {Gallo, D G},
  title = {The structural character of oceanic transforms: Implications for tectonic processes},
  publisher = {University of Rhode Island},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {282}
}
Garcia MO, Jorgenson BA, Mahoney JJ, Ito E and Irving AJ (1993), "An evaluation of temporal geochemical evolution of Loihi summit lavas: results from Alvin submersible dives", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 98(B1), pp. 537-550.
BibTeX:
@article{Garcia1993,
  author = {Garcia, M O and Jorgenson, B A and Mahoney, J J and Ito, E and Irving, A J},
  title = {An evaluation of temporal geochemical evolution of Loihi summit lavas: results from Alvin submersible dives},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {98},
  number = {B1},
  pages = {537--550},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01707},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB01707}
}
Garzke WH, Yoerger DR, Harris S, Dulin RO and Brown DK (1993), "Deep underwater exploration vehicles -- past, present and future", In Centennial meeting, technical sessions, September 15-17, 1992, the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, the New York Hilton and Towers, New York, NY. Jersey City, N.J. , pp. 15-40. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Garzke1993,
  author = {Garzke, W H and Yoerger, D R and Harris, S and Dulin, R O and Brown, D K},
  title = {Deep underwater exploration vehicles -- past, present and future},
  booktitle = {Centennial meeting, technical sessions, September 15-17, 1992, the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, the New York Hilton and Towers, New York, NY},
  publisher = {Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {15--40}
}
German CR, Higgs NC, Thomson J, Mills R, Elderfield H, Blusztajn J, Fleer AP and Bacon MP (1993), "A geochemical study of metalliferous sediment from the TAG bydrothermal mound, 26 degrees 09'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 98(B6), pp. 9683-9692.
BibTeX:
@article{German1993,
  author = {German, C R and Higgs, N C and Thomson, J and Mills, R and Elderfield, H and Blusztajn, J and Fleer, A P and Bacon, M P},
  title = {A geochemical study of metalliferous sediment from the TAG bydrothermal mound, 26 degrees 09'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {98},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {9683--9692},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01705},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB01705}
}
Gillis KM, Thonpson G and Kelley DS (1993), "A view of the lower crustal component of hydrothermal systems at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 98(B11), pp. 19,519-597,619.
BibTeX:
@article{Gillis1993,
  author = {Gillis, K M and Thonpson, G and Kelley, D S},
  title = {A view of the lower crustal component of hydrothermal systems at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {98},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {19,519--597,619},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB01717},
  doi = {10.1029/93JB01717}
}
Goetz FE and Jannasch HW (1993), "Aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the petroleum-rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site: Preference for aromatic hydroxylic acids", Geomicrobiology Journal. Vol. 11(1), pp. 1-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Goetz1993,
  author = {Goetz, F E and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the petroleum-rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site: Preference for aromatic hydroxylic acids},
  journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--18}
}
Grosenbaugh MA, Howell CT and Moxnes S (1993), "Simulating the dynamics of underwater vehicles with low-tension tethers", International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. Vol. 3(3), pp. 213-218.
BibTeX:
@article{Grosenbaugh1993,
  author = {Grosenbaugh, M A and Howell, C T and Moxnes, S},
  title = {Simulating the dynamics of underwater vehicles with low-tension tethers},
  journal = {International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--218}
}
Haymon R, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Lilley M, Perfit M, Edmond J, Shanks W, Lutz R, Grebmeier JM, Carbotte S, Wright D, McLaughlin E, Smith M, Beedle N and Olson E (1993), "Volcanic eruption of the mid-ocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 45-52'N: Direct submersible observations of seafloor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April 1991", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 119(1-2), pp. 85-101.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1993,
  author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M and Perfit, M and Edmond, J and Shanks, W and Lutz, R and Grebmeier, J M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and McLaughlin, E and Smith, M and Beedle, N and Olson, E},
  title = {Volcanic eruption of the mid-ocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 45-52'N: Direct submersible observations of seafloor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April 1991},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {85--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W}
}
Hentschel U and Felbeck H (1993), "Nitrate respiration in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila", Nature. Vol. 366(6453), pp. 338-340.
BibTeX:
@article{Hentschel1993,
  author = {Hentschel, U and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Nitrate respiration in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {366},
  number = {6453},
  pages = {338--340},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366338a0},
  doi = {10.1038/366338a0}
}
Hoaki T, Wirsen CO, Hanzawa S, Maruyama T and Jannasch HW (1993), "Amino acid requirements of two hyperthermophilic Archaeal isolates from deep sea vents: Desulfurococcus strain SY and Pyrococcus strain GB-D", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 59(2), pp. 610-613.
BibTeX:
@article{Hoaki1993,
  author = {Hoaki, T and Wirsen, C O and Hanzawa, S and Maruyama, T and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Amino acid requirements of two hyperthermophilic Archaeal isolates from deep sea vents: Desulfurococcus strain SY and Pyrococcus strain GB-D},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {610--613},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=202153&blobtype=pdf}
}
Holmes ML and Johnson HP (1993), "Upper crustal densities derived from sea floor gravity measurements: Northern Juan De Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 20(17), pp. 1871-1874.
BibTeX:
@article{Holmes1993,
  author = {Holmes, M L and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Upper crustal densities derived from sea floor gravity measurements: Northern Juan De Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1871--1874},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00909},
  doi = {10.1029/93GL00909}
}
Howland JC, Marra M, Potter DF and Stewart WK (1993), "Near real-time GIS in deep-ocean exploration" Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 8. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Howland1993,
  author = {Howland, J C and Marra, M and Potter, D F and Stewart, W K},
  title = {Near real-time GIS in deep-ocean exploration},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {8},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA262073}
}
Hurst SD and Karson JA (1993), "Crack Structure of Seafloor Outcrops Based on Analysis of Digital Images: A New Approach to the Study of the Structure and Acoustic Properties of the Uppermost Oceanic Crust", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(16 (Spring Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 306.
BibTeX:
@article{Hurst1993,
  author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A},
  title = {Crack Structure of Seafloor Outcrops Based on Analysis of Digital Images: A New Approach to the Study of the Structure and Acoustic Properties of the Uppermost Oceanic Crust},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {16 (Spring Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {306}
}
Illman J, Milburn H and Macdonald R (1993), "An integrated system for navigation and positioning of an ROV for scientific exploration", In Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings. New York, N.Y. Vol. 2, pp. II499-II503. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Illman1993,
  author = {Illman, J and Milburn, H and Macdonald, R},
  title = {An integrated system for navigation and positioning of an ROV for scientific exploration},
  booktitle = {Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {II499--II503},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326147},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326147}
}
Johnson HP, Tivey MA and Holmes ML (1993), "A geophysical study of a new eruption on the axial seamount segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 620.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1993,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Tivey, M A and Holmes, M L},
  title = {A geophysical study of a new eruption on the axial seamount segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {620}
}
Johnson HP, Becker K and Von Herzen RP (1993), "Near-axis heat flow measurements on the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: implications for fluid circulation in oceanic crust", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 20(17), pp. 1875-1878.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1993a,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Near-axis heat flow measurements on the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: implications for fluid circulation in oceanic crust},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1875--1878},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00734},
  doi = {10.1029/93GL00734}
}
Kochevar RE, Govind NS and Childress JJ (1993), "Identification and characterization of two carbonic anhydrases from the hydrothermal vent tube-worm Riftia pachyptila Jones", Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. 2(1), pp. 10-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Kochevar1993,
  author = {Kochevar, R E and Govind, N S and Childress, J J},
  title = {Identification and characterization of two carbonic anhydrases from the hydrothermal vent tube-worm Riftia pachyptila Jones},
  journal = {Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10--19}
}
Kunzig R (1993), "Between home and the abyss", Discover. Vol. 14(12), pp. 66-75.
BibTeX:
@article{Kunzig1993,
  author = {Kunzig, R},
  title = {Between home and the abyss},
  journal = {Discover},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {14},
  number = {12},
  pages = {66--75},
  url = {http://discovermagazine.com/1993/dec/betweenhomeandth318}
}
Langmuir CH, Fornari DJ, Colodner D, Charlou JL, Costa I, Desbruyeres D, Desonie D, Emerson T, Fiala-Medioni A, Fouquet Y, Humphris SE, Saldanha L, Sours-Page R, Thatcher M, Tivey M, Van Dover CL, Von Damm KL, Wiese K and Wilson C (1993), "Geological setting and characteristics of the Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees 17'N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 99.
BibTeX:
@article{Langmuir1993,
  author = {Langmuir, C H and Fornari, D J and Colodner, D and Charlou, J L and Costa, I and Desbruyeres, D and Desonie, D and Emerson, T and Fiala-Medioni, A and Fouquet, Y and Humphris, S E and Saldanha, L and Sours-Page, R and Thatcher, M and Tivey, M and Van Dover, C L and Von Damm, K L and Wiese, K and Wilson, C},
  title = {Geological setting and characteristics of the Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees 17'N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {99}
}
Lopez AA (1993), "The Jason project and the National Autonomous University of Mexico", GEO-UNAM. Vol. 2(1), pp. 21-23.
BibTeX:
@article{Lopez1993,
  author = {Lopez, A A},
  title = {The Jason project and the National Autonomous University of Mexico},
  journal = {GEO-UNAM},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--23}
}
Lupton JE, Baker ET, Mottl MJ, Sansone FJ, Wheat CG, Resing JA, Massoth GJ, Measures CI and Feely RA (1993), "Chemical and physical diversity of hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8 degrees 45' N to 11 degrees 50' N", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 20(24), pp. 2913-2916.
BibTeX:
@article{Lupton1993,
  author = {Lupton, J E and Baker, E T and Mottl, M J and Sansone, F J and Wheat, C G and Resing, J A and Massoth, G J and Measures, C I and Feely, R A},
  title = {Chemical and physical diversity of hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8 degrees 45' N to 11 degrees 50' N},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {24},
  pages = {2913--2916},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00906},
  doi = {10.1029/93GL00906}
}
Martin JW, France SC and Van Dover CL (1993), "Halice hesmonectes, a new species of pardaliscid amphipod (Crustacea, Peracarida) from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific", Canadian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 71(9), pp. 1724-1732.
BibTeX:
@article{Martin1993,
  author = {Martin, J W and France, S C and Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Halice hesmonectes, a new species of pardaliscid amphipod (Crustacea, Peracarida) from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {71},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1724--1732},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-244},
  doi = {10.1139/z93-244}
}
McDuff RE (1993), "Observations of entrainment into a rising hydrothermal plume with the remotely operated vehicle Jason", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 573.
BibTeX:
@article{McDuff1993,
  author = {McDuff, R E},
  title = {Observations of entrainment into a rising hydrothermal plume with the remotely operated vehicle Jason},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {573}
}
McMurty GM, Sedwick PN, Fryer P, VonderHaar DL and Yeh HW (1993), "Unusual geochemistry of hydrothermal vents on submarine arc volcanoes: Kasuga Seamounts, Northern Mariana Arc", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 114(4), pp. 517-528.
BibTeX:
@article{McMurty1993,
  author = {McMurty, G M and Sedwick, P N and Fryer, P and VonderHaar, D L and Yeh, H W},
  title = {Unusual geochemistry of hydrothermal vents on submarine arc volcanoes: Kasuga Seamounts, Northern Mariana Arc},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {114},
  number = {4},
  pages = {517--528},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S}
}
Mindell DA, Yoerger DR, Freitag LE, Whitcomb LL and Eastwood RL (1993), "Jason talk: a standard ROV vehicle control system", In Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings. New York, N.Y. Vol. 3, pp. III253-III258. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mindell1993,
  author = {Mindell, D A and Yoerger, D R and Freitag, L E and Whitcomb, L L and Eastwood, R L},
  title = {Jason talk: a standard ROV vehicle control system},
  booktitle = {Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {III253--III258}
}
Morrison AT and Yoerger DR (1993), "Determination of the hydrodynamic parameters of an underwater vehicle during small scale nonuniform, 1-dimensional translation", In Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings. New York, N.Y. Vol. 2, pp. II277-II282. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Morrison1993,
  author = {Morrison, A T and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Determination of the hydrodynamic parameters of an underwater vehicle during small scale nonuniform, 1-dimensional translation},
  booktitle = {Oceans '93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {II277--II282},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326105},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326105}
}
Percival JB and Ames DE (1993), "Clay mineralogy of active hydrothermal chimneys and an associated mound, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Canadian Mineralogist. Vol. 31(4), pp. 957-971.
BibTeX:
@article{Percival1993,
  author = {Percival, J B and Ames, D E},
  title = {Clay mineralogy of active hydrothermal chimneys and an associated mound, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {957--971}
}
Robigou V, Stewart K and Ballard RD (1993), "Hydrothermal vent sites in the Guaymas Basin revisited by ROV: high-precision bathymetric, geological and biological mapping", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 573.
BibTeX:
@article{Robigou1993,
  author = {Robigou, V and Stewart, K and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent sites in the Guaymas Basin revisited by ROV: high-precision bathymetric, geological and biological mapping},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {573}
}
Robigou V (1993), "Jason Project IV; combined operations of Jason ROV, Turtle submersible and satellite link to land", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 573.
BibTeX:
@article{Robigou1993a,
  author = {Robigou, V},
  title = {Jason Project IV; combined operations of Jason ROV, Turtle submersible and satellite link to land},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {573}
}
Robigou V, Delaney JR and Stakes D (1993), "Large massive sulphide deposits in a newly discovered active hydrothermal system, the High-Rise Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 20(17), pp. 1887-1890.
BibTeX:
@article{Robigou1993b,
  author = {Robigou, V and Delaney, J R and Stakes, D},
  title = {Large massive sulphide deposits in a newly discovered active hydrothermal system, the High-Rise Field, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1887--1890},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL01399},
  doi = {10.1029/93GL01399}
}
Rona PA, Hannington MD, Raman CV, Thompson G, Tivey MK, Humphris SE, Lalou C and Petersen S (1993), "Active and relict sea-floor hydorthermal mineralization at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Economic Geology. Vol. 88(8), pp. 1989-2017.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1993,
  author = {Rona, P A and Hannington, M D and Raman, C V and Thompson, G and Tivey, M K and Humphris, S E and Lalou, C and Petersen, S},
  title = {Active and relict sea-floor hydorthermal mineralization at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Economic Geology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {88},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1989--2017},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.1989},
  doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.1989}
}
Rosenblum LJ, Stewart WK and Kamgar-Parsi B (1993), "Undersea visualization: a tool for scientific and engineering progress", In Animation and Scientific Visualization: Tools & Applications. London , pp. 205-223. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rosenblum1993,
  author = {Rosenblum, L J and Stewart, W K and Kamgar-Parsi, B},
  editor = {Earnshaw, R A},
  title = {Undersea visualization: a tool for scientific and engineering progress},
  booktitle = {Animation and Scientific Visualization: Tools & Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {205--223}
}
Sample JC, Reid MR, Tobin HJ and Moore JC (1993), "Carbonate cements indicate channeled fluid flow along a zone of vertical faults at the deformation front of the Cascadia accretionary wedge (Northwest U.S. coast)", Geology. Vol. 21(6), pp. 507-510.
BibTeX:
@article{Sample1993,
  author = {Sample, J C and Reid, M R and Tobin, H J and Moore, J C},
  title = {Carbonate cements indicate channeled fluid flow along a zone of vertical faults at the deformation front of the Cascadia accretionary wedge (Northwest U.S. coast)},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {507--510},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021%3C0507:CCICFF%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0507:CCICFF>2.3.CO;2}
}
Schempf H and Yoerger DR (1993), "Study of dominant performance characteristics in robot transmissions", Journal of Mechanical Design. Vol. 115(3), pp. 472-482.
BibTeX:
@article{Schempf1993,
  author = {Schempf, H and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Study of dominant performance characteristics in robot transmissions},
  journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {115},
  number = {3},
  pages = {472--482}
}
Stein JL and Felbeck H (1993), "Kinetic and physical properties of a recombinant RuBisCO from a chemoautotrophic endosymbiont", Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. 2(5), pp. 280-291.
BibTeX:
@article{Stein1993,
  author = {Stein, J L and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Kinetic and physical properties of a recombinant RuBisCO from a chemoautotrophic endosymbiont},
  journal = {Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {280--291}
}
Stewart WK, Ballard RD and Yoerger DR (1993), "Multiscale, multisensor survey of mid-ocean ridges", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 74(43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)), pp. 561.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1993,
  author = {Stewart, W K and Ballard, R D and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Multiscale, multisensor survey of mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {74},
  number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
  pages = {561}
}
Tivey MA and Johnson HP (1993), "Variations in oceanic crustal structure and the implications for the fine-scale magnetic anomaly signal", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 20(17), pp. 1879-1882.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1993,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Variations in oceanic crustal structure and the implications for the fine-scale magnetic anomaly signal},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {20},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1879--1882},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL01485},
  doi = {10.1029/93GL01485}
}
Tivey MA, Rona PA and Schouten H (1993), "Reduced crustal magnetization beneath the active sulfide mound, TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26N", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 115(1-4), pp. 101-115.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1993a,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Rona, P A and Schouten, H},
  title = {Reduced crustal magnetization beneath the active sulfide mound, TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26N},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {101--115},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90216-V},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90216-V}
}
Travis J (1993), "Deep-sea debate pits Alvin against Jason", Science. Vol. 259(5101), pp. 1534-1536.
BibTeX:
@article{Travis1993,
  author = {Travis, J},
  title = {Deep-sea debate pits Alvin against Jason},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {259},
  number = {5101},
  pages = {1534--1536},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5101.1534},
  doi = {10.1126/science.259.5101.1534}
}
Turner RJW, Ames DE, Franklin JM, Goodfellow WD, Leitch CHB and Höy T (1993), "Character of active hydrothermal mounds and near by altered hemipelagic sediments in the hydrothermal areas of Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: data on shallow cores", Canadian Mineralogist. Vol. 31(4), pp. 973-996.
BibTeX:
@article{Turner1993,
  author = {Turner, R J W and Ames, D E and Franklin, J M and Goodfellow, W D and Leitch, C H B and Höy, T},
  title = {Character of active hydrothermal mounds and near by altered hemipelagic sediments in the hydrothermal areas of Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: data on shallow cores},
  journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {973--996}
}
Van Dover CL (1993), "Depths of ignorance", Discover. Vol. 14(9), pp. 37-39.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1993,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Depths of ignorance},
  journal = {Discover},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {14},
  number = {9},
  pages = {37--39}
}
Wetzel LR, Wiens DA and Kleinrock MC (1993), "Evidence from earthquakes for bookshelf faulting at large non-transform ridge offsets", Nature. Vol. 362(6416), pp. 235-237.
BibTeX:
@article{Wetzel1993,
  author = {Wetzel, L R and Wiens, D A and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {Evidence from earthquakes for bookshelf faulting at large non-transform ridge offsets},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {362},
  number = {6416},
  pages = {235--237},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362235a0},
  doi = {10.1038/362235a0}
}
Whitcomb LL and Yoerger DR (1993), "A new distributed real-time control system for the Jason underwater robot", In IROS '93: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Intelligent Robots for Flexibility. New York, N.Y. Vol. 1, pp. 368-374. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Whitcomb1993,
  author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {A new distributed real-time control system for the Jason underwater robot},
  booktitle = {IROS '93: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Intelligent Robots for Flexibility},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {368--374},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.1993.583124},
  doi = {10.1109/IROS.1993.583124}
}
Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1993), "Microbial degradation of a starch-based biopolymer in the marine environment", In Fundamentals of Biodegradable Materials and Packaging. Lancaster, Penn. , pp. 297-310. Technomic Publishing.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Wirsen1993,
  author = {Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Kaplan, D},
  title = {Microbial degradation of a starch-based biopolymer in the marine environment},
  booktitle = {Fundamentals of Biodegradable Materials and Packaging},
  publisher = {Technomic Publishing},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {297--310}
}
Wirsen CO, Jannasch HW and Molyneaux SJ (1993), "Chemosynthetic microbial activity at Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent sites", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 98(B6), pp. 9693-9703.
BibTeX:
@article{Wirsen1993a,
  author = {Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W and Molyneaux, S J},
  title = {Chemosynthetic microbial activity at Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent sites},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {98},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {9693--9703},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01556},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB01556}
}
Zierenberg RA, Koski RA, Morton JL, Bouse RM and Shanks WC (1993), "Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba Trough 41N, Gorda Ridge", Economic Geology. Vol. 88(8), pp. 2069-2098.
BibTeX:
@article{Zierenberg1993,
  author = {Zierenberg, R A and Koski, R A and Morton, J L and Bouse, R M and Shanks, W C},
  title = {Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba Trough 41N, Gorda Ridge},
  journal = {Economic Geology},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {88},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2069--2098},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2069},
  doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2069}
}
Appelgate BT and Embley RW (1992), "Submarine tumuli and inflated tube-fed lava flows on Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Bulletin of Volcanology. Vol. 54(6), pp. 447-458.
Abstract: A seafloor lava field was mapped within the summit caldera of Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, using SeaMARC I sidescan sonor and submersible observations. By analogy with similar subaerial features, we infer that several volcanic seafloor features here formed by the process of lava flow inflation. Flow inflation occurs within tube-fed lava flows when lava continues to be supplied to the interior of a flow that has ceased advancing, thus uplifting the flow's rigid surface and creating a suite of characteristic surface structures. Inflated lavas require a feeder lava tube or tube system connected to a remote lava source, and therefore we infer that inflated submarine lava flows contain lava tubes. Inflated flow features identified from sidescan sonar images elsewhere on Axial Volcano and within the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca ridge suggest that flow inflation is a widespread submarine volcanic process.
BibTeX:
@article{Appelgate1992,
  author = {Appelgate, B T and Embley, R W},
  title = {Submarine tumuli and inflated tube-fed lava flows on Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {6},
  pages = {447--458},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301391},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00301391}
}
Ballard RD and Chiu T (1992), "Bright Shark" New York, N.Y. , pp. 483. Delacorte Press.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1992,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Chiu, T},
  title = {Bright Shark},
  publisher = {Delacorte Press},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {483}
}
Bowen MF (1992), "Intercontinental ROV pilot training and telerobotics via satellite", In Global ocean partnership : MTS '92 proceedings. Washington, D.C. Vol. 2, pp. 1067-1073. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen1992,
  author = {Bowen, M F},
  title = {Intercontinental ROV pilot training and telerobotics via satellite},
  booktitle = {Global ocean partnership : MTS '92 proceedings},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1067--1073}
}
Bowen AD and Walden BB (1992), "Manned versus unmanned systems: a complementary approach", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 26(4), pp. 79-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Bowen1992a,
  author = {Bowen, A D and Walden, B B},
  title = {Manned versus unmanned systems: a complementary approach},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {79--80}
}
Brunner CA and Culver SJ (1992), "An example of slump block construction of the continental rise", Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences. Vol. 37(1), pp. 42.
BibTeX:
@article{Brunner1992,
  author = {Brunner, C A and Culver, S J},
  title = {An example of slump block construction of the continental rise},
  journal = {Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1},
  pages = {42}
}
Casanova JP (1992), "Chaetognaths from Alvin dives in the Santa Catalina Basin (California), with description of two new Heterokrohnia species", Journal of Natural History. Vol. 26(3), pp. 663-674.
BibTeX:
@article{Casanova1992,
  author = {Casanova, J P},
  title = {Chaetognaths from Alvin dives in the Santa Catalina Basin (California), with description of two new Heterokrohnia species},
  journal = {Journal of Natural History},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {663--674},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939200770411},
  doi = {10.1080/00222939200770411}
}
Cavanaugh CM, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1992), "Evidence for methylotrophic symbionts in a hydrothermal vent mussel (Bivalvia Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 58(12), pp. 3799-3803.
BibTeX:
@article{Cavanaugh1992,
  author = {Cavanaugh, C M and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Evidence for methylotrophic symbionts in a hydrothermal vent mussel (Bivalvia Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {12},
  pages = {3799--3803},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=183184&blobtype=pdf}
}
Chandler RS (1992), "DSV Alvin dive log 1964-92", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Chandler1992,
  author = {Chandler, R S},
  title = {DSV Alvin dive log 1964-92},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {var.}
}
Chevaldonne P, Desbruyeres D and Childress JJ (1992), "... And some even hotter", Nature. Vol. 359(6396), pp. 593-594.
BibTeX:
@article{Chevaldonne1992,
  author = {Chevaldonne, P and Desbruyeres, D and Childress, J J},
  title = {... And some even hotter},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {359},
  number = {6396},
  pages = {593--594},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359593b0},
  doi = {10.1038/359593b0}
}
Childress JJ and Fisher CR (1992), "The biology of hydrothermal vent animals: physiology, biochemistry, and autotrophic symbioses", In Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. Vol. 30, pp. 337-441. Routledge.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Childress1992,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Barnes, M},
  title = {The biology of hydrothermal vent animals: physiology, biochemistry, and autotrophic symbioses},
  booktitle = {Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {337--441}
}
Delaney JR, Robigou V, McDuff RE and Tivey MK (1992), "Geology of a vigorous hydrothermal system on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 97, pp. 19,619-663,682.
BibTeX:
@article{Delaney1992,
  author = {Delaney, J R and Robigou, V and McDuff, R E and Tivey, M K},
  title = {Geology of a vigorous hydrothermal system on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {97},
  pages = {19,619--663,682},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB00174},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB00174}
}
Edwards MH, Smith M and Fornari DJ (1992), "CCD camera maps recent volcanic eruption on the East Pacific Rise", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(31), pp. 329-330.
BibTeX:
@article{Edwards1992,
  author = {Edwards, M H and Smith, M and Fornari, D J},
  title = {CCD camera maps recent volcanic eruption on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {31},
  pages = {329--330},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91EO00254},
  doi = {10.1029/91EO00254}
}
Elder RL (1992), "Converting Jason Junior, a small ROV, to fiber optics", In Intervention/ROV '92 conference & exposition: a decade of achievement. Vol. San Diego,, pp. 479-484. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Elder1992,
  author = {Elder, R L},
  title = {Converting Jason Junior, a small ROV, to fiber optics},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '92 conference & exposition: a decade of achievement},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {San Diego,},
  pages = {479--484}
}
Felbeck H and Distel DL (1992), "Prokaryotic symbionts in marine invertebrates", In Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. New York Vol. 2nd, pp. 3891-3906. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Felbeck1992,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Distel, D L},
  editor = {Balows, A},
  title = {Prokaryotic symbionts in marine invertebrates},
  booktitle = {Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2nd},
  pages = {3891--3906}
}
Fisher CR and Childress JJ (1992), "Organic carbon transfer from methanotrophic symbionts to the host hydrocarbon seep mussel", Symbiosis. Vol. 12(3), pp. 221-235.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1992,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J},
  title = {Organic carbon transfer from methanotrophic symbionts to the host hydrocarbon seep mussel},
  journal = {Symbiosis},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {221--235}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Batiza R and Edwards MH (1992), "Submersible transects across the East Pacific Rise crest and upper-flanks at 9 degrees 21'-32' N: 1. Observations of seafloor morphology and evidence for young volcanism off-axis", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 525.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1992,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Batiza, R and Edwards, M H},
  title = {Submersible transects across the East Pacific Rise crest and upper-flanks at 9 degrees 21'-32' N: 1. Observations of seafloor morphology and evidence for young volcanism off-axis},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {525}
}
Fox CG, Chadwick WW and Embley RW (1992), "Detection of changes in ridge-crest morphology using repeated multibeam sonar surveys", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 97(7), pp. 11,111-149,162.
BibTeX:
@article{Fox1992,
  author = {Fox, C G and Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W},
  title = {Detection of changes in ridge-crest morphology using repeated multibeam sonar surveys},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {97},
  number = {7},
  pages = {11,111--149,162},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB00601},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB00601}
}
France SC, Hessler RR and Vrijenhoek RC (1992), "Genetic differentiation between spatially-disjunct populations of the deep-sea, hydrothermal vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris", Marine Biology. Vol. 114(4), pp. 551-559.
BibTeX:
@article{France1992,
  author = {France, S C and Hessler, R R and Vrijenhoek, R C},
  title = {Genetic differentiation between spatially-disjunct populations of the deep-sea, hydrothermal vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {114},
  number = {4},
  pages = {551--559},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357252},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00357252}
}
Fryer P (1992), "A synthesis of Leg 125 drilling of serpentine seamounts on the Mariana and Izu-Bonin Forearcs", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. College Station, Tex. Vol. 125, pp. 593-614. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fryer1992,
  author = {Fryer, P},
  editor = {Dearmont, L H},
  title = {A synthesis of Leg 125 drilling of serpentine seamounts on the Mariana and Izu-Bonin Forearcs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {125},
  pages = {593--614},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.125.168.1992},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.125.168.1992}
}
Gunderson J, Jorgensen BB, Larsen E and Jannasch HW (1992), "Mats of giant sulfur bacteria in deep-sea sediments due to fluctuating hydrothermal flow", Nature. Vol. 360(6403), pp. 454-456.
BibTeX:
@article{Gunderson1992,
  author = {Gunderson, J and Jorgensen, B B and Larsen, E and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Mats of giant sulfur bacteria in deep-sea sediments due to fluctuating hydrothermal flow},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {360},
  number = {6403},
  pages = {454--456},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/360454a0},
  doi = {10.1038/360454a0}
}
Hamner WM and Robison BH (1992), "In situ observations of giant appendicularians in Monterey Bay", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 39(7-8), pp. 1299-1313.
BibTeX:
@article{Hamner1992,
  author = {Hamner, W M and Robison, B H},
  title = {In situ observations of giant appendicularians in Monterey Bay},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {39},
  number = {7-8},
  pages = {1299--1313},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90070-A},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(92)90070-A}
}
Haymon RM (1992), "From hot lava to tall spires of "burning rocks": Initiation and first-year growth of chimneys at new vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9 degrees 45-52'N", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 524.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1992,
  author = {Haymon, R M},
  title = {From hot lava to tall spires of "burning rocks": Initiation and first-year growth of chimneys at new vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9 degrees 45-52'N},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {524}
}
Haymon R, Fornari DJ, Lutz R, Perfit M, Macdonald K, Von Damm KL, Lilley M, Shanks WC, Nelson D, Edwards M, Kappus M, Colodner D, Wright D, Scherier D, Black M, Edmonds H, Olson E and Geiselman T (1992), "Dramatic short-term changes observed during March '92 to April '91 eruption site on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 45-52'N", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 524.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1992a,
  author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Lutz, R and Perfit, M and Macdonald, K and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M and Shanks, W C and Nelson, D and Edwards, M and Kappus, M and Colodner, D and Wright, D and Scherier, D and Black, M and Edmonds, H and Olson, E and Geiselman, T},
  title = {Dramatic short-term changes observed during March '92 to April '91 eruption site on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 45-52'N},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {524}
}
Heppenheimer TA (1992), "To the bottom of the sea", American Heritage of Invention & Technology. Vol. 8(1), pp. 28-38.
BibTeX:
@article{Heppenheimer1992,
  author = {Heppenheimer, T A},
  title = {To the bottom of the sea},
  journal = {American Heritage of Invention & Technology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28--38},
  url = {http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1992/1/1992128.shtml}
}
Hey RN, Sinton JM, Kleinrock MC, Yonover RN, Macdonald KC, Miller SP, Searle RC, Christie DM, Atwater TM, Sleep NH, Johnson HP and Neal CA (1992), "Alvin investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees west", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 14(3), pp. 207-226.
BibTeX:
@article{Hey1992,
  author = {Hey, R N and Sinton, J M and Kleinrock, M C and Yonover, R N and Macdonald, K C and Miller, S P and Searle, R C and Christie, D M and Atwater, T M and Sleep, N H and Johnson, H P and Neal, C A},
  title = {Alvin investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees west},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {207--226},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270630},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01270630}
}
Hover FS and Yoerger DR (1992), "Full-scale experiments in open-loop positioning of a deep towfish", In Oceans '92: Mastering the oceans through technology: Proceedings. New York, N.Y. Vol. 2, pp. 906-911. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hover1992,
  author = {Hover, F S and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Full-scale experiments in open-loop positioning of a deep towfish},
  booktitle = {Oceans '92: Mastering the oceans through technology: Proceedings},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {906--911},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705}
}
Hover FS and Yoerger DR (1992), "Identification of low-order dynamic models for deeply towed underwater vehicle systems", International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. Vol. 2(1), pp. 38-45.
BibTeX:
@article{Hover1992a,
  author = {Hover, F S and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Identification of low-order dynamic models for deeply towed underwater vehicle systems},
  journal = {International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38--45}
}
Howell CT, Grosenbaugh MA, Moxnes S, Anderson J and Triantafyllou MS (1992), "Maneuvering underwater vehicles employing low-tension tethers", In Proceedings of the Second (1992) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Golden, Colo. , pp. 321-326. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineer (ISOPE).
BibTeX:
@incollection{Howell1992,
  author = {Howell, C T and Grosenbaugh, M A and Moxnes, S and Anderson, J and Triantafyllou, M S},
  title = {Maneuvering underwater vehicles employing low-tension tethers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second (1992) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference},
  publisher = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineer (ISOPE)},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {321--326}
}
Howland JC, Marra M, Potter DF and Stewart WK (1992), "Near real-time GIS in deep-ocean exploration", In ASPRS/ACSM/RT 92 technical papers. Bethesda, Md. , pp. 428-435. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Howland1992,
  author = {Howland, J C and Marra, M and Potter, D F and Stewart, W K},
  title = {Near real-time GIS in deep-ocean exploration},
  booktitle = {ASPRS/ACSM/RT 92 technical papers},
  publisher = {American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; American Congress on Surveying and Mapping},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {428--435}
}
Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO, Molyneaux SJ and Langworthy TA (1992), "Comparative physiological studies on hyperthermophilic Archaea isolated from deep sea hot vents with emphasis on Pyrococcus Strain GB-D", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 58(11), pp. 3472-3481.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1992,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Molyneaux, S J and Langworthy, T A},
  title = {Comparative physiological studies on hyperthermophilic Archaea isolated from deep sea hot vents with emphasis on Pyrococcus Strain GB-D},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {58},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3472--3481},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=183131&blobtype=pdf}
}
Jannasch HW (1992), "R/V Atlantis II (voyage 125, legs 22 and 23) and DSR/S Alvin (dive series 2337 to 2349): To conduct microbiological research at the Guaymas Basin and the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent sites during 6 -24 March 1991", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Jannasch1992a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {R/V Atlantis II (voyage 125, legs 22 and 23) and DSR/S Alvin (dive series 2337 to 2349): To conduct microbiological research at the Guaymas Basin and the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent sites during 6 -24 March 1991},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {var.}
}
Jorgensen BB, Isaksen MF and Jannasch HW (1992), "Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments", Science. Vol. 258(5089), pp. 1756-1757.
BibTeX:
@article{Jorgensen1992,
  author = {Jorgensen, B B and Isaksen, M F and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {258},
  number = {5089},
  pages = {1756--1757},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5089.1756},
  doi = {10.1126/science.258.5089.1756}
}
Juniper SK, Tunnicliffe V and Southward EC (1992), "Hydrothermal vents in turbidite sediments on a Northeast Pacific spreading centre: Organisms and substratum at an ocean drilling site", Canadian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 70(9), pp. 1792-1809.
BibTeX:
@article{Juniper1992,
  author = {Juniper, S K and Tunnicliffe, V and Southward, E C},
  title = {Hydrothermal vents in turbidite sediments on a Northeast Pacific spreading centre: Organisms and substratum at an ocean drilling site},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {70},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1792--1809},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-247},
  doi = {10.1139/z92-247}
}
Karson JA, Hurst SD and Lonsdale P (1992), "Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast-spread oceanic crust exposed near Hess Deep", Geology. Vol. 20(8), pp. 685-688.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1992,
  author = {Karson, J A and Hurst, S D and Lonsdale, P},
  title = {Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast-spread oceanic crust exposed near Hess Deep},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {20},
  number = {8},
  pages = {685--688},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020%3C0685:TRODIF%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0685:TRODIF>2.3.CO;2}
}
Karson JA (1992), "Segment boundaries in oceanic and contintental rifts: geometry and kinematics of transfer zones", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(14 (Spring Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 286.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1992a,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  title = {Segment boundaries in oceanic and contintental rifts: geometry and kinematics of transfer zones},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {14 (Spring Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {286}
}
Karson JA and Winters AT (1992), "Along-Axis Variations in Tectonic Extension and Accommodation Zones in the MARK Area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23N Latitude", In Ophiolites and Their Modern Oceanic Analogues. London (60), pp. 107-116. Geological Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1992b,
  author = {Karson, J A and Winters, A T},
  editor = {Parson, L M},
  title = {Along-Axis Variations in Tectonic Extension and Accommodation Zones in the MARK Area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23N Latitude},
  booktitle = {Ophiolites and Their Modern Oceanic Analogues},
  publisher = {Geological Society},
  year = {1992},
  number = {60},
  pages = {107--116}
}
Kleinrock MC, Hey RN and Theberge AE (1992), "Practical geological comparison of some seafloor survey instruments", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 19(13), pp. 1407-1410.
BibTeX:
@article{Kleinrock1992,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C and Hey, R N and Theberge, A E},
  title = {Practical geological comparison of some seafloor survey instruments},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {19},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1407--1410},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92GL01390},
  doi = {10.1029/92GL01390}
}
Kochevar R, Childress JJ, Fisher CR and Minnich (1992), "The methane mussel: roles of symbiont and host in the metabolic utilization of methane", Marine Biology. Vol. 112(3), pp. 389-401.
BibTeX:
@article{Kochevar1992,
  author = {Kochevar, R and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Minnich},
  title = {The methane mussel: roles of symbiont and host in the metabolic utilization of methane},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {112},
  number = {3},
  pages = {389--401},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356284},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00356284}
}
Lagabrielle Y, Mamaloukas-Frangoulis V, Cannat M, Auzende JM, Honnorez J, Mevel C and Bonatti E (1992), "Vema fracture zone (central Atlantic); tectonic and magmatic evolution of the median ridge and the eastern ridge-transform intersection domain", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 97(B12), pp. 17,317-331,351.
BibTeX:
@article{Lagabrielle1992,
  author = {Lagabrielle, Y and Mamaloukas-Frangoulis, V and Cannat, M and Auzende, J M and Honnorez, J and Mevel, C and Bonatti, E},
  title = {Vema fracture zone (central Atlantic); tectonic and magmatic evolution of the median ridge and the eastern ridge-transform intersection domain},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {97},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {17,317--331,351},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01086},
  doi = {10.1029/92JB01086}
}
Lee RW, Thuesen EV and Childress JJ (1992), "Ammonium and free amino acids as nitrogen sourcess for the chemoautotrophic clam symbiosis Solemya reidi Bernard (Bivalvia : Protobranchiata)", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 158(1), pp. 75-91.
BibTeX:
@article{Lee1992,
  author = {Lee, R W and Thuesen, E V and Childress, J J},
  title = {Ammonium and free amino acids as nitrogen sourcess for the chemoautotrophic clam symbiosis Solemya reidi Bernard (Bivalvia : Protobranchiata)},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {158},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--91},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90309-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0022-0981(92)90309-X}
}
Lilley MD, Olson EJ, Lupton JE and Von Damm KL (1992), "Volatiles in the 9N hydrothermal system: a comparison of 1991 and 1992 data", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 524.
BibTeX:
@article{Lilley1992,
  author = {Lilley, M D and Olson, E J and Lupton, J E and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Volatiles in the 9N hydrothermal system: a comparison of 1991 and 1992 data},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {524}
}
Lutz RA, Black MB, Fornari DJ, Haymon RM, Nelson D, Perfit MR, Shanks WC, Lilley M and Von Damm KL (1992), "Biological and geological baseline along the BIOTRANSECT - East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 49.61' - 50.35'N: Short-term temporal variations after the 1991 eruption", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 525.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1992,
  author = {Lutz, R A and Black, M B and Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Nelson, D and Perfit, M R and Shanks, W C and Lilley, M and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Biological and geological baseline along the BIOTRANSECT - East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 49.61' - 50.35'N: Short-term temporal variations after the 1991 eruption},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {525}
}
Malmquist KA (1992), "Modeling a 300 kHz bathymetric sonar system" Cambridge and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. M.S., pp. 124. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Malmquist1992,
  author = {Malmquist, K A},
  title = {Modeling a 300 kHz bathymetric sonar system},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {124},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA257378}
}
McHugh CM, Ryan WBF and Hecker B (1992), "Contemporary sedimentary processes in the Monterey Canyon-fan system", Marine Geology. Vol. 107(1-2), pp. 35-50.
BibTeX:
@article{McHugh1992,
  author = {McHugh, C M and Ryan, W B F and Hecker, B},
  title = {Contemporary sedimentary processes in the Monterey Canyon-fan system},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {35--50},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90067-R},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(92)90067-R}
}
Mutter JC and Karson JA (1992), "Mechanical extension of oceanic lithosphere at slow-spreading ridges: Primary influence on morphology and segmentation", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(14 (Spring Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 286.
BibTeX:
@article{Mutter1992,
  author = {Mutter, J C and Karson, J A},
  title = {Mechanical extension of oceanic lithosphere at slow-spreading ridges: Primary influence on morphology and segmentation},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {14 (Spring Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {286}
}
Mutter JC and Karson JA (1992), "Structural processes at slow-spreading ridges", Science. Vol. 257(5070), pp. 627-634.
BibTeX:
@article{Mutter1992a,
  author = {Mutter, J C and Karson, J A},
  title = {Structural processes at slow-spreading ridges},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {257},
  number = {5070},
  pages = {627--634},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5070.627},
  doi = {10.1126/science.257.5070.627}
}
Nelson DC (1992), "The genus Beggiatoa", In Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. New York Vol. 2nd, pp. 3171-3180. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Nelson1992,
  author = {Nelson, D C},
  editor = {Balows, A},
  title = {The genus Beggiatoa},
  booktitle = {Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {2nd},
  pages = {3171--3180}
}
Perfit MR, Fornari DJ, Batiza R and Edwards MH (1992), "Submersible transects across the East Pacific Rise crest and upper-flanks at 9 degrees 21'-32' N: 2. Small-scale spatial variations in lava geochemistry and implications for temporal variability", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 525.
BibTeX:
@article{Perfit1992,
  author = {Perfit, M R and Fornari, D J and Batiza, R and Edwards, M H},
  title = {Submersible transects across the East Pacific Rise crest and upper-flanks at 9 degrees 21'-32' N: 2. Small-scale spatial variations in lava geochemistry and implications for temporal variability},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {525}
}
Radetsky P (1992), "How did life start? (10 great unanswered questions of science)", Discover. Vol. 13(11), pp. 74-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Radetsky1992,
  author = {Radetsky, P},
  title = {How did life start? (10 great unanswered questions of science)},
  journal = {Discover},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {13},
  number = {11},
  pages = {74--80},
  url = {http://discovermagazine.com/1992/nov/howdidlifestart153}
}
Rona PA and Trivett DA (1992), "Discrete and diffuse heat transfer at ASHES vent field, Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 109(1-2), pp. 57-71.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1992,
  author = {Rona, P A and Trivett, D A},
  title = {Discrete and diffuse heat transfer at ASHES vent field, Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {109},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {57--71},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90074-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(92)90074-6}
}
Sanders NK and Childress JJ (1992), "Specific effects of thiosulfate and L-lactate on Hemocyanin-O2 affinity in a brachyuran hydrothermal vent crab", Marine Biology. Vol. 113(2), pp. 175-180.
BibTeX:
@article{Sanders1992,
  author = {Sanders, N K and Childress, J J},
  title = {Specific effects of thiosulfate and L-lactate on Hemocyanin-O2 affinity in a brachyuran hydrothermal vent crab},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {113},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--180},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347269},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00347269}
}
Shanks WC, Bohlke JK and Von Damm KL (1992), "Stable isotope variations in vent fluids on short time scales: Observations at the 1991 eruption site on the EPR at 9 degrees 33-52'N", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 524.
BibTeX:
@article{Shanks1992,
  author = {Shanks, W C and Bohlke, J K and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Stable isotope variations in vent fluids on short time scales: Observations at the 1991 eruption site on the EPR at 9 degrees 33-52'N},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {524}
}
Sigurdsson H (1992), "Working with Jason in the Galapagos", Maritimes. Vol. 36(1), pp. 13-15.
BibTeX:
@article{Sigurdsson1992,
  author = {Sigurdsson, H},
  title = {Working with Jason in the Galapagos},
  journal = {Maritimes},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--15}
}
Simoneit BRT (1992), "Natural hydrous pyrolysis: Petroleum generation in submarine hydrothermal systems", In Organic matter: Productivity, accumulation, and preservation in recent and ancient sediments. New York , pp. 368-402. Columbia University Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Simoneit1992,
  author = {Simoneit, B R T},
  editor = {Whelan, J K},
  title = {Natural hydrous pyrolysis: Petroleum generation in submarine hydrothermal systems},
  booktitle = {Organic matter: Productivity, accumulation, and preservation in recent and ancient sediments},
  publisher = {Columbia University Press},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {368--402}
}
Smith CR (1992), "Whale falls: Chemosynthesis on the deep seafloor", Oceanus. Vol. 35(3), pp. 74-78.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1992,
  author = {Smith, C R},
  title = {Whale falls: Chemosynthesis on the deep seafloor},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {74--78}
}
Stewart WK (1992), "Visualization resources and strategies for remote subsea exploration", Visual Computer. Vol. 8(5-6), pp. 361-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1992,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Visualization resources and strategies for remote subsea exploration},
  journal = {Visual Computer},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5-6},
  pages = {361--379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01897122},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01897122}
}
Tivey MA and Schouten H (1992), "Micro-magnetic field measurements near the ocean floor", Oceanus. Vol. 35(4), pp. 82-88.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1992,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Schouten, H},
  title = {Micro-magnetic field measurements near the ocean floor},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {82--88}
}
Tivey MA (1992), "Leg 139 drilling tests magnetic models", JOI/USSAC Newsletter. Vol. 5(2)
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1992a,
  author = {Tivey, M A},
  title = {Leg 139 drilling tests magnetic models},
  journal = {JOI/USSAC Newsletter},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2}
}
Van Dover CL, Kaartvedt S, Bollens SM, Wiebe PH, Martin JW and France SC (1992), "Deep-sea amphipod swarms", Nature. Vol. 358(6381), pp. 25-26.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1992,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Kaartvedt, S and Bollens, S M and Wiebe, P H and Martin, J W and France, S C},
  title = {Deep-sea amphipod swarms},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {358},
  number = {6381},
  pages = {25--26},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/358025a0},
  doi = {10.1038/358025a0}
}
Von Damm KL (1992), "Short term variability, phase separation and water-rock reaction in hydrothermal fluids from 9-10N, East Pacific Rise", In Water-rock Interaction: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7, Park City, Utah, USA, 13-18 July 1992. Rotterdam; Brookfield, Vt. , pp. 1679-1680. A.A. Balkema.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm1992,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Kharaka, Y K},
  title = {Short term variability, phase separation and water-rock reaction in hydrothermal fluids from 9-10N, East Pacific Rise},
  booktitle = {Water-rock Interaction: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7, Park City, Utah, USA, 13-18 July 1992},
  publisher = {A.A. Balkema},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {1679--1680}
}
Von Damm KL, Colodner DC and Edmonds HN (1992), "Hydrothermal fluid chemistry at 9-10 degrees N EPR '92: Big changes and still changing", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 73(43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)), pp. 524.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1992a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Colodner, D C and Edmonds, H N},
  title = {Hydrothermal fluid chemistry at 9-10 degrees N EPR '92: Big changes and still changing},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {73},
  number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
  pages = {524}
}
Wheeler BK and Elder RL (1992), "Optical link to the ocean floor, fiber optic components overcome data transmission problems undersea", Lightwave. Vol. 9(1), pp. 42-43.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheeler1992,
  author = {Wheeler, B K and Elder, R L},
  title = {Optical link to the ocean floor, fiber optic components overcome data transmission problems undersea},
  journal = {Lightwave},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {42--43}
}
Wirsen CO, Hoaki T, Maruyama T and Jannasch HW (1992), "Physiological studies on a hyperthermophilic archea from a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent", In Short Communications of the 1991 International Marine Biotechnology Conference, IMBC '91. Dubuque, Iowa Vol. 1, pp. 36-38. W. C. Brown.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Wirsen1992,
  author = {Wirsen, C O and Hoaki, T and Maruyama, T and Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Nash, C C},
  title = {Physiological studies on a hyperthermophilic archea from a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent},
  booktitle = {Short Communications of the 1991 International Marine Biotechnology Conference, IMBC '91},
  publisher = {W. C. Brown},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {36--38}
}
Yoerger DR and Mindell DA (1992), "Precise navigation and control of an ROV at 2200 meters depth", In Intervention/ROV '92 conference & exposition. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 277-281. Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1992,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Mindell, D A},
  title = {Precise navigation and control of an ROV at 2200 meters depth},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '92 conference & exposition},
  publisher = {Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {277--281}
}
Yoerger DR, Bradley AM and Walden BB (1992), "Autonomous benthic explorer - deep ocean scientific AUV for seafloor exploration: untethered, on station one year without support ship", Sea Technology. Vol. 33(1), pp. 50-54.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1992a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Walden, B B},
  title = {Autonomous benthic explorer - deep ocean scientific AUV for seafloor exploration: untethered, on station one year without support ship},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--54}
}
Ballard RD, Yoerger DR, Stewart WK and Bowen A (1991), "Argo/Jason: A remotely operated survey and sampling system for full-ocean depth", In Oceans '91: Proceedings, October 1-3, 1991, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA : Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90's. New York Vol. 1, pp. 71-75. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1991,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Yoerger, D R and Stewart, W K and Bowen, A},
  title = {Argo/Jason: A remotely operated survey and sampling system for full-ocean depth},
  booktitle = {Oceans '91: Proceedings, October 1-3, 1991, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA : Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90's},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {71--75},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909}
}
Ballard RD (1991), "Exploring the Bismarck: The real-life quest to find Hitler's greatest battleship" New York Scholastic/Madison Press Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1991a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Exploring the Bismarck: The real-life quest to find Hitler's greatest battleship},
  publisher = {Scholastic/Madison Press Books},
  year = {1991}
}
Bowen MF and Somers T (1991), "A telerobotics workstation for remote control shipboard or satellite-linked operations", In Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 85-89. Marine Technology Society ROV Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen1991,
  author = {Bowen, M F and Somers, T},
  title = {A telerobotics workstation for remote control shipboard or satellite-linked operations},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {85--89}
}
Casanova JP (1991), "Chaetognaths from the Alvin dives on the Seamount Volcano 7 (east tropical Pacific)", Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 13(3), pp. 539-548.
BibTeX:
@article{Casanova1991,
  author = {Casanova, J P},
  title = {Chaetognaths from the Alvin dives on the Seamount Volcano 7 (east tropical Pacific)},
  journal = {Journal of Plankton Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {539--548},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/13.3.539},
  doi = {10.1093/plankt/13.3.539}
}
Chadwick WW, Embley RW and Fox CG (1991), "Evidence for volcanic eruption on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge between 1981 and 1987", Nature. Vol. 350(6317), pp. 416-418.
BibTeX:
@article{Chadwick1991,
  author = {Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W and Fox, C G},
  title = {Evidence for volcanic eruption on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge between 1981 and 1987},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {350},
  number = {6317},
  pages = {416--418},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350416a0},
  doi = {10.1038/350416a0}
}
Childress JJ, Fisher CR, Favuzzi JA, Kochevar R, Sanders NK and Alayse AM (1991), "Sulfide-driven autotrophic balance in the bacterial symbiont-containing hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila Jones", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 180(1), pp. 135-153.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1991,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Favuzzi, J A and Kochevar, R and Sanders, N K and Alayse, A M},
  title = {Sulfide-driven autotrophic balance in the bacterial symbiont-containing hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila Jones},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {180},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--153},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/180/1/135}
}
Childress JJ, Fisher CR, Favuzzi JA and Sanders NK (1991), "Sulfide and carbon dioxide uptake by the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogena magnifica and its chemoautotrophic symbionts", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 64(6), pp. 1444-1470.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1991a,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Favuzzi, J A and Sanders, N K},
  title = {Sulfide and carbon dioxide uptake by the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogena magnifica and its chemoautotrophic symbionts},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {64},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1444--1470}
}
Edwards DB and Nelson DC (1991), "DNA-DNA solution hybridization studies of the bacterial symbionts of hydrothermal vent tube worms (Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana)", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 57(4), pp. 1082-1088.
BibTeX:
@article{Edwards1991,
  author = {Edwards, D B and Nelson, D C},
  title = {DNA-DNA solution hybridization studies of the bacterial symbionts of hydrothermal vent tube worms (Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana)},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {57},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1082--1088},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/4/1082}
}
Elder RL (1991), "Fiber optic telemetry in Jason, the ROV", In Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 78-84. Marine Technology Society ROV Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Elder1991,
  author = {Elder, R L},
  title = {Fiber optic telemetry in Jason, the ROV},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {78--84}
}
Embley RW, Chadwick WW, Perfit MR and Baker ET (1991), "Geology of the northern Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: recent eruptions, seafloor spreading, and the formation of megaplumes", Geology. Vol. 19(8), pp. 771-775.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1991,
  author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W and Perfit, M R and Baker, E T},
  title = {Geology of the northern Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: recent eruptions, seafloor spreading, and the formation of megaplumes},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {19},
  number = {8},
  pages = {771--775},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019%3C0771:GOTNCS%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0771:GOTNCS>2.3.CO;2}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Casey J, Kastens K and Edwards M (1991), "Siqueiros - Alvin Diving Cruise, Atlantis-II 125-25 : May 2 to June 2, 1991, Acapulco, Mexico to San Diego" s.l. , pp. var.. s.n..
BibTeX:
@book{Fornari1991,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Casey, J and Kastens, K and Edwards, M},
  title = {Siqueiros - Alvin Diving Cruise, Atlantis-II 125-25 : May 2 to June 2, 1991, Acapulco, Mexico to San Diego},
  publisher = {s.n.},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {var.}
}
Gente P, Mével C, Auzende JM, Karson JA and Fouquet Y (1991), "An example of a recent accretion on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Snake Pit neovolcanic ridge (MARK Area, 23 degrees 22'N)", Tectonophysics. Vol. 190(1), pp. 1-29.
BibTeX:
@article{Gente1991,
  author = {Gente, P and Mével, C and Auzende, J M and Karson, J A and Fouquet, Y},
  title = {An example of a recent accretion on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Snake Pit neovolcanic ridge (MARK Area, 23 degrees 22'N)},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {190},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--29},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90352-S},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(91)90352-S}
}
Goff JA and Kleinrock MC (1991), "Quantitative comparisons of bathymetric survey systems", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 18(7), pp. 1243-1256.
BibTeX:
@article{Goff1991,
  author = {Goff, J A and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {Quantitative comparisons of bathymetric survey systems},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {18},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1243--1256},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91GL01558},
  doi = {10.1029/91GL01558}
}
Gortan C (1991), "Exploration sousmarine: Engins d'hier d'aujourd'hui et de demain", In La Vie des Oceans. Paris (176), pp. 4-12. Excelsior.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Gortan1991,
  author = {Gortan, C},
  title = {Exploration sousmarine: Engins d'hier d'aujourd'hui et de demain},
  booktitle = {La Vie des Oceans},
  publisher = {Excelsior},
  year = {1991},
  number = {176},
  pages = {4--12}
}
Grimaud D, Ishibashi JI, Lagabrielle Y, Auzende JM and Urabe T (1991), "Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the 17 degrees S active site on the North Fiji Basin Ridge (SW Pacific)", Chemical Geology. Vol. 93(3-4), pp. 209-218.
BibTeX:
@article{Grimaud1991,
  author = {Grimaud, D and Ishibashi, J I and Lagabrielle, Y and Auzende, J M and Urabe, T},
  title = {Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the 17 degrees S active site on the North Fiji Basin Ridge (SW Pacific)},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {93},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {209--218},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90114-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0009-2541(91)90114-7}
}
Grosenbaugh MA, Yoerger DR, Hover FS and Triantafyllou MS (1991), "Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part II: Unsteady towing conditions", Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vol. 113(3), pp. 199-204.
BibTeX:
@article{Grosenbaugh1991,
  author = {Grosenbaugh, M A and Yoerger, D R and Hover, F S and Triantafyllou, M S},
  title = {Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part II: Unsteady towing conditions},
  journal = {Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {113},
  number = {3},
  pages = {199--204},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919920},
  doi = {10.1115/1.2919920}
}
Haymon RM, Carbotte S, Wright D, Beedle N, Johnson F, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Grebmeier J, Lilley M, McLaughlin E, Olson E, Edmond J, Perfit MR, Smith M, Shanks WC, Lutz R, Seewald JS and Reudelhuber D (1991), "Active eruption seen on East Pacific Rise", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 72(46), pp. 505,507.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1991,
  author = {Haymon, R M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Beedle, N and Johnson, F and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Grebmeier, J and Lilley, M and McLaughlin, E and Olson, E and Edmond, J and Perfit, M R and Smith, M and Shanks, W C and Lutz, R and Seewald, J S and Reudelhuber, D},
  title = {Active eruption seen on East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {72},
  number = {46},
  pages = {505,507},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90EO00362},
  doi = {10.1029/90EO00362}
}
Haymon RM, Fornari DJ, Edwards MH, Carbotte S, Wright D and Macdonald KC (1991), "Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise Crest (9 degrees 09'-54'N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 104(2-4), pp. 513-534.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1991a,
  author = {Haymon, R M and Fornari, D J and Edwards, M H and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise Crest (9 degrees 09'-54'N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {104},
  number = {2-4},
  pages = {513--534},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90226-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(91)90226-8}
}
Haymon R, Fornari DJ, Von Damm KL, Edmond J, Lilley M, Perfit M, Shanks WC, Grebmeier J, Lutz R, Carbotte S, Wright D, Smith M, Laughlin E, Beedle N, Seewald JS, Reudelhuber D, Olson E and Johnson F (1991), "EPR crest erupts north of Leg 142 drillsite", JOI/USSAC Newsletter. Vol. 4(3), pp. 4-5.
BibTeX:
@article{Haymon1991b,
  author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J and Lilley, M and Perfit, M and Shanks, W C and Grebmeier, J and Lutz, R and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Smith, M and Laughlin, E and Beedle, N and Seewald, J S and Reudelhuber, D and Olson, E and Johnson, F},
  title = {EPR crest erupts north of Leg 142 drillsite},
  journal = {JOI/USSAC Newsletter},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {4--5}
}
Hover F, Yoerger DR and Triantafyllou M (1991), "Identification of parametric dynamic models for deeply-towed underwater vehicle systems", In Proceedings of the First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Golden, Colo. Vol. 2, pp. 97-105. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hover1991,
  author = {Hover, F and Yoerger, D R and Triantafyllou, M},
  title = {Identification of parametric dynamic models for deeply-towed underwater vehicle systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference},
  publisher = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {97--105}
}
Karson JA (1991), "Accommodation zones and transfer faults: Integral components of Mid-Atlantic Ridge extensional systems", In Ophiolite genesis and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: Proceedings of the Ophiolite Conference: held in Muscat, 7-18 January 1990. Boston (5), pp. 21-37. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1991,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Peters, Tj},
  title = {Accommodation zones and transfer faults: Integral components of Mid-Atlantic Ridge extensional systems},
  booktitle = {Ophiolite genesis and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: Proceedings of the Ophiolite Conference: held in Muscat, 7-18 January 1990},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  number = {5},
  pages = {21--37}
}
Karson JA (1991), "Tectonics of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges", Oceanus. Vol. 34(4), pp. 51-59.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1991a,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  title = {Tectonics of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {51--59}
}
Kim HK and McMurty GM (1991), "Radial growth rates and 210-Pb ages of hydrothermal massive sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 104(2-4), pp. 299-314.
BibTeX:
@article{Kim1991,
  author = {Kim, H K and McMurty, G M},
  title = {Radial growth rates and 210-Pb ages of hydrothermal massive sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {104},
  number = {2-4},
  pages = {299--314},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90211-Y},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(91)90211-Y}
}
Kinzler RJ (1991), "Experimental constraints on the generation and evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalts" Cambridge, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 258. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Kinzler1991,
  author = {Kinzler, R J},
  title = {Experimental constraints on the generation and evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalts},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {258}
}
Kornicker LS (1991), "Myodocopid Ostracoda of hydrothermal vents in the Eastern Pacific Ocean", In Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. Washington, D.C. Vol. 516, pp. 48 p.. Smithsonian Institution Press.
BibTeX:
@book{Kornicker1991,
  author = {Kornicker, L S},
  title = {Myodocopid Ostracoda of hydrothermal vents in the Eastern Pacific Ocean},
  booktitle = {Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology},
  publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {516},
  pages = {48 p.}
}
Kurr M, Huber R, Konig H, Jannasch HW, Fricke H, Trincone A, Kristiansson JK and Stetter KO (1991), "Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens growing at 110C", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 156(4), pp. 239-247.
BibTeX:
@article{Kurr1991,
  author = {Kurr, M and Huber, R and Konig, H and Jannasch, H W and Fricke, H and Trincone, A and Kristiansson, J K and Stetter, K O},
  title = {Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens growing at 110C},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {156},
  number = {4},
  pages = {239--247},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262992},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00262992}
}
Levin LA, Huggett CL and Wishner KF (1991), "Control of deep-sea benthic community structure by oxygen and organic-matter gradients in the easter Pacific Ocean", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 49(4), pp. 763-800.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin1991,
  author = {Levin, L A and Huggett, C L and Wishner, K F},
  title = {Control of deep-sea benthic community structure by oxygen and organic-matter gradients in the easter Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {4},
  pages = {763--800},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224091784995756},
  doi = {10.1357/002224091784995756}
}
Lutz RA (1991), "The biology of deep-sea vents and seeps: Alvin's magical mystery tour", Oceanus. Vol. 34(4), pp. 75-83.
BibTeX:
@article{Lutz1991,
  author = {Lutz, R A},
  title = {The biology of deep-sea vents and seeps: Alvin's magical mystery tour},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75--83}
}
Mamaloukas-Frangoulis V, Auzende JM, Bideau D, Bonatti E, Cannat M, Honnorez J, Lagabrielle Y, Malavielle J, Mevel C and Needham HD (1991), "In-situ study of eastern ridge-transform intersection of the Vema Fracture Zone", Tectonophysics. Vol. 190(1), pp. 55-71.
BibTeX:
@article{Mamaloukas-Frangoulis1991,
  author = {Mamaloukas-Frangoulis, V and Auzende, J M and Bideau, D and Bonatti, E and Cannat, M and Honnorez, J and Lagabrielle, Y and Malavielle, J and Mevel, C and Needham, H D},
  title = {In-situ study of eastern ridge-transform intersection of the Vema Fracture Zone},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {190},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55--71},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90354-U},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(91)90354-U}
}
McCann AM (1991), "ROVs for archaeology: The Jason Project 1989", In Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 13. Marine Technology Society ROV Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{McCann1991,
  author = {McCann, A M},
  title = {ROVs for archaeology: The Jason Project 1989},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {13}
}
McLean JH (1991), "Four new pseudococculinid limpets collected by the deep-submersible Alvin in the eastern Pacific", Veliger. Vol. 34(1), pp. 38-47.
BibTeX:
@article{McLean1991,
  author = {McLean, J H},
  title = {Four new pseudococculinid limpets collected by the deep-submersible Alvin in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Veliger},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38--47}
}
Mevel C, Cannat M, Gente P, Marion E, Auzende JM and Karson JA (1991), "Emplacement of deep crustal and mantle rocks on the west median valley wall of the MARK area (MAR, 23 degrees N)", Tectonophysics. Vol. 190(1), pp. 31-53.
BibTeX:
@article{Mevel1991,
  author = {Mevel, C and Cannat, M and Gente, P and Marion, E and Auzende, J M and Karson, J A},
  title = {Emplacement of deep crustal and mantle rocks on the west median valley wall of the MARK area (MAR, 23 degrees N)},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {190},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--53},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90353-T},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(91)90353-T}
}
Mindell DA and Yoerger DR (1991), "Transputer-based distributed processing for underwater robotic vehicle control", In 1991 American Control Conference Proceedings. Boston, June 26-28, 1991. New York Vol. 1, pp. 389-397. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mindell1991,
  author = {Mindell, D A and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Transputer-based distributed processing for underwater robotic vehicle control},
  booktitle = {1991 American Control Conference Proceedings. Boston, June 26-28, 1991},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {389--397}
}
Mottl MJ (1991), "Sampling and analysis of particles from buoyant hydrothermal plumes", In Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization. Washington, D.C. (63), pp. 281-283. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mottl1991,
  author = {Mottl, M J},
  editor = {Hurd, D C},
  title = {Sampling and analysis of particles from buoyant hydrothermal plumes},
  booktitle = {Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1991},
  number = {63},
  pages = {281--283}
}
Page HM, Fisher CR, Fiala-Medioni A and Childress JJ (1991), "Experimental evidence for filter-feeding by the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 38(12), pp. 1455-1461.
BibTeX:
@article{Page1991,
  author = {Page, H M and Fisher, C R and Fiala-Medioni, A and Childress, J J},
  title = {Experimental evidence for filter-feeding by the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {38},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1455--1461},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90084-S},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(91)90084-S}
}
Phipps MJ and Kleinrock MC (1991), "Transform zone migration: implications of bookshelf faulting for oceanic and Icelandic propagating rifts", Tectonics. Vol. 10(5), pp. 920-935.
BibTeX:
@article{Phipps1991,
  author = {Phipps, M J and Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {Transform zone migration: implications of bookshelf faulting for oceanic and Icelandic propagating rifts},
  journal = {Tectonics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {920--935}
}
Pley Y, Schipka J, Gambacorta A, Jannasch HW, Fricke HR and Stetter KO (1991), "Pyrodictium abyssi sp. nov. represents a novel heterotrophic marine archaeal hyperthermophile growing at 110 degrees C.", Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Vol. 14(3), pp. 245-253.
BibTeX:
@article{Pley1991,
  author = {Pley, Y and Schipka, J and Gambacorta, A and Jannasch, H W and Fricke, H R and Stetter, K O},
  title = {Pyrodictium abyssi sp. nov. represents a novel heterotrophic marine archaeal hyperthermophile growing at 110 degrees C.},
  journal = {Systematic and Applied Microbiology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {245--253}
}
Renosto F, Martin RL, Borrell JL, Nelson DC and Segel IH (1991), "ATP sulfurylase from trophosome tissue of Riftia pachyptila (hydrothermal vent tube worm)", Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Vol. 290(1), pp. 66-78.
BibTeX:
@article{Renosto1991,
  author = {Renosto, F and Martin, R L and Borrell, J L and Nelson, D C and Segel, I H},
  title = {ATP sulfurylase from trophosome tissue of Riftia pachyptila (hydrothermal vent tube worm)},
  journal = {Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {290},
  number = {1},
  pages = {66--78},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90592-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0003-9861(91)90592-7}
}
Sanders NK and Childress JJ (1991), "The use of single column iron chromatography to measure the concentratrions of the major ions in invertebrate body fluids", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology. Vol. 98(1), pp. 97-100.
BibTeX:
@article{Sanders1991,
  author = {Sanders, N K and Childress, J J},
  title = {The use of single column iron chromatography to measure the concentratrions of the major ions in invertebrate body fluids},
  journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--100},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(91)90583-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0300-9629(91)90583-X}
}
Stachiw JD (1991), "Acrylic Windows - Typical Applications in Pressure Housings", In Ocean Engineering Studies. San Diego, Calif. Vol. 6, pp. 270. Naval Ocean Systems Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Stachiw1991,
  author = {Stachiw, J D},
  title = {Acrylic Windows - Typical Applications in Pressure Housings},
  booktitle = {Ocean Engineering Studies},
  publisher = {Naval Ocean Systems Center},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {270},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246303}
}
Stakes D and Moore WS (1991), "Evolution of hydrothermal activity on the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Observations, mineral ages and Ra isotope ratios", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 96(B13), pp. 21,721-739,752.
BibTeX:
@article{Stakes1991,
  author = {Stakes, D and Moore, W S},
  title = {Evolution of hydrothermal activity on the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Observations, mineral ages and Ra isotope ratios},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {96},
  number = {B13},
  pages = {21,721--739,752},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91JB02038},
  doi = {10.1029/91JB02038}
}
Stewart WK (1991), "High-resolution optical and acoustic remote sensing for underwater exploration", Oceanus. Vol. 34(1), pp. 10-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1991,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {High-resolution optical and acoustic remote sensing for underwater exploration},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10--22}
}
Stewart WK (1991), "Multisensor visualization for underwater archaeology", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. Vol. 11(2), pp. 13-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1991a,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Multisensor visualization for underwater archaeology},
  journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13--18},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.75586},
  doi = {10.1109/38.75586}
}
Stewart WK (1991), "Remote-sensing issues for intelligent underwater systems", In IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1991: Proceedings CVPR '91. New York, NY , pp. 230-235. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stewart1991b,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Remote-sensing issues for intelligent underwater systems},
  booktitle = {IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1991: Proceedings CVPR '91},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {230--235},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1991.139693},
  doi = {10.1109/CVPR.1991.139693}
}
Stone GS and Busch WS (1991), "Deep ocean science and facility needs", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 25(2), pp. 14-21.
BibTeX:
@article{Stone1991,
  author = {Stone, G S and Busch, W S},
  title = {Deep ocean science and facility needs},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14--21}
}
Sullivan W (1991), "Continents in motion: The new earth debate" New York, N.Y. Vol. 2nd, pp. 441. American Institute of Physics.
BibTeX:
@book{Sullivan1991,
  author = {Sullivan, W},
  title = {Continents in motion: The new earth debate},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2nd},
  pages = {441}
}
Taylor B, Klaus A, Brown GR, Moore GF, Okamura Y and Murakami F (1991), "Structural development of Sumisu Rift, Izu Bonin Arc", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 96(B10), pp. 16,113-116,129.
BibTeX:
@article{Taylor1991,
  author = {Taylor, B and Klaus, A and Brown, G R and Moore, G F and Okamura, Y and Murakami, F},
  title = {Structural development of Sumisu Rift, Izu Bonin Arc},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {96},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {16,113--116,129},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91JB01900},
  doi = {10.1029/91JB01900}
}
Tivey MK (1991), "Hydrothermal vent systems", Oceanus. Vol. 34(4), pp. 68-74.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1991,
  author = {Tivey, M K},
  title = {Hydrothermal vent systems},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68--74}
}
Triantafyllou MS and Grosenbaugh MA (1991), "Robust control for underwater vehicle systems with time delays", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 16(1), pp. 146-151.
BibTeX:
@article{Triantafyllou1991,
  author = {Triantafyllou, M S and Grosenbaugh, M A},
  title = {Robust control for underwater vehicle systems with time delays},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {146--151},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.64894},
  doi = {10.1109/48.64894}
}
Trivett DA (1991), "Diffuse flow from hydrothermal vents" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 216. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Trivett1991,
  author = {Trivett, D A},
  title = {Diffuse flow from hydrothermal vents},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {216},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3236},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3236}
}
Ulrich N and Kumar V (1991), "Passive mechanical gravity compensation for robot manipulators", In Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.. Los Alamitos, Calif. Vol. 2, pp. 1536-1541. IEEE Computer Society Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ulrich1991,
  author = {Ulrich, N and Kumar, V},
  title = {Passive mechanical gravity compensation for robot manipulators},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1536--1541},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1991.131834},
  doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1991.131834}
}
Ulrich N and Yoerger DR (1991), "Design optimization of an electric underwater manipulator", In Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 219-228. Marine Technology Society ROV Committee.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ulrich1991a,
  author = {Ulrich, N and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Design optimization of an electric underwater manipulator},
  booktitle = {Intervention/ROV '91 Conference & Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {219--228}
}
Ulrich NT and Kumar V (1991), "Design methods of improving robot manipulator performance", In Advances in Design Automation, 1991. New York Vol. 2(32), pp. 545-550. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ulrich1991b,
  author = {Ulrich, N T and Kumar, V},
  editor = {Gabriele, G A},
  title = {Design methods of improving robot manipulator performance},
  booktitle = {Advances in Design Automation, 1991},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {2},
  number = {32},
  pages = {545--550}
}
Ulrich NT and Kumar V (1991), "Mechanical design methods of improving manipulator performance", In Robots in Unstructured Environments: Fith International Conference on Advanced Robotics: '91 ICAR, June 19-22, 1991, Pisa, Italy. New York , pp. 515-520. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ulrich1991c,
  author = {Ulrich, N T and Kumar, V},
  title = {Mechanical design methods of improving manipulator performance},
  booktitle = {Robots in Unstructured Environments: Fith International Conference on Advanced Robotics: '91 ICAR, June 19-22, 1991, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {515--520},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.1991.240601},
  doi = {10.1109/ICAR.1991.240601}
}
Van Dover CL (1991), "Phenomena, comment and note", Smithsonian. Vol. 22(9), pp. 22-23.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1991,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Phenomena, comment and note},
  journal = {Smithsonian},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {22},
  number = {9},
  pages = {22--23}
}
Von Damm KL (1991), "A comparison of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal solutions to other sedimented systems and experimental results", In Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias. Tulsa, Okla. (47), pp. 743-751. American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm1991,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Dauphin, J P},
  title = {A comparison of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal solutions to other sedimented systems and experimental results},
  booktitle = {Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias},
  publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
  year = {1991},
  number = {47},
  pages = {743--751}
}
Wheatcroft RA (1991), "Conservative tracer study of horizontal sediment mixing rates in a bathyal basin, California borderland", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 49(3), pp. 565-588.
BibTeX:
@article{Wheatcroft1991,
  author = {Wheatcroft, R A},
  title = {Conservative tracer study of horizontal sediment mixing rates in a bathyal basin, California borderland},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {49},
  number = {3},
  pages = {565--588},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224091784995792},
  doi = {10.1357/002224091784995792}
}
Woodford TJ (1991), "Propulsion optimization for ABE, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 103. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Woodford1991,
  author = {Woodford, T J},
  title = {Propulsion optimization for ABE, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {103}
}
Yoerger DR (1991), "Robotic undersea technology", Oceanus. Vol. 34(1), pp. 32-37.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1991,
  author = {Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Robotic undersea technology},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {32--37}
}
Yoerger DR, Schempf H and DiPietro DM (1991), "Design and performance evaluation of an actively compliant underwater manipulator for full-ocean depth", Journal of Robotic Systems. Vol. 8(3), pp. 371-392.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1991a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Schempf, H and DiPietro, D M},
  title = {Design and performance evaluation of an actively compliant underwater manipulator for full-ocean depth},
  journal = {Journal of Robotic Systems},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {371--392},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.4620080306},
  doi = {10.1002/rob.4620080306}
}
Yoerger DR and Slotine JE (1991), "Adaptive sliding control of an experimental underwater vehicle", In Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.. Los Alamitos, Calif. Vol. 3, pp. 2746-2751. IEEE Computer Society Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1991b,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Slotine, J E},
  title = {Adaptive sliding control of an experimental underwater vehicle},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {2746--2751},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047},
  doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047}
}
Yoerger DR, Grosenbaugh MA, Triantafyllou MS and Burgess JJ (1991), "Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part I: Steady-state towing conditions", Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vol. 113(3), pp. 117-127.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1991c,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A and Triantafyllou, M S and Burgess, J J},
  title = {Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part I: Steady-state towing conditions},
  journal = {Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {113},
  number = {3},
  pages = {117--127},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919907},
  doi = {10.1115/1.2919907}
}
Zumberge MA, Hildebrand JA, Stevenson JM, Parker RL, Chave AD, Ander ME and Spiess FN (1991), "A submarine measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant", Physical Review Letters. Vol. 67(22), pp. 3051-3054.
BibTeX:
@article{Zumberge1991,
  author = {Zumberge, M A and Hildebrand, J A and Stevenson, J M and Parker, R L and Chave, A D and Ander, M E and Spiess, F N},
  title = {A submarine measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant},
  journal = {Physical Review Letters},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {67},
  number = {22},
  pages = {3051--3054},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3051},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3051}
}
Anderson AE, Felbeck H and Childress JJ (1990), "Aerobic metabolism is maintained in animal tissues during rapid sulphide oxidation activity in the symbiont-containing clam Solemya reidi", Journal of Experimental Zoology. Vol. 256(2), pp. 130-134.
Abstract: Solemya reidi is a gutless clam that contains intracellular, symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria in its gills. It lives in burrows in highly reducing muds rich in sulfide, a compound toxic at low levels to aerobic respiration. In these habitats there is wide variation in levels of O2 and sulfide, both of which are metabolic requirements for this symbiosis. In order to assess whether the animal tissues utilize aerobic or anaerobic ATP-generating pathways in the presence of sulfide, and to determine the sulfide concentrations that might induce a shift to anaerobiosis, clams were incubated in varying levels of sulfide and oxygen. Symbiont-free foot tissues from clams incubated in various levels of sulfide (50–500 μM) were analyzed for a common substrate (aspartate) and product (succinate) of invertebrate anaerobic metabolism. The concentrations of these metabolites were compared with those found in tissues of aerobic and anaerobic controls. Aerobic metabolism was maintained in animal tissues in the presence of up to 100 μM sulfide, levels at which maximum autotrophy has been previously reported; however, at higher concentrations, where inhibition of autotrophy has been reported, the onset of anaerobic pathways was evident. This use of anaerobic pathways was not due to the absence of O2, the classical definition of anaerobiosis, but rather to the inhibitory effect of sulfide on aerobic metabolism. The metabolic flexibility of this species in regard to energy metabolism is clearly advantageous living as it does at the interface between a highly oxic environment and an anoxic, highly reducing one.
BibTeX:
@article{Anderson1990,
  author = {Anderson, A E and Felbeck, H and Childress, J J},
  title = {Aerobic metabolism is maintained in animal tissues during rapid sulphide oxidation activity in the symbiont-containing clam Solemya reidi},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Zoology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {256},
  number = {2},
  pages = {130--134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402560203},
  doi = {10.1002/jez.1402560203}
}
Auzende JM and Urabe T (1990), "Submersible exploration of an active hydrothermal site on North Fiji Basin Ridge", In Pacific Rim Congress 90 : An International Congress on the Geology, Structure, Mineralisation, Economics and Feasibility of Mining Development in the Pacific Rim. Parkville, Vic., Australia Vol. 3, pp. 313-316. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Auzende1990,
  author = {Auzende, J M and Urabe, T},
  title = {Submersible exploration of an active hydrothermal site on North Fiji Basin Ridge},
  booktitle = {Pacific Rim Congress 90 : An International Congress on the Geology, Structure, Mineralisation, Economics and Feasibility of Mining Development in the Pacific Rim},
  publisher = {Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {313--316}
}
Ballard RD and Archbold R (1990), "The Lost Wreck of the Isis" New York , pp. 63. Scholastic.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1990,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Archbold, R},
  title = {The Lost Wreck of the Isis},
  publisher = {Scholastic},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {63}
}
Ballard RD and Archbold R (1990), "The Discovery of the Bismarck" New York , pp. 231. Warner Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1990a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Archbold, R},
  title = {The Discovery of the Bismarck},
  publisher = {Warner Books},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {231}
}
Bowen MF (1990), "Jason Med adventure", Oceanus. Vol. 33(1), pp. 61-69.
BibTeX:
@article{Bowen1990,
  author = {Bowen, M F},
  title = {Jason Med adventure},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--69}
}
Brooks JM, Wiesenburg DA, Roberts H, Carney RS, MacDonald IR, Fisher CR, Guinasso NL, Sager WW, McDonald SJ, Burke RA, Aharon P and Bright TJ (1990), "Salt, seeps and symbiosis in the Gulf of Mexico", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 71(45), pp. 1772-1773.
BibTeX:
@article{Brooks1990,
  author = {Brooks, J M and Wiesenburg, D A and Roberts, H and Carney, R S and MacDonald, I R and Fisher, C R and Guinasso, N L and Sager, W W and McDonald, S J and Burke, R A and Aharon, P and Bright, T J},
  title = {Salt, seeps and symbiosis in the Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {71},
  number = {45},
  pages = {1772--1773}
}
Carranza-Edwards A, Rosales-Hoz L, Aguayo-Camargo JE, Cruz RLS and Hornelas-Orozco Y (1990), "Geochemical study of hydrothermal core sediments and rocks from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 77-82.
BibTeX:
@article{Carranza-Edwards1990,
  author = {Carranza-Edwards, A and Rosales-Hoz, L and Aguayo-Camargo, J E and Cruz, R L -S and Hornelas-Orozco, Y},
  title = {Geochemical study of hydrothermal core sediments and rocks from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {77--82},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90038-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90038-7}
}
Carson B, Suess E and Strasser JC (1990), "Fluid flow and mass flux determinations at vent sites on the Cascadia margin accretionary prism", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B6), pp. 8891-8897.
BibTeX:
@article{Carson1990,
  author = {Carson, B and Suess, E and Strasser, J C},
  title = {Fluid flow and mass flux determinations at vent sites on the Cascadia margin accretionary prism},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {8891--8897},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08891},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB06p08891}
}
Chandler RS (1990), "DSV Alvin dive log 1964-90", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Chandler1990,
  author = {Chandler, R S},
  title = {DSV Alvin dive log 1964-90},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {var.}
}
Childress JJ, Cowles DL, Favuzzi JA and Mickel TJ (1990), "The metabolic rates of deep-sea benthic decapod crustaceans decline with increasing depth primarily due to the decline in temperature", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 37(6), pp. 929-949.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1990,
  author = {Childress, J J and Cowles, D L and Favuzzi, J A and Mickel, T J},
  title = {The metabolic rates of deep-sea benthic decapod crustaceans decline with increasing depth primarily due to the decline in temperature},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  number = {6},
  pages = {929--949},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90104-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(90)90104-4}
}
Copley NJ and Wiebe PH (1990), "Drawings and Descriptions of Some Deep-Sea Copepods Living Above the Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 90-15, pp. 63. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Copley1990,
  author = {Copley, N J and Wiebe, P H},
  title = {Drawings and Descriptions of Some Deep-Sea Copepods Living Above the Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {90-15},
  pages = {63},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1007},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1007}
}
Corell RW (1990), "Commentary -- A critical need", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 42.
BibTeX:
@article{Corell1990,
  author = {Corell, R W},
  title = {Commentary -- A critical need},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42}
}
DeBevoise A, Childress JJ and Withers N (1990), "Carotenoids indicate differences in diet of hydrothermal vent crab, Bythograea Thermydron", Marine Biology. Vol. 105(1), pp. 109-115.
BibTeX:
@article{DeBevoise1990,
  author = {DeBevoise, A and Childress, J J and Withers, N},
  title = {Carotenoids indicate differences in diet of hydrothermal vent crab, Bythograea Thermydron},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {105},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--115},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344276},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01344276}
}
Didyk BM and Simoneit BRT (1990), "Petroleum characteristics of the oil in a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal chimney", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 29-40.
BibTeX:
@article{Didyk1990,
  author = {Didyk, B M and Simoneit, B R T},
  title = {Petroleum characteristics of the oil in a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal chimney},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {29--40},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90033-2},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90033-2}
}
Edmond JM (1990), "Deep-sea science needs in marine geochemistry", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 32-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1990,
  author = {Edmond, J M},
  title = {Deep-sea science needs in marine geochemistry},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32--33}
}
Embley RW, Eittreim SL, McHugh CH, Normark WR, Rau GH, Hecker B, DeBevoise AE, Greene HG, Ryan WBF, Harrold C and Baxter C (1990), "Geological setting of chemosynthetic communities in the Monterey Fan Valley system", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 37(11), pp. 1651-1667.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1990,
  author = {Embley, R W and Eittreim, S L and McHugh, C H and Normark, W R and Rau, G H and Hecker, B and DeBevoise, A E and Greene, H G and Ryan, W B F and Harrold, C and Baxter, C},
  title = {Geological setting of chemosynthetic communities in the Monterey Fan Valley system},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1651--1667},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90069-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(90)90069-8}
}
Embley RW, Murphy KM and Fox CG (1990), "High resolution studies of the summit of Axial Volcano", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B8), pp. 12,712-785,812.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1990a,
  author = {Embley, R W and Murphy, K M and Fox, C G},
  title = {High resolution studies of the summit of Axial Volcano},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {12,712--785,812},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12785},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB08p12785}
}
Felbeck H (1990), "Symbiosis of bacteria with invertebrates in the deep sea", In Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis. Paris , pp. 327-334. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Felbeck1990,
  author = {Felbeck, H},
  editor = {Nardon, P},
  title = {Symbiosis of bacteria with invertebrates in the deep sea},
  booktitle = {Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis},
  publisher = {Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {327--334}
}
Fiala-Medioni A and Felbeck H (1990), "Autotrophic processes in invertebrate nutrition: Bacterial symbiosis in bivalve molluscs", In Animal Nutrition and Transport Processes: V.1, Nutrition in Wild and Domestic Animals. New York (5), pp. 49-69. Karger.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fiala-Medioni1990,
  author = {Fiala-Medioni, A and Felbeck, H},
  editor = {Mellinger, J},
  title = {Autotrophic processes in invertebrate nutrition: Bacterial symbiosis in bivalve molluscs},
  booktitle = {Animal Nutrition and Transport Processes: V.1, Nutrition in Wild and Domestic Animals},
  publisher = {Karger},
  year = {1990},
  number = {5},
  pages = {49--69}
}
Fiala-Medioni A, Felbeck H, Childress JJ, Fisher CR and Vetter RD (1990), "Lysosomic resorption of bacterial symbionts in deep-sea bivalves", In Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis. Paris , pp. 3335-3338. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fiala-Medioni1990a,
  author = {Fiala-Medioni, A and Felbeck, H and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Vetter, R D},
  editor = {Nardon, P},
  title = {Lysosomic resorption of bacterial symbionts in deep-sea bivalves},
  booktitle = {Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis},
  publisher = {Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {3335--3338}
}
Fisher CR, Kennicutt M C II and Brooks JM (1990), "Stable carbon isotopic evidence for carbon limitation in hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans", Science. Vol. 247(4946), pp. 1094-1096.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1990,
  author = {Fisher, C R and II, Kennicutt M C and Brooks, J M},
  title = {Stable carbon isotopic evidence for carbon limitation in hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {247},
  number = {4946},
  pages = {1094--1096},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4946.1094},
  doi = {10.1126/science.247.4946.1094}
}
Fisher DE and Perfit MR (1990), "Evidence from rare gases for magma-chamber degassing of highly evolved mid-ocean-ridge basalt", Nature. Vol. 343(6257), pp. 450-452.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1990a,
  author = {Fisher, D E and Perfit, M R},
  title = {Evidence from rare gases for magma-chamber degassing of highly evolved mid-ocean-ridge basalt},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {343},
  number = {6257},
  pages = {450--452},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343450a0},
  doi = {10.1038/343450a0}
}
Fisher CR (1990), "Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbioses in marine invertebrates", Reviews in Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 2(3-4), pp. 399-436.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1990b,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  title = {Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbioses in marine invertebrates},
  journal = {Reviews in Aquatic Sciences},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {399--436}
}
Fryer P (1990), "Deep submersibles and potential marine geological research", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 22-31.
BibTeX:
@article{Fryer1990,
  author = {Fryer, P},
  title = {Deep submersibles and potential marine geological research},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22--31}
}
Fryer P, Saboda KL, Johnson LE, Mackay ME, Moore GF and Stoffers P (1990), "Conical seamount: SeaMARC II, Alvin submersible, and seismic-reflection studies", In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Part A. Initial Report. College Station, Tex. Vol. 125, pp. 69-80. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Fryer1990a,
  author = {Fryer, P and Saboda, K L and Johnson, L E and Mackay, M E and Moore, G F and Stoffers, P},
  editor = {Stewart, S K},
  title = {Conical seamount: SeaMARC II, Alvin submersible, and seismic-reflection studies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Part A. Initial Report},
  publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {125},
  pages = {69--80},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.125.104.1990},
  doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.125.104.1990}
}
Gieskes JM, Simoneit BRT, Magenheim AJ and Leif RN (1990), "Retrograde oxidation of hydrothermal precipitates and petroleum in Escanaba Trough sediments", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 93-101.
BibTeX:
@article{Gieskes1990,
  author = {Gieskes, J M and Simoneit, B R T and Magenheim, A J and Leif, R N},
  title = {Retrograde oxidation of hydrothermal precipitates and petroleum in Escanaba Trough sediments},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {93--101},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90040-C},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90040-C}
}
Grosenbaugh MA (1990), "The effect of unsteady motion on the drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable", In Proceedings of the First (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium: Hydrodynamics and Structural Mechanics, Tubular Joints and Fatigue, TLP, Offshore Systems, Pipelines and Risers, Cables and Mooring, Ice-Structure Interactions. Golden, Colo. , pp. 464-473. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grosenbaugh1990,
  author = {Grosenbaugh, M A},
  editor = {Chung, J S},
  title = {The effect of unsteady motion on the drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium: Hydrodynamics and Structural Mechanics, Tubular Joints and Fatigue, TLP, Offshore Systems, Pipelines and Risers, Cables and Mooring, Ice-Structure Interactions},
  publisher = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {464--473}
}
Hochstaedter AG, Gill JB and Morris JD (1990), "Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift II: Subduction and non-subduction related components", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 100(1-3), pp. 195-209.
BibTeX:
@article{Hochstaedter1990,
  author = {Hochstaedter, A G and Gill, J B and Morris, J D},
  title = {Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift II: Subduction and non-subduction related components},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {195--209},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90185-Z},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90185-Z}
}
Hochstaedter AG, Gill JB, Kusakabe M, Newman S, Pringle M, Taylor B and Fryer P (1990), "Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift I: Major element, volatile and stable isotope geochemistry", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 100(1-3), pp. 179-194.
BibTeX:
@article{Hochstaedter1990a,
  author = {Hochstaedter, A G and Gill, J B and Kusakabe, M and Newman, S and Pringle, M and Taylor, B and Fryer, P},
  title = {Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift I: Major element, volatile and stable isotope geochemistry},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {179--194},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90184-Y},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90184-Y}
}
Holmes ML and Zierenberg RA (1990), "Submersible observations in Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge", In Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon. New York , pp. 93-116. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Holmes1990,
  author = {Holmes, M L and Zierenberg, R A},
  editor = {McMurray, G R},
  title = {Submersible observations in Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge},
  booktitle = {Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {93--116}
}
Hover FS, Triantafyllou MS and Grosenbaugh MA (1990), "Modelling the dynamics of a deeply-towed underwater vehicle system", In Proceedings of the First (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium: Hydrodynamics and Structural Mechanics, Tubular Joints and Fatigue, TLP, Offshore Systems, Pipelines and Risers, Cables and Mooring, Ice-Structure Interactions. Golden, Colo. , pp. 457-463. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hover1990,
  author = {Hover, F S and Triantafyllou, M S and Grosenbaugh, M A},
  editor = {Chung, J S},
  title = {Modelling the dynamics of a deeply-towed underwater vehicle system},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium: Hydrodynamics and Structural Mechanics, Tubular Joints and Fatigue, TLP, Offshore Systems, Pipelines and Risers, Cables and Mooring, Ice-Structure Interactions},
  publisher = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {457--463}
}
Hurst SD, Karson JA and Moores EM (1990), "Nodal basins at slow spreading ridge-transform intersections: A comparison to the central portion of the Troodos ophiolite", In Ophiolites: Oceanic Crustal Analogues: Proceedings of the Symposium "Troodos 87". Nicosia, Cyprus , pp. 125-130. Geological Survey Dept., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hurst1990,
  author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A and Moores, E M},
  editor = {Malpas, J},
  title = {Nodal basins at slow spreading ridge-transform intersections: A comparison to the central portion of the Troodos ophiolite},
  booktitle = {Ophiolites: Oceanic Crustal Analogues: Proceedings of the Symposium "Troodos 87"},
  publisher = {Geological Survey Dept., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {125--130}
}
Jannasch HW (1990), "Isolation of extremely thermophilic, fermentative archaebacteria from deep-sea geothermal sediments", In Bioprocessing and Biotreatment of Coal. New York , pp. 417-428. Marcel Dekker.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1990,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Wise, D L},
  title = {Isolation of extremely thermophilic, fermentative archaebacteria from deep-sea geothermal sediments},
  booktitle = {Bioprocessing and Biotreatment of Coal},
  publisher = {Marcel Dekker},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {417--428},
  url = {http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=46243}
}
Jannasch HW (1990), "Marine microbiology: A need for deep-sea diving?", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 38-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1990a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Marine microbiology: A need for deep-sea diving?},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38--41}
}
Jannasch HW (1990), "Microbiology of deep sea hydrothermal vents", Australian Microbiologist. Vol. 11, pp. 370-372.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1990b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbiology of deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Australian Microbiologist},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {370--372}
}
Johnson HP and Embley RW (1990), "Axial Seamount - An active ridge-axis volcano on the central Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B8), pp. 12,612-689,696.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1990,
  author = {Johnson, H P and Embley, R W},
  title = {Axial Seamount - An active ridge-axis volcano on the central Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {12,612--689,696},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12689},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB08p12689}
}
Jorgensen BB, Zawacki LX and Jannasch HW (1990), "Thermophilic bacterial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site (Gulf of California)", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 37(4), pp. 695-710.
BibTeX:
@article{Jorgensen1990,
  author = {Jorgensen, B B and Zawacki, L X and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Thermophilic bacterial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site (Gulf of California)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  number = {4},
  pages = {695--710},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90099-H},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(90)90099-H}
}
Kaharl VA (1990), "Waterbaby: The story of Alvin" New York, NY , pp. 400. Oxford University Press.
BibTeX:
@book{Kaharl1990,
  author = {Kaharl, V A},
  title = {Waterbaby: The story of Alvin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {400}
}
Karson JA (1990), "Seafloor spreading on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for the structure of ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere produced in slow-spreading environment", In Ophiolites: Oceanic Crustal Analogues: Proceedings of the Symposium "Troodos 87". Nicosia, Cyprus , pp. 547-555. Geological Survey Dept., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1990,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Malpas, J},
  title = {Seafloor spreading on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for the structure of ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere produced in slow-spreading environment},
  booktitle = {Ophiolites: Oceanic Crustal Analogues: Proceedings of the Symposium "Troodos 87"},
  publisher = {Geological Survey Dept., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {547--555}
}
Karson JA (1990), "Tectonic disruption of volcanic units of the oceanic crust", In Proceedings of a Workshop on the Physical Properties of Volcanic Seafloor: April 24-26, 1990. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 138-142. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1990a,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Purdy, G M},
  title = {Tectonic disruption of volcanic units of the oceanic crust},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of a Workshop on the Physical Properties of Volcanic Seafloor: April 24-26, 1990},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {138--142}
}
Karson JA and Rona PA (1990), "Block-tilting, transfer faults, and structural control of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the TAG area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 102(12), pp. 1635-1645.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1990b,
  author = {Karson, J A and Rona, P A},
  title = {Block-tilting, transfer faults, and structural control of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the TAG area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {102},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1635--1645},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102%3C1635:BTTFAS%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1635:BTTFAS>2.3.CO;2}
}
Karsten JL, Delaney JR, Rhodes JM and Liias RA (1990), "Spatial and temporal evolution of magmatic systems beneath the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Tectonic and petrologic constraints", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B12), pp. 19,219-235,256.
BibTeX:
@article{Karsten1990,
  author = {Karsten, J L and Delaney, J R and Rhodes, J M and Liias, R A},
  title = {Spatial and temporal evolution of magmatic systems beneath the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Tectonic and petrologic constraints},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {19,219--235,256},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19235},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB12p19235}
}
Kawka OE and Simoneit BRT (1990), "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 17-27.
BibTeX:
@article{Kawka1990,
  author = {Kawka, O E and Simoneit, B R T},
  title = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {17--27},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90032-Z},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90032-Z}
}
Kulm LVD and Suess E (1990), "Relationship between carbonate deposits and fluid venting: Oregon accretionary prism", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B6), pp. 8899-8915.
BibTeX:
@article{Kulm1990,
  author = {Kulm, L V D and Suess, E},
  title = {Relationship between carbonate deposits and fluid venting: Oregon accretionary prism},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {8899--8915},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08899},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB06p08899}
}
Kvenvolden KA, Rapp JB and Hostettler FD (1990), "Hydrocarbon geochemistry of hydrothermally generated petroleum from Escanaba trough, offshore California U.S.A", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 83-91.
BibTeX:
@article{Kvenvolden1990,
  author = {Kvenvolden, K A and Rapp, J B and Hostettler, F D},
  title = {Hydrocarbon geochemistry of hydrothermally generated petroleum from Escanaba trough, offshore California U.S.A},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {83--91},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90039-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90039-8}
}
Lewis BTR and Cochrane GC (1990), "Relationship between the location of chemosynthetic benthic communities and geologic structure on the Cascadia Subduction Zone", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B6), pp. 8783-8793.
BibTeX:
@article{Lewis1990,
  author = {Lewis, B T R and Cochrane, G C},
  title = {Relationship between the location of chemosynthetic benthic communities and geologic structure on the Cascadia Subduction Zone},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {8783--8793},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08783},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB06p08783}
}
Little SA, Stolzenbach KD and Purdy GM (1990), "The sound field near hydrothermal vents on Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B8), pp. 12,912-927,945.
BibTeX:
@article{Little1990,
  author = {Little, S A and Stolzenbach, K D and Purdy, G M},
  title = {The sound field near hydrothermal vents on Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B8},
  pages = {12,912--927,945},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12927},
  doi = {10.1029/JB095iB08p12927}
}
Macdonald KC and Fox PJ (1990), "The mid-ocean ridge", Scientific American. Vol. 262(6), pp. 72-79.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1990,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Fox, P J},
  title = {The mid-ocean ridge},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {262},
  number = {6},
  pages = {72--79}
}
Madin LP (1990), "Overview: Being there -- the role of in situ science in oceanography", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 19-21.
BibTeX:
@article{Madin1990,
  author = {Madin, L P},
  title = {Overview: Being there -- the role of in situ science in oceanography},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {19--21}
}
Martens CS (1990), "Generation of short chain acid anions in hydrothermally altered sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 71-76.
BibTeX:
@article{Martens1990,
  author = {Martens, C S},
  title = {Generation of short chain acid anions in hydrothermally altered sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {71--76},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90037-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90037-6}
}
McMurray GR (1990), "Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon" New York, N.Y. , pp. 311. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@book{McMurray1990,
  author = {McMurray, G R},
  title = {Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {311}
}
Mills PB and Andrew PJ (1990), "Descriptions of W.H.O.I. Rock Dredge Samples, Volume IV", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 90-41, pp. 163. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mills1990,
  author = {Mills, P B and Andrew, P J},
  title = {Descriptions of W.H.O.I. Rock Dredge Samples, Volume IV},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {90-41},
  pages = {163},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1025},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1025}
}
Mindell DA (1990), "Images from the deep: Using a fiber-optic network and oceanographic vehicles, Woods Hole scientists are probing the wonders of the ocean.", Byte Magazine. Vol. 15(6), pp. 256-260.
BibTeX:
@article{Mindell1990,
  author = {Mindell, D A},
  title = {Images from the deep: Using a fiber-optic network and oceanographic vehicles, Woods Hole scientists are probing the wonders of the ocean.},
  journal = {Byte Magazine},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {15},
  number = {6},
  pages = {256--260}
}
Moore JC, Orange D and Kulm LVD (1990), "Interrelationship of fluid venting and structural evolution. Alvin observations from the frontal accretionary prism, Oregon", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 95(B6), pp. 8795-8808.
BibTeX:
@article{Moore1990,
  author = {Moore, J C and Orange, D and Kulm, L V D},
  title = {Interrelationship of fluid venting and structural evolution. Alvin observations from the frontal accretionary prism, Oregon},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {95},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {8795--8808},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/89JB02837},
  doi = {10.1029/89JB02837}
}
Morton JL, Koski RA, Normark WR and Ross SL (1990), "Distribution and composition of massive sulfide deposits at Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge", In Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon. New York, N.Y. , pp. 77-92. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Morton1990,
  author = {Morton, J L and Koski, R A and Normark, W R and Ross, S L},
  editor = {McMurray, G R},
  title = {Distribution and composition of massive sulfide deposits at Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge},
  booktitle = {Gorda Ridge: A seafloor spreading center in the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone: Proceedings of the Gorda Ridge symposium, May 11-13, 1987, Portland, Oregon},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {77--92}
}
Mottl MJ and McConachy TF (1990), "Chemical processes in buoyant hydrothermal plumes of the East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees N", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 54(7), pp. 1911-1927.
BibTeX:
@article{Mottl1990,
  author = {Mottl, M J and McConachy, T F},
  title = {Chemical processes in buoyant hydrothermal plumes of the East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees N},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {54},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1911--1927},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90261-I},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(90)90261-I}
}
Mullineaux LS and Butman CA (1990), "Recruitment of benthic invertebrates in boundary-layer flows: a deep water experiment on Cross Seamount", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 35(2), pp. 409-423.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux1990,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Butman, C A},
  title = {Recruitment of benthic invertebrates in boundary-layer flows: a deep water experiment on Cross Seamount},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {409--423},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol35/issue2/0409.pdf}
}
Neuner A, Jannasch HW, Belkin S and Stetter KO (1990), "Thermococcus litoralis sp. nov.: a novel species of extremely thermophilic marine archaebacteria", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 153(2), pp. 205-207.
BibTeX:
@article{Neuner1990,
  author = {Neuner, A and Jannasch, H W and Belkin, S and Stetter, K O},
  title = {Thermococcus litoralis sp. nov.: a novel species of extremely thermophilic marine archaebacteria},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {153},
  number = {2},
  pages = {205--207},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247822},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00247822}
}
Newman JB (1990), "Fiber-optic data network for the Argo/Jason vehicle systems", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 15(2), pp. 66-71.
BibTeX:
@article{Newman1990,
  author = {Newman, J B},
  title = {Fiber-optic data network for the Argo/Jason vehicle systems},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {66--71},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.50691},
  doi = {10.1109/48.50691}
}
Newman JB (1990), "Jason computers, sensors and software", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 1-90, pp. 28. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Newman1990a,
  author = {Newman, J B},
  title = {Jason computers, sensors and software},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {1-90},
  pages = {28}
}
Okutani T (1990), "Two new species of Provanna (Gastropoda: Cerithiacea) from snail pit in the hydrothermal vent site at the Mariana Back-Arc Basin", Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology. Vol. 49(1), pp. 19-24.
BibTeX:
@article{Okutani1990,
  author = {Okutani, T},
  title = {Two new species of Provanna (Gastropoda: Cerithiacea) from snail pit in the hydrothermal vent site at the Mariana Back-Arc Basin},
  journal = {Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--24}
}
Orem WH, Spiker EC and Kotra RK (1990), "Organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores and hydrothermal fluids", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 125-134.
BibTeX:
@article{Orem1990,
  author = {Orem, W H and Spiker, E C and Kotra, R K},
  title = {Organic matter in hydrothermal metal ores and hydrothermal fluids},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {125--134},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90043-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90043-5}
}
Page HM, Fisher CR and Childress JJ (1990), "The role of suspension-feeding in the nutritional biology of a deep-sea mussel with methanotrophic symbionts", Marine Biology. Vol. 104(2), pp. 251-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Page1990,
  author = {Page, H M and Fisher, C R and Childress, J J},
  title = {The role of suspension-feeding in the nutritional biology of a deep-sea mussel with methanotrophic symbionts},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {104},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313266},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01313266}
}
Paull CK, Freeman-Lynde R, Bralower TJ, Garsemal JM, Neumann AC, D'Argenio B and Marsella E (1990), "Geology of the strata exposed on the Florida Escarpment", Marine Geology. Vol. 91(3), pp. 177-194.
BibTeX:
@article{Paull1990,
  author = {Paull, C K and Freeman-Lynde, R and Bralower, T J and Garsemal, J M and Neumann, A C and D'Argenio, B and Marsella, E},
  title = {Geology of the strata exposed on the Florida Escarpment},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {91},
  number = {3},
  pages = {177--194},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(90)90035-I},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(90)90035-I}
}
Peter JM, Simoneit BRT, Kawka OE and Scott SD (1990), "Liquid hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions in modern hydrothermal chimmeys and mounds from the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 51-63.
BibTeX:
@article{Peter1990,
  author = {Peter, J M and Simoneit, B R T and Kawka, O E and Scott, S D},
  title = {Liquid hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions in modern hydrothermal chimmeys and mounds from the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {51--63},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90035-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90035-4}
}
Rau GH, McHugh CM, Harrold C, Baxter C, Hecker B and Embley RW (1990), "[delta]13C, [delta]15N and [delta]18O of Calyptogena phaseoliformis (bivalve mollusc) from the Ascension Fan-Valley near Monterey, California", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 37, pp. 1669-1676.
BibTeX:
@article{Rau1990,
  author = {Rau, G H and McHugh, C M and Harrold, C and Baxter, C and Hecker, B and Embley, R W},
  title = {[delta]13C, [delta]15N and [delta]18O of Calyptogena phaseoliformis (bivalve mollusc) from the Ascension Fan-Valley near Monterey, California},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {1669--1676},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90070-C},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(90)90070-C}
}
Roberts HH, Aharon P, Carney R, Larkin J and Sassen R (1990), "Seafloor responses to hydrocarbon seeps, Louisiana continental slope", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 10(4), pp. 232-243.
BibTeX:
@article{Roberts1990,
  author = {Roberts, H H and Aharon, P and Carney, R and Larkin, J and Sassen, R},
  title = {Seafloor responses to hydrocarbon seeps, Louisiana continental slope},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {232--243},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431070},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02431070}
}
Robison BH and Wishner K (1990), "Biological-research needs for submersible access to the greatest ocean depths", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 34-37.
BibTeX:
@article{Robison1990,
  author = {Robison, B H and Wishner, K},
  title = {Biological-research needs for submersible access to the greatest ocean depths},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34--37}
}
Sanford MW, Kuehl SA and Nittrouer CA (1990), "Modern sedimentary processes in the Wilmington Canyon area, U.S. east coast", Marine Geology. Vol. 92(3-4), pp. 205-226.
BibTeX:
@article{Sanford1990,
  author = {Sanford, M W and Kuehl, S A and Nittrouer, C A},
  title = {Modern sedimentary processes in the Wilmington Canyon area, U.S. east coast},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {92},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {205--226},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(90)90004-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(90)90004-4}
}
Schoell M, Hwang RJ and Simoneit BRT (1990), "Carbon isotope composition of hydrothermal petroleums from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 65-69.
BibTeX:
@article{Schoell1990,
  author = {Schoell, M and Hwang, R J and Simoneit, B R T},
  title = {Carbon isotope composition of hydrothermal petroleums from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {65--69},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90036-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90036-5}
}
Shor AN, Piper D, Hughes J, Clarke JE and Mayer LA (1990), "Giant flute-like scour and other erosional features formed by the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current", Sedimentology. Vol. 37(4), pp. 631-645.
BibTeX:
@article{Shor1990,
  author = {Shor, A N and Piper, D and Hughes, J and Clarke, J E and Mayer, L A},
  title = {Giant flute-like scour and other erosional features formed by the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {37},
  number = {4},
  pages = {631--645},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00626.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00626.x}
}
Simoneit BRT, Lonsdale PF, Edmond JM and Shanks WC (1990), "Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 41-49.
BibTeX:
@article{Simoneit1990,
  author = {Simoneit, B R T and Lonsdale, P F and Edmond, J M and Shanks, W C},
  title = {Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {41--49},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90034-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90034-3}
}
Simoneit BRT, Brault M and Saliot A (1990), "Hydrocarbons associated with hydrothermal minerals, vent waters and talus on the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 5(1-2), pp. 115-124.
BibTeX:
@article{Simoneit1990a,
  author = {Simoneit, B R T and Brault, M and Saliot, A},
  title = {Hydrocarbons associated with hydrothermal minerals, vent waters and talus on the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {115--124},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90042-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90042-4}
}
Smith JR, Taylor B, Malahoff A and Petersen L (1990), "Submarine volcanism in the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc submersible and deep-tow camera results", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 100(1-3), pp. 148-160..
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1990,
  author = {Smith, J R and Taylor, B and Malahoff, A and Petersen, L},
  title = {Submarine volcanism in the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc submersible and deep-tow camera results},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {148--160.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90182-W},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90182-W}
}
Smith S (1990), "Afterlife of a whale", Discover. Vol. 11(2), pp. 46-49.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1990a,
  author = {Smith, S},
  title = {Afterlife of a whale},
  journal = {Discover},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {46--49}
}
Stein JL, Haygood M and Felbeck H (1990), "Nucleotide sequence and expression of a deep-sea ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase gene cloned from a chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbiont", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 87(22), pp. 8850-8854.
BibTeX:
@article{Stein1990,
  author = {Stein, J L and Haygood, M and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Nucleotide sequence and expression of a deep-sea ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase gene cloned from a chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbiont},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {87},
  number = {22},
  pages = {8850--8854},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.22.8850},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.87.22.8850}
}
Stein JL, Haygood M and Felbeck H (1990), "Diversity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase genes in sulfur oxidizing symbiosis", In Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis. Paris , pp. 343-348. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stein1990a,
  author = {Stein, J L and Haygood, M and Felbeck, H},
  editor = {Nardon, P},
  title = {Diversity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase genes in sulfur oxidizing symbiosis},
  booktitle = {Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis},
  publisher = {Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {343--348}
}
Stewart WK (1990), "A model-based approach to 3-D imaging and mapping underwater", Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vol. 112, pp. 352-356.
BibTeX:
@article{Stewart1990,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {A model-based approach to 3-D imaging and mapping underwater},
  journal = {Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {112},
  pages = {352--356},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919877},
  doi = {10.1115/1.2919877}
}
Straube WL, Deming JW, Somerville CC, Colwell RR and Baross JA (1990), "Particulate DNA in smoker fluids: Evidence for existence of microbial populations in hot hydrothermal systems", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 56(5), pp. 1440-1447.
BibTeX:
@article{Straube1990,
  author = {Straube, W L and Deming, J W and Somerville, C C and Colwell, R R and Baross, J A},
  title = {Particulate DNA in smoker fluids: Evidence for existence of microbial populations in hot hydrothermal systems},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {56},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1440--1447},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=184425&blobtype=pdf}
}
Taylor B, Brown G, Fryer P, Gill JB, Hochstaedter AG, Hotta H, Langmuir CH, Leinen M, Nishimura A and Urabe T (1990), "Alvin-Seabeam studies of the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin Arc", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 100(1-3), pp. 127-147.
BibTeX:
@article{Taylor1990,
  author = {Taylor, B and Brown, G and Fryer, P and Gill, J B and Hochstaedter, A G and Hotta, H and Langmuir, C H and Leinen, M and Nishimura, A and Urabe, T},
  title = {Alvin-Seabeam studies of the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin Arc},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {127--147},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90181-V},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90181-V}
}
Triantafyllou MS and Hover F (1990), "Cable dynamics for tethered underwater vehicles", In MITSG. Cambridge, Mass. , pp. 32. Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@book{Triantafyllou1990,
  author = {Triantafyllou, M S and Hover, F},
  title = {Cable dynamics for tethered underwater vehicles},
  booktitle = {MITSG},
  publisher = {Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {32},
  url = {http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/mit/mitt90001.pdf}
}
Ulrich NT, Kumar V, Paul R and Bajcsy R (1990), "Grasping with mechanical intelligence", In RoManSy 8: Proceedings of the Eight[h] CISM-IFToMM Symposium on Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators. Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology Pubs..
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ulrich1990,
  author = {Ulrich, N T and Kumar, V and Paul, R and Bajcsy, R},
  editor = {Morecki, A},
  title = {Grasping with mechanical intelligence},
  booktitle = {RoManSy 8: Proceedings of the Eight[h] CISM-IFToMM Symposium on Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators},
  publisher = {Warsaw University of Technology Pubs.},
  year = {1990}
}
Urabe T and Kusakabe M (1990), "Barite-silica chimneys from the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc: possible analog to hematitic chert associatied with Kuroko depostis", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 100(1-3), pp. 283-290.
BibTeX:
@article{Urabe1990,
  author = {Urabe, T and Kusakabe, M},
  title = {Barite-silica chimneys from the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc: possible analog to hematitic chert associatied with Kuroko depostis},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {283--290},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90191-Y},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90191-Y}
}
Von Damm KL (1990), "Seafloor hydrothermal activity: black smoker chemistry and chimneys", Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Vol. 18, pp. 173-204.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1990,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Seafloor hydrothermal activity: black smoker chemistry and chimneys},
  journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {173--204},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001133},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001133}
}
Walsh D (1990), "30,000 feet and 30 years later: Some thoughts on the deepest presence concept", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 24(2), pp. 7-8.
BibTeX:
@article{Walsh1990,
  author = {Walsh, D},
  title = {30,000 feet and 30 years later: Some thoughts on the deepest presence concept},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {7--8}
}
Wheat CG (1990), "Fluid circulation and diagenesis in an off-axis hydrothermal system: the Mariana Mounds" Seattle, Wash. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 216. University of Washington.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Wheat1990,
  author = {Wheat, C G},
  title = {Fluid circulation and diagenesis in an off-axis hydrothermal system: the Mariana Mounds},
  publisher = {University of Washington},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {216}
}
Wheatcroft RA (1990), "Rates and pathways of sediment bioturbation: A mechanistic approach" Seattle, Wash. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 206. University of Washington.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Wheatcroft1990,
  author = {Wheatcroft, R A},
  title = {Rates and pathways of sediment bioturbation: A mechanistic approach},
  publisher = {University of Washington},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {206}
}
Wishner K, Levin LA, Gowing M and Mullineaux L (1990), "Involvement of the oxygen minimum in benthic zonation of a deep seamount", Nature. Vol. 346(6279), pp. 57-59.
BibTeX:
@article{Wishner1990,
  author = {Wishner, K and Levin, L A and Gowing, M and Mullineaux, L},
  title = {Involvement of the oxygen minimum in benthic zonation of a deep seamount},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {346},
  number = {6279},
  pages = {57--59},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346057a0},
  doi = {10.1038/346057a0}
}
Yoerger DR (1990), "The application of supervisory control to underwater telerobots", In Robotics, Control, and Society: Essays in Honor of Thomas B. Sheridan. New York , pp. 48-59. Taylor and Francis.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1990,
  author = {Yoerger, D R},
  editor = {Moray, N},
  title = {The application of supervisory control to underwater telerobots},
  booktitle = {Robotics, Control, and Society: Essays in Honor of Thomas B. Sheridan},
  publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {48--59}
}
Yoerger DR, Cooke JG and Slotine JE (1990), "The influence of thruster dynamics on underwater behavior and their incorporation into control system design", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 15(3), pp. 167-178.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1990a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Cooke, J G and Slotine, J E},
  title = {The influence of thruster dynamics on underwater behavior and their incorporation into control system design},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {167--178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.107145},
  doi = {10.1109/48.107145}
}
Yoerger DR and DiPietro DM (1990), "Control capabilities of Jason and its manipulator", In Subsea Work Systems and Technologies. Boston (2), pp. 19-29. Kluwer Academic Publishers..
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1990b,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and DiPietro, D M},
  editor = {Ardus, D A},
  title = {Control capabilities of Jason and its manipulator},
  booktitle = {Subsea Work Systems and Technologies},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
  year = {1990},
  number = {2},
  pages = {19--29}
}
Zierenberg RA and Schiffman P (1990), "Microbial control of silver mineralization at a sea-floor hydrothermal site in the northern Gorda Ridge", Nature. Vol. 348(6297), pp. 155-157.
BibTeX:
@article{Zierenberg1990,
  author = {Zierenberg, R A and Schiffman, P},
  title = {Microbial control of silver mineralization at a sea-floor hydrothermal site in the northern Gorda Ridge},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {348},
  number = {6297},
  pages = {155--157},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348155a0},
  doi = {10.1038/348155a0}
}
Ballard RD (1989), "Die Entdeckung der Bismarck", GEO. Vol. 1989(12), pp. 14-36.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1989,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Die Entdeckung der Bismarck},
  journal = {GEO},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1989},
  number = {12},
  pages = {14--36}
}
Ballard RD (1989), "The Bismarck found", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 176(5), pp. 622-638.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1989a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The Bismarck found},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {176},
  number = {5},
  pages = {622--638}
}
Barany I and Karson JA (1989), "Basaltic breccias of the Clipperton fracture zone (East Pacific): Sedimentation and tectonics in a fast-slipping oceanic transform", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 101(2), pp. 204-220.
BibTeX:
@article{Barany1989,
  author = {Barany, I and Karson, J A},
  title = {Basaltic breccias of the Clipperton fracture zone (East Pacific): Sedimentation and tectonics in a fast-slipping oceanic transform},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {101},
  number = {2},
  pages = {204--220},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101%3C0204:BBOTCF%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0204:BBOTCF>2.3.CO;2}
}
Barone AM (1989), "Morpho-tectonic evolution of subsea volcanoes near the boundary of separating plates: examples from rifting and spreading stages" New York, N.Y. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 104. Columbia University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Barone1989,
  author = {Barone, A M},
  title = {Morpho-tectonic evolution of subsea volcanoes near the boundary of separating plates: examples from rifting and spreading stages},
  publisher = {Columbia University},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {104}
}
Batiza R, Smith TL and Niu Y (1989), "Geological and petrologic evolution of seamounts near the EPR based on submersible and camera study", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 11(3), pp. 169-236.
BibTeX:
@article{Batiza1989,
  author = {Batiza, R and Smith, T L and Niu, Y},
  title = {Geological and petrologic evolution of seamounts near the EPR based on submersible and camera study},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {169--236},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340203},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00340203}
}
Bazylinski DA, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1989), "Microbial utilization of naturally-occurring hydrocarbons at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 55(11), pp. 2832-2836.
BibTeX:
@article{Bazylinski1989,
  author = {Bazylinski, D A and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbial utilization of naturally-occurring hydrocarbons at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {55},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2832--2836},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/55/11/2832}
}
Belkin S and Jannasch HW (1989), "Microbial mats at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: New observations", In Microbial Mats: Physiological Ecology of Benthic Microbial Communities. Washington, D.C. , pp. 16-21. American Society for Microbiology.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Belkin1989,
  author = {Belkin, S and Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Cohen, Y},
  title = {Microbial mats at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: New observations},
  booktitle = {Microbial Mats: Physiological Ecology of Benthic Microbial Communities},
  publisher = {American Society for Microbiology},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {16--21}
}
Cary SC, Felbeck H and Holland ND (1989), "Observations on the reproductive biology of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila", Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 52, pp. 89-94.
BibTeX:
@article{Cary1989,
  author = {Cary, S C and Felbeck, H and Holland, N D},
  title = {Observations on the reproductive biology of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {89--94},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps052089},
  doi = {10.3354/meps052089}
}
Cary SC, Fry B, Felbeck H and Vetter R (1989), "Multiple trophic resources for a chemoautotrophic community at a deep-sea brine seep at the base of the Florida Escarpment", Marine Biology. Vol. 100(3), pp. 411-418.
BibTeX:
@article{Cary1989a,
  author = {Cary, S C and Fry, B and Felbeck, H and Vetter, R},
  title = {Multiple trophic resources for a chemoautotrophic community at a deep-sea brine seep at the base of the Florida Escarpment},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {100},
  number = {3},
  pages = {411--418},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391157},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00391157}
}
Child CA (1989), "Pycnogonida of the western Pacific Islands 6. Sericosura cochleifovea , a new hydrothermal vent species from the Marianas Back-Arc Basin", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 102(3), pp. 732-737.
BibTeX:
@article{Child1989,
  author = {Child, C A},
  title = {Pycnogonida of the western Pacific Islands 6. Sericosura cochleifovea , a new hydrothermal vent species from the Marianas Back-Arc Basin},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {732--737}
}
Childress JJ, Gluck DL, Carney RS and Gowing MM (1989), "Benthopelagic biomass distribution and oxygen consumption in a deep-sea benthic boundary layer dominated by gelatinous organisms", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 34(5), pp. 913-930.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1989,
  author = {Childress, J J and Gluck, D L and Carney, R S and Gowing, M M},
  title = {Benthopelagic biomass distribution and oxygen consumption in a deep-sea benthic boundary layer dominated by gelatinous organisms},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {34},
  number = {5},
  pages = {913--930},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol34/issue5/0913.pdf}
}
Coston JA (1989), "Carbonate diagenesis associated with abyssal brine seeps and chemosynthetic communities, Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico" Chapel Hill Vol. M.S., pp. 210. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Coston1989,
  author = {Coston, J A},
  title = {Carbonate diagenesis associated with abyssal brine seeps and chemosynthetic communities, Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico},
  publisher = {University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {210}
}
Eittreim SL, Embley RW, Normark WR, Greene HG, McHugh CM and Ryan WBF (1989), "Observations in Monterey Canyon and fan valley using the submersible Alvin and a photographic sled", In USGS open-file report. Menlo Park, Calif. , pp. 28. United States Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Eittreim1989,
  author = {Eittreim, S L and Embley, R W and Normark, W R and Greene, H G and McHugh, C M and Ryan, W B F},
  title = {Observations in Monterey Canyon and fan valley using the submersible Alvin and a photographic sled},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {United States Geological Survey},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {28},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr89291}
}
Elder R and von Alt C (1989), "A high bit rate fiber optic data link enables multiple real-time video and improves performance of an ROV", In Proceedings, MDS '89: Conference and Exposition on Marine Data Systems, April 26-28, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Stennis Space Center, Miss. , pp. 113. Marine Technology Society, Gulf Coast Section.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Elder1989,
  author = {Elder, R and von Alt, C},
  title = {A high bit rate fiber optic data link enables multiple real-time video and improves performance of an ROV},
  booktitle = {Proceedings, MDS '89: Conference and Exposition on Marine Data Systems, April 26-28, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society, Gulf Coast Section},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {113}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ and Minnich E (1989), "Autotrophic carbon assimilation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 177(3), pp. 372-385.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1989,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Minnich, E},
  title = {Autotrophic carbon assimilation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {177},
  number = {3},
  pages = {372--385},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/177/3/372}
}
Hein FJ and Syvitski JPM (1989), "Sea floor gouges and pits in deep fjords, Baffin Island: possible mammalian feeding traces", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 9(2), pp. 91-94.
BibTeX:
@article{Hein1989,
  author = {Hein, F J and Syvitski, J P M},
  title = {Sea floor gouges and pits in deep fjords, Baffin Island: possible mammalian feeding traces},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {91--94},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430429},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02430429}
}
Horkowitz J, Stakes D and Enrlich R (1989), "Unmixing mid-ocean ridge basalts with EXTENDED QMODEL", Tectonophysics. Vol. 165(1-4), pp. 1-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Horkowitz1989,
  author = {Horkowitz, J and Stakes, D and Enrlich, R},
  title = {Unmixing mid-ocean ridge basalts with EXTENDED QMODEL},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {165},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {1--19},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90031-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(89)90031-0}
}
Huber R, Kurr M, Jannasch HW and Stetter KO (1989), "A novel group of abyssal methanogenic archaebacteria (Methanopyrus) growing at 110 degrees C", Nature. Vol. 342(6251), pp. 833-834.
BibTeX:
@article{Huber1989,
  author = {Huber, R and Kurr, M and Jannasch, H W and Stetter, K O},
  title = {A novel group of abyssal methanogenic archaebacteria (Methanopyrus) growing at 110 degrees C},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {342},
  number = {6251},
  pages = {833--834},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342833a0},
  doi = {10.1038/342833a0}
}
Jannasch HW, Nelson DC and Wirsen CO (1989), "Massive natural occurrence of unusually large bacteria (Beggiatoa sp.) at a hydrothermal deep-sea vent site", Nature. Vol. 342(6251), pp. 834-836.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1989,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Nelson, D C and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Massive natural occurrence of unusually large bacteria (Beggiatoa sp.) at a hydrothermal deep-sea vent site},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {342},
  number = {6251},
  pages = {834--836},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342834a0},
  doi = {10.1038/342834a0}
}
Jannasch HW (1989), "Chemolithotrophic productivity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", In Recent advances in microbial ecology: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Microbiology and Ecology. Tokyo , pp. 23-27. Japan Scientific Societies Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1989a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Hattori, T},
  title = {Chemolithotrophic productivity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Recent advances in microbial ecology: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Microbiology and Ecology},
  publisher = {Japan Scientific Societies Press},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {23--27}
}
Jannasch HW (1989), "Chemosynthetically sustained ecosystems in the deep sea", In Autotrophic Bacteria. Madison, Wis., and Berlin , pp. 147-166.. Science Tech Publ. and Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1989b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Schlegel, H G},
  title = {Chemosynthetically sustained ecosystems in the deep sea},
  booktitle = {Autotrophic Bacteria},
  publisher = {Science Tech Publ. and Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {147--166.}
}
Jannasch HW (1989), "Final Report on R/V Atlantis II (voyage No. 118-28) and DSRV Alvin (dive series 3-88) to conduct microbiological research at the Guayman Basin hydrothermal vents During 31 January - 9 February 1988", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Jannasch1989c,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Final Report on R/V Atlantis II (voyage No. 118-28) and DSRV Alvin (dive series 3-88) to conduct microbiological research at the Guayman Basin hydrothermal vents During 31 January - 9 February 1988},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {var.}
}
Jannasch HW (1989), "Sulphur emissions and transformations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", In Evolution of the Global Biogeochemical Sulphur Cycle. Chichester, Eng., and New York , pp. 181-189. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1989d,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Brimblecombe, P},
  title = {Sulphur emissions and transformations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Evolution of the Global Biogeochemical Sulphur Cycle},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {181--189}
}
Jones WJ, Stugard CE and Jannasch HW (1989), "Comparison of thermophilic methanogens from submarine hydrothermal vents", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 151(4), pp. 314-318..
BibTeX:
@article{Jones1989,
  author = {Jones, W J and Stugard, C E and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Comparison of thermophilic methanogens from submarine hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {151},
  number = {4},
  pages = {314--318.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406557},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00406557}
}
Kleinrock MC and Hey RN (1989), "Migrating transform zone and lithospheric transfer at the Galapagos 95.5 degrees W propagator", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 94(B10), pp. 13,813-859,878.
BibTeX:
@article{Kleinrock1989,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C and Hey, R N},
  title = {Migrating transform zone and lithospheric transfer at the Galapagos 95.5 degrees W propagator},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {94},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {13,813--859,878},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p13859},
  doi = {10.1029/JB094iB10p13859}
}
Kleinrock MC, Searle RC and Hey RN (1989), "Tectonics of the failing spreading system associated with the 95.5 degrees W Galapagos propagator", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 94(B10), pp. 13,813-839,857.
BibTeX:
@article{Kleinrock1989a,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C and Searle, R C and Hey, R N},
  title = {Tectonics of the failing spreading system associated with the 95.5 degrees W Galapagos propagator},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {94},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {13,813--839,857},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p13839},
  doi = {10.1029/JB094iB10p13839}
}
Kleinrock MC and Hey RN (1989), "Detailed tectonics near the tip of the Galapagos 95.5 degrees W propagator: How the lithosphere tears and a spreading axis develops", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 94(B10), pp. 13,801-813,838.
BibTeX:
@article{Kleinrock1989b,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C and Hey, R N},
  title = {Detailed tectonics near the tip of the Galapagos 95.5 degrees W propagator: How the lithosphere tears and a spreading axis develops},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {94},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {13,801--813,838},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p13801},
  doi = {10.1029/JB094iB10p13801}
}
Nelson DC, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1989), "Characterization of large, autotrophic Beggiatoa spp. abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 55(11), pp. 2909-2917.
BibTeX:
@article{Nelson1989,
  author = {Nelson, D C and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Characterization of large, autotrophic Beggiatoa spp. abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {55},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2909--2917},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=203190&blobtype=pdf}
}
Noble M and Mullineaux LS (1989), "Internal tidal currents over the summit of Cross Seamount", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 36(12), pp. 1791-1802.
BibTeX:
@article{Noble1989,
  author = {Noble, M and Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {Internal tidal currents over the summit of Cross Seamount},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {36},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1791--1802},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90112-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(89)90112-X}
}
Olafsson J, Honjo S, Thors K, Stefansson U, Jones RR and Ballard RD (1989), "Initial observations, bathymetry and photography of a geothermal site on the Kolbeinsey Ridge", In Oceanography 1988 : JOA Mexico 88. Mexico City , pp. 121-127. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Olafsson1989,
  author = {Olafsson, J and Honjo, S and Thors, K and Stefansson, U and Jones, R R and Ballard, R D},
  editor = {Ayala-Castañarea, A},
  title = {Initial observations, bathymetry and photography of a geothermal site on the Kolbeinsey Ridge},
  booktitle = {Oceanography 1988 : JOA Mexico 88},
  publisher = {Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {121--127}
}
Ortega-Osorio A and Paez-Osuna F (1989), "Composicion geoquimica y mineralogica de los depositos hidrotermales de la Dorsal del Pacifico mexicano (21 grados N) y la Cuenca de Guaymas", Geofisica Internacional. Vol. 28(4), pp. 737-762.
BibTeX:
@article{Ortega-Osorio1989,
  author = {Ortega-Osorio, A and Paez-Osuna, F},
  title = {Composicion geoquimica y mineralogica de los depositos hidrotermales de la Dorsal del Pacifico mexicano (21 grados N) y la Cuenca de Guaymas},
  journal = {Geofisica Internacional},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {737--762}
}
Pettibone MH (1989), "Two new species of Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the East Pacific Rise, collected by Alvin dives 2000 and 2003", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 102(2), pp. 305-310.
BibTeX:
@article{Pettibone1989,
  author = {Pettibone, M H},
  title = {Two new species of Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the East Pacific Rise, collected by Alvin dives 2000 and 2003},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {305--310}
}
Roth S and Dymond J (1989), "Transport and settling of organic material in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume: evidence from particle flux measurements", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 36(8), pp. 1237-1254.
BibTeX:
@article{Roth1989,
  author = {Roth, S and Dymond, J},
  title = {Transport and settling of organic material in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume: evidence from particle flux measurements},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {36},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1237--1254},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90103-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(89)90103-9}
}
Sagalevitch AM (1989), "Methods of ocean research with manned submersibles", In Oceans '89: An international conference addressing methods for understanding the global ocean, September 18-21, 1989, Seattle, Washington USA. New York Vol. 3, pp. 728-733. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Sagalevitch1989,
  author = {Sagalevitch, A M},
  title = {Methods of ocean research with manned submersibles},
  booktitle = {Oceans '89: An international conference addressing methods for understanding the global ocean, September 18-21, 1989, Seattle, Washington USA},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {728--733},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586669},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586669}
}
Schwab WC, Uchupi E, Ballard RD and Dettweiler T (1989), "Sea-Floor Observations in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas: An Argo/SeaMARC Survey", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 9(3), pp. 171-178.
BibTeX:
@article{Schwab1989,
  author = {Schwab, W C and Uchupi, E and Ballard, R D and Dettweiler, T},
  title = {Sea-Floor Observations in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas: An Argo/SeaMARC Survey},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--178},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431044},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02431044}
}
Segall MP, Kuehl SA and Gipson M (1989), "Clay-size minerals as indicators of modern sedimentary processes in submarine canyons: Application to the Wilmington canyon system", Marine Geology. Vol. 90(3), pp. 175-192.
BibTeX:
@article{Segall1989,
  author = {Segall, M P and Kuehl, S A and Gipson, M},
  title = {Clay-size minerals as indicators of modern sedimentary processes in submarine canyons: Application to the Wilmington canyon system},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {90},
  number = {3},
  pages = {175--192},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90040-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(89)90040-6}
}
Smith TL and Batiza R (1989), "New field and laboratory evidence for the origin of hyaloclastite flows on seamount summits", Bulletin of Volcanology. Vol. 51(2), pp. 96-114..
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1989,
  author = {Smith, T L and Batiza, R},
  title = {New field and laboratory evidence for the origin of hyaloclastite flows on seamount summits},
  journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {96--114.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081979},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01081979}
}
Somero GN, Childress JJ and Anderson AE (1989), "Transport, metabolism and detoxification of hydrogen sulfide in animals from sulfide rich marine environments", Reviews in Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 1(4), pp. 591-614.
BibTeX:
@article{Somero1989,
  author = {Somero, G N and Childress, J J and Anderson, A E},
  title = {Transport, metabolism and detoxification of hydrogen sulfide in animals from sulfide rich marine environments},
  journal = {Reviews in Aquatic Sciences},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {591--614}
}
Stewart WK (1989), "Acoustic imaging processing and AI Modeling", In Proceedings: EEZ resources, technology assessment conference : January 22-26, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii USA. Honolulu , pp. 1-7. College of Engineering, University of Hawaii.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stewart1989,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Acoustic imaging processing and AI Modeling},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: EEZ resources, technology assessment conference : January 22-26, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii USA},
  publisher = {College of Engineering, University of Hawaii},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {1--7}
}
Stewart WK (1989), "Three-dimensional modeling of seaflorr backscatter from sidescan sonar for autonomous classfication and navigation", In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology, June 12-14, 1989. Durham, N.H. , pp. 21 pages. Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stewart1989a,
  author = {Stewart, W K},
  title = {Three-dimensional modeling of seaflorr backscatter from sidescan sonar for autonomous classfication and navigation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology, June 12-14, 1989},
  publisher = {Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory, University of New Hampshire},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {21 pages}
}
Tivey MA and Johnson HP (1989), "High resolution geophysical studies of oceanic hydrothermal systems", Reviews in Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 1(3), pp. 473-496.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1989,
  author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {High resolution geophysical studies of oceanic hydrothermal systems},
  journal = {Reviews in Aquatic Sciences},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {473--496}
}
Tyre T (1989), "Live TV broadcasts from ocean floor bring new depth to science education", Technological Horizons in Education Journal. Vol. 17(1), pp. 42,44-46.
BibTeX:
@article{Tyre1989,
  author = {Tyre, T},
  title = {Live TV broadcasts from ocean floor bring new depth to science education},
  journal = {Technological Horizons in Education Journal},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {42,44--46}
}
Uchupi E and Ballard RD (1989), "Evidence of hydrothermal activity on Marsili Seamount, Tyrrhenian Basin", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 36(9), pp. 1443-1448.
BibTeX:
@article{Uchupi1989,
  author = {Uchupi, E and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Evidence of hydrothermal activity on Marsili Seamount, Tyrrhenian Basin},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {36},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1443--1448},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90094-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(89)90094-0}
}
Van Dover CL (1989), "Chemosynthetic communities in the deep sea: ecological studies" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 271. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{VanDover1989,
  author = {Van Dover, C L},
  title = {Chemosynthetic communities in the deep sea: ecological studies},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {271},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1359},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1359}
}
Williams AB and Baba K (1989), "New squat lobsters (Galatheidae) from the Pacific Ocean: Mariana Back Arc Basin, East Pacific Rise, and Cascadia Basin", Fishery Bulletin. Vol. 87(4), pp. 899-910.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams1989,
  author = {Williams, A B and Baba, K},
  title = {New squat lobsters (Galatheidae) from the Pacific Ocean: Mariana Back Arc Basin, East Pacific Rise, and Cascadia Basin},
  journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {87},
  number = {4},
  pages = {899--910}
}
Yoerger DR and Newman JB (1989), "Control of remotely operated vehicles for precise survey", In Intervention '89 conference and exposition. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 123-127. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1989,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B},
  title = {Control of remotely operated vehicles for precise survey},
  booktitle = {Intervention '89 conference and exposition},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {123--127}
}
(1989), "Undersea seeping found off the northern California coast", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 70(3), pp. 310-311.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Undersea seeping found off the northern California coast},
  journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {70},
  number = {3},
  pages = {310--311}
}
Aggrey KE, Muenow DW and Batiza R (1988), "Volatile abundances in basaltic glasses from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and 12 -14 degrees N", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 52(8), pp. 2115-2119.
Abstract: Volatiles in glasses from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in the vicinity of 21°N and 12–14°N were analyzed by high-temperature mass spectrometry. Compared to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas erupted at the spreading axis of the EPR at 21°N, the seamount magmas are commonly enriched in H2O, Cl, F and S (at the same Mg). Water and Cl abundances range from 0.111 to 1.021 wt.% and 0.003 to 0.226 wt.%, respectively. The wide range in abundances is consistent with the diversity of magmas erupted by these seamounts as indicated previously from major and rare-earth element data. H2O shows a strong linear positive correlation with K2O content [H2O = 0.45 (±0.04) K2O + 0.22 (±0.03) with RMS error of 0.09]. Based on -ratios and K2O abundances the glasses separate into three distinct groups: highly volatile-enriched alkalic/transitional, enriched tholeiitic, and depleted tholeiitic. Ratio-ratio plots of incompatible elements ( vs. ) indicate that these seamount magmas can all be related by the mixing of enriched and depleted source materials.
BibTeX:
@article{Aggrey1988,
  author = {Aggrey, K E and Muenow, D W and Batiza, R},
  title = {Volatile abundances in basaltic glasses from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and 12 -14 degrees N},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {52},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2115--2119},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90191-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90191-3}
}
Allan JF, Sack RO and Batiza R (1988), "Cr-rich spinels as petrogenetic indicators: MORB-type lavas from the Lamont Seamount Chain", American Mineralogist. Vol. 73(7-8), pp. 741-753.
BibTeX:
@article{Allan1988,
  author = {Allan, J F and Sack, R O and Batiza, R},
  title = {Cr-rich spinels as petrogenetic indicators: MORB-type lavas from the Lamont Seamount Chain},
  journal = {American Mineralogist},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {73},
  number = {7-8},
  pages = {741--753},
  url = {http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM73/AM73741.pdf}
}
Alt JC (1988), "The chemistry and sulfur isotope composition of massive sulfide and associated deposits on Green Seamount, eastern Pacific", Economic Geology. Vol. 83(5), pp. 1026-1033.
BibTeX:
@article{Alt1988,
  author = {Alt, J C},
  title = {The chemistry and sulfur isotope composition of massive sulfide and associated deposits on Green Seamount, eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Economic Geology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {83},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1026--1033},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.5.1026},
  doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.83.5.1026}
}
Ballard RD (1988), "Exploring the Titanic" New York , pp. 64. Scholastic.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1988,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Exploring the Titanic},
  publisher = {Scholastic},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {64}
}
Ballard RD, Uchupi E, Blackman DK, Cheminee J, Francheteau J, Hekinian R, Schwab WC and Sigurdsson H (1988), "Geological mapping of the East Pacific Rise axis (10 degrees 19' -11 degrees 53'N) using the Argo and Angus imaging systems", Canadian Mineralogist. Vol. 26(3), pp. 467-486.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1988a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Uchupi, E and Blackman, D K and Cheminee, J and Francheteau, J and Hekinian, R and Schwab, W C and Sigurdsson, H},
  title = {Geological mapping of the East Pacific Rise axis (10 degrees 19' -11 degrees 53'N) using the Argo and Angus imaging systems},
  journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {467--486}
}
Bazylinski DA, Farrington JW and Jannasch HW (1988), "Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site", Organic Geochemistry. Vol. 12(6), pp. 547-558.
BibTeX:
@article{Bazylinski1988,
  author = {Bazylinski, D A and Farrington, J W and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site},
  journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {547--558},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90146-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0146-6380(88)90146-5}
}
Brown JR and Karson JA (1988), "Variations in axial processes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: the median valley of the MARK area", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 10(1-2), pp. 109-138.
BibTeX:
@article{Brown1988,
  author = {Brown, J R and Karson, J A},
  title = {Variations in axial processes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: the median valley of the MARK area},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {109--138},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424663},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02424663}
}
Brundage W (1988), "NRL's deep sea floor search ERA: a brief history of the NRL/MIZAR search system and Its major achievements", In NRL- Memorandum Report. Washington, D.C. , pp. 56. Naval Research Laboratory.
BibTeX:
@book{Brundage1988,
  author = {Brundage, W},
  title = {NRL's deep sea floor search ERA: a brief history of the NRL/MIZAR search system and Its major achievements},
  booktitle = {NRL- Memorandum Report},
  publisher = {Naval Research Laboratory},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {56}
}
Campbell AC, Palmer MR, Klinkhammer GP, Bowers TS, Edmond JM, Lawrence JR, Casey JF, Thompson G, Humphris SE, Rona PA and Karson JA (1988), "Chemistry of hot springs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Nature. Vol. 335(6190), pp. 514-519.
BibTeX:
@article{Campbell1988,
  author = {Campbell, A C and Palmer, M R and Klinkhammer, G P and Bowers, T S and Edmond, J M and Lawrence, J R and Casey, J F and Thompson, G and Humphris, S E and Rona, P A and Karson, J A},
  title = {Chemistry of hot springs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {335},
  number = {6190},
  pages = {514--519},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335514a0},
  doi = {10.1038/335514a0}
}
Cary SC, Fisher CR and Felbeck H (1988), "Mussel growth supported by methane as sole carbon and energy source", Science. Vol. 240(4848), pp. 78-80.
BibTeX:
@article{Cary1988,
  author = {Cary, S C and Fisher, C R and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Mussel growth supported by methane as sole carbon and energy source},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {240},
  number = {4848},
  pages = {78--80},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.240.4848.78},
  doi = {10.1126/science.240.4848.78}
}
Chandler RS (1988), "DSV Alvin dive log 1964-88", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Chandler1988,
  author = {Chandler, R S},
  title = {DSV Alvin dive log 1964-88},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {var.}
}
Childress JJ (1988), "Biology and chemistry of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Galapagos Rift; the Rose Garden in 1985. Introduction", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1677-1680.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1988,
  author = {Childress, J J},
  title = {Biology and chemistry of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Galapagos Rift; the Rose Garden in 1985. Introduction},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1677--1680},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90043-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90043-X}
}
Choukroune P, Francheteau J, Auvray B, Auzende JM, Brun JP, Sichler B, Arthaud F and Lepine JC (1988), "Tectonics of an incipient oceanic rift", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 9(2), pp. 147-163.
BibTeX:
@article{Choukroune1988,
  author = {Choukroune, P and Francheteau, J and Auvray, B and Auzende, J M and Brun, J P and Sichler, B and Arthaud, F and Lepine, J C},
  title = {Tectonics of an incipient oceanic rift},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--163},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369246},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00369246}
}
Culver SJ, Brunner CA and Nittrouer CA (1988), "Observations of a fast burst of the deep western boundary undercurrent and sediment transport in South Wilmington Canyon from DSRVAlvin", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 8(3), pp. 159-165.
BibTeX:
@article{Culver1988,
  author = {Culver, S J and Brunner, C A and Nittrouer, C A},
  title = {Observations of a fast burst of the deep western boundary undercurrent and sediment transport in South Wilmington Canyon from DSRVAlvin},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {159--165},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326092},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02326092}
}
Distel DL, Lane DJ, Olsen GJ, Giovannoni SJ, Pace B, Pace NR, Stahl DA and Felbeck H (1988), "Sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts: analysis of phylogeny, specificity, and origins by 16S ribosomal RNA sequences", Journal of Bacteriology. Vol. 170(6), pp. 2506-2510.
BibTeX:
@article{Distel1988,
  author = {Distel, D L and Lane, D J and Olsen, G J and Giovannoni, S J and Pace, B and Pace, N R and Stahl, D A and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts: analysis of phylogeny, specificity, and origins by 16S ribosomal RNA sequences},
  journal = {Journal of Bacteriology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {170},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2506--2510},
  url = {http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/170/6/2506}
}
Dymond J and Roth S (1988), "Plume dispersal hydrothermal particles: a time-series record of settling flux from the Endeavour Ridge using moored sensors", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 52(10), pp. 2525-2536.
BibTeX:
@article{Dymond1988,
  author = {Dymond, J and Roth, S},
  title = {Plume dispersal hydrothermal particles: a time-series record of settling flux from the Endeavour Ridge using moored sensors},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {52},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2525--2536},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90310-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90310-9}
}
Embley RW, Jonasson IR, Pefit MR, Franklin JM, Tivey MA, Malahoff A, Smith MF and Francis TJG (1988), "Submersible investigation of an extinct hydrothermal system on the Galapagos Ridge: Sulfide mounds, stockwork zone and differentiated lavas", Canadian Mineralogist. Vol. 26(3), pp. 517-539.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1988,
  author = {Embley, R W and Jonasson, I R and Pefit, M R and Franklin, J M and Tivey, M A and Malahoff, A and Smith, M F and Francis, T J G},
  title = {Submersible investigation of an extinct hydrothermal system on the Galapagos Ridge: Sulfide mounds, stockwork zone and differentiated lavas},
  journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {517--539}
}
Embley RW, Hammond S, Murphy KM, Fox CG, Appelgate B, Massoth GJ, Feely RA, Baker ET, Gendron J, Lebon G, Butterfield DA, Coughlin B, Lupton JE, Jonnason I, Perfit MR, Cowen JP, Tunnicliffe V and Trivett DA (1988), "Submersible observation of the 'megaplume' areas: Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge", EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 69, pp. 1483.
BibTeX:
@article{Embley1988a,
  author = {Embley, R W and Hammond, S and Murphy, K M and Fox, C G and Appelgate, B and Massoth, G J and Feely, R A and Baker, E T and Gendron, J and Lebon, G and Butterfield, D A and Coughlin, B and Lupton, J E and Jonnason, I and Perfit, M R and Cowen, J P and Tunnicliffe, V and Trivett, D A},
  title = {Submersible observation of the 'megaplume' areas: Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {1483}
}
Felbeck H and Childress JJ (1988), "Riftia pachyptila: a highly integrated symbiosis", Oceanologica Acta. (Special Iss. 8), pp. 131-138.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1988,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Childress, J J},
  title = {Riftia pachyptila: a highly integrated symbiosis},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {1988},
  number = {Special Iss. 8},
  pages = {131--138}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Arp AJ, Brooks JM, Distel D, Favuzzi JA, Macko SA, Newton A, Powell MA, Somero GN and Soto T (1988), "Physiology, morphology, and biochemical composition of Riftia pachyptila at Rose Garden in 1985", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1745-1758.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1988,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Brooks, J M and Distel, D and Favuzzi, J A and Macko, S A and Newton, A and Powell, M A and Somero, G N and Soto, T},
  title = {Physiology, morphology, and biochemical composition of Riftia pachyptila at Rose Garden in 1985},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1745--1758},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90047-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90047-7}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Arp AJ, Brooks JM, Distel DL, Dugan JA, Felbeck H, Fritz LW, Hessler RR, Johnson KS, Kennicutt MC, Lutz RA, Macko SA, Newton A, Powell MA, Somero GN and Soto T (1988), "Variation in the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogena magnifica, at Rose Garden vent on the Galapagos Spreading center", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1811-1832.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1988a,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Brooks, J M and Distel, D L and Dugan, J A and Felbeck, H and Fritz, L W and Hessler, R R and Johnson, K S and Kennicutt, M C and Lutz, R A and Macko, S A and Newton, A and Powell, M A and Somero, G N and Soto, T},
  title = {Variation in the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogena magnifica, at Rose Garden vent on the Galapagos Spreading center},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1811--1832},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90051-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90051-9}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Arp AJ, Brooks JM, Distel DL, Favuzzi JA, Felbeck H, Hessler RR, Johnson KS, Kennicutt MC, Macko SA, Newton A, Powell MA, Somero GN and Soto T (1988), "Microhabitat variation in the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, at Rose Garden", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1769-1791.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1988b,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Brooks, J M and Distel, D L and Favuzzi, J A and Felbeck, H and Hessler, R R and Johnson, K S and Kennicutt, M C and Macko, S A and Newton, A and Powell, M A and Somero, G N and Soto, T},
  title = {Microhabitat variation in the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, at Rose Garden},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1769--1791},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90049-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90049-0}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ and Sanders NK (1988), "The role of vestimentiferan hemoglobin in providing an environment suitable for chemoautotrophic sulfide oxidizing endosymbionts", Symbiosis. Vol. 5(3), pp. 229-246.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1988c,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Sanders, N K},
  title = {The role of vestimentiferan hemoglobin in providing an environment suitable for chemoautotrophic sulfide oxidizing endosymbionts},
  journal = {Symbiosis},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--246}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Allan JF and Batiza R (1988), "Small-scale heterogeneities in depleted mantle sources: near-ridge seamount lava geochemistry and implications for mid-ocean-ridge magmatic processes", Nature. Vol. 331(6156), pp. 511-513.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1988,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Allan, J F and Batiza, R},
  title = {Small-scale heterogeneities in depleted mantle sources: near-ridge seamount lava geochemistry and implications for mid-ocean-ridge magmatic processes},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {331},
  number = {6156},
  pages = {511--513},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331511a0},
  doi = {10.1038/331511a0}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Allan JF, Batiza R, Haymon R, Barone A, Ryan WBF, Smith T, Simkin T and Luckman MA (1988), "Geochemical and structural studies of the Lamont seamounts: seamounts as indicators of mantle processes", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 89(1), pp. 63-67,70-83.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1988a,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Allan, J F and Batiza, R and Haymon, R and Barone, A and Ryan, W B F and Smith, T and Simkin, T and Luckman, M A},
  title = {Geochemical and structural studies of the Lamont seamounts: seamounts as indicators of mantle processes},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {89},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--67,70--83},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90033-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(88)90033-7}
}
Fox CG, Murphy KM and Embley RW (1988), "Automated display and statistical analysis of interpreted deep-sea bottom photographs", Marine Geology. Vol. 78(3-4), pp. 199-216.
BibTeX:
@article{Fox1988,
  author = {Fox, C G and Murphy, K M and Embley, R W},
  title = {Automated display and statistical analysis of interpreted deep-sea bottom photographs},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {78},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {199--216},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90109-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(88)90109-0}
}
Graham DW, Zindler A, Kurz MD, Jenkins WJ, Batiza R and Staudigel H (1988), "He, Pb, Sr and Nd isotope constraints on magma genesis and mantle heterogeneity beneath young Pacific seamounts", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. Vol. 99(4), pp. 446-463.
BibTeX:
@article{Graham1988,
  author = {Graham, D W and Zindler, A and Kurz, M D and Jenkins, W J and Batiza, R and Staudigel, H},
  title = {He, Pb, Sr and Nd isotope constraints on magma genesis and mantle heterogeneity beneath young Pacific seamounts},
  journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {99},
  number = {4},
  pages = {446--463},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371936},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00371936}
}
Hessler R, Lonsdale P, Hawkins J and MacQuitty M (1988), "Patterns on the ocean floor", New Scientist. Vol. 117(1605), pp. 47-51.
BibTeX:
@article{Hessler1988,
  author = {Hessler, R and Lonsdale, P and Hawkins, J and MacQuitty, M},
  title = {Patterns on the ocean floor},
  journal = {New Scientist},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {117},
  number = {1605},
  pages = {47--51}
}
Hessler RR, Smithey WM, Boudrias MA, Keller CH, Lutz RA and Childress JJ (1988), "Temporal change in megafauna at the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent (Galapagos Rift; eastern tropical Pacific)", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1681-1710.
BibTeX:
@article{Hessler1988a,
  author = {Hessler, R R and Smithey, W M and Boudrias, M A and Keller, C H and Lutz, R A and Childress, J J},
  title = {Temporal change in megafauna at the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent (Galapagos Rift; eastern tropical Pacific)},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1681--1710},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90044-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90044-1}
}
Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO, Molyneaux SJ and Langworthy TA (1988), "Extremely thermophilic fermentative archaebacteria of the genus Desulfurococcus from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 54(5), pp. 1203-1209.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1988,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Molyneaux, S J and Langworthy, T A},
  title = {Extremely thermophilic fermentative archaebacteria of the genus Desulfurococcus from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {54},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1203--1209},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/5/1203}
}
Jannasch HW (1988), "Life at deep sea hydrothermal vents", Forhandlingen Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs. Vol. 1988, pp. 75-93.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1988a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Life at deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Forhandlingen Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {1988},
  pages = {75--93}
}
Johnson KS, Childress JJ and Beehler CL (1988), "Short term temperature variability in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field: an unstable deep-sea environment", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1711-1722.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1988,
  author = {Johnson, K S and Childress, J J and Beehler, C L},
  title = {Short term temperature variability in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field: an unstable deep-sea environment},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1711--1722},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90045-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90045-3}
}
Johnson KS, Childress JJ, Hessler RR, Sakamoto-Arnold CM and Beehler CL (1988), "Chemical and biological interactions in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field, Galapagos spreading center", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(10-11), pp. 1723-1744..
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1988a,
  author = {Johnson, K S and Childress, J J and Hessler, R R and Sakamoto-Arnold, C M and Beehler, C L},
  title = {Chemical and biological interactions in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field, Galapagos spreading center},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {10-11},
  pages = {1723--1744.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90046-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90046-5}
}
Kadko D and Moore W (1988), "Radiochemical constraints on the crustal residence time of submarine hydrothermal fluids: Endeavour Ridge", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 52(3), pp. 659-668.
BibTeX:
@article{Kadko1988,
  author = {Kadko, D and Moore, W},
  title = {Radiochemical constraints on the crustal residence time of submarine hydrothermal fluids: Endeavour Ridge},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {52},
  number = {3},
  pages = {659--668},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90328-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90328-6}
}
Karl DM, Taylor GT, Novitsky JA, Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO, Pace NR, Lane DJ, Olsen GJ and Giovannoni SJ (1988), "A microbiological study of Guaymas Basin high temperature hydrothermal vents", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(5), pp. 777-791.
BibTeX:
@article{Karl1988,
  author = {Karl, D M and Taylor, G T and Novitsky, J A and Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Pace, N R and Lane, D J and Olsen, G J and Giovannoni, S J},
  title = {A microbiological study of Guaymas Basin high temperature hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {5},
  pages = {777--791},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90030-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90030-1}
}
Karson JA and Brown JR (1988), "Geologic setting of the Snake Pit Hydrothermal Site: An active vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 10(1-2), pp. 91-107.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1988,
  author = {Karson, J A and Brown, J R},
  title = {Geologic setting of the Snake Pit Hydrothermal Site: An active vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {91--107},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424662},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02424662}
}
Kennedy BM (1988), "Noble gases in vent water from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 52(7), pp. 1929-1935.
BibTeX:
@article{Kennedy1988,
  author = {Kennedy, B M},
  title = {Noble gases in vent water from the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {52},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1929--1935},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90016-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90016-6}
}
Kleinrock MC (1988), "Detailed structural studies of the propagator system near 95.5 degrees W along the Galapagos spreading axis" San Diego, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 322. University of California, San Diego.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Kleinrock1988,
  author = {Kleinrock, M C},
  title = {Detailed structural studies of the propagator system near 95.5 degrees W along the Galapagos spreading axis},
  publisher = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {322}
}
LeHuray AP, Church SE, Koski RA and Bouse RM (1988), "Pb isotope ratios in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites", Geology. Vol. 16(4), pp. 362-365.
BibTeX:
@article{LeHuray1988,
  author = {LeHuray, A P and Church, S E and Koski, R A and Bouse, R M},
  title = {Pb isotope ratios in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {362--365},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016%3C0362:PIISFM%3E2.3.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0362:PIISFM>2.3.CO;2}
}
Levin LA and Thomas CL (1988), "The ecology of xenophyophores (Protista) on Eastern Pacific seamounts", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(12), pp. 2003-2027.
BibTeX:
@article{Levin1988,
  author = {Levin, L A and Thomas, C L},
  title = {The ecology of xenophyophores (Protista) on Eastern Pacific seamounts},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2003--2027},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90122-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90122-7}
}
Little SA, Stolzenbach KD and Grassle JF (1988), "Tidal current effects on temperature measurements in diffuse hydrothermal flow: Guaymas Basin", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 15(13), pp. 1491-1494.
BibTeX:
@article{Little1988,
  author = {Little, S A and Stolzenbach, K D and Grassle, J F},
  title = {Tidal current effects on temperature measurements in diffuse hydrothermal flow: Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {15},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1491--1494},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL015i013p01491},
  doi = {10.1029/GL015i013p01491}
}
Mayer LA, Shor AN, Clarke JH and Piper DJW (1988), "Dense biological communities at 3850 m on the Laurentian Fan and their relationship to the deposits of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(8), pp. 1235-1246.
BibTeX:
@article{Mayer1988,
  author = {Mayer, L A and Shor, A N and Clarke, J H and Piper, D J W},
  title = {Dense biological communities at 3850 m on the Laurentian Fan and their relationship to the deposits of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1235--1246},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90079-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90079-9}
}
McConachy TF (1988), "Hydrothermal plumes over spreading ridges and related deposits in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: the East Pacific Rise near 11 degrees N and 21 degrees N, Explorer Ridge and J. Tuzo Wilson seamounts" Toronoto, Ont., Canada Vol. Ph.D., pp. 403. University of Toronto.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{McConachy1988,
  author = {McConachy, T F},
  title = {Hydrothermal plumes over spreading ridges and related deposits in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: the East Pacific Rise near 11 degrees N and 21 degrees N, Explorer Ridge and J. Tuzo Wilson seamounts},
  publisher = {University of Toronto},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {403}
}
Mullineaux LS (1988), "The role of settlement in structuring a hard-substratum community in the deep sea", Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Vol. 120(3), pp. 247-261.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullineaux1988,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {The role of settlement in structuring a hard-substratum community in the deep sea},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {120},
  number = {3},
  pages = {247--261},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(88)90005-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0022-0981(88)90005-6}
}
Mullineaux LS, Butman CA and Fuller CF (1988), "Effects of boundary-layer flow on the settlement of organisms onto flatplates: preliminary results from Cross Seamount", In Global venting, midwater, and benthic ecological processes. Rockville, Md. (88-4), pp. 251-264. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Office of Undersea Research.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mullineaux1988a,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S and Butman, C A and Fuller, C F},
  editor = {De Luca, M P},
  title = {Effects of boundary-layer flow on the settlement of organisms onto flatplates: preliminary results from Cross Seamount},
  booktitle = {Global venting, midwater, and benthic ecological processes},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Office of Undersea Research},
  year = {1988},
  number = {88-4},
  pages = {251--264}
}
Okutani T and Ohta S (1988), "Mariana haiko no nessui funshutsuko ni sumu fukusokurui no ichi shinshu. A new gastropod mollusk associated with hydrothermal vents in the Mariana Back-Arc Basin, western Pacific", Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology. Vol. 47(1), pp. 1-9.
BibTeX:
@article{Okutani1988,
  author = {Okutani, T and Ohta, S},
  title = {Mariana haiko no nessui funshutsuko ni sumu fukusokurui no ichi shinshu. A new gastropod mollusk associated with hydrothermal vents in the Mariana Back-Arc Basin, western Pacific},
  journal = {Venus the Japanese Journal of Malacology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--9}
}
Prince RC, Stokley KE, Haith CE and Jannasch HW (1988), "The cytochromes of a marine Beggiatoa", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 150(2), pp. 193-196.
BibTeX:
@article{Prince1988,
  author = {Prince, R C and Stokley, K E and Haith, C E and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {The cytochromes of a marine Beggiatoa},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {150},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193--196},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425161},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00425161}
}
Roonwal GS and Mitra A (1988), "Hydrothermal sulphide mineralization on seafloor spreading centres", Indian Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 17(4), pp. 249-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Roonwal1988,
  author = {Roonwal, G S and Mitra, A},
  title = {Hydrothermal sulphide mineralization on seafloor spreading centres},
  journal = {Indian Journal of Marine Science},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {249--257}
}
Saint LM (1988), "Les megalopodes et jeunes stades crabe de trois especes du genre Bythograea Williams 1980 (Crustacea Decapoda Branchyura) = Megalopae and early crab stages of three species of the genus Bythograea Williams, 1980 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)", In De Colloque Les Sources Hydrothermales De La Ride Du Pacifique Oriental. Biologie et Ecologie Paris 4-7 November 1985.. Montrouge, France (8), pp. 99-107. Gauthier-Villars.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Saint1988,
  author = {Saint, L M},
  title = {Les megalopodes et jeunes stades crabe de trois especes du genre Bythograea Williams 1980 (Crustacea Decapoda Branchyura) = Megalopae and early crab stages of three species of the genus Bythograea Williams, 1980 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)},
  booktitle = {De Colloque Les Sources Hydrothermales De La Ride Du Pacifique Oriental. Biologie et Ecologie Paris 4-7 November 1985.},
  publisher = {Gauthier-Villars},
  year = {1988},
  number = {8},
  pages = {99--107}
}
Sanders NK, Arp AJ and Childress JJ (1988), "Oxygen binding characteristics of the hemocyanins of two deep-sea hydrothermal vent crustaceans", Respiration Physiology. Vol. 71(1), pp. 57-67.
BibTeX:
@article{Sanders1988,
  author = {Sanders, N K and Arp, A J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Oxygen binding characteristics of the hemocyanins of two deep-sea hydrothermal vent crustaceans},
  journal = {Respiration Physiology},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--67},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(88)90115-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0034-5687(88)90115-6}
}
Stein JL, Cary SC, Childress JJ, Hessler RR, Ohta S, Vetter RD and Felbeck H (1988), "Chemoautotrophic symbiosis in a hydrothermal vent gastropod", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 174(3), pp. 373-378.
BibTeX:
@article{Stein1988,
  author = {Stein, J L and Cary, S C and Childress, J J and Hessler, R R and Ohta, S and Vetter, R D and Felbeck, H},
  title = {Chemoautotrophic symbiosis in a hydrothermal vent gastropod},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {174},
  number = {3},
  pages = {373--378},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/174/3/373}
}
Triantafyllou MS, Engebretsen K, Burgess JJ, Yoerger DR and Grosenbaugh MA (1988), "A full-scale experiment and theoretical study of the dynamics of underwater vehicles employing very long tethers", In BOSS '88 : proceedings of the International Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, Trondheim, Norway, June 1988. Trondheim, Norway Vol. 2, pp. 549-563. Tapir Publishers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Triantafyllou1988,
  author = {Triantafyllou, M S and Engebretsen, K and Burgess, J J and Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A},
  editor = {Moan, T},
  title = {A full-scale experiment and theoretical study of the dynamics of underwater vehicles employing very long tethers},
  booktitle = {BOSS '88 : proceedings of the International Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, Trondheim, Norway, June 1988},
  publisher = {Tapir Publishers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {549--563}
}
Uchupi E, Muck MT and Ballard RD (1988), "Geology of the Titanic site and vicinity", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 35(7), pp. 1093-1110.
BibTeX:
@article{Uchupi1988,
  author = {Uchupi, E and Muck, M T and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Geology of the Titanic site and vicinity},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {35},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1093--1110},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90002-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90002-7}
}
Uchupi E, Schwab WC, Ballard RD, Francheteau JF, Hekinian R, Blackman DK and Sigurdsson H (1988), "An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12 degrees N", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 8(3), pp. 131-138.
BibTeX:
@article{Uchupi1988a,
  author = {Uchupi, E and Schwab, W C and Ballard, R D and Francheteau, J F and Hekinian, R and Blackman, D K and Sigurdsson, H},
  title = {An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12 degrees N},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {131--138},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326089},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02326089}
}
Vine AC (1988), "Birth of Alvin", Oceanus. Vol. 31(4), pp. 10-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Vine1988,
  author = {Vine, A C},
  title = {Birth of Alvin},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {10--16}
}
Von Damm KL (1988), "Hydrothermal seawater-basalt-sediment interaction chemistry", Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 3(1), pp. 119.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1988,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Hydrothermal seawater-basalt-sediment interaction chemistry},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90083-2},
  doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(88)90083-2}
}
Von Damm KL (1988), "Systematics of and postulated controls on submarine hydrothermal solution chemistry", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 93(B5), pp. 4551-4561.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1988a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Systematics of and postulated controls on submarine hydrothermal solution chemistry},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {93},
  number = {B5},
  pages = {4551--4561},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04551},
  doi = {10.1029/JB093iB05p04551}
}
Williams CA, Nelson DC, Farah BA, Jannasch HW and Shively JM (1988), "Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase of the procaryotic symbiont of a hydrothermal tube worm: kinetics, activity and gene hybridization", FEMS Microbiology Letters. Vol. 50(2-3), pp. 107-112.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams1988,
  author = {Williams, C A and Nelson, D C and Farah, B A and Jannasch, H W and Shively, J M},
  title = {Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase of the procaryotic symbiont of a hydrothermal tube worm: kinetics, activity and gene hybridization},
  journal = {FEMS Microbiology Letters},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {107--112},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(88)90254-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0378-1097(88)90254-6}
}
Yoerger DR, Von Alt C, Newman JB, Bowen A and Hersey WJ (1988), "Design and control of Jason", In Intervention '88, April 17-20: Underwater Technology Conference, 1988. Bergen, Norway , pp. 541-553. Det norske Veritas.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1988,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Von Alt, C and Newman, J B and Bowen, A and Hersey, W J},
  editor = {Atteraas, L},
  title = {Design and control of Jason},
  booktitle = {Intervention '88, April 17-20: Underwater Technology Conference, 1988},
  publisher = {Det norske Veritas},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {541--553}
}
Yoerger DR, Grosenbaugh MA, Triantafyllou MS, Engebretsen K and Burgess J (1988), "An experimental investigation of the quasi-statics and dynamics of a long vertical tow cable", In OMAE 1988 Houston: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. New York Vol. 1, pp. 489-495. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1988a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A and Triantafyllou, M S and Engebretsen, K and Burgess, J},
  editor = {Chung, J S},
  title = {An experimental investigation of the quasi-statics and dynamics of a long vertical tow cable},
  booktitle = {OMAE 1988 Houston: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {489--495}
}
Allan JF, Batiza R and Lonsdale P (1987), "Petrology and chemistry of lavas from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise axis, 21 degrees N: implications concerning the mantle source composition for both seamount and adjacent EPR lavas", In Seamounts, islands, and atolls. Washington, D.C. (43), pp. 255-282. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Allan1987,
  author = {Allan, J F and Batiza, R and Lonsdale, P},
  editor = {Keating, B H},
  title = {Petrology and chemistry of lavas from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise axis, 21 degrees N: implications concerning the mantle source composition for both seamount and adjacent EPR lavas},
  booktitle = {Seamounts, islands, and atolls},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1987},
  number = {43},
  pages = {255--282}
}
Anderson AE, Childress JJ and Favuzzi JA (1987), "Net uptake of CO2 driven by sulfide and thiosulfate oxidatyion in the bacterial symbiont-containing clam Solemya reidi", Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 133(1), pp. 1-31.
BibTeX:
@article{Anderson1987,
  author = {Anderson, A E and Childress, J J and Favuzzi, J A},
  title = {Net uptake of CO2 driven by sulfide and thiosulfate oxidatyion in the bacterial symbiont-containing clam Solemya reidi},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {133},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--31},
  url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/133/1/1}
}
Arp AJ, Childress JJ and Vetter RD (1987), "The sulphide-binding protein in the blood of the vestimentiferan tube-worm, Riftia pachyptila, is the extracellular haemoglobin", Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 128(1), pp. 139-158.
BibTeX:
@article{Arp1987,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J and Vetter, R D},
  title = {The sulphide-binding protein in the blood of the vestimentiferan tube-worm, Riftia pachyptila, is the extracellular haemoglobin},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {128},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--158},
  url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/128/1/139}
}
Ballard RD (1987), "Epilogue for Titanic", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 172(4), pp. 454-463.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1987,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Epilogue for Titanic},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {172},
  number = {4},
  pages = {454--463}
}
Ballard RD and Archbold R (1987), "The discovery of the Titanic" New York , pp. 230. Warner Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1987a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Archbold, R},
  title = {The discovery of the Titanic},
  publisher = {Warner Books},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {230}
}
Ballard RD, von Alt C and Hersey WJ (1987), "Live deep-sea expedition video coverage planned for scientists ashore", Oceanus. Vol. 30(3), pp. 11-15.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1987b,
  author = {Ballard, R D and von Alt, C and Hersey, W J},
  title = {Live deep-sea expedition video coverage planned for scientists ashore},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11--15}
}
Borg JC (1987), "Birth of an island: Alvin explores the caldera of Loihi", Oceans. Vol. 20(4), pp. 26-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Borg1987,
  author = {Borg, J C},
  title = {Birth of an island: Alvin explores the caldera of Loihi},
  journal = {Oceans},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {26--33}
}
Brett R, Evans HT, Gibson EK, Hedenquist JW, Wandless MV and Sommer MA (1987), "Mineralogical studies of sulfide samples and volatile concentrations of basalt glasses from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11,311-373,379.
BibTeX:
@article{Brett1987,
  author = {Brett, R and Evans, H T and Gibson, E K and Hedenquist, J W and Wandless, M V and Sommer, M A},
  title = {Mineralogical studies of sulfide samples and volatile concentrations of basalt glasses from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11,311--373,379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11373},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11373}
}
Brooks JM, Kennicutt MC, Fisher CR, Macko SA, Cole K, Childress JJ, Bidigare RR and Vetter RD (1987), "Deep-sea hydrocarbon seep communities: Evidence for energy and nutritional carbon sources", Science. Vol. 238(4830), pp. 1138-1142..
BibTeX:
@article{Brooks1987,
  author = {Brooks, J M and Kennicutt, M C and Fisher, C R and Macko, S A and Cole, K and Childress, J J and Bidigare, R R and Vetter, R D},
  title = {Deep-sea hydrocarbon seep communities: Evidence for energy and nutritional carbon sources},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {238},
  number = {4830},
  pages = {1138--1142.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4830.1138},
  doi = {10.1126/science.238.4830.1138}
}
Brown JR (1987), "Variations in volcanic processes along the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 22 degrees 50'N to 23 degrees 40'N" Durham, N.C. Vol. M.S., pp. 118. Duke University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Brown1987,
  author = {Brown, J R},
  title = {Variations in volcanic processes along the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 22 degrees 50'N to 23 degrees 40'N},
  publisher = {Duke University},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {118}
}
Childress JJ (1987), "Uptake and transport of sulfide in marine invertebrates", In Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land. New York (9), pp. 231-238. Springer.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Childress1987,
  author = {Childress, J J},
  editor = {Dejours, P E},
  title = {Uptake and transport of sulfide in marine invertebrates},
  booktitle = {Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {1987},
  number = {9},
  pages = {231--238}
}
Childress JJ, Felbeck H and Somero GN (1987), "Symbiosis in the deep sea", Scientific American. Vol. 255(May), pp. 114-120.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1987a,
  author = {Childress, J J and Felbeck, H and Somero, G N},
  title = {Symbiosis in the deep sea},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {255},
  number = {May},
  pages = {114--120}
}
Commeau RF, Paull CK, Commeau JA and Poppe LJ (1987), "Chemistry and mineralogy of pyrite-enriched sediments at a passive margin sulfide brine seep: abyssal Gulf of Mexico", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 82(1), pp. 62-74.
BibTeX:
@article{Commeau1987,
  author = {Commeau, R F and Paull, C K and Commeau, J A and Poppe, L J},
  title = {Chemistry and mineralogy of pyrite-enriched sediments at a passive margin sulfide brine seep: abyssal Gulf of Mexico},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {82},
  number = {1},
  pages = {62--74},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90107-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(87)90107-5}
}
Delaney JR, Mogk DW and Mottl MJ (1987), "Quartz-cemented breccias from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Samples of a high-salinity hydrothermal upflow zone", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B), pp. 9175-9192.
BibTeX:
@article{Delaney1987,
  author = {Delaney, J R and Mogk, D W and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Quartz-cemented breccias from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Samples of a high-salinity hydrothermal upflow zone},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B},
  pages = {9175--9192},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09175},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB09p09175}
}
Feely RA, Lewison M, Massoth GJ, Robert-Baldo G, Lavelle JW, Byrne RH, Von Damm KL and Curl HC (1987), "Composition and dissolution of black smoker particulates from active vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11347-11363.
BibTeX:
@article{Feely1987,
  author = {Feely, R A and Lewison, M and Massoth, G J and Robert-Baldo, G and Lavelle, J W and Byrne, R H and Von Damm, K L and Curl, H C},
  title = {Composition and dissolution of black smoker particulates from active vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11347--11363},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11347},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11347}
}
Fisher CR, Childress JJ, Oremland RS and Bidigare RR (1987), "The importance of methane and thiosulfate in the metabolism of the bacterial symbionts of two deep-sea mussels", Marine Biology. Vol. 96(1), pp. 59-71.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1987,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Oremland, R S and Bidigare, R R},
  title = {The importance of methane and thiosulfate in the metabolism of the bacterial symbionts of two deep-sea mussels},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--71},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394838},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00394838}
}
Gannon R (1987), "Underwater canyons", Popular Science. Vol. 231(July), pp. 60(7).
BibTeX:
@article{Gannon1987,
  author = {Gannon, R},
  title = {Underwater canyons},
  journal = {Popular Science},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {231},
  number = {July},
  pages = {60(7)}
}
Graham DW, Jenkins WJ, Kurz MD and Batiza R (1987), "Helium isotopic disequilibrium geochronlogy of glassy submarine basalts", Nature. Vol. 326(6103), pp. 384-386.
BibTeX:
@article{Graham1987,
  author = {Graham, D W and Jenkins, W J and Kurz, M D and Batiza, R},
  title = {Helium isotopic disequilibrium geochronlogy of glassy submarine basalts},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {326},
  number = {6103},
  pages = {384--386},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/326384a0},
  doi = {10.1038/326384a0}
}
Guerrero-Garcia JA, Cordoba-Mendez DA and Carranza-Edwards A (1987), "Observacion geologica directa del fondo oceanico en la Costa Pacifica Oriental. (Direct deep geologic observation in the East Pacific Rise)", Boletin de Mineralogia. Vol. 3(1), pp. 31-47.
BibTeX:
@article{Guerrero-Garcia1987,
  author = {Guerrero-Garcia, J A and Cordoba-Mendez, D A and Carranza-Edwards, A},
  title = {Observacion geologica directa del fondo oceanico en la Costa Pacifica Oriental. (Direct deep geologic observation in the East Pacific Rise)},
  journal = {Boletin de Mineralogia},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--47}
}
Hegner E and Tatsumoto M (1987), "Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in basalts and sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11,311-380,386.
BibTeX:
@article{Hegner1987,
  author = {Hegner, E and Tatsumoto, M},
  title = {Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in basalts and sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11,311--380,386},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11380},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11380}
}
Holcomb RT, Kappel ES and Ross SL (1987), "Dive report: Alvin dive No. 1461, September 28, 1984 (JD 272) plume site, southern Juan de Fuca Rift", In USGS open-file report. Menlo Park, Calif. , pp. 101. U. S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Holcomb1987,
  author = {Holcomb, R T and Kappel, E S and Ross, S L},
  title = {Dive report: Alvin dive No. 1461, September 28, 1984 (JD 272) plume site, southern Juan de Fuca Rift},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {U. S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {101}
}
Hosom DS, Forrester NC and Walden BB (1987), "Alvin -- 120 VDC/28 VDC electrical system", In Oceans '87 Proceedings: The ocean, an international workplace; Halifax, N.S. (Canada), 28 Sep-1 Oct 1987. New York, N.Y. Vol. 3, pp. 1272-1277. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hosom1987,
  author = {Hosom, D S and Forrester, N C and Walden, B B},
  title = {Alvin -- 120 VDC/28 VDC electrical system},
  booktitle = {Oceans '87 Proceedings: The ocean, an international workplace; Halifax, N.S. (Canada), 28 Sep-1 Oct 1987},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1272--1277},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160638},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160638}
}
Jannasch HW, Caldwell DE and Buonocore V (1987), "Biology of geothermal environments", In Current Perspectives in Environmental Biogeochemistry. Rome , pp. 597-601. CNR-IPRA.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1987,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Caldwell, D E and Buonocore, V},
  editor = {Giovannozzi-Sermanni, G},
  title = {Biology of geothermal environments},
  booktitle = {Current Perspectives in Environmental Biogeochemistry},
  publisher = {CNR-IPRA},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {597--601}
}
Karson JA (1987), "Factors controlling the orientation of dykes in ophiolites and oceanic crust", In Mafic dyke swarms: A collection of papers based on the proceedings of an international conference held at Erindale College, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 4 to 7, 1985. St. John's, Nfld., Canada (34), pp. 229-241. Geological Association of Canada.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1987,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Halls, H C},
  title = {Factors controlling the orientation of dykes in ophiolites and oceanic crust},
  booktitle = {Mafic dyke swarms: A collection of papers based on the proceedings of an international conference held at Erindale College, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 4 to 7, 1985},
  publisher = {Geological Association of Canada},
  year = {1987},
  number = {34},
  pages = {229--241}
}
Karson JA, Thompson G, Humphris SE, Edmond JM, Bryan WB, Brown JR, Winters AT, Pockalny RA, Casey JF, Campbell AC, Klinkhammer G, Palmer MR, Kinzler RJ and Sulanowska MM (1987), "Along-axis variations in seafloor spreading in the MARK area", Nature. Vol. 328(6132), pp. 681-685.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1987a,
  author = {Karson, J A and Thompson, G and Humphris, S E and Edmond, J M and Bryan, W B and Brown, J R and Winters, A T and Pockalny, R A and Casey, J F and Campbell, A C and Klinkhammer, G and Palmer, M R and Kinzler, R J and Sulanowska, M M},
  title = {Along-axis variations in seafloor spreading in the MARK area},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {328},
  number = {6132},
  pages = {681--685},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/328681a0},
  doi = {10.1038/328681a0}
}
Karson JA and Elthon DL (1987), "Evidence for variations in magma production along spreading centers: a critical appraisal", Geology. Vol. 15(2), pp. 127-131.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1987b,
  author = {Karson, J A and Elthon, D L},
  title = {Evidence for variations in magma production along spreading centers: a critical appraisal},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--131},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15%3C127:EFVIMP%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<127:EFVIMP>2.0.CO;2}
}
Kawka OE and Simoneit BRT (1987), "Survey of hydrothermally-generated petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center", Organic Geochemistry. Vol. 11(4), pp. 311-328.
BibTeX:
@article{Kawka1987,
  author = {Kawka, O E and Simoneit, B R T},
  title = {Survey of hydrothermally-generated petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center},
  journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {311--328},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90042-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0146-6380(87)90042-8}
}
Kovacs D (1987), "A day underwater" New York , pp. 32. Scholastic.
BibTeX:
@book{Kovacs1987,
  author = {Kovacs, D},
  title = {A day underwater},
  publisher = {Scholastic},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {32}
}
Little SA, Stolzenbach KD and Von Herzen RP (1987), "Measurements of plume flow from a hydrothermal vent field", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B3), pp. 2587-2596.
BibTeX:
@article{Little1987,
  author = {Little, S A and Stolzenbach, K D and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Measurements of plume flow from a hydrothermal vent field},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {2587--2596},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB03p02587},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB03p02587}
}
Morton JL, Holmes ML and Koski RA (1987), "Volcanism and massive sulfide formation at a sedimented spreading center, Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 14(7), pp. 769-772.
BibTeX:
@article{Morton1987,
  author = {Morton, J L and Holmes, M L and Koski, R A},
  title = {Volcanism and massive sulfide formation at a sedimented spreading center, Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {14},
  number = {7},
  pages = {769--772},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL014i007p00769},
  doi = {10.1029/GL014i007p00769}
}
Mullineaux LS (1987), "The epifaunal communities of manganese nodules" San Diego, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 218. University of California, San Diego.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Mullineaux1987,
  author = {Mullineaux, L S},
  title = {The epifaunal communities of manganese nodules},
  publisher = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {218}
}
Newman JB (1987), "Jason Junior's control system", In Intervention '87 Conference and Exposition. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 194-199. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Newman1987,
  author = {Newman, J B},
  title = {Jason Junior's control system},
  booktitle = {Intervention '87 Conference and Exposition},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {194--199}
}
Normark WR, Morton JL and Ross SL (1987), "Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin Program", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11,211-283,290.
BibTeX:
@article{Normark1987,
  author = {Normark, W R and Morton, J L and Ross, S L},
  title = {Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin Program},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11,211--283,290},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11283},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11283}
}
Philpotts JA, Aruscavage PJ and Von Damm KL (1987), "Uniformity and diversity in the composition of mineralizing fluids from hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11,311-327,333.
BibTeX:
@article{Philpotts1987,
  author = {Philpotts, J A and Aruscavage, P J and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Uniformity and diversity in the composition of mineralizing fluids from hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11,311--327,333},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11327},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11327}
}
Slotine JJE and Yoerger DR (1987), "An inverse kinematic algorthim for manipulators with redundant degrees of freedom", International Journal of Robotics and Automation. Vol. 2(2), pp. 86-89.
BibTeX:
@article{Slotine1987,
  author = {Slotine, J J E and Yoerger, D R},
  title = {An inverse kinematic algorthim for manipulators with redundant degrees of freedom},
  journal = {International Journal of Robotics and Automation},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {86--89}
}
Smith KL, Carlucci AF, Jahnke RA and Craven DB (1987), "Organic carbon mineralization in the Santa Catalina Basin: benthic boundary layer metabolism", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 34(2), pp. 185-211.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1987,
  author = {Smith, K L and Carlucci, A F and Jahnke, R A and Craven, D B},
  title = {Organic carbon mineralization in the Santa Catalina Basin: benthic boundary layer metabolism},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--211},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(87)90081-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(87)90081-1}
}
Smith KL (1987), "Food energy supply and demand: A discrepancy between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption in the deep ocean", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 32(1), pp. 201-220.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1987a,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Food energy supply and demand: A discrepancy between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption in the deep ocean},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {201--220},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol32/issue1/0201.pdf}
}
Smith TL (1987), "Geology and volcanic development of a near-ridge seamount and new evidence for the diversity of origin of seamount hyaloclastites: results from integrated Alvin/Angus and laboratory study" St. Louis, Mo. Vol. M.A., pp. 480. Washington University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Smith1987b,
  author = {Smith, T L},
  title = {Geology and volcanic development of a near-ridge seamount and new evidence for the diversity of origin of seamount hyaloclastites: results from integrated Alvin/Angus and laboratory study},
  publisher = {Washington University},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {M.A.},
  pages = {480}
}
U.S. Congress OoTA (1987), "Marine minerals: Exploring our new ocean frontier" Washington, D.C. , pp. 349. U.S. Government Printing Office.
BibTeX:
@book{U.S.Congress1987,
  author = {U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment},
  title = {Marine minerals: Exploring our new ocean frontier},
  publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Office},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {349},
  url = {http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS27719}
}
Van Dover CL, Franks P and Ballard RD (1987), "Prediction of hydrothermal vent locations from distributions of brachyuran crabs", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 32(4), pp. 1006-1010.
BibTeX:
@article{VanDover1987,
  author = {Van Dover, C L and Franks, P and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Prediction of hydrothermal vent locations from distributions of brachyuran crabs},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1006--1010},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol32/issue4/1006.pdf}
}
Von Alt C, Bowen AD and Bergeron EM (1987), "Jason Junior: System design and deep submergence vehicle interface", In Intervention '87 Conference and Exposition. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 200-208. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonAlt1987,
  author = {Von Alt, C and Bowen, A D and Bergeron, E M},
  title = {Jason Junior: System design and deep submergence vehicle interface},
  booktitle = {Intervention '87 Conference and Exposition},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {200--208}
}
Von Damm KL and Bischoff JL (1987), "Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 92(B11), pp. 11,311-334,346.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1987,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Bischoff, J L},
  title = {Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {92},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {11,311--334,346},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11334},
  doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11334}
}
Walden BB (1987), "Recovery of low-level radioactive waste packages from deep ocean disposal sites", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 87-14, pp. 39. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Walden1987,
  author = {Walden, B B},
  title = {Recovery of low-level radioactive waste packages from deep ocean disposal sites},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {87-14},
  pages = {39}
}
Wallace J (1987), "The deep sea" New York , pp. 143. Gallery Books.
BibTeX:
@book{Wallace1987,
  author = {Wallace, J},
  title = {The deep sea},
  publisher = {Gallery Books},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {143}
}
Ballard RD (1986), "A long last look at Titanic", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 170(6), pp. 697-727.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1986,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {A long last look at Titanic},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {170},
  number = {6},
  pages = {697--727}
}
Belkin S, Nelson DC and Jannasch HW (1986), "Symbiotic assimilation of CO2 in two hydrothermal vent animals, the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus and the tube worm Riftia pachyptila", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 170(1), pp. 110-121.
BibTeX:
@article{Belkin1986,
  author = {Belkin, S and Nelson, D C and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Symbiotic assimilation of CO2 in two hydrothermal vent animals, the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus and the tube worm Riftia pachyptila},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {170},
  number = {1},
  pages = {110--121},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/170/1/110}
}
Booda LL (1986), "Camera advances set for July Titanic expedition", Sea Technology. Vol. 27(1), pp. 60.
BibTeX:
@article{Booda1986,
  author = {Booda, L L},
  title = {Camera advances set for July Titanic expedition},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {60}
}
Brewer PG (1986), "Alvin '86: A Report on the Program's Status, Special Alvin Study Committee" Alexandria, Va. , pp. 40. University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS).
BibTeX:
@book{Brewer1986,
  author = {Brewer, P G},
  title = {Alvin '86: A Report on the Program's Status, Special Alvin Study Committee},
  publisher = {University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {40}
}
Carranza-Edwards A, Hoz LR, Orozco YH, Cabral MGV and Santa Cruz RL (1986), "Sulfuros metalicos submarinos al sur de la peninsula de Baja California, Mexico", Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.. Vol. 13(1), pp. 287-296.
BibTeX:
@article{Carranza-Edwards1986,
  author = {Carranza-Edwards, A and Hoz, L R and Orozco, Y H and Cabral, M G V and Santa Cruz, R L},
  title = {Sulfuros metalicos submarinos al sur de la peninsula de Baja California, Mexico},
  journal = {Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {287--296}
}
Chen JH, Wasserburg GJ, von Damm KL and Edmond JM (1986), "The U-Th-Pb systematics in hot springs on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and Guaymas Basin", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 50(11), pp. 2467-2479.
BibTeX:
@article{Chen1986,
  author = {Chen, J H and Wasserburg, G J and von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M},
  title = {The U-Th-Pb systematics in hot springs on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {50},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2467--2479},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90030-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(86)90030-X}
}
Childress JJ, Fisher CR, Brooks JM, Kennicutt M C II, Bidigare R and Anderson AE (1986), "A methanotrophic marine molluscan (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) symbiosis: mussels fueled by gas", Science. Vol. 233(4768), pp. 1306-1308.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1986,
  author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Brooks, J M and II, Kennicutt M C and Bidigare, R and Anderson, A E},
  title = {A methanotrophic marine molluscan (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) symbiosis: mussels fueled by gas},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {233},
  number = {4768},
  pages = {1306--1308},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4770.1306},
  doi = {10.1126/science.233.4770.1306}
}
Earle SA (1986), "Microsubmersibles: Putting more scientists in deep water", Sea Technology. Vol. 27(12), pp. 14-21.
BibTeX:
@article{Earle1986,
  author = {Earle, S A},
  title = {Microsubmersibles: Putting more scientists in deep water},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {27},
  number = {12},
  pages = {14--21}
}
Fiala G, Stetter KO, Jannasch HW, Langworthy TA and Madon J (1986), "Staphylothermus marinus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of extremely thermophilic submarine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing up to 98C", Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Vol. 8(1-2), pp. 106-113.
BibTeX:
@article{Fiala1986,
  author = {Fiala, G and Stetter, K O and Jannasch, H W and Langworthy, T A and Madon, J},
  title = {Staphylothermus marinus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of extremely thermophilic submarine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing up to 98C},
  journal = {Systematic and Applied Microbiology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {106--113}
}
Fisher CR and Childress JJ (1986), "Translocation of fixed carbon from symbiotic bacteria to host tissues in the gutless bivalve Solemya reidi", Marine Biology. Vol. 93(1), pp. 59-68.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1986,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J},
  title = {Translocation of fixed carbon from symbiotic bacteria to host tissues in the gutless bivalve Solemya reidi},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--68},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428655},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00428655}
}
Gente P, Auzende JM, Renard V, Fouquet Y and Bideau D (1986), "Detailed geological mapping by submersible of the East Pacific Rise axial graben near 13 degrees N", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 78(2-3), pp. 224-236.
BibTeX:
@article{Gente1986,
  author = {Gente, P and Auzende, J M and Renard, V and Fouquet, Y and Bideau, D},
  title = {Detailed geological mapping by submersible of the East Pacific Rise axial graben near 13 degrees N},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {78},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {224--236},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90063-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(86)90063-4}
}
Gowing MM and Wishner KF (1986), "Trophic relationships of deep-sea calanoid copepods from the benthic boundary layer of the Santa Catalina Basin, California", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 33(7), pp. 939-961.
BibTeX:
@article{Gowing1986,
  author = {Gowing, M M and Wishner, K F},
  title = {Trophic relationships of deep-sea calanoid copepods from the benthic boundary layer of the Santa Catalina Basin, California},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {33},
  number = {7},
  pages = {939--961},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90008-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(86)90008-7}
}
Group USGSJdFS, Normark WR, Morton JL, Bischoff JL, Brett R, Holcomb RT, Kappel ES, Koski RA, Ross SL, Shanks WC, Slack JF, Von Damm KL and Zierenberg RA (1986), "Submarine fissure eruptions and hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge; preliminary observations from the submersible Alvin", Geology. Vol. 14(10), pp. 823-827.
BibTeX:
@article{Group1986,
  author = {Group, U S Geological Survey Juan de Fuca Study and Normark, W R and Morton, J L and Bischoff, J L and Brett, R and Holcomb, R T and Kappel, E S and Koski, R A and Ross, S L and Shanks, W C and Slack, J F and Von Damm, K L and Zierenberg, R A},
  title = {Submarine fissure eruptions and hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge; preliminary observations from the submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {14},
  number = {10},
  pages = {823--827},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14%3C823:SFEAHV%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<823:SFEAHV>2.0.CO;2}
}
Hey RN, Kleinrock MC, Miller SP, Atwater TM and Searle RC (1986), "Sea Beam/deep-tow investigation of an active oceanic propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees W", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 91(B3), pp. 3369-3393.
BibTeX:
@article{Hey1986,
  author = {Hey, R N and Kleinrock, M C and Miller, S P and Atwater, T M and Searle, R C},
  title = {Sea Beam/deep-tow investigation of an active oceanic propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees W},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {91},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {3369--3393},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB03p03369},
  doi = {10.1029/JB091iB03p03369}
}
Holcomb RT and Morton JL (1986), "Dive Report, Alvin Dive 1456 : Sept. 17, 1984 (JD 261), Vent 3 Area, Southern Juan de Fuca Rift", In USGS open-file report. Menlo Park, Calif. Vol. 86-0560-C, pp. 65. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Holcomb1986,
  author = {Holcomb, R T and Morton, J L},
  title = {Dive Report, Alvin Dive  1456 : Sept. 17, 1984 (JD 261), Vent 3 Area, Southern Juan de Fuca Rift},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {86-0560-C},
  pages = {65},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr86560C}
}
Johnson KS, Beehler CL and Sakamoto-Arnold CM (1986), "A submersible flow analysis system", Analytica Chimica Acta. Vol. 179, pp. 245-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1986,
  author = {Johnson, K S and Beehler, C L and Sakamoto-Arnold, C M},
  title = {A submersible flow analysis system},
  journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {179},
  pages = {245--257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84469-4},
  doi = {10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84469-4}
}
Johnson KS, Beehler CL, Sakamoto-Arnold CM and Childress JJ (1986), "In situ measurements of chemical distributions in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field", Science. Vol. 231(4742), pp. 1139-1141.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1986a,
  author = {Johnson, K S and Beehler, C L and Sakamoto-Arnold, C M and Childress, J J},
  title = {In situ measurements of chemical distributions in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {231},
  number = {4742},
  pages = {1139--1141},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4742.1139},
  doi = {10.1126/science.231.4742.1139}
}
Karson JA and Fox PJ (1986), "Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid-Cayman spreading centre; seismic velocity measurements and implications for the constitution of layer 3", Geophysical Journal International. Vol. 85(2), pp. 389-411.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1986,
  author = {Karson, J A and Fox, P J},
  title = {Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid-Cayman spreading centre; seismic velocity measurements and implications for the constitution of layer 3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {85},
  number = {2},
  pages = {389--411},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04520.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04520.x}
}
Kulm LD, Suess E, Moore JC, Carson B, Lewis BT, Ritger SD, Kadko DC, Thornburg TM, Embley RW, Rugh WD, Massoth GJ, Langseth MG, Cochrane GR and Scamman RL (1986), "Oregon subduction zone: venting, fauna, and carbonates", Science. Vol. 231(4738), pp. 561-566.
BibTeX:
@article{Kulm1986,
  author = {Kulm, L D and Suess, E and Moore, J C and Carson, B and Lewis, B T and Ritger, S D and Kadko, D C and Thornburg, T M and Embley, R W and Rugh, W D and Massoth, G J and Langseth, M G and Cochrane, G R and Scamman, R L},
  title = {Oregon subduction zone: venting, fauna, and carbonates},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {231},
  number = {4738},
  pages = {561--566},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4738.561},
  doi = {10.1126/science.231.4738.561}
}
Lemonick MD (1986), "'J.J.' tours the Titanic: Far below the waves, a versatile robot explores the great ship", Time. Vol. 128(July 28), pp. 52.
BibTeX:
@article{Lemonick1986,
  author = {Lemonick, M D},
  title = {'J.J.' tours the Titanic: Far below the waves, a versatile robot explores the great ship},
  journal = {Time},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {128},
  number = {July 28},
  pages = {52},
  url = {http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961826,00.html}
}
McConachy TF, Ballard RD, Mottl MJ and Von Herzen RP (1986), "Geologic form and setting of a hydrothermal vent field at lat 10 degrees 56'N, East Pacific Rise; a detailed study using Angus and Alvin", Geology. Vol. 14(4), pp. 295-298.
BibTeX:
@article{McConachy1986,
  author = {McConachy, T F and Ballard, R D and Mottl, M J and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Geologic form and setting of a hydrothermal vent field at lat 10 degrees 56'N, East Pacific Rise; a detailed study using Angus and Alvin},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {295--298},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14%3C295:GFASOA%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<295:GFASOA>2.0.CO;2}
}
McNutt M (1986), "Nonuniform magnetization of seamounts: A least squares approach", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 91(B3), pp. 3686-3700.
BibTeX:
@article{McNutt1986,
  author = {McNutt, M},
  title = {Nonuniform magnetization of seamounts: A least squares approach},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {91},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {3686--3700},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB03p03686},
  doi = {10.1029/JB091iB03p03686}
}
Morton JL and Ballard RD (1986), "East Pacific Rise at lat 19 degrees S: evidence for a recent ridge jump", Geology. Vol. 14(2), pp. 111-114.
BibTeX:
@article{Morton1986,
  author = {Morton, J L and Ballard, R D},
  title = {East Pacific Rise at lat 19 degrees S: evidence for a recent ridge jump},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--114},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14%3C111:EPRALS%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<111:EPRALS>2.0.CO;2}
}
Palmer DR, Rona PA and Mottl MJ (1986), "Acoustic imaging of high-temperature hydrothermal plumes at seafloor spreading centers", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Vol. 80(3), pp. 888-898.
BibTeX:
@article{Palmer1986,
  author = {Palmer, D R and Rona, P A and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Acoustic imaging of high-temperature hydrothermal plumes at seafloor spreading centers},
  journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {80},
  number = {3},
  pages = {888--898},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393912},
  doi = {10.1121/1.393912}
}
Paull CK (1986), "I. Florida escarpment: chemosynthetic communities, geochemical processes and geological consequences. II. Stable isotopic signal carriers in fine pelagic carbonates" San Diego, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 216. University of California, San Diego.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Paull1986,
  author = {Paull, C K},
  title = {I. Florida escarpment: chemosynthetic communities, geochemical processes and geological consequences. II. Stable isotopic signal carriers in fine pelagic carbonates},
  publisher = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {216}
}
Peter JM (1986), "Genesis of hydrothermal vent deposits in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: a mineralogical and geochemical study" Toronto, Ont., Canada Vol. M.S., pp. 180. University of Toronto.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Peter1986,
  author = {Peter, J M},
  title = {Genesis of hydrothermal vent deposits in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: a mineralogical and geochemical study},
  publisher = {University of Toronto},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {180}
}
Sakamoto-Arnold CM, Johnson KS and Beehler CL (1986), "Determination of hydrogen sulfide in seawater using flow injection analysis and flow analysis", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 31(4), pp. 894-900.
BibTeX:
@article{Sakamoto-Arnold1986,
  author = {Sakamoto-Arnold, C M and Johnson, K S and Beehler, C L},
  title = {Determination of hydrogen sulfide in seawater using flow injection analysis and flow analysis},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {31},
  number = {4},
  pages = {894--900},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol31/issue4/0894.pdf}
}
Smith CR (1986), "Nekton falls, low-intensity disturbance and community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep sea", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 44(3), pp. 567-600.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1986,
  author = {Smith, C R},
  title = {Nekton falls, low-intensity disturbance and community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep sea},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {44},
  number = {3},
  pages = {567--600}
}
Smith KL, Carlucci AF, Williams PM, Henrichs SM, Baldwin RJ and Graven DB (1986), "Zooplankton and bacterioplankton of an abyssal benthic boundary layer: in situ rates of metabolism", Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 9(1), pp. 47-55.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1986a,
  author = {Smith, K L and Carlucci, A F and Williams, P M and Henrichs, S M and Baldwin, R J and Graven, D B},
  title = {Zooplankton and bacterioplankton of an abyssal benthic boundary layer: in situ rates of metabolism},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--55}
}
Stanley DJ, Culver SJ and Stubblefield WL (1986), "Petrologic and foraminiferal evidence for active downslope transport in Wilmington Canyon", Marine Geology. Vol. 69(3-4), pp. 207-218.
BibTeX:
@article{Stanley1986,
  author = {Stanley, D J and Culver, S J and Stubblefield, W L},
  title = {Petrologic and foraminiferal evidence for active downslope transport in Wilmington Canyon},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {69},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {207--218},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90039-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(86)90039-3}
}
Stubblefield WL, Finkle EA and De Luca MP (1986), "NOAA's national undersea research program", In Oceans '86 Conference Record. New York, N.Y. Vol. 5, pp. 1447-1451. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stubblefield1986,
  author = {Stubblefield, W L and Finkle, E A and De Luca, M P},
  title = {NOAA's national undersea research program},
  booktitle = {Oceans '86 Conference Record},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {1447--1451},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160314},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160314}
}
Ten Hove HA and Zibrowius H (1986), "Laminatubus alvini gen. et sp.n. and Protis hydrothermica sp.n. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the bathyal hydrothermal vent communities in the eastern Pacific", Zoologica Scripta. Vol. 15(1), pp. 21-31.
BibTeX:
@article{TenHove1986,
  author = {Ten Hove, H A and Zibrowius, H},
  title = {Laminatubus alvini gen. et sp.n. and Protis hydrothermica sp.n. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the bathyal hydrothermal vent communities in the eastern Pacific},
  journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21--31},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00205.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00205.x}
}
Tivey MK and Delaney JR (1986), "Growth of large sulfide structures on the endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 77(3-4), pp. 303-317.
BibTeX:
@article{Tivey1986,
  author = {Tivey, M K and Delaney, J R},
  title = {Growth of large sulfide structures on the endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {77},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {303--317},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90142-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(86)90142-1}
}
Tyce R, Miller J, Edwards R and Silver A (1986), "Deep-ocean pathfinding -- high resolution mapping and navigation", In Oceans '86. New York, N.Y. Vol. 5, pp. 163-168. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Tyce1986,
  author = {Tyce, R and Miller, J and Edwards, R and Silver, A},
  title = {Deep-ocean pathfinding -- high resolution mapping and navigation},
  booktitle = {Oceans '86},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {163--168},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160553},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160553}
}
Von Damm KL (1986), "Geochemistry of fluids in the Guaymas Basin geothermal system", In Genesis of Stratiform Sediment-Hosted Lead and Zinc Deposits: Conference Proceedings. Stanford, Calif. (20), pp. 131-135. Stanford University Publications.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm1986,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Turner, R J W},
  title = {Geochemistry of fluids in the Guaymas Basin geothermal system},
  booktitle = {Genesis of Stratiform Sediment-Hosted Lead and Zinc Deposits: Conference Proceedings},
  publisher = {Stanford University Publications},
  year = {1986},
  number = {20},
  pages = {131--135}
}
Wirsen CO, Tuttle JH and Jannasch HW (1986), "Activities of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise vent site", Marine Biology. Vol. 92(4), pp. 449-456.
BibTeX:
@article{Wirsen1986,
  author = {Wirsen, C O and Tuttle, J H and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Activities of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise vent site},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {92},
  number = {4},
  pages = {449--456},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392504},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00392504}
}
Yoerger DR, Newman JB and Slotine JE (1986), "Supervisory control system for the Jason ROV", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 11(3), pp. 392-400.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1986,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B and Slotine, J E},
  title = {Supervisory control system for the Jason ROV},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {392--400},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.1986.1145191},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.1986.1145191}
}
Yoerger DR, von Alt CJ, Bowen AD and Newman JB (1986), "Design of underwater vehicles for high performance control", In Oceans '86 Conference Record. New York, N.Y. Vol. 5, pp. 1431-1437. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1986a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and von Alt, C J and Bowen, A D and Newman, J B},
  title = {Design of underwater vehicles for high performance control},
  booktitle = {Oceans '86 Conference Record},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {1431--1437},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335}
}
(1986), "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution management plan for the Submersible Engineering and Operations Group", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution management plan for the Submersible Engineering and Operations Group},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
(1986), "Picture perfect return to the R.M.S. Titanic", Sea Technology. Vol. 27(9), pp. 19-22.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Picture perfect return to the R.M.S. Titanic},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {27},
  number = {9},
  pages = {19--22}
}
Akens JJ (1985), "The Alvin upstream collector", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 49. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Akens1985,
  author = {Akens, J J},
  title = {The Alvin upstream collector},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {49}
}
Arnold AJ, D'Escrivan F and Parker WC (1985), "Predation and avoidance responses in the foraminifera of the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds", Journal of Foraminiferal Research. Vol. 15(1), pp. 38-42.
BibTeX:
@article{Arnold1985,
  author = {Arnold, A J and D'Escrivan, F and Parker, W C},
  title = {Predation and avoidance responses in the foraminifera of the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds},
  journal = {Journal of Foraminiferal Research},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38--42},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.38},
  doi = {10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.38}
}
Arp AJ, Childress JJ and Fisher CR (1985), "Blood gas transport in Riftia pachyptila", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 289-300. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Arp1985,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Blood gas transport in Riftia pachyptila},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {289--300}
}
Asper VL (1985), "Accelerated settling of particulate matter by 'marine snow' aggregates" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 189. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Asper1985,
  author = {Asper, V L},
  title = {Accelerated settling of particulate matter by 'marine snow' aggregates},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {189},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3367},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/3367}
}
Ballard RD (1985), "Comment nous avons retrouve le Titanic", GEO. (82)
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1985,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Comment nous avons retrouve le Titanic},
  journal = {GEO},
  year = {1985},
  number = {82}
}
Ballard RD (1985), "How we found Titanic", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 168(6), pp. 696-719.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1985a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {How we found Titanic},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {168},
  number = {6},
  pages = {696--719}
}
Childress JJ and Mickel TJ (1985), "Metabolic rates of animals from the hydrothermal vents and other deep-sea habitats.", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 249-260. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Childress1985,
  author = {Childress, J J and Mickel, T J},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Metabolic rates of animals from the hydrothermal vents and other deep-sea habitats.},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {249--260}
}
Crane K (1985), "Galapagos Rift axis: Angus traverses and vent locations", In Galapagos spreading system from 81 [degrees] to 87 [degrees] W; East Pacific rise, between 10 [degrees] and 20 [degrees] N. Woods Hole, Mass. (8), pp. 8-9. Marine Science International.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Crane1985,
  author = {Crane, K},
  editor = {Langseth, M G},
  title = {Galapagos Rift axis: Angus traverses and vent locations},
  booktitle = {Galapagos spreading system from 81 [degrees] to 87 [degrees] W; East Pacific rise, between 10 [degrees] and 20 [degrees] N},
  publisher = {Marine Science International},
  year = {1985},
  number = {8},
  pages = {8--9}
}
Edmond JM and Von Damm KL (1985), "Chemistry of ridge crest hot springs", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 43-47. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Edmond1985,
  author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Chemistry of ridge crest hot springs},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {43--47}
}
Felbeck H, Powell MA, Hand SA and Somero GN (1985), "Metabolic adaptations of hydrothermal vent animals", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 261-272. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Felbeck1985,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Powell, M A and Hand, S A and Somero, G N},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Metabolic adaptations of hydrothermal vent animals},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {261--272}
}
Felbeck H (1985), "CO2 fixation in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila (Jones)", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 58(3), pp. 272-281.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1985a,
  author = {Felbeck, H},
  title = {CO2 fixation in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila (Jones)},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {58},
  number = {3},
  pages = {272--281}
}
Fisher CR (1985), "Aspects of the symbiosis between some marine microbes and their invertebrate hosts (Zeozanthellae, Riftia, Tridacna)" Santa Barbara, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 102. University of California, Santa Barbara.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Fisher1985,
  author = {Fisher, C R},
  title = {Aspects of the symbiosis between some marine microbes and their invertebrate hosts (Zeozanthellae, Riftia, Tridacna)},
  publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {102}
}
Fornari DJ, Ryan WBF and Fox PJ (1985), "Sea-floor lava fields on the East Pacific Rise", Geology. Vol. 13(6), pp. 413-416.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1985,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Ryan, W B F and Fox, P J},
  title = {Sea-floor lava fields on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {413--416},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13%3C413:SLFOTE%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<413:SLFOTE>2.0.CO;2}
}
Fox PJ, Moody RH, Karson JA, Bonatti E, Kidd WSF, Crane K, Gallo DG, Stroup JB, Fornari DJ, Elthon D, Hamlyn P, Casey JF, Needham D and Sartori R (1985), "The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The transform domain", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 7(3), pp. 329-358.
BibTeX:
@article{Fox1985,
  author = {Fox, P J and Moody, R H and Karson, J A and Bonatti, E and Kidd, W S F and Crane, K and Gallo, D G and Stroup, J B and Fornari, D J and Elthon, D and Hamlyn, P and Casey, J F and Needham, D and Sartori, R},
  title = {The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The transform domain},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {329--358},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316773},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00316773}
}
Giermann G (1985), "Les submersibles de recherche en geologie marine", In Deuxiemes Journees d'etude sur la plongee scientifique. Monaco-Ville , pp. 75-83. Musee Oceanographique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Giermann1985,
  author = {Giermann, G},
  editor = {Roy, P},
  title = {Les submersibles de recherche en geologie marine},
  booktitle = {Deuxiemes Journees d'etude sur la plongee scientifique},
  publisher = {Musee Oceanographique},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {75--83}
}
Goud MR and Karson JA (1985), "Tectonics of short-offset, slow-slipping transform zones in the FAMOUS area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 7(4), pp. 489-514.
BibTeX:
@article{Goud1985,
  author = {Goud, M R and Karson, J A},
  title = {Tectonics of short-offset, slow-slipping transform zones in the FAMOUS area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {489--514},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368952},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00368952}
}
Hekinian R, Auzende JM, Francheteau J, Gente P, Ryan WBF and Kappel ES (1985), "Offset spreading centers near 12 degrees 53 N on East Pacific Rise: Submersible observations and composition of the volcanics", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 7(3), pp. 359-377.
BibTeX:
@article{Hekinian1985,
  author = {Hekinian, R and Auzende, J M and Francheteau, J and Gente, P and Ryan, W B F and Kappel, E S},
  title = {Offset spreading centers near 12 degrees 53 N on East Pacific Rise: Submersible observations and composition of the volcanics},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--377},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316774},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00316774}
}
Jannasch HW and Mottl MJ (1985), "Geomicrobiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Science. Vol. 229(4715), pp. 717-725.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1985,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Mottl, M J},
  title = {Geomicrobiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {229},
  number = {4715},
  pages = {717--725},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4715.717},
  doi = {10.1126/science.229.4715.717}
}
Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO, Nelson DC and Robertson LA (1985), "Thiomicrospira crunogena sp. nov., a colorless sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent", International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 35(4), pp. 422-424.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1985a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Nelson, D C and Robertson, L A},
  title = {Thiomicrospira crunogena sp. nov., a colorless sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {422--424}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1985), "The biochemical versatility of chemosynthetic bacteria at deep sea hydrothermal vents", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 325-334. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1985b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {The biochemical versatility of chemosynthetic bacteria at deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {325--334}
}
Jannasch HW (1985), "The chemosynthetic support of life and the microbial diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. Vol. 225(1240), pp. 277-297.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1985c,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {The chemosynthetic support of life and the microbial diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {225},
  number = {1240},
  pages = {277--297}
}
Jannasch HW (1985), "Leben in der Tiefsee auf chemosynthetischer Basis", Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 72(6), pp. 285-290.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1985d,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Leben in der Tiefsee auf chemosynthetischer Basis},
  journal = {Naturwissenschaften},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {72},
  number = {6},
  pages = {285--290},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454769},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00454769}
}
Johnson H and Tunnicliffe V (1985), "Time-series measurements of hydrothermal activity on northern Juan De Fuca Ridge", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 12(10), pp. 685-688.
BibTeX:
@article{Johnson1985,
  author = {Johnson, H and Tunnicliffe, V},
  title = {Time-series measurements of hydrothermal activity on northern Juan De Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {12},
  number = {10},
  pages = {685--688},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL012i010p00685},
  doi = {10.1029/GL012i010p00685}
}
Jones ML (1985), "Hydrothermal vents of the eastern Pacific: An overview", In Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 554. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@book{Jones1985,
  author = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Hydrothermal vents of the eastern Pacific: An overview},
  booktitle = {Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {554}
}
Jones ML and Bright CF (1985), "Dive data of certain submersibles at hydrothermal and other sites", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 539-545. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jones1985a,
  author = {Jones, M L and Bright, C F},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Dive data of certain submersibles at hydrothermal and other sites},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {539--545}
}
Kadko D, Koski RA, Tatsumoto M and Bouse RM (1985), "An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on 210-Pb/Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 76(1-2), pp. 35-44.
BibTeX:
@article{Kadko1985,
  author = {Kadko, D and Koski, R A and Tatsumoto, M and Bouse, R M},
  title = {An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on 210-Pb/Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {35--44},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90146-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(85)90146-3}
}
Karl DM (1985), "Effects of temperature on the growth and viability of hydrothermal vent microbial communities", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 345-353. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karl1985,
  author = {Karl, D M},
  title = {Effects of temperature on the growth and viability of hydrothermal vent microbial communities},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {345--353}
}
Karson JA (1985), "8 large-format geological map compilations of near-bottom observations at various points on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", In Mid-Atlantic Ridge Between 22 [degrees] and 38 [degrees] N. Woods Hole, Mass. (Atlas 11), pp. 27-32. Marine Science International.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Karson1985,
  author = {Karson, J A},
  editor = {Rabinowitz, P D},
  title = {8 large-format geological map compilations of near-bottom observations at various points on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  booktitle = {Mid-Atlantic Ridge Between 22 [degrees] and 38 [degrees] N},
  publisher = {Marine Science International},
  year = {1985},
  number = {Atlas 11},
  pages = {27--32}
}
Kennedy MP, Clarke SH, Greene HG and Lonsdale PF (1985), "Observations from DSRV Alvin of Quaternary faulting on the southern California continental margin", In USGS open-file report. Menlo Park, Calif. , pp. 26. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Kennedy1985,
  author = {Kennedy, M P and Clarke, S H and Greene, H G and Lonsdale, P F},
  title = {Observations from DSRV Alvin of Quaternary faulting on the southern California continental margin},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {26},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr8539}
}
Krafft K (1985), "Preliminary results of an Alvin dive program on active hydrothermal vents at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge.", In USGS Research on Mineral Resources--1985: Program and Abstracts: V.E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources. Menlo Park, Calif. (949), pp. 54-55. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Krafft1985,
  author = {Krafft, K},
  title = {Preliminary results of an Alvin dive program on active hydrothermal vents at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge.},
  booktitle = {USGS Research on Mineral Resources--1985: Program and Abstracts: V.E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1985},
  number = {949},
  pages = {54--55},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir949}
}
Laubier L, Reyss D and Sibuet M (1985), "L'utilisation des sous-marins habites pour l'etude de l'ecosysteme abyssal: Le cas particulier des sources hydrothermales", In Deuxiemes Journees d'etude sur la plongee scientifique. Monaco-Ville , pp. 107-129. Musee Oceanographique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Laubier1985,
  author = {Laubier, L and Reyss, D and Sibuet, M},
  editor = {Roy, P},
  title = {L'utilisation des sous-marins habites pour l'etude de l'ecosysteme abyssal: Le cas particulier des sources hydrothermales},
  booktitle = {Deuxiemes Journees d'etude sur la plongee scientifique},
  publisher = {Musee Oceanographique},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {107--129}
}
Lonsdale P and Becker K (1985), "Hydrothermal plumes, hot springs, and conductive heat flow in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 73(2-4), pp. 211-225.
BibTeX:
@article{Lonsdale1985,
  author = {Lonsdale, P and Becker, K},
  title = {Hydrothermal plumes, hot springs, and conductive heat flow in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {73},
  number = {2-4},
  pages = {211--225},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90070-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(85)90070-6}
}
Luyendyk BP and Macdonald KC (1985), "A geological transect across the crest of the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N latitude made from the deep submersible Alvin", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 7(4), pp. 467-488.
BibTeX:
@article{Luyendyk1985,
  author = {Luyendyk, B P and Macdonald, K C},
  title = {A geological transect across the crest of the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N latitude made from the deep submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {467--488},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368951},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00368951}
}
Macdonald KC and Luyendyk BP (1985), "Investigation of faulting and abyssal hill formation on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise (21 degrees N) using Alvin", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 7(4), pp. 515-535.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1985,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Luyendyk, B P},
  title = {Investigation of faulting and abyssal hill formation on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise (21 degrees N) using Alvin},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {515--535},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368953},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00368953}
}
Paull CK, Jull AJT, Toolin LJ and Linick T (1985), "Stable isotope evidence for chemosynthesis in an abyssal seep community", Nature. Vol. 317(6039), pp. 709-711.
BibTeX:
@article{Paull1985,
  author = {Paull, C K and Jull, A J T and Toolin, L J and Linick, T},
  title = {Stable isotope evidence for chemosynthesis in an abyssal seep community},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {317},
  number = {6039},
  pages = {709--711},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317709a0},
  doi = {10.1038/317709a0}
}
Pettibone MH (1985), "New genera and species of deep-sea Macellicephalinae and Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal rift areas off the Galapagos and western Mexico at 21 degrees N and from the Santa Catalina Channel", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. (6), pp. 740-757. INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Pettibone1985,
  author = {Pettibone, M H},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {New genera and species of deep-sea Macellicephalinae and Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal rift areas off the Galapagos and western Mexico at 21 degrees N and from the Santa Catalina Channel},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  number = {6},
  pages = {740--757}
}
Renard V, Hekinian R, Francheteau J, Ballard RD and Backer H (1985), "Submersible observations at the axis of the ultra-fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (17-30 to 21-30 S)", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 75(4), pp. 339-353.
BibTeX:
@article{Renard1985,
  author = {Renard, V and Hekinian, R and Francheteau, J and Ballard, R D and Backer, H},
  title = {Submersible observations at the axis of the ultra-fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (17-30 to 21-30 S)},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {75},
  number = {4},
  pages = {339--353},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90178-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(85)90178-5}
}
Smith CR (1985), "Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal, and flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 32(4), pp. 417-442.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1985,
  author = {Smith, C R},
  title = {Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal, and flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {32},
  number = {4},
  pages = {417--442},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(85)90089-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(85)90089-5}
}
Smith KL (1985), "Macrozooplankton of a deep sea hydrothermal vent: in situ rates of oxygen consumption", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 30(1), pp. 102-110.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1985a,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Macrozooplankton of a deep sea hydrothermal vent: in situ rates of oxygen consumption},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {30},
  number = {1},
  pages = {102--110},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol30/issue1/0102.pdf}
}
Suchanek TH, Williams SL, Ogden JC, Hubbard DK and Gill IP (1985), "Utilization of shallow-water seagrass detritus by Caribbean deep-sea macrofauna: delta super(13)C evidence", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 32(2), pp. 201-214.
BibTeX:
@article{Suchanek1985,
  author = {Suchanek, T H and Williams, S L and Ogden, J C and Hubbard, D K and Gill, I P},
  title = {Utilization of shallow-water seagrass detritus by Caribbean deep-sea macrofauna: delta super(13)C evidence},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--214},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(85)90028-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(85)90028-7}
}
Suess E, Carson B, Ritger SD, Moore JC, Jones ML, Kulm LD and Cochrane GR (1985), "Biological communities at vent sites along the subduction zone off Oregon", In Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview. Vienna, Va. Vol. 6 INFAX.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Suess1985,
  author = {Suess, E and Carson, B and Ritger, S D and Moore, J C and Jones, M L and Kulm, L D and Cochrane, G R},
  editor = {Jones, M L},
  title = {Biological communities at vent sites along the subduction zone off Oregon},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
  publisher = {INFAX},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {6}
}
Thompson G, Mottl MJ and Rona PA (1985), "Morphology, mineralogy and chemistry of hydrothermal deposits from the TAG area, 26 degrees N Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Chemical Geology. Vol. 49(1-3), pp. 243-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Thompson1985,
  author = {Thompson, G and Mottl, M J and Rona, P A},
  title = {Morphology, mineralogy and chemistry of hydrothermal deposits from the TAG area, 26 degrees N Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {49},
  number = {1-3},
  pages = {243--257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90159-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0009-2541(85)90159-7}
}
Von Damm KL, Edmond JM, Measures CI and Grant B (1985), "Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 49(11), pp. 2221-2237.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1985,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M and Measures, C I and Grant, B},
  title = {Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {49},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2221--2237},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90223-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90223-6}
}
Von Damm KL, Edmond JM, Grant B, Measures CI, Walden B and Weiss RF (1985), "Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N, East Pacific Rise", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 49(11), pp. 2197-2220.
BibTeX:
@article{VonDamm1985a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M and Grant, B and Measures, C I and Walden, B and Weiss, R F},
  title = {Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N, East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {49},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2197--2220},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4}
}
Yoerger DR and Newman JB (1985), "Demonstration of closed-loop trajectory control of an underwater vehicle", In Oceans '85 Conference Record : Ocean Engineering and the Environment. New York, N.Y. Vol. 2, pp. 1028-1033. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1985,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B},
  title = {Demonstration of closed-loop trajectory control of an underwater vehicle},
  booktitle = {Oceans '85 Conference Record : Ocean Engineering and the Environment},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1028--1033},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160174},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160174}
}
Yoerger DR and Slotine JE (1985), "Robust trajectory control of underwater vehicles", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Vol. 10(4), pp. 462-470.
BibTeX:
@article{Yoerger1985a,
  author = {Yoerger, D R and Slotine, J E},
  title = {Robust trajectory control of underwater vehicles},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {462--470},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.1985.1145131},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.1985.1145131}
}
(1985), "MIT underwater technology research: Telemanipulator developments", In MITSG Opportunity brief (MIT/Marine Industry Collegium). Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 40, pp. 15. Marine Industry Advisory Services, MIT Sea Grant Program.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {MIT underwater technology research: Telemanipulator developments},
  booktitle = {MITSG Opportunity brief (MIT/Marine Industry Collegium)},
  publisher = {Marine Industry Advisory Services, MIT Sea Grant Program},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {15}
}
Akens JJ (1984), "Woods Hole FORTH", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 84-46, pp. 290. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Akens1984,
  author = {Akens, J J},
  title = {Woods Hole FORTH},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {84-46},
  pages = {290}
}
Arp AJ, Childress JJ and Fisher CR (1984), "Metabolic and blood gas transport characteristics of the hydrothermal vent bivalve Calyptogena magnifica", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 57(6), pp. 648-662.
BibTeX:
@article{Arp1984,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Metabolic and blood gas transport characteristics of the hydrothermal vent bivalve Calyptogena magnifica},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {57},
  number = {6},
  pages = {648--662}
}
Auzende JM, Ceuleneer G, Cornen G, Juteau T, Lagabrielle Y, Lensch G, Mevel C, Nicolas A, Prichard H, Ribeiro A, Ruellan E and Vanney JR (1984), "Intraoceanic tectonism in the Gorringe Bank: observations by submersible", In Ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere. Boston, Mass. Vol. 13, pp. 113-120. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Auzende1984,
  author = {Auzende, J M and Ceuleneer, G and Cornen, G and Juteau, T and Lagabrielle, Y and Lensch, G and Mevel, C and Nicolas, A and Prichard, H and Ribeiro, A and Ruellan, E and Vanney, J R},
  editor = {Gass, I G},
  title = {Intraoceanic tectonism in the Gorringe Bank: observations by submersible},
  booktitle = {Ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere},
  publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {113--120},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.013.01.10},
  doi = {10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.013.01.10}
}
Ballard RD (1984), "The exploits of Alvin and Angus: Exploring the East Pacific Rise", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 7-14.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1984,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The exploits of Alvin and Angus: Exploring the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {7--14}
}
Ballard RD (1984), "ROV development at Woods Hole's Deep Submergence Laboratory", In Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1984a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {ROV development at Woods Hole's Deep Submergence Laboratory},
  booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1984}
}
Ballard RD, Hekinian R and Francheteau J (1984), "Geological setting of hydrothermal activity at 12 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise; A submersible study", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 69(1), pp. 176-186.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1984b,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Hekinian, R and Francheteau, J},
  title = {Geological setting of hydrothermal activity at 12 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise; A submersible study},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {69},
  number = {1},
  pages = {176--186},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90081-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(84)90081-5}
}
Batiza R, Fornari DJ, Vanko DA and Lonsdale P (1984), "Craters, calderas, and hyaloclastites on young Pacific seamounts", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 89(B10), pp. 8371-8390.
BibTeX:
@article{Batiza1984,
  author = {Batiza, R and Fornari, D J and Vanko, D A and Lonsdale, P},
  title = {Craters, calderas, and hyaloclastites on young Pacific seamounts},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {89},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {8371--8390},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08371},
  doi = {10.1029/JB089iB10p08371}
}
Ben-Avraham Z and Ballard RD (1984), "Near bottom temperature anomalies in the Dead Sea", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 71(2), pp. 356-360.
BibTeX:
@article{Ben-Avraham1984,
  author = {Ben-Avraham, Z and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Near bottom temperature anomalies in the Dead Sea},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {356--360},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90102-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(84)90102-X}
}
Bland EL (1984), "Briefs of Alvin history from June 1964 to the present", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bland1984,
  author = {Bland, E L},
  title = {Briefs of Alvin history from June 1964 to the present},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {6}
}
Broadus JM and Bowen RE (1984), "Polymetallic sulfides and policy spheres", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 26-31.
BibTeX:
@article{Broadus1984,
  author = {Broadus, J M and Bowen, R E},
  title = {Polymetallic sulfides and policy spheres},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {26--31}
}
Childress JJ, Arp AJ and Fisher CR (1984), "Metabolic and blood characteristics of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachypitila", Marine Biology. Vol. 83(2), pp. 109-124.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1984,
  author = {Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Fisher, C R},
  title = {Metabolic and blood characteristics of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachypitila},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--124},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394718},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00394718}
}
Dymond J, Lyle M, Finney B, Piper DZ, Murphy K, Conard R and Pisias N (1984), "Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R; control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 48(5), pp. 931-949.
BibTeX:
@article{Dymond1984,
  author = {Dymond, J and Lyle, M and Finney, B and Piper, D Z and Murphy, K and Conard, R and Pisias, N},
  title = {Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R; control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {48},
  number = {5},
  pages = {931--949},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8}
}
Edmond JM (1984), "The geochemistry of ridge crest hot springs", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 15-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1984,
  author = {Edmond, J M},
  title = {The geochemistry of ridge crest hot springs},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {15--19}
}
Fisher CR and Childress JJ (1984), "Substrate oxidation by trophosome tissue from Riftia pachyptila Jones (Phylum pogonophora)", Marine Biology Letters. Vol. 5(3), pp. 171-183.
BibTeX:
@article{Fisher1984,
  author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J},
  title = {Substrate oxidation by trophosome tissue from Riftia pachyptila Jones (Phylum pogonophora)},
  journal = {Marine Biology Letters},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {171--183}
}
Gluck DL (1984), "Biomass, chemical composition and oxygen consumption of the near-bottom pelagic communities in two deep-sea basins off southern California" Santa Barbara, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 125. University of California, Santa Barbara.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Gluck1984,
  author = {Gluck, D L},
  title = {Biomass, chemical composition and oxygen consumption of the near-bottom pelagic communities in two deep-sea basins off southern California},
  publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {125}
}
Grassle JF (1984), "Animals in the soft sediment near the hydrothermal vents", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 63-66.
BibTeX:
@article{Grassle1984,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  title = {Animals in the soft sediment near the hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63--66}
}
Gross MG (1984), "Introduction: Deep-sea hot springs and cold seeps", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 2-6.
BibTeX:
@article{Gross1984,
  author = {Gross, M G},
  title = {Introduction: Deep-sea hot springs and cold seeps},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {2--6}
}
Harris SE, Marquet WM and Ballard RD (1984), "Development status: Argo deep ocean instrument platform", In Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 224-227. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Harris1984,
  author = {Harris, S E and Marquet, W M and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Development status: Argo deep ocean instrument platform},
  booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {224--227}
}
Hickman CS (1984), "A new archaeogastropod (Rhipidoglossa, Trochacea) from hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise", Zoologica Scripta. Vol. 13(1), pp. 19-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Hickman1984,
  author = {Hickman, C S},
  title = {A new archaeogastropod (Rhipidoglossa, Trochacea) from hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--25},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1984.tb00018.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.1984.tb00018.x}
}
Jannasch HW and Nelson DC (1984), "Recent progress in the microbiology of hydrothermal vents", In Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 7-12 August 1983. Washington, D.C. , pp. 170-176. American Society for Microbiology.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1984,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Nelson, D C},
  editor = {Klug, M J},
  title = {Recent progress in the microbiology of hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 7-12 August 1983},
  publisher = {American Society for Microbiology},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {170--176}
}
Jannasch HW and Taylor CD (1984), "Deep sea microbiology", Annual Review of Microbiology. Vol. 38, pp. 487-514.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1984a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Taylor, C D},
  title = {Deep sea microbiology},
  journal = {Annual Review of Microbiology},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {487--514},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.38.100184.002415},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.mi.38.100184.002415}
}
Jannasch HW (1984), "Chemosynthesis: The nutritional basis for life at deep-sea vents", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 73-78.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1984b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Chemosynthesis: The nutritional basis for life at deep-sea vents},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73--78}
}
Jannasch HW (1984), "Chemosynthetic microbial mats of deep sea hydrothermal vents", In Microbial Mats, Stromatolites: Based on the Proceedings of the Integrated Approach to the Study of Microbial Mats, July 26-31, 1982, Sponsored by Microbial Ecology and Marine Ecology Courses, and the Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods . New York, N.Y. (3), pp. 121-131. A.R. Liss.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1984c,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Cohen, Y},
  title = {Chemosynthetic microbial mats of deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Microbial Mats, Stromatolites: Based on the Proceedings of the Integrated Approach to the Study of Microbial Mats, July 26-31, 1982, Sponsored by Microbial Ecology and Marine Ecology Courses, and the Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods },
  publisher = {A.R. Liss},
  year = {1984},
  number = {3},
  pages = {121--131}
}
Jones ML (1984), "The giant tube worms", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 47-52.
BibTeX:
@article{Jones1984,
  author = {Jones, M L},
  title = {The giant tube worms},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47--52}
}
Karl DM, Burns D, Orrett K and Jannasch HW (1984), "Themophilic microbial activity in samples from deep sea hydrothermal vents", Marine Biology Letters. Vol. 5(4), pp. 227-231.
BibTeX:
@article{Karl1984,
  author = {Karl, D M and Burns, D and Orrett, K and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Themophilic microbial activity in samples from deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Marine Biology Letters},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {227--231}
}
Koski RA, Clague DA and Oudin E (1984), "Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 95(8), pp. 930-945.
BibTeX:
@article{Koski1984,
  author = {Koski, R A and Clague, D A and Oudin, E},
  title = {Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {95},
  number = {8},
  pages = {930--945},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95%3C930:MACOMS%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<930:MACOMS>2.0.CO;2}
}
Lonsdale P (1984), "Hot vents and hydrocarbon seeps in the Sea of Cortez", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 21-24.
BibTeX:
@article{Lonsdale1984,
  author = {Lonsdale, P},
  title = {Hot vents and hydrocarbon seeps in the Sea of Cortez},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {21--24}
}
Luyendyk BP (1984), "On-bottom gravity profile across the East Pacific Rise crest at 21 degrees north", Geophysics. Vol. 49(12), pp. 2166-2177.
BibTeX:
@article{Luyendyk1984,
  author = {Luyendyk, B P},
  title = {On-bottom gravity profile across the East Pacific Rise crest at 21 degrees north},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {49},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2166--2177},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441632},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1441632}
}
Messing CG (1984), "Brooding and paedomorphosis in the deep-water feather star Comatilia iridometriformis (Echinodermata: Crinoidae)", Marine Biology. Vol. 80(1), pp. 83-91.
BibTeX:
@article{Messing1984,
  author = {Messing, C G},
  title = {Brooding and paedomorphosis in the deep-water feather star Comatilia iridometriformis (Echinodermata: Crinoidae)},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--91},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393131},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00393131}
}
Nelson DC, Waterbury JB and Jannasch HW (1984), "DNA base composition and genome size of the prokaryotic symbiont in Riftia pachyptila (Pogonophora)", FEMS Microbiology Letters. Vol. 24(2-3), pp. 267-271.
BibTeX:
@article{Nelson1984,
  author = {Nelson, D C and Waterbury, J B and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {DNA base composition and genome size of the prokaryotic symbiont in Riftia pachyptila (Pogonophora)},
  journal = {FEMS Microbiology Letters},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {267--271},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb01317.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb01317.x}
}
Normark WR, Morton JL and Koski RA (1984), "The Juan de Fuca Ridge metallogenesis program", In Highlights in Marine Research: U.S. Geological Survey. Menlo Park, Calif. Vol. 938, pp. 49-56. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Normark1984,
  author = {Normark, W R and Morton, J L and Koski, R A},
  editor = {Clarke, S H},
  title = {The Juan de Fuca Ridge metallogenesis program},
  booktitle = {Highlights in Marine Research: U.S. Geological Survey},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {938},
  pages = {49--56},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir938}
}
Participants FEC, Paull CK, Hecker B, Neumann AC, Sikes EL, Hook J, Corso W, Freeman-Lynde R, Commeau R, Golubic S and Curray J (1984), "The seeps find at the Florida Escarpment", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 32-33.
BibTeX:
@article{Participants1984,
  author = {Participants, Florida Escarpment Cruise and Paull, C K and Hecker, B and Neumann, A C and Sikes, E L and Hook, J and Corso, W and Freeman-Lynde, R and Commeau, R and Golubic, S and Curray, J},
  title = {The seeps find at the Florida Escarpment},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {32--33}
}
Rona PA, Thompson G, Mottl MJ, Karson JA, Jenkins WJ, Graham D, Mallette M, Von Damm KL and Edmond JM (1984), "Hydrothermal activity at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest at 26 degrees N", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 89(B13), pp. 11,311-365,379.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1984,
  author = {Rona, P A and Thompson, G and Mottl, M J and Karson, J A and Jenkins, W J and Graham, D and Mallette, M and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M},
  title = {Hydrothermal activity at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest at 26 degrees N},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {89},
  number = {B13},
  pages = {11,311--365,379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB13p11365},
  doi = {10.1029/JB089iB13p11365}
}
Ryan PR (1984), "Odyssey to 11 degrees North", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 34-43.
BibTeX:
@article{Ryan1984,
  author = {Ryan, P R},
  title = {Odyssey to 11 degrees North},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34--43}
}
Stetten GD (1984), "Alvin's memory", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 44-46.
BibTeX:
@article{Stetten1984,
  author = {Stetten, G D},
  title = {Alvin's memory},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {44--46}
}
Stewart JB (1984), "An advanced observation and inspection ROV for 6,000 meter operations", In Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 233-239. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stewart1984,
  author = {Stewart, J B},
  title = {An advanced observation and inspection ROV for 6,000 meter operations},
  booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {233--239}
}
Team OOTR, Karson JA, Fox PJ, Sloan H, Crane KT, Kidd WSF, Bonatti E, Stroup JB, Fornari DJ, Elthon D, Hamlyn P, Casey JF, Gallo DG, Needham D and Sartori R (1984), "The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The ridge-transform intersection", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 6(2), pp. 109-141.
BibTeX:
@article{Team1984,
  author = {Team, OTTER - Oceanographer Tectonic Research and Karson, J A and Fox, P J and Sloan, H and Crane, K T and Kidd, W S F and Bonatti, E and Stroup, J B and Fornari, D J and Elthon, D and Hamlyn, P and Casey, J F and Gallo, D G and Needham, D and Sartori, R},
  title = {The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The ridge-transform intersection},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {109--141},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285956},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00285956}
}
Team TT, Gallo DG, Kidd WSF, Fox PJ, Karson JA, Macdonald K, Crane KT, Choukroune P, Seguret M, Moody R and Kastens K (1984), "Tectonics at the intersection of the East Pacific Rise with Tamayo Transform fault", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 6(2), pp. 159-185.
BibTeX:
@article{Team1984a,
  author = {Team, Tamayo Tectonic and Gallo, D G and Kidd, W S F and Fox, P J and Karson, J A and Macdonald, K and Crane, K T and Choukroune, P and Seguret, M and Moody, R and Kastens, K},
  title = {Tectonics at the intersection of the East Pacific Rise with Tamayo Transform fault},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {159--185},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285958},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00285958}
}
Turner KD and Lutz KA (1984), "Growth and distribution of mollusks at deep-sea vents and seeps", Oceanus. Vol. 27(3), pp. 54-62.
BibTeX:
@article{Turner1984,
  author = {Turner, K D and Lutz, K A},
  title = {Growth and distribution of mollusks at deep-sea vents and seeps},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {54--62}
}
Walden B and Sharp AG (1984), "Atlantis II: A new support ship for Alvin", In Oceans '84: Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education -- Designs for the Future : Washington, D.C., September 10-12, 1984. Washington, D.C. Vol. 2, pp. 617-622. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Walden1984,
  author = {Walden, B and Sharp, A G},
  title = {Atlantis II: A new support ship for Alvin},
  booktitle = {Oceans '84: Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education -- Designs for the Future : Washington, D.C., September 10-12, 1984},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {617--622},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152304},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152304}
}
Yoerger DR (1984), "Man-machine inferface and control concepts for the Jason program", In Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California. San Diego, Calif. , pp. 227-232. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Yoerger1984,
  author = {Yoerger, D R},
  title = {Man-machine inferface and control concepts for the Jason program},
  booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV '84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {227--232}
}
(1984), "Alvin moves to a new berth", Science News. Vol. 125(Feb. 25), pp. 125.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin moves to a new berth},
  journal = {Science News},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {125},
  number = {Feb. 25},
  pages = {125}
}
Arp AJ and Childress JJ (1983), "Sulfide binding by the blood of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Ristia pachyptila", Science. Vol. 219(4582), pp. 295-297.
BibTeX:
@article{Arp1983,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Sulfide binding by the blood of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Ristia pachyptila},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {219},
  number = {4582},
  pages = {295--297},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.219.4582.295},
  doi = {10.1126/science.219.4582.295}
}
Ballard RD (1983), "Exploring our living planet" Washington, D.C. , pp. 366. National Geographic Society.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1983,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Exploring our living planet},
  publisher = {National Geographic Society},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {366}
}
Ballard RD and Francheteau J (1983), "Geological processes of the mid-ocean ridge and their relationship to sulfide deposition", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 47-62. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1983a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Francheteau, J},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Geological processes of the mid-ocean ridge and their relationship to sulfide deposition},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {47--62}
}
Bowers TS, Von Damm KL and Edmond JM (1983), "Chemical evolution of mid-ocean ridge hot springs", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 49(11), pp. 2239-2252.
BibTeX:
@article{Bowers1983,
  author = {Bowers, T S and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M},
  title = {Chemical evolution of mid-ocean ridge hot springs},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {49},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2239--2252},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90224-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90224-8}
}
Byers CD, Muenow DW and Garcia MO (1983), "Volatiles in basalts and andesites from the Galapagos Spreading Center, 85 degrees to 86 degrees W", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 47(9), pp. 1551-1558.
BibTeX:
@article{Byers1983,
  author = {Byers, C D and Muenow, D W and Garcia, M O},
  title = {Volatiles in basalts and andesites from the Galapagos Spreading Center, 85 degrees to 86 degrees W},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {47},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1551--1558},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3}
}
Cohen DM and Haedrich RL (1983), "The fish fauna of the Galapagos thermal vent region", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 30(4), pp. 371-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Cohen1983,
  author = {Cohen, D M and Haedrich, R L},
  title = {The fish fauna of the Galapagos thermal vent region},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {371--379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(83)90072-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(83)90072-9}
}
Colombo P, Neilson RH and Kendig MW (1983), "Analysis and evaluation of a radioactive waste package retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean", In Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean. New York, N.Y. (3), pp. 237-268. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Colombo1983,
  author = {Colombo, P and Neilson, R H and Kendig, M W},
  editor = {Park, P K},
  title = {Analysis and evaluation of a radioactive waste package retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean},
  booktitle = {Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {3},
  pages = {237--268}
}
Corliss JB (1983), "The thermal springs of the Galapagos Rift: Their implications for biology and the chemistry of sea water", In Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms. San Francisco, Calif. , pp. 25-31. Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Corliss1983,
  author = {Corliss, J B},
  editor = {Bowman, R},
  title = {The thermal springs of the Galapagos Rift: Their implications for biology and the chemistry of sea water},
  booktitle = {Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms},
  publisher = {Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {25--31}
}
Desbruyeres D, Gaill F, Laubier L, Prieur D and Rau GH (1983), "Unusual nutrition of the Pompeii worm Alvinella pompejana (polychaetous annelid) from a hydrothermal vent environment: SEM, TEM, 13C and 15N evidence", Marine Biology. Vol. 75(2-3), pp. 201-205.
BibTeX:
@article{Desbruyeres1983,
  author = {Desbruyeres, D and Gaill, F and Laubier, L and Prieur, D and Rau, G H},
  title = {Unusual nutrition of the Pompeii worm Alvinella pompejana (polychaetous annelid) from a hydrothermal vent environment: SEM, TEM, 13C and 15N evidence},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {201--205},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406003},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00406003}
}
Duane DB, Henrichs DF and Offield TW (1983), "Federal program in marine polymetallic sulfide research", In Oceans '83: San Francisco, August 29-September 1, 1983: Conference. New York, N.Y. , pp. 825-827. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Duane1983,
  author = {Duane, D B and Henrichs, D F and Offield, T W},
  title = {Federal program in marine polymetallic sulfide research},
  booktitle = {Oceans '83: San Francisco, August 29-September 1, 1983: Conference},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {825--827},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152108},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152108}
}
Dymond J, Cobler K, Gordon L, Biscayne PE and Mathieu G (1983), "226Ra and 222Rn contents of Galapagos Rift hydrothermal waters: The importance of low-temperature interactions with crustal rocks", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 64(3), pp. 417-429.
BibTeX:
@article{Dymond1983,
  author = {Dymond, J and Cobler, K and Gordon, L and Biscayne, P E and Mathieu, G},
  title = {226Ra and 222Rn contents of Galapagos Rift hydrothermal waters: The importance of low-temperature interactions with crustal rocks},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {64},
  number = {3},
  pages = {417--429},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90102-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(83)90102-4}
}
Edmond JM and Von Damm KL (1983), "Hot springs on the ocean floor", Scientific American. Vol. 248(4), pp. 78-93.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1983,
  author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Hot springs on the ocean floor},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {248},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78--93}
}
Felbeck H, Childress JJ and Somero GN (1983), "Biochemical interaction between molluscs and their algal and bacterial symbionts", In Environmental Biochemistry and Physiology. New York, N.Y. (2), pp. 331-358. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Felbeck1983,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Childress, J J and Somero, G N},
  editor = {Hochachka, P W},
  title = {Biochemical interaction between molluscs and their algal and bacterial symbionts},
  booktitle = {Environmental Biochemistry and Physiology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {2},
  pages = {331--358}
}
Fornari DJ, Perfit MR, Malahoff A and Embley RW (1983), "Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 1, Major element variations in natural glasses and spacial distribution of lavas", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 88(B12), pp. 10,510-519,529.
BibTeX:
@article{Fornari1983,
  author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Malahoff, A and Embley, R W},
  title = {Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 1, Major element variations in natural glasses and spacial distribution of lavas},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {88},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {10,510--519,529},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB12p10519},
  doi = {10.1029/JB088iB12p10519}
}
Francheteau J and Ballard RD (1983), "The East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees N, 13 degrees N and 20 degrees S: Inferences for along-strike variability of axial processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 64(1), pp. 93-116.
BibTeX:
@article{Francheteau1983,
  author = {Francheteau, J and Ballard, R D},
  title = {The East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees N, 13 degrees N and 20 degrees S: Inferences for along-strike variability of axial processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--116},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90055-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(83)90055-9}
}
Grassle JF (1983), "Introduction to the biology of hydrothermal vents", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 671-682. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grassle1983,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Introduction to the biology of hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {671--682}
}
Hanauer E (1983), "Innerspace shuttle: The peregrinations of Alvin, workhorse of the underwater world", Oceans. Vol. 16(1), pp. 20-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Hanauer1983,
  author = {Hanauer, E},
  title = {Innerspace shuttle: The peregrinations of Alvin, workhorse of the underwater world},
  journal = {Oceans},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20--25}
}
Hanselman DH and Ryan WBF (1983), "1978 Atlantic 3800-meter radioactive waste disposal site survey: Sedimentary, micromorphologic and geophysical analyses" Washington, D.C. Vol. rev., pp. 42. Analysis and Support Division, Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
BibTeX:
@book{Hanselman1983,
  author = {Hanselman, D H and Ryan, W B F},
  title = {1978 Atlantic 3800-meter radioactive waste disposal site survey: Sedimentary, micromorphologic and geophysical analyses},
  publisher = {Analysis and Support Division, Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {rev.},
  pages = {42}
}
Hekinian R, Francheteau J, Renard V, Ballard RD, Choukroune P, Cheminee JL, Albarede F, Minster JF, Charlou JL, Man'y JC and Boulegue J (1983), "Intense hydrothermal activity at the axis of the East Pacific Pise near 13 degrees N: Submersible witnesses the growth of sulfide chimney", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-14.
BibTeX:
@article{Hekinian1983,
  author = {Hekinian, R and Francheteau, J and Renard, V and Ballard, R D and Choukroune, P and Cheminee, J L and Albarede, F and Minster, J F and Charlou, J L and Man'y, J C and Boulegue, J},
  title = {Intense hydrothermal activity at the axis of the East Pacific Pise near 13 degrees N: Submersible witnesses the growth of sulfide chimney},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--14},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300395},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00300395}
}
Hessler RR and Smithey WM (1983), "The distribution and community structure of megafauna at the Galapagos Rift hydrothermal vents", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 735-770. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hessler1983,
  author = {Hessler, R R and Smithey, W M},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {The distribution and community structure of megafauna at the Galapagos Rift hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {735--770}
}
Hey RN (1983), "High-technology investigations of rift propagation and plate tectonics", In Oceans '83: San Francisco, August 29-September 1, 1983: Conference. New York, N.Y. , pp. 791-796. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hey1983,
  author = {Hey, R N},
  title = {High-technology investigations of rift propagation and plate tectonics},
  booktitle = {Oceans '83: San Francisco, August 29-September 1, 1983: Conference},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1983},
  pages = {791--796},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152100},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152100}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1983), "Microbiology of the deep sea", In Deep-Sea Biology. New York, N.Y. (8), pp. 231-259. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1983,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  editor = {Rowe, G T},
  title = {Microbiology of the deep sea},
  booktitle = {Deep-Sea Biology},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {8},
  pages = {231--259}
}
Jannasch HW (1983), "Interactions between the carbon and sulfur cycles in the marine environment", In Major biogeochemical cycles and their interactions. New York, N.Y. (21), pp. 517-525. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1983a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Bolin, B},
  title = {Interactions between the carbon and sulfur cycles in the marine environment},
  booktitle = {Major biogeochemical cycles and their interactions},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {21},
  pages = {517--525}
}
Jannasch HW (1983), "Microbial processes at deep sea hydrothermal vents", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 677-709.. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1983b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Microbial processes at deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {677--709.}
}
Jones WJ, Leigh JA, Mayer F, Woese CR and Wolfe RS (1983), "Methanococcus jannaschii sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic methanogen from a submarine hydrothermal vent", Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 136(4), pp. 254-261.
BibTeX:
@article{Jones1983,
  author = {Jones, W J and Leigh, J A and Mayer, F and Woese, C R and Wolfe, R S},
  title = {Methanococcus jannaschii sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic methanogen from a submarine hydrothermal vent},
  journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {136},
  number = {4},
  pages = {254--261},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425213},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00425213}
}
Karson JA and Dick HJB (1983), "Tectonics of ridge-transform intersections at the Kane fracture zone", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 6(1), pp. 51-98.
BibTeX:
@article{Karson1983,
  author = {Karson, J A and Dick, H J B},
  title = {Tectonics of ridge-transform intersections at the Kane fracture zone},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--98},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300398},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00300398}
}
Lalou C, Brichet E, Jehanno C and Perez-Leclaire H (1983), "Hydrothermal manganese oxide deposits from Galapagos mounds, DSDP Leg 70, Hole 509B and Alvin dives 729 and 721", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 63(1), pp. 63-75.
BibTeX:
@article{Lalou1983,
  author = {Lalou, C and Brichet, E and Jehanno, C and Perez-Leclaire, H},
  title = {Hydrothermal manganese oxide deposits from Galapagos mounds, DSDP Leg 70, Hole 509B and Alvin dives 729 and 721},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--75},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90022-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(83)90022-5}
}
Lilley MD, Baross JA and Gordon LI (1983), "Reduced gases and bacteria in hydrothermal fluids: The Galapagos Spreading Center and 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 411-449. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Lilley1983,
  author = {Lilley, M D and Baross, J A and Gordon, L I},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Reduced gases and bacteria in hydrothermal fluids: The Galapagos Spreading Center and 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {411--449}
}
Macdonald KC (1983), "A geophysical comparison between fast and slow spreading centers: Constraints on magma chamber formation and hydrothermal activity", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (4), pp. 27-51. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Macdonald1983,
  author = {Macdonald, K C},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {A geophysical comparison between fast and slow spreading centers: Constraints on magma chamber formation and hydrothermal activity},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {4},
  pages = {27--51}
}
Macdonald KC, Miller SP, Luyendyk BP, Atwater TM and Shure L (1983), "Investigation of a Vine-Matthews magnetic lineation from a submersible: The source and character of marine magnetic anomalies", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 88(B4), pp. 3403-3418.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1983a,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Miller, S P and Luyendyk, B P and Atwater, T M and Shure, L},
  title = {Investigation of a Vine-Matthews magnetic lineation from a submersible: The source and character of marine magnetic anomalies},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {88},
  number = {B4},
  pages = {3403--3418},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB04p03403},
  doi = {10.1029/JB088iB04p03403}
}
Malahoff A, Embley RW, Cronan DS and Skirrow R (1983), "The geological setting and chemistry of hydrothermal sulfides and associated deposits from the Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W", Marine Mining. Vol. 4(1), pp. 123-137.
BibTeX:
@article{Malahoff1983,
  author = {Malahoff, A and Embley, R W and Cronan, D S and Skirrow, R},
  title = {The geological setting and chemistry of hydrothermal sulfides and associated deposits from the Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W},
  journal = {Marine Mining},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {123--137}
}
Observatory L-DG (1983), "Canyon and slope processes study" Vienna, Va. Minerals Management Service.
BibTeX:
@book{Observatory1983,
  author = {Observatory, Lamont-Doherty Geological},
  title = {Canyon and slope processes study},
  publisher = {Minerals Management Service},
  year = {1983}
}
Oudin E (1983), "Hydrothermal sulfide deposits of the East Pacific Rise (21 degrees N) part I: Descriptive mineralogy", Marine Mining. Vol. 4(1), pp. 39-72.
BibTeX:
@article{Oudin1983,
  author = {Oudin, E},
  title = {Hydrothermal sulfide deposits of the East Pacific Rise (21 degrees N) part I: Descriptive mineralogy},
  journal = {Marine Mining},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--72}
}
Perfit MR, Fornari DJ, Malahoff A and Embley RW (1983), "Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 3, Trace element abundances and petrogenesis", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 88(B12), pp. 10,510-551,572.
BibTeX:
@article{Perfit1983,
  author = {Perfit, M R and Fornari, D J and Malahoff, A and Embley, R W},
  title = {Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from eastern Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 3, Trace element abundances and petrogenesis},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {88},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {10,510--551,572},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB12p10551},
  doi = {10.1029/JB088iB12p10551}
}
Rawson MD and Ryan WBF (1983), "Geologic observations at the 2800-meter radioactive waste disposal site and associated deepwater dumpsite 105 (DWD-106) in the Atlantic Ocean" Washington, D.C. Vol. rev., pp. 60. Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
BibTeX:
@book{Rawson1983,
  author = {Rawson, M D and Ryan, W B F},
  title = {Geologic observations at the 2800-meter radioactive waste disposal site and associated deepwater dumpsite 105 (DWD-106) in the Atlantic Ocean},
  publisher = {Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {rev.},
  pages = {60}
}
Robb JM, Kirby JR, Hampson JC, Gibson PR and Hecker B (1983), "Furrowed outcrops of Eocene chalk on the lower continental slope offshore New Jersey", Geology. Vol. 11(3), pp. 182-186.
BibTeX:
@article{Robb1983,
  author = {Robb, J M and Kirby, J R and Hampson, J C and Gibson, P R and Hecker, B},
  title = {Furrowed outcrops of Eocene chalk on the lower continental slope offshore New Jersey},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {182--186},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11%3C182:FOOECO%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<182:FOOECO>2.0.CO;2}
}
Rowe GT and Sibuet M (1983), "Recent advances in instrumentation in deep-sea biological research", In Deep-Sea Biology. New York, N.Y. (8), pp. 81-95. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rowe1983,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Sibuet, M},
  editor = {Rowe, G T},
  title = {Recent advances in instrumentation in deep-sea biological research},
  booktitle = {Deep-Sea Biology},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {8},
  pages = {81--95}
}
Ryan WBF and Farre JA (1983), "Potential of radioactive and other waste disposals on the continental margin by natural dispersal processes", In Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean. New York, N.Y. (3), pp. 215-236. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ryan1983,
  author = {Ryan, W B F and Farre, J A},
  editor = {Park, P K},
  title = {Potential of radioactive and other waste disposals on the continental margin by natural dispersal processes},
  booktitle = {Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {3},
  pages = {215--236}
}
Schell WR and Nevissi AE (1983), "Radionuclides at the Hudson Canyon disposal site", In Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean. New York, N.Y. (3), pp. 183-214. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Schell1983,
  author = {Schell, W R and Nevissi, A E},
  editor = {Park, P K},
  title = {Radionuclides at the Hudson Canyon disposal site},
  booktitle = {Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1983},
  number = {3},
  pages = {183--214}
}
Simoneit BRT (1983), "Effects of hydrothermal activity on sedimentary organic matter: Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California - Petroleum genesis and protokerogen degradation", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 451-471. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Simoneit1983,
  author = {Simoneit, B R T},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Effects of hydrothermal activity on sedimentary organic matter: Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California - Petroleum genesis and protokerogen degradation},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {451--471}
}
Smith CR (1983), "Enrichment, disturbance and deep-sea community structure: The significance of large organic falls to bathyal benthos in Santa Catalina Basin" San Diego, Calif. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 310. University of California, San Diego.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Smith1983,
  author = {Smith, C R},
  title = {Enrichment, disturbance and deep-sea community structure: The significance of large organic falls to bathyal benthos in Santa Catalina Basin},
  publisher = {University of California, San Diego},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {310}
}
Smith KL and Brown NO (1983), "Oxygen consumption of pelagic juveniles and demersal adults of the deep-sea fish Sebastolobus altivelis, measured at depth", Marine Biology. Vol. 76(3), pp. 325-332.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1983a,
  author = {Smith, K L and Brown, N O},
  title = {Oxygen consumption of pelagic juveniles and demersal adults of the deep-sea fish Sebastolobus altivelis, measured at depth},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {76},
  number = {3},
  pages = {325--332},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393036},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00393036}
}
Smith CR and Hamilton SC (1983), "Epibenthic megafauna of a bathyal basin off southern California: Patterns of abundance, biomass, and dispersion", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 30(9), pp. 907-928.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1983b,
  author = {Smith, C R and Hamilton, S C},
  title = {Epibenthic megafauna of a bathyal basin off southern California: Patterns of abundance, biomass, and dispersion},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {30},
  number = {9},
  pages = {907--928},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(83)90048-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(83)90048-1}
}
Stubblefield WL, McGregor BA, Forde EB, Lambert DN and Merrill GF (1983), "Reconnaissance in DSRV Alvin of a fluvial-like meander system in Wilmington Canyon and slump features in South Wilmington Canyon", In Environmental Geologic Studies on the United States Mid- and North Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area 1980-1982: Volume I, Executive Summary. Reston, Va. (83-824), pp. 16-19. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Stubblefield1983,
  author = {Stubblefield, W L and McGregor, B A and Forde, E B and Lambert, D N and Merrill, G F},
  editor = {McGregor, B A},
  title = {Reconnaissance in DSRV Alvin of a fluvial-like meander system in Wilmington Canyon and slump features in South Wilmington Canyon},
  booktitle = {Environmental Geologic Studies on the United States Mid- and North Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area 1980-1982: Volume I, Executive Summary},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1983},
  number = {83-824},
  pages = {16--19},
  url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr83824}
}
Tuttle JH, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1983), "Microbial activities in the emitted hydrothermal waters of the Galapagos Rift vents", Marine Biology. Vol. 73(3), pp. 293-299.
BibTeX:
@article{Tuttle1983,
  author = {Tuttle, J H and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbial activities in the emitted hydrothermal waters of the Galapagos Rift vents},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {73},
  number = {3},
  pages = {293--299},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392255},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00392255}
}
Van Wagoner NA and Johnson HP (1983), "Magnetic properties of three segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 degrees N: FAMOUS, Narrowgate, and AMAR; AMAR 2", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 88(B6), pp. 5065-5082.
BibTeX:
@article{VanWagoner1983,
  author = {Van Wagoner, N A and Johnson, H P},
  title = {Magnetic properties of three segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 degrees N: FAMOUS, Narrowgate, and AMAR; AMAR 2},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {88},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {5065--5082},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB06p05065},
  doi = {10.1029/JB088iB06p05065}
}
Von Damm KL, Grant B and Edmond JM (1983), "Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 359-389. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{VonDamm1983,
  author = {Von Damm, K L and Grant, B and Edmond, J M},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {359--389}
}
Von Damm KL (1983), "Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees North, East Pacific Rise and Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 240. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{VonDamm1983a,
  author = {Von Damm, K L},
  title = {Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees North, East Pacific Rise and Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {240},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29851}
}
Welhan JA and Craig H (1983), "Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids at 21 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise", In Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. New York, N.Y. (12), pp. 391-409. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Welhan1983,
  author = {Welhan, J A and Craig, H},
  editor = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids at 21 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise},
  booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  number = {12},
  pages = {391--409}
}
Anderson RN (1982), "Call Alvin for hot science", Nature. Vol. 300(5889), pp. 215-216.
BibTeX:
@article{Anderson1982,
  author = {Anderson, R N},
  title = {Call Alvin for hot science},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {300},
  number = {5889},
  pages = {215--216},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300215a0},
  doi = {10.1038/300215a0}
}
Auffret GA, Auzende JM, Gennesseaux M, Monti S, Pastouret L, Pautot G and Vanney JR (1982), "Recent mass wasting processes on the Provencal margin (western Mediterranean)", In Marine slides and other mass movements. New York, N.Y. (8), pp. 53-58. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Auffret1982,
  author = {Auffret, G A and Auzende, J M and Gennesseaux, M and Monti, S and Pastouret, L and Pautot, G and Vanney, J R},
  editor = {Saxov, S E},
  title = {Recent mass wasting processes on the Provencal margin (western Mediterranean)},
  booktitle = {Marine slides and other mass movements},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1982},
  number = {8},
  pages = {53--58}
}
Ballard RD (1982), "Argo and Jason", Oceanus. Vol. 25(1), pp. 30-35.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1982,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Argo and Jason},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30--35}
}
Ballard RD and Francheteau J (1982), "The relationship between active sulfide deposition and the axial processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 16(3), pp. 8-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1982a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Francheteau, J},
  title = {The relationship between active sulfide deposition and the axial processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {8--22}
}
Ballard RD, van Andel TH and Holcomb RT (1982), "The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 5, Variations in volcanism, structure, and hydrothermal activity along a 30-kilometer segment of the rift valley", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 87(B2), pp. 1149-1161.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1982b,
  author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H and Holcomb, R T},
  title = {The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 5, Variations in volcanism, structure, and hydrothermal activity along a 30-kilometer segment of the rift valley},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {87},
  number = {B2},
  pages = {1149--1161},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB02p01149},
  doi = {10.1029/JB087iB02p01149}
}
Bryan WB (1982), "Fractionation, partial melting, and mixing in normal basalts from 22-25 degrees N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Activity of Oceanic Volcanoes. Ponta Delgada, Portugal (3), pp. 135-144. Universidade dos Acores.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bryan1982,
  author = {Bryan, W B},
  editor = {Baker, P E},
  title = {Fractionation, partial melting, and mixing in normal basalts from 22-25 degrees N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on the Activity of Oceanic Volcanoes},
  publisher = {Universidade dos Acores},
  year = {1982},
  number = {3},
  pages = {135--144}
}
Canale-Parola E, Harwood CS and Jannasch HW (1982), "An anaerobic spirochaete from deep sea hydrothermal vents", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 44(1), pp. 234-237.
BibTeX:
@article{Canale-Parola1982,
  author = {Canale-Parola, E and Harwood, C S and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {An anaerobic spirochaete from deep sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {44},
  number = {1},
  pages = {234--237},
  url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/1/234}
}
Childress JJ and Mickel TJ (1982), "Oxygen and sulfide consumption rates of the vent clam Calyptogena pacifica", Marine Biology Letters. Vol. 3(2), pp. 73-79.
BibTeX:
@article{Childress1982,
  author = {Childress, J J and Mickel, T J},
  title = {Oxygen and sulfide consumption rates of the vent clam Calyptogena pacifica},
  journal = {Marine Biology Letters},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73--79}
}
Cullen V (1982), "Report of the decade: The International Decade of Ocean Exploration" Washington, D.C. , pp. 46. Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation.
BibTeX:
@book{Cullen1982,
  author = {Cullen, V},
  title = {Report of the decade: The International Decade of Ocean Exploration},
  publisher = {Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {46}
}
Edmond JM, Von Damm KL, McDuff RE and Measures CI (1982), "Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal", Nature. Vol. 297(5863), pp. 187-191.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1982,
  author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L and McDuff, R E and Measures, C I},
  title = {Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {297},
  number = {5863},
  pages = {187--191},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297187a0},
  doi = {10.1038/297187a0}
}
Felbeck H and Somero GN (1982), "Primary production in deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms: roles of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria", Trends in Biochemical Sciences. Vol. 7(6), pp. 201-204.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1982,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Somero, G N},
  title = {Primary production in deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms: roles of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria},
  journal = {Trends in Biochemical Sciences},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {201--204}
}
Fulker KD (1982), "The origin of carbonate cements in Bahama Escarpment limestones" Kalamazoo, Mich. Vol. M.S., pp. 130. Western Michigan University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Fulker1982,
  author = {Fulker, K D},
  title = {The origin of carbonate cements in Bahama Escarpment limestones},
  publisher = {Western Michigan University},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {130}
}
Kazerooni H and Sheridan TB (1982), "Computer simulation and control of underwater vehicles", In MITSG. Cambridge, Mass. , pp. 150. Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@book{Kazerooni1982,
  author = {Kazerooni, H and Sheridan, T B},
  title = {Computer simulation and control of underwater vehicles},
  booktitle = {MITSG},
  publisher = {Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {150}
}
Lagabrielle Y and Auzende JM (1982), "Active in situ disaggregation of oceanic crust and mantle on Gorringe Bank: analogy with ophiolitic massives", Nature. Vol. 297(5866), pp. 490-493.
BibTeX:
@article{Lagabrielle1982,
  author = {Lagabrielle, Y and Auzende, J M},
  title = {Active in situ disaggregation of oceanic crust and mantle on Gorringe Bank: analogy with ophiolitic massives},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {297},
  number = {5866},
  pages = {490--493},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297490a0},
  doi = {10.1038/297490a0}
}
Lalou C and Brichet E (1982), "Ages and implications of East Pacific Rise sulphide deposits at 21 degrees N", Nature. Vol. 300(5888), pp. 169-171.
BibTeX:
@article{Lalou1982,
  author = {Lalou, C and Brichet, E},
  title = {Ages and implications of East Pacific Rise sulphide deposits at 21 degrees N},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {300},
  number = {5888},
  pages = {169--171},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300169a0},
  doi = {10.1038/300169a0}
}
Lambert DN (1982), "Submersible mounted in situ geotechnical instrumentation", Geo-Marine Letters. Vol. 2(3-4), pp. 209-214.
BibTeX:
@article{Lambert1982,
  author = {Lambert, D N},
  title = {Submersible mounted in situ geotechnical instrumentation},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {209--214},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462765},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02462765}
}
Lonsdale PF, Batiza R and Simkin T (1982), "Metallogenesis at seamounts on the East Pacific Rise", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 16(3), pp. 54-61.
BibTeX:
@article{Lonsdale1982,
  author = {Lonsdale, P F and Batiza, R and Simkin, T},
  title = {Metallogenesis at seamounts on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {54--61}
}
Macdonald KC (1982), "Geophysical setting for hydrothermal vents and mineral deposits on the East Pacific Rise", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 16(3), pp. 26-32.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1982,
  author = {Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Geophysical setting for hydrothermal vents and mineral deposits on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {26--32}
}
Macdonald KC (1982), "Mid-ocean ridges: Fine scale tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plate boundary zone", Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Vol. 10, pp. 155-190.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1982a,
  author = {Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Mid-ocean ridges: Fine scale tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plate boundary zone},
  journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {155--190},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.10.050182.001103},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.ea.10.050182.001103}
}
Macdonald KC (1982), "Oceanic hot springs", In McGraw-Hill yearbook of science and technology 1982-1983: Comprehensive coverage of recent events and research. New York, N.Y. , pp. 57-67. McGraw-Hill.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Macdonald1982b,
  author = {Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Oceanic hot springs},
  booktitle = {McGraw-Hill yearbook of science and technology 1982-1983: Comprehensive coverage of recent events and research},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {57--67}
}
Machado N, Ludden JN, Brooks C and Thompson G (1982), "Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneity in the sub-Atlantic mantle", Nature. Vol. 295(5846), pp. 226-228.
BibTeX:
@article{Machado1982,
  author = {Machado, N and Ludden, J N and Brooks, C and Thompson, G},
  title = {Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneity in the sub-Atlantic mantle},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {295},
  number = {5846},
  pages = {226--228},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/295226a0},
  doi = {10.1038/295226a0}
}
Malahoff A, Embley RW and Fornari DJ (1982), "Geomorphology of Norfolk and Washington canyons and the surrounding continental slope and upper rise as observed from DSRV Alvin", In Ocean Floor: Bruce Heezen Commemorative Volume. New York, N.Y. Vol. 1 (text), pp. 97-111. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Malahoff1982,
  author = {Malahoff, A and Embley, R W and Fornari, D J},
  editor = {Scrutton, R A},
  title = {Geomorphology of Norfolk and Washington canyons and the surrounding continental slope and upper rise as observed from DSRV Alvin},
  booktitle = {Ocean Floor: Bruce Heezen Commemorative Volume},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {1 (text)},
  pages = {97--111}
}
Mickel TJ and Childress JJ (1982), "Effects of pressure and temperature on the EKG and heart rate of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron (Brachyura).", Biological Bulletin. Vol. 162(1), pp. 70-82.
BibTeX:
@article{Mickel1982,
  author = {Mickel, T J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Effects of pressure and temperature on the EKG and heart rate of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron (Brachyura).},
  journal = {Biological Bulletin},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {162},
  number = {1},
  pages = {70--82},
  url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/162/1/70}
}
Mickel TJ and Childress JJ (1982), "Effects of temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration on the oxygen consumption rate of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron (Brachyura)", Physiological Zoology. Vol. 55(2), pp. 199-207.
BibTeX:
@article{Mickel1982a,
  author = {Mickel, T J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Effects of temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration on the oxygen consumption rate of the hydrothermal vent crab Bythograea thermydron (Brachyura)},
  journal = {Physiological Zoology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--207}
}
Mullins HT, Keller GH, Kofoed JW, Lambert DN, Stubblefield WL and Warme JE (1982), "Geology of Great Abaco submarine canyon (Blake Plateau): observations from the research submersible Alvin", Marine Geology. Vol. 48(3-4), pp. 239-257.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1982,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Keller, G H and Kofoed, J W and Lambert, D N and Stubblefield, W L and Warme, J E},
  title = {Geology of Great Abaco submarine canyon (Blake Plateau): observations from the research submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {239--257},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(82)90099-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(82)90099-8}
}
Nesteroff WD (1982), "Subsidence et sedimentation actuelles dans la fosse de Porto-Rico", In Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982. Paris, France (8, fasc.8) Institut Oceanographique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Nesteroff1982,
  author = {Nesteroff, W D},
  editor = {Vanney, J R},
  title = {Subsidence et sedimentation actuelles dans la fosse de Porto-Rico},
  booktitle = {Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982},
  publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
  year = {1982},
  number = {8, fasc.8}
}
Pastouret L, Auffret GA, Auzende JM, Beuzart P, Dubois P, Seguret M, Sigal J and Vanney JR (1982), "Geologie du canyon Shamrock, marge Armoricaine (Atlantique du N.E.)", In Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982. Paris, France (8, fasc.8), pp. 683-710. Institut Oceanographique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Pastouret1982,
  author = {Pastouret, L and Auffret, G A and Auzende, J M and Beuzart, P and Dubois, P and Seguret, M and Sigal, J and Vanney, J R},
  editor = {Vanney, J R},
  title = {Geologie du canyon Shamrock, marge Armoricaine (Atlantique du N.E.)},
  booktitle = {Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982},
  publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
  year = {1982},
  number = {8, fasc.8},
  pages = {683--710}
}
Rowe GT, Polloni PT and Haedrich RL (1982), "The deep-sea macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic Ocean", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 29(2), pp. 257-278.
BibTeX:
@article{Rowe1982,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Polloni, P T and Haedrich, R L},
  title = {The deep-sea macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic Ocean},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--278},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(82)90113-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(82)90113-3}
}
Ruby EG and Jannasch HW (1982), "Physiological characteristics of Thiomicrospira sp. strain L-12 isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents", Journal of Bacteriology. Vol. 149(1), pp. 161-165.
BibTeX:
@article{Ruby1982,
  author = {Ruby, E G and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Physiological characteristics of Thiomicrospira sp. strain L-12 isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Journal of Bacteriology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {149},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--165},
  url = {http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/149/1/161}
}
Sharp AG (1982), "Weight and Stability of DSRV Alvin: 1981-1982", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1982,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {Weight and Stability of DSRV Alvin: 1981-1982},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Smith KL (1982), "Zooplankton of a bathyal benthic boundary layer: in situ rates of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion Poralia rufescens", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 27(3), pp. 461-471.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1982,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Zooplankton of a bathyal benthic boundary layer: in situ rates of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion Poralia rufescens},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {461--471},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol27/issue3/0461.pdf}
}
Smith KL (1982), "Metabolism of two dominant epibenthic echinoderms measured at bathyal depths in the Santa Catalina Basin", Marine Biology. Vol. 72(3), pp. 249-256.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1982a,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Metabolism of two dominant epibenthic echinoderms measured at bathyal depths in the Santa Catalina Basin},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {72},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--256},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396830},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00396830}
}
Stubblefield WL, McGregor BA, Forde EB, Lambert DN and Merrill GF (1982), "Reconnaissance in DSRV Alvin of a fluvial-like meander system in Wilmington Canyon and slump features in south Wilmington Canyon", Geology. Vol. 10(1), pp. 31-36.
BibTeX:
@article{Stubblefield1982,
  author = {Stubblefield, W L and McGregor, B A and Forde, E B and Lambert, D N and Merrill, G F},
  title = {Reconnaissance in DSRV Alvin of a fluvial-like meander system in Wilmington Canyon and slump features in south Wilmington Canyon},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--36},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10%3C31:RIDAOA%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<31:RIDAOA>2.0.CO;2}
}
Uchupi E, Ellis JP, Austin JA, Keller GH and Ballard RD (1982), "Mesozoic-Cenozoic regressions and the development of margin off northeastern North America", In Ocean Floor: Bruce Heezen Commemorative Volume. New York, N.Y. Vol. 1 (text), pp. 81-95. Wiley.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Uchupi1982,
  author = {Uchupi, E and Ellis, J P and Austin, J A and Keller, G H and Ballard, R D},
  editor = {Scrutton, R A},
  title = {Mesozoic-Cenozoic regressions and the development of margin off northeastern North America},
  booktitle = {Ocean Floor: Bruce Heezen Commemorative Volume},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {1 (text)},
  pages = {81--95}
}
Vanney JR and Gennesseaux M (1982), "Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982", In Oceanis. Paris, France , pp. 40. Institut Oceanographique.
BibTeX:
@book{Vanney1982,
  author = {Vanney, J -R and Gennesseaux, M},
  title = {Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982},
  booktitle = {Oceanis},
  publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {40}
}
Wimbush M, Nemeth L and Birdsall B (1982), "Current-induced sediment movement in the deep Florida Straits Observations", In Dynamic environment of the ocean floor. Lexington, Mass. , pp. 77-94. Lexington Books.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Wimbush1982,
  author = {Wimbush, M and Nemeth, L and Birdsall, B},
  editor = {Fanning, K A},
  title = {Current-induced sediment movement in the deep Florida Straits Observations},
  booktitle = {Dynamic environment of the ocean floor},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {77--94}
}
Zottoli R (1982), "Two new genera of deep-sea polychaete worms of the family Ampharetidae and the role of one species in deep-sea ecosystems", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 95(1), pp. 48-57.
BibTeX:
@article{Zottoli1982,
  author = {Zottoli, R},
  title = {Two new genera of deep-sea polychaete worms of the family Ampharetidae and the role of one species in deep-sea ecosystems},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {95},
  number = {1},
  pages = {48--57}
}
(1982), "OASIS Expedition: A biological study of deep-sea hydrothermal vents on East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (April - May 1982)", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {OASIS Expedition: A biological study of deep-sea hydrothermal vents on East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (April - May 1982)},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {var.}
}
(1982), "Hot vent life forms and sea-floor geology", Oceanus. Vol. 25(2), pp. 28-29.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Hot vent life forms and sea-floor geology},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28--29}
}
(1982), "Directions for MIT research in unmanned underwater work systems", In Opportunity brief / MIT/Marine Industry Collegium. Cambridge, Mass. Vol. Rev., pp. 8. Marine Industry Advisory Services, Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Directions for MIT research in unmanned underwater work systems},
  booktitle = {Opportunity brief / MIT/Marine Industry Collegium},
  publisher = {Marine Industry Advisory Services, Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {Rev.},
  pages = {8},
  url = {http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/mit/mitt182002.pdf}
}
Alvarez-Ramis C (1981), "Estudio de Frenelopsis oligostomata (Romariz) Alvin, procedente del Cretacico superior de Torrelaguna (Madrid)", Estudios Geologicos. Vol. 37(1-2), pp. 83-87.
BibTeX:
@article{Alvarez-Ramis1981,
  author = {Alvarez-Ramis, C},
  title = {Estudio de Frenelopsis oligostomata (Romariz) Alvin, procedente del Cretacico superior de Torrelaguna (Madrid)},
  journal = {Estudios Geologicos},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {83--87}
}
Arnold M and Sheppard SMF (1981), "East Pacific Rise at latitude 21 degrees N: Isotopic composition and origin of the hydrothermal sulphur", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 56, pp. 148-156.
BibTeX:
@article{Arnold1981,
  author = {Arnold, M and Sheppard, S M F},
  title = {East Pacific Rise at latitude 21 degrees N: Isotopic composition and origin of the hydrothermal sulphur},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {148--156},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90122-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(81)90122-9}
}
Arp AJ and Childress JJ (1981), "Functional characteristics of the blood of the deep sea hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab", Science. Vol. 214(4520), pp. 559-561.
BibTeX:
@article{Arp1981,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Functional characteristics of the blood of the deep sea hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {214},
  number = {4520},
  pages = {559--561},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.214.4520.559},
  doi = {10.1126/science.214.4520.559}
}
Arp AJ and Childress JJ (1981), "Blood function in the hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan tube worm", Science. Vol. 213(4505), pp. 342-344.
BibTeX:
@article{Arp1981a,
  author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J},
  title = {Blood function in the hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan tube worm},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {213},
  number = {4505},
  pages = {342--344},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4505.342},
  doi = {10.1126/science.213.4505.342}
}
Ballard RD, Francheteau J, Juteau T, Rangan C and Normark W (1981), "East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: The volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the central axis", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 55(1), pp. 1-10.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1981,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Francheteau, J and Juteau, T and Rangan, C and Normark, W},
  title = {East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: The volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the central axis},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--10},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90081-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(81)90081-9}
}
Bowen VT and Livingston HD (1981), "Radionuclide distribution in sediment cores retrieved from marine radioactive waste dumpsites", In Impacts of Radionuclide Releases into the Marine Environment: Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Impacts of Radionuclide Releases into the Marine Environment. Vienna, Austria , pp. 33-63. International Atomic Energy Agency.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Bowen1981,
  author = {Bowen, V T and Livingston, H D},
  title = {Radionuclide distribution in sediment cores retrieved from marine radioactive waste dumpsites},
  booktitle = {Impacts of Radionuclide Releases into the Marine Environment: Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Impacts of Radionuclide Releases into the Marine Environment},
  publisher = {International Atomic Energy Agency},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {33--63}
}
Brevart O, Dupre B and Allegre CJ (1981), "Metallogenesis at spreading centers: Lead isotope systematics for sulfides, manganese-rich crusts, basalts, and sediments from the Cyamex and Alvin areas (East Pacific Rise)", Economic Geology. Vol. 76(5), pp. 1205-1210.
BibTeX:
@article{Brevart1981,
  author = {Brevart, O and Dupre, B and Allegre, C J},
  title = {Metallogenesis at spreading centers: Lead isotope systematics for sulfides, manganese-rich crusts, basalts, and sediments from the Cyamex and Alvin areas (East Pacific Rise)},
  journal = {Economic Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {76},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1205--1210},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1205},
  doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1205}
}
Bryan WB, Thompson G and Ludden JN (1981), "Compositional variation in normal MORB from 22 degrees -25 degrees N: Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Kane fracture zone", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 86(B12), pp. 11,811-815,836.
BibTeX:
@article{Bryan1981,
  author = {Bryan, W B and Thompson, G and Ludden, J N},
  title = {Compositional variation in normal MORB from 22 degrees -25 degrees N: Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Kane fracture zone},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {86},
  number = {B12},
  pages = {11,811--815,836},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB12p11815},
  doi = {10.1029/JB086iB12p11815}
}
Burreson EM (1981), "A new deep-sea leech, Bathybdella sawyeri , n.gen., n.sp., from thermal vent areas on the Galapagos Rift", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 94(2), pp. 483-491.
BibTeX:
@article{Burreson1981,
  author = {Burreson, E M},
  title = {A new deep-sea leech, Bathybdella sawyeri , n.gen., n.sp., from thermal vent areas on the Galapagos Rift},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {94},
  number = {2},
  pages = {483--491}
}
Cavanaugh CM, Gardiner SL, Jones ML, Jannasch HW and Waterbury JB (1981), "Prokaryotic cells in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila Jones: possible chemoautotrophic symbionts", Science. Vol. 213(4505), pp. 340-341.
BibTeX:
@article{Cavanaugh1981,
  author = {Cavanaugh, C M and Gardiner, S L and Jones, M L and Jannasch, H W and Waterbury, J B},
  title = {Prokaryotic cells in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila Jones: possible chemoautotrophic symbionts},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {213},
  number = {4505},
  pages = {340--341},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4505.340},
  doi = {10.1126/science.213.4505.340}
}
Crane K and Ballard RD (1981), "Volcanics and structure of the FAMOUS Narrowgate Rift: Evidence for cyclic evolution: AMAR 1", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 86(B6), pp. 5112-5124.
BibTeX:
@article{Crane1981,
  author = {Crane, K and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Volcanics and structure of the FAMOUS Narrowgate Rift: Evidence for cyclic evolution: AMAR 1},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {86},
  number = {B6},
  pages = {5112--5124},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB06p05112},
  doi = {10.1029/JB086iB06p05112}
}
Felbeck H, Childress JJ and Somero GN (1981), "Calvin-Benson cycle and sulphide oxidation enzymes in animals from sulphide-rich habitats", Nature. Vol. 293(5830), pp. 291-293.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1981,
  author = {Felbeck, H and Childress, J J and Somero, G N},
  title = {Calvin-Benson cycle and sulphide oxidation enzymes in animals from sulphide-rich habitats},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {293},
  number = {5830},
  pages = {291--293},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/293291a0},
  doi = {10.1038/293291a0}
}
Felbeck H (1981), "Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tube worm, Riftia pachyptila Jones (Vestimentifera)", Science. Vol. 213(4505), pp. 336-338.
BibTeX:
@article{Felbeck1981a,
  author = {Felbeck, H},
  title = {Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tube worm, Riftia pachyptila Jones (Vestimentifera)},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {213},
  number = {4505},
  pages = {336--338},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4505.336},
  doi = {10.1126/science.213.4505.336}
}
Fevrier M (1981), "Hydrothermalisme et mineralisations sur la dorsale est pacifique a 21 degrés N: Etude mineralogique et geochimique" Brest, France Vol. Ph.D., pp. 287. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Fevrier1981,
  author = {Fevrier, M},
  title = {Hydrothermalisme et mineralisations sur la dorsale est pacifique a 21 degrés N: Etude mineralogique et geochimique},
  publisher = {Universite de Bretagne Occidentale},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {287}
}
Freeman-Lynde RP (1981), "The marine geology of the Bahama escarpment" New York, N.Y. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 292. Columbia University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Freeman-Lynde1981,
  author = {Freeman-Lynde, R P},
  title = {The marine geology of the Bahama escarpment},
  publisher = {Columbia University},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {292},
  url = {http://digitalcommons.libraries.columbia.edu/dissertations/AAI8204483}
}
Freeman-Lynde RP, Cita MB, Jadoul F, Miller EL and Ryan WBF (1981), "Marine geology of the Bahama Escarpment", Marine Geology. Vol. 44(1-2), pp. 119-156.
BibTeX:
@article{Freeman-Lynde1981a,
  author = {Freeman-Lynde, R P and Cita, M B and Jadoul, F and Miller, E L and Ryan, W B F},
  title = {Marine geology of the Bahama Escarpment},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {44},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {119--156},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90115-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(81)90115-8}
}
Group EPRS, Ballard RD, Craig H, Edmond J, Einaudi M, Holcomb R, Holland HD, Hopson C, Luyendyk BP, Macdonald K, Morton J, Orcutt J and Sleep N (1981), "Crustal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge", Science. Vol. 213(4503), pp. 31-40.
BibTeX:
@article{Group1981,
  author = {Group, East Pacific Rise Study and Ballard, R D and Craig, H and Edmond, J and Einaudi, M and Holcomb, R and Holland, H D and Hopson, C and Luyendyk, B P and Macdonald, K and Morton, J and Orcutt, J and Sleep, N},
  title = {Crustal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {213},
  number = {4503},
  pages = {31--40},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4503.31},
  doi = {10.1126/science.213.4503.31}
}
Hine AC, Wilber RJ, Bane JM, Neumann AC and Lorenson KR (1981), "Offbank transport of carbonate sands along open, leeward bank margins: Northern Bahamas.", Marine Geology. Vol. 42(1-4), pp. 327-348.
BibTeX:
@article{Hine1981,
  author = {Hine, A C and Wilber, R J and Bane, J M and Neumann, A C and Lorenson, K R},
  title = {Offbank transport of carbonate sands along open, leeward bank margins: Northern Bahamas.},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {42},
  number = {1-4},
  pages = {327--348},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90169-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(81)90169-9}
}
Hubbard DK, Suchanek TH, Gill IP, Cowper S, Ogden JC, Westerfield JR and Bayes J (1981), "Preliminary studies of the fate of shallow-water detritus in the basin north of St. Croix, U.S.V.I.", In Reef and Man: Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 18-22 May 1981. Quezon City, Philippines Vol. 1, pp. 383-388. University of the Philippines, Marine Sciences Center.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hubbard1981,
  author = {Hubbard, D K and Suchanek, T H and Gill, I P and Cowper, S and Ogden, J C and Westerfield, J R and Bayes, J},
  editor = {Gomez, E D},
  title = {Preliminary studies of the fate of shallow-water detritus in the basin north of St. Croix, U.S.V.I.},
  booktitle = {Reef and Man: Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 18-22 May 1981},
  publisher = {University of the Philippines, Marine Sciences Center},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {383--388}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1981), "Morphological survey of microbial mats near deep-sea thermal vents", Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 41(2), pp. 528-538.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1981,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Morphological survey of microbial mats near deep-sea thermal vents},
  journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {528--538},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=243726}
}
Macdonald KC and Luyendyk BP (1981), "The crest of the East Pacific Rise", Scientific American. Vol. 244(5), pp. 100-108,110,112-114,116.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1981,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Luyendyk, B P},
  title = {The crest of the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {244},
  number = {5},
  pages = {100--108,110,112--114,116}
}
Malahoff A (1981), "Comparison between Galapagos and Gorda spreading centers", In Thirteenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 1981, Houston, Texas: Proceedings. Dallas, Tex. Vol. 1, pp. 115-121. Offshore Technology Conference.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Malahoff1981,
  author = {Malahoff, A},
  title = {Comparison between Galapagos and Gorda spreading centers},
  booktitle = {Thirteenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 1981, Houston, Texas: Proceedings},
  publisher = {Offshore Technology Conference},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {115--121}
}
Neumann AC (1981), "Waulsortian mounds and lithoherms compared", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 65(5), pp. 965.
BibTeX:
@article{Neumann1981,
  author = {Neumann, A C},
  title = {Waulsortian mounds and lithoherms compared},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {65},
  number = {5},
  pages = {965}
}
Oudin E, Fouillac C and Le Bel L (1981), "Etudes mineralogique et geochimique des depots sulfures sous-marins actuels de la ride Est-Pacifique (21 degrees N): Campagne Rise (avril-mai et septembre-octobre 1979)", In Documents du BRGM. Orleans, France Vol. 25, pp. 247. B.R.G.M..
BibTeX:
@book{Oudin1981,
  author = {Oudin, E and Fouillac, C and Le Bel, L},
  title = {Etudes mineralogique et geochimique des depots sulfures sous-marins actuels de la ride Est-Pacifique (21 degrees N): Campagne Rise (avril-mai et septembre-octobre 1979)},
  booktitle = {Documents du BRGM},
  publisher = {B.R.G.M.},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {247}
}
Pastouret L (1981), "Submersible structural study of Tamayo transform fault: East Pacific Rise, 23 degrees N (project RITA)", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 4(4), pp. 345-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Pastouret1981,
  author = {Pastouret, L},
  title = {Submersible structural study of Tamayo transform fault: East Pacific Rise, 23 degrees N (project RITA)},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {345--379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286035},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00286035}
}
Rhoads DC, Lutz RA and Cerrato RM (1981), "Growth of mussels at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift", Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 1(1), pp. 121.
BibTeX:
@article{Rhoads1981,
  author = {Rhoads, D C and Lutz, R A and Cerrato, R M},
  title = {Growth of mussels at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift},
  journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {121}
}
Rhoads DC, Lutz RA, Revelas EC and Cerrato RM (1981), "Growth of bivalves at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift", Science. Vol. 214(4523), pp. 911-913.
BibTeX:
@article{Rhoads1981a,
  author = {Rhoads, D C and Lutz, R A and Revelas, E C and Cerrato, R M},
  title = {Growth of bivalves at deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {214},
  number = {4523},
  pages = {911--913},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.214.4523.911},
  doi = {10.1126/science.214.4523.911}
}
Rowe GT (1981), "The deep-sea ecosystem", In Analysis of Marine Ecosystems. New York, N.Y. , pp. 235-267. Academic Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rowe1981,
  author = {Rowe, G T},
  editor = {Longhurst, A R},
  title = {The deep-sea ecosystem},
  booktitle = {Analysis of Marine Ecosystems},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {235--267}
}
Ryan WBF and Miller EL (1981), "Evidence of a carbonate platform beneath Georges Bank", Marine Geology. Vol. 44(1-2), pp. 213-228.
BibTeX:
@article{Ryan1981,
  author = {Ryan, W B F and Miller, E L},
  title = {Evidence of a carbonate platform beneath Georges Bank},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {44},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {213--228},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90119-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(81)90119-5}
}
Sharp AG (1981), "Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1980", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 2-81, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1981,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1980},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {2-81},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Silver MW and Alldredge AL (1981), "Bathypelagic marine snow: Deep-sea algal and detrital community", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 39(3), pp. 501-530.
BibTeX:
@article{Silver1981,
  author = {Silver, M W and Alldredge, A L},
  title = {Bathypelagic marine snow: Deep-sea algal and detrital community},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {501--530}
}
Simon C (1981), "Vent fish: Alvin's unexpected catch", Science News. Vol. 120(December 12), pp. 374.
BibTeX:
@article{Simon1981,
  author = {Simon, C},
  title = {Vent fish: Alvin's unexpected catch},
  journal = {Science News},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {120},
  number = {December 12},
  pages = {374}
}
Smith KL and Laver MB (1981), "Respiration of the bathypelagic fish Cyclothone acclinidens", Marine Biology. Vol. 61(4), pp. 261-266.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1981,
  author = {Smith, K L and Laver, M B},
  title = {Respiration of the bathypelagic fish Cyclothone acclinidens},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {61},
  number = {4},
  pages = {261--266},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401564},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00401564}
}
Southward AJ, Southward EC, Dando PR, Rau GH, Felbeck H and Flügel H (1981), "Bacterial symbionts and low 13C/12C ratios in tissues of Pogonophora indicate unusual nutrition and metabolism", Nature. Vol. 293(5834), pp. 616-620.
BibTeX:
@article{Southward1981,
  author = {Southward, A J and Southward, E C and Dando, P R and Rau, G H and Felbeck, H and Flügel, H},
  title = {Bacterial symbionts and low 13C/12C ratios in tissues of Pogonophora indicate unusual nutrition and metabolism},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {293},
  number = {5834},
  pages = {616--620},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/293616a0},
  doi = {10.1038/293616a0}
}
Stanley DJ, Sheng H, Lambert DN, Rona PA, McGrail DW and Jenkyns JS (1981), "Current-influenced depositional provinces, continental margin off Cape Hatteras, identified by petrologic method", Marine Geology. Vol. 40(3-4), pp. 215-235.
BibTeX:
@article{Stanley1981,
  author = {Stanley, D J and Sheng, H and Lambert, D N and Rona, P A and McGrail, D W and Jenkyns, J S},
  title = {Current-influenced depositional provinces, continental margin off Cape Hatteras, identified by petrologic method},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {40},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {215--235},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90141-9},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(81)90141-9}
}
Stroup JB and Fox PJ (1981), "Geologic investigations in the Cayman Trough: Evidence for thin oceanic crust along the Mid-Cayman Rise", Journal of Geology. Vol. 89(4), pp. 395-420.
BibTeX:
@article{Stroup1981,
  author = {Stroup, J B and Fox, P J},
  title = {Geologic investigations in the Cayman Trough: Evidence for thin oceanic crust along the Mid-Cayman Rise},
  journal = {Journal of Geology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {89},
  number = {4},
  pages = {395--420}
}
Team CS, Francheteau J, Needham HD, Choukroune P, Juteau T, Seguret M, Ballard RD, Fox PJ, Normark WR, Carranza A, Cordoba D, Guerrero J and Rangin C (1981), "First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (project RITA): general results", Marine Geophysical Researches. Vol. 4(4), pp. 345-379.
BibTeX:
@article{Team1981,
  author = {Team, CYAMEX Scientific and Francheteau, J and Needham, H D and Choukroune, P and Juteau, T and Seguret, M and Ballard, R D and Fox, P J and Normark, W R and Carranza, A and Cordoba, D and Guerrero, J and Rangin, C},
  title = {First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (project RITA): general results},
  journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {345--379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00286034}
}
Turner RD (1981), "Drevesnye Ostrovki i termal'nye isotochniki kak tsentry vozniknoveniya glubokovoknykh soobshchestv s vysokoj stepen'yu raznoobraziya", Biologiya Morya. Vol. 7(1), pp. 3-10.
BibTeX:
@article{Turner1981,
  author = {Turner, R D},
  title = {Drevesnye Ostrovki i termal'nye isotochniki kak tsentry vozniknoveniya glubokovoknykh soobshchestv s vysokoj stepen'yu raznoobraziya},
  journal = {Biologiya Morya},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--10}
}
van Andel and T J (1981), "Science at sea: Tales of an old ocean" San Francisco, Calif. , pp. 198. W.H. Freeman.
BibTeX:
@book{VanAndel1981,
  author = {van Andel, T J},
  title = {Science at sea: Tales of an old ocean},
  publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {198}
}
Vidal P and Clauer N (1981), "Pb and Sr Isotopic Systematics of Some Basalts and Sulfides From the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (Project RITA)", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 55(2), pp. 237-246.
BibTeX:
@article{Vidal1981,
  author = {Vidal, P and Clauer, N},
  title = {Pb and Sr Isotopic Systematics of Some Basalts and Sulfides From the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (Project RITA)},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {55},
  number = {2},
  pages = {237--246},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5}
}
Austin JA, Uchupi E, Shaughnessy DR and Ballard RD (1980), "Geology of the New England passive margin", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 64(4), pp. 501-526.
BibTeX:
@article{Austin1980,
  author = {Austin, J A and Uchupi, E and Shaughnessy, D R and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Geology of the New England passive margin},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {501--526}
}
Ballard RD (1980), "Mapping the mid-ocean ridge", In Twelfth Annual Offshore Technology Conference: 1980 Proceedings. Dallas, Tex. Vol. 1, pp. 55-64. Offshore Technology Conference.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1980,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Mapping the mid-ocean ridge},
  booktitle = {Twelfth Annual Offshore Technology Conference: 1980 Proceedings},
  publisher = {Offshore Technology Conference},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {55--64},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/3682-MS},
  doi = {10.4043/3682-MS}
}
Berg CJ and Turner RD (1980), "Description of living specimens of Calyptogena magnifica, Boss and Turner with notes on their distribution and ecology", Malacologia. Vol. 20(1), pp. 183-185.
BibTeX:
@article{Berg1980,
  author = {Berg, C J and Turner, R D},
  title = {Description of living specimens of Calyptogena magnifica, Boss and Turner with notes on their distribution and ecology},
  journal = {Malacologia},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {183--185}
}
Boss KJ and Turner RD (1980), "Giant white clam from the Galapagos Rift, Calyptogena magnifica species novum", Malacologia. Vol. 20(1), pp. 161-194.
BibTeX:
@article{Boss1980,
  author = {Boss, K J and Turner, R D},
  title = {Giant white clam from the Galapagos Rift, Calyptogena magnifica species novum},
  journal = {Malacologia},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--194}
}
Cobler R and Dymond J (1980), "Sediment trap experiment on the Galapagos Spreading Center, Equatorial Pacific", Science. Vol. 209(4458), pp. 801-803.
BibTeX:
@article{Cobler1980,
  author = {Cobler, R and Dymond, J},
  title = {Sediment trap experiment on the Galapagos Spreading Center, Equatorial Pacific},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {209},
  number = {4458},
  pages = {801--803},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4458.801},
  doi = {10.1126/science.209.4458.801}
}
Cohen JM (1980), "An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged cradle in a seaway", Naval Engineers Journal. Vol. 92(1), pp. 25-35.
BibTeX:
@article{Cohen1980,
  author = {Cohen, J M},
  title = {An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged cradle in a seaway},
  journal = {Naval Engineers Journal},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--35}
}
Crane K and Ballard RD (1980), "The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 4, Structure and morphology of hydrothermal fields and their relationship to the volcanic and tectonic processes of the rift valley", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 85(B3), pp. 1443-1454.
BibTeX:
@article{Crane1980,
  author = {Crane, K and Ballard, R D},
  title = {The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 4, Structure and morphology of hydrothermal fields and their relationship to the volcanic and tectonic processes of the rift valley},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {85},
  number = {B3},
  pages = {1443--1454},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB03p01443},
  doi = {10.1029/JB085iB03p01443}
}
Filatova ZA (1980), "On the thermophilic deep-sea bottom faunal communities of the Pacific Ocean rift zones", Oceanology. Vol. 20(3), pp. 520-524.
BibTeX:
@article{Filatova1980,
  author = {Filatova, Z A},
  title = {On the thermophilic deep-sea bottom faunal communities of the Pacific Ocean rift zones},
  journal = {Oceanology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {520--524}
}
Filatova ZA (1980), "Thermophylic communities of deep-sea bottom fauna in rift zones of the Pacific Ocean", Oceanology. Vol. 20(3), pp. 339-341.
BibTeX:
@article{Filatova1980a,
  author = {Filatova, Z A},
  title = {Thermophylic communities of deep-sea bottom fauna in rift zones of the Pacific Ocean},
  journal = {Oceanology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {339--341}
}
Finkel RC, Macdougall JD and Chung YC (1980), "Sulfide precipitates at 21 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise: 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 7(9), pp. 685-688.
BibTeX:
@article{Finkel1980,
  author = {Finkel, R C and Macdougall, J D and Chung, Y C},
  title = {Sulfide precipitates at 21 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise: 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {7},
  number = {9},
  pages = {685--688},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00685},
  doi = {10.1029/GL007i009p00685}
}
Grassle JF (1980), "In situ studies of deep-sea communities", In Advanced Concepts in Ocean Measurements for Marine Biology. Columbia, S.C. (10), pp. 321-332. University of South Carolina Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grassle1980,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  editor = {Diemer, F P},
  title = {In situ studies of deep-sea communities},
  booktitle = {Advanced Concepts in Ocean Measurements for Marine Biology},
  publisher = {University of South Carolina Press},
  year = {1980},
  number = {10},
  pages = {321--332}
}
Green KE (1980), "Geothermal processes at the Galapagos spreading center" Cambridge and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 232. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Green1980,
  author = {Green, K E},
  title = {Geothermal processes at the Galapagos spreading center},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {232},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1829},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1829}
}
Hooke RL and Schlager W (1980), "Geomorphic evolution of the Tongue of the Ocean and the Providence Channels, Bahamas", Marine Geology. Vol. 35(4), pp. 343-366.
BibTeX:
@article{Hooke1980,
  author = {Hooke, R L and Schlager, W},
  title = {Geomorphic evolution of the Tongue of the Ocean and the Providence Channels, Bahamas},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--366},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90125-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(80)90125-5}
}
Jannasch HW, Cuhel RL, Wirsen CO and Taylor CD (1980), "An approach for in situ studies of deep-sea amphipods and their microbial gut flora", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 27(10), pp. 867-872.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1980,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Cuhel, R L and Wirsen, C O and Taylor, C D},
  title = {An approach for in situ studies of deep-sea amphipods and their microbial gut flora},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {27},
  number = {10},
  pages = {867--872},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(80)90050-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(80)90050-3}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1980), "Studies on the microbial turnover of organic substances in deep sea sediments", In Biogeochimie de la Matiere Organique a l'Interface Eau-Sediment Marin: Marseille 25-27 Avril 1979. Paris, France Vol. 293(293), pp. 289-290. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1980a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  editor = {Daumas, R},
  title = {Studies on the microbial turnover of organic substances in deep sea sediments},
  booktitle = {Biogeochimie de la Matiere Organique a l'Interface Eau-Sediment Marin: Marseille 25-27 Avril 1979},
  publisher = {Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {293},
  number = {293},
  pages = {289--290}
}
Juteau T, Eissen JP, Francheteau J, Needham HD, Choukroune P, Rangin C, Seguret M, Ballard RD, Fox PJ, Normark WR, Carranza A, Cordoba D and Guerrero J (1980), "Homogeneous basalts from the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: steady state magma reservoirs at moderately fast spreading centers", Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 3(4), pp. 487-503.
BibTeX:
@article{Juteau1980,
  author = {Juteau, T and Eissen, J P and Francheteau, J and Needham, H D and Choukroune, P and Rangin, C and Seguret, M and Ballard, R D and Fox, P J and Normark, W R and Carranza, A and Cordoba, D and Guerrero, J},
  title = {Homogeneous basalts from the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N: steady state magma reservoirs at moderately fast spreading centers},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {487--503}
}
Karl DM, Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1980), "Deep-sea primary production at the Galapagos hydrothermal vents", Science. Vol. 207(4437), pp. 1345-1347.
BibTeX:
@article{Karl1980,
  author = {Karl, D M and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Deep-sea primary production at the Galapagos hydrothermal vents},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {207},
  number = {4437},
  pages = {1345--1347}
}
Killingley JS, Berger WH, Macdonald KC and Newman WA (1980), "18O/16O variations in deep-sea carbonate shells from the Rise hydrothermal field", Nature. Vol. 287(5779), pp. 218-221.
BibTeX:
@article{Killingley1980,
  author = {Killingley, J S and Berger, W H and Macdonald, K C and Newman, W A},
  title = {18O/16O variations in deep-sea carbonate shells from the Rise hydrothermal field},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {287},
  number = {5779},
  pages = {218--221},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/287218a0},
  doi = {10.1038/287218a0}
}
Lupton JE, Klinkhammer GP, Normark WR, Haymon R, Macdonald KC, Weiss RF and Craig H (1980), "Helium-3 and manganese at the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise hydrothermal site", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 50(1), pp. 115-127.
BibTeX:
@article{Lupton1980,
  author = {Lupton, J E and Klinkhammer, G P and Normark, W R and Haymon, R and Macdonald, K C and Weiss, R F and Craig, H},
  title = {Helium-3 and manganese at the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise hydrothermal site},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--127},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90123-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(80)90123-5}
}
Macdonald KC, Becker K, Spiess FN and Ballard RD (1980), "Hydrothermal heat flux of the "black smoker" vents on the East Pacific Rise", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 48(1), pp. 1-7.
BibTeX:
@article{Macdonald1980,
  author = {Macdonald, K C and Becker, K and Spiess, F N and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Hydrothermal heat flux of the "black smoker" vents on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {48},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--7},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90163-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(80)90163-6}
}
Mottl MJ (1980), "Submarine hydrothermal ore deposits", Oceanus. Vol. 23(2), pp. 18-27.
BibTeX:
@article{Mottl1980,
  author = {Mottl, M J},
  title = {Submarine hydrothermal ore deposits},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18--27}
}
Mullins HT, Neumann AC, Weller RJ and Boardman MR (1980), "Nodular carbonate sediment on Bahamian slopes: Possible precursors to nodular limestones", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. Vol. 50(1), pp. 117-131.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1980,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Neumann, A C and Weller, R J and Boardman, M R},
  title = {Nodular carbonate sediment on Bahamian slopes: Possible precursors to nodular limestones},
  journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Petrology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {117--131},
  url = {http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/50/1/117}
}
Mullins HT, Neumann AC, Wilber RJ, Hine AC and Chinburg SJ (1980), "Carbonate sediment drifts in northern Straits of Florida", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 64(10), pp. 1701-1717.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1980a,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Neumann, A C and Wilber, R J and Hine, A C and Chinburg, S J},
  title = {Carbonate sediment drifts in northern Straits of Florida},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {64},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1701--1717}
}
Neiheisel J (1980), "Sediment characteristics of the 2800 and 3800 meter Atlantic nuclear waste sites applicable to isolation of radioactive waste", In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Use of Argillaceous Materials for the Isolation of Radioactive Waste, Paris, 10th-12th, September, 1979. Paris, France , pp. 203-220. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Neiheisel1980,
  author = {Neiheisel, J},
  title = {Sediment characteristics of the 2800 and 3800 meter Atlantic nuclear waste sites applicable to isolation of radioactive waste},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on the Use of Argillaceous Materials for the Isolation of Radioactive Waste, Paris, 10th-12th, September, 1979},
  publisher = {Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {203--220}
}
Schouten H, Karson JA and Dick HJB (1980), "Geometry of transform zones", Nature. Vol. 288(5790), pp. 470-473.
BibTeX:
@article{Schouten1980,
  author = {Schouten, H and Karson, J A and Dick, H J B},
  title = {Geometry of transform zones},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {288},
  number = {5790},
  pages = {470--473},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/288470a0},
  doi = {10.1038/288470a0}
}
Spiess FN (1980), "Some origins and perspectives in deep ocean instrumentation development", In Oceanography, the past. New York, N.Y. , pp. 226-239. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Spiess1980,
  author = {Spiess, F N},
  editor = {Sears, M},
  title = {Some origins and perspectives in deep ocean instrumentation development},
  booktitle = {Oceanography, the past},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {226--239}
}
Spiess FN, Macdonald KC, Atwater T, Ballard RD, Carranza A, Cordoba D, Cox C, Diaz Garcia VM, Francheteau J, Guerrero J, Hawkins J, Haymon R, Hessler R, Juteau T, Kastner M, Larson R, Luyendyk B, Macdougall JD, Miller S, Normark W, Orcutt J and Rangin C (1980), "East Pacific Rise: Hot springs and geophysical experiments", Science. Vol. 207(4438), pp. 1421-1433.
BibTeX:
@article{Spiess1980a,
  author = {Spiess, F N and Macdonald, K C and Atwater, T and Ballard, R D and Carranza, A and Cordoba, D and Cox, C and Diaz Garcia, V M and Francheteau, J and Guerrero, J and Hawkins, J and Haymon, R and Hessler, R and Juteau, T and Kastner, M and Larson, R and Luyendyk, B and Macdougall, J D and Miller, S and Normark, W and Orcutt, J and Rangin, C},
  title = {East Pacific Rise: Hot springs and geophysical experiments},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {207},
  number = {4438},
  pages = {1421--1433},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4438.1421},
  doi = {10.1126/science.207.4438.1421}
}
Thompson G, Bryan WB and Melson WG (1980), "Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center: Geochemical variation and petrogenesis of basalt glasses", Journal of Geology. Vol. 88(1), pp. 41-55.
BibTeX:
@article{Thompson1980,
  author = {Thompson, G and Bryan, W B and Melson, W G},
  title = {Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center: Geochemical variation and petrogenesis of basalt glasses},
  journal = {Journal of Geology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {88},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--55}
}
Valentine PC, Uzmann JR and Cooper RA (1980), "Geology and biology of Oceanographer Submarine Canyon", Marine Geology. Vol. 38(4), pp. 283-312.
BibTeX:
@article{Valentine1980,
  author = {Valentine, P C and Uzmann, J R and Cooper, R A},
  title = {Geology and biology of Oceanographer Submarine Canyon},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {38},
  number = {4},
  pages = {283--312},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90004-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(80)90004-3}
}
Valentine PC, Uzmann JR and Cooper RA (1980), "Geologic and biologic observations in Oceanographer Submarine Canyon: Descriptions of dives aboard the research submersibles Alvin (1967, 1978) and Nekton Gamma (1974)", In USGS open-file report. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 80-76, pp. 43. U.S. Geological Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Valentine1980a,
  author = {Valentine, P C and Uzmann, J R and Cooper, R A},
  title = {Geologic and biologic observations in Oceanographer Submarine Canyon: Descriptions of dives aboard the research submersibles Alvin (1967, 1978) and Nekton Gamma (1974)},
  booktitle = {USGS open-file report},
  publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {80-76},
  pages = {43}
}
Williams AB (1980), "A new crab family from the vicinity of submarine thermal vents on the Galapagos Rift (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol. 93(2), pp. 443-472.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams1980,
  author = {Williams, A B},
  title = {A new crab family from the vicinity of submarine thermal vents on the Galapagos Rift (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {93},
  number = {2},
  pages = {443--472}
}
Ballard RD (1979), "Research submersibles: Explorers of the ocean depths", In Britannica Yearbook of Science and the Future. Chicago, Ill. Vol. 1979, pp. 46-61. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1979,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Research submersibles: Explorers of the ocean depths},
  booktitle = {Britannica Yearbook of Science and the Future},
  publisher = {Encyclopaedia Britannica},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {1979},
  pages = {46--61}
}
Ballard RD (1979), "Life where the earth is renewed", World Book's Science Year in Review. Vol. 1979, pp. 12-27.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1979a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Life where the earth is renewed},
  journal = {World Book's Science Year in Review},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {1979},
  pages = {12--27}
}
Ballard RD (1979), "The Galapagos rift", In Encyclopedia Science Supplement 1979. Danbury, Conn. , pp. 134-139. Grolier, Inc.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1979b,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  editor = {Kondo, H},
  title = {The Galapagos rift},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia Science Supplement 1979},
  publisher = {Grolier, Inc},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {134--139}
}
Ballard RD (1979), "Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge system and their relationship to the future exploitation of the deep-sea", In Marine Sciences and Ocean Policy Symposium: A Definition of the Issues and a Search for a Consensus on Multiple Uses: A Symposium on the Occasion of the Inauguration of Robert A. Huttenback as Chancellor, University of California at Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara, Calif. University of California, Santa Barbara.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1979c,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  editor = {Simonett, D S},
  title = {Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge system and their relationship to the future exploitation of the deep-sea},
  booktitle = {Marine Sciences and Ocean Policy Symposium: A Definition of the Issues and a Search for a Consensus on Multiple Uses: A Symposium on the Occasion of the Inauguration of Robert A. Huttenback as Chancellor, University of California at Santa Barbara},
  publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
  year = {1979}
}
Ballard RD, Bryan WB, Davis K, de Boer J, DeLong S, Dick H, Emery KO, Fox PJ, Hempton M, Malcolm F, Melson WG, Spydell K, Stroup I, Thompson G, Wright R and Uchupi E (1979), "Geological and geophysical investigation of the Midcayman Rise spreading center: Initial results and observations", In Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust. Washington, D.C. (2), pp. 66-93. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1979d,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Bryan, W B and Davis, K and de Boer, J and DeLong, S and Dick, H and Emery, K O and Fox, P J and Hempton, M and Malcolm, F and Melson, W G and Spydell, K and Stroup, I and Thompson, G and Wright, R and Uchupi, E},
  editor = {Talwani, M},
  title = {Geological and geophysical investigation of the Midcayman Rise spreading center: Initial results and observations},
  booktitle = {Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1979},
  number = {2},
  pages = {66--93}
}
Ballard RD and Grassle JF (1979), "Return to oases of the deep", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 156(5), pp. 680-705.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1979e,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Grassle, J F},
  title = {Return to oases of the deep},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {156},
  number = {5},
  pages = {680--705}
}
Ballard RD, Holcomb RT and van Andel TH (1979), "The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 3, Sheet flows, collapse pits, and lava lakes of the rift valley", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 84(B10), pp. 5407-5422.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1979f,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Holcomb, R T and van Andel, T H},
  title = {The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 3, Sheet flows, collapse pits, and lava lakes of the rift valley},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {84},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {5407--5422},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB10p05407},
  doi = {10.1029/JB084iB10p05407}
}
Ballard RD (1979), "Incredible world of the deep-sea rifts", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 156(5), pp. 680-688.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1979g,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Incredible world of the deep-sea rifts},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {156},
  number = {5},
  pages = {680--688}
}
Bellaiche G, Rehault JP, Robin C, Gennesseaux M, Auzende JM and Boivin MC (1979), "Petrological evidence of a typical oceanic crust in the Western Meditteranean Sea", Marine Geology. Vol. 32(1-2), pp. M11-M18.
BibTeX:
@article{Bellaiche1979,
  author = {Bellaiche, G and Rehault, J P and Robin, C and Gennesseaux, M and Auzende, J M and Boivin, M C},
  title = {Petrological evidence of a typical oceanic crust in the Western Meditteranean Sea},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {M11--M18},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90141-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(79)90141-5}
}
Bender E (1979), "Slashed budgets cripple deepwater research fleet: Trend continues toward building coastal R/Vs", Sea Technology. Vol. 20(6), pp. 16-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Bender1979,
  author = {Bender, E},
  title = {Slashed budgets cripple deepwater research fleet: Trend continues toward building coastal R/Vs},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {16--18}
}
Bryan WB (1979), "Regional variation and petrogenesis of basalt glasses from the FAMOUS area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Journal of Petrology. Vol. 20(2), pp. 293-325.
BibTeX:
@article{Bryan1979,
  author = {Bryan, W B},
  title = {Regional variation and petrogenesis of basalt glasses from the FAMOUS area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Journal of Petrology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {293--325},
  url = {http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/2/293}
}
Bryan WB, Thompson G and Michael PJ (1979), "Compositional variation in a steady-state zoned magma chamber: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36 degrees 50'N", Tectonophysics. Vol. 55(1-2), pp. 63-85.
BibTeX:
@article{Bryan1979a,
  author = {Bryan, W B and Thompson, G and Michael, P J},
  title = {Compositional variation in a steady-state zoned magma chamber: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36 degrees 50'N},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {63--85},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90335-4},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(79)90335-4}
}
Corliss JB, Gordon LI and Edmond JM (1979), "Some implications of heat/mass ratios in Galapagos Rift hydrothermal fluids for models of sea water-rock interaction and the formation of oceanic crust", In Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust. Washington, D.C. (2), pp. 391-402. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Corliss1979,
  author = {Corliss, J B and Gordon, L I and Edmond, J M},
  editor = {Talwani, M},
  title = {Some implications of heat/mass ratios in Galapagos Rift hydrothermal fluids for models of sea water-rock interaction and the formation of oceanic crust},
  booktitle = {Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1979},
  number = {2},
  pages = {391--402}
}
Corliss JB, Dymond J, Gordon LI, Edmond JM, von Herzen RP, Ballard RD, Green K, Williams D, Bainbridge A, Crane K and van Andel TH (1979), "Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift", Science. Vol. 203(4385), pp. 1073-1083.
BibTeX:
@article{Corliss1979a,
  author = {Corliss, J B and Dymond, J and Gordon, L I and Edmond, J M and von Herzen, R P and Ballard, R D and Green, K and Williams, D and Bainbridge, A and Crane, K and van Andel, T H},
  title = {Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {203},
  number = {4385},
  pages = {1073--1083},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.203.4385.1073},
  doi = {10.1126/science.203.4385.1073}
}
Crane K (1979), "The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: Morphological wave forms: Evidence for a propagating rift", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 84(B11), pp. 6011-6018.
BibTeX:
@article{Crane1979,
  author = {Crane, K},
  title = {The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: Morphological wave forms: Evidence for a propagating rift},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {84},
  number = {B11},
  pages = {6011--6018},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB11p06011},
  doi = {10.1029/JB084iB11p06011}
}
Dayal R, Okubo A, Duedall IW and Ramamoorthy A (1979), "Radionuclide redistribution mechanisms at the 2800-m Atlantic nuclear waste disposal site", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 26(12), pp. 1329-1345.
BibTeX:
@article{Dayal1979,
  author = {Dayal, R and Okubo, A and Duedall, I W and Ramamoorthy, A},
  title = {Radionuclide redistribution mechanisms at the 2800-m Atlantic nuclear waste disposal site},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {26},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1329--1345},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(79)90002-5},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(79)90002-5}
}
Edmond J, Corliss J and Gordon LI (1979), "Ridge crest-hydrothermal metamorphism at the Galapagos spreading center and reverse weathering", In Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust. Washington, D.C. (2), pp. 383-390. American Geophysical Union.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Edmond1979,
  author = {Edmond, J and Corliss, J and Gordon, L I},
  editor = {Talwani, M},
  title = {Ridge crest-hydrothermal metamorphism at the Galapagos spreading center and reverse weathering},
  booktitle = {Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  year = {1979},
  number = {2},
  pages = {383--390}
}
Edmond JM, Measures C, Mangum B, Grant B, Sclater FR, Collier R, Hudson A, Gordon LI and Corliss JB (1979), "On the formation of metal-rich deposits at ridge crests", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 46(1), pp. 19-30.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1979a,
  author = {Edmond, J M and Measures, C and Mangum, B and Grant, B and Sclater, F R and Collier, R and Hudson, A and Gordon, L I and Corliss, J B},
  title = {On the formation of metal-rich deposits at ridge crests},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--30},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90062-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(79)90062-1}
}
Edmond JM, Measures C, McDuff RE, Chan LH, Collier R, Grant B, Gordon LI and Corless JB (1979), "Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the balances of the major and minor elements in the ocean: The Galapagos data", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 46(1), pp. 1-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Edmond1979b,
  author = {Edmond, J M and Measures, C and McDuff, R E and Chan, L H and Collier, R and Grant, B and Gordon, L I and Corless, J B},
  title = {Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the balances of the major and minor elements in the ocean: The Galapagos data},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {46},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--18},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90061-X},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(79)90061-X}
}
Francheteau J, Needham HD, Choukroune P, Juteau T, Seguret M, Ballard RD, Fox PJ, Normark W, Carranza A, Cordoba D, Guerrero J, Rangin C, Bougault H, Cambon P and Hekinian R (1979), "Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise", Nature. Vol. 277(5697), pp. 523-528.
BibTeX:
@article{Francheteau1979,
  author = {Francheteau, J and Needham, H D and Choukroune, P and Juteau, T and Seguret, M and Ballard, R D and Fox, P J and Normark, W and Carranza, A and Cordoba, D and Guerrero, J and Rangin, C and Bougault, H and Cambon, P and Hekinian, R},
  title = {Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {277},
  number = {5697},
  pages = {523--528},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/277523a0},
  doi = {10.1038/277523a0}
}
Grassle JF, Berg CJ, Childress JJ, Hessler RR, Jannasch HW, Karl DM, Lutz RA, Mickel TJ, Rhoads DC, Sanders HL, Smith KL, Somero GN, Turner RD, Tuttle JH, Walsh PJ and Williams AJ (1979), "Galapagos '79: Initial findings of a deep-sea biological quest", Oceanus. Vol. 22(2), pp. 2-10.
BibTeX:
@article{Grassle1979,
  author = {Grassle, J F and Berg, C J and Childress, J J and Hessler, R R and Jannasch, H W and Karl, D M and Lutz, R A and Mickel, T J and Rhoads, D C and Sanders, H L and Smith, K L and Somero, G N and Turner, R D and Tuttle, J H and Walsh, P J and Williams, A J},
  title = {Galapagos '79: Initial findings of a deep-sea biological quest},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {2--10}
}
Harbison GR and Campenot RB (1979), "Effects of temperature on the swimming of salps (Tunlcata thaliacea) implications for vertical migration", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 24(6), pp. 1081-1091.
BibTeX:
@article{Harbison1979,
  author = {Harbison, G R and Campenot, R B},
  title = {Effects of temperature on the swimming of salps (Tunlcata thaliacea) implications for vertical migration},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1081--1091},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol24/issue6/1081.pdf}
}
Heirtzler JR, Taylor PT, Ballard RD and Houghton RL (1979), "A visit to the New England Seamounts", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 79-17, pp. 7. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Heirtzler1979,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Taylor, P T and Ballard, R D and Houghton, R L},
  title = {A visit to the New England Seamounts},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {79-17},
  pages = {7}
}
Houghton RL, Heirtzler JR and Ballard RD (1979), "Submersible observations of the New England seamounts", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 79-18, pp. 8. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Houghton1979,
  author = {Houghton, R L and Heirtzler, J R and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Submersible observations of the New England seamounts},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {79-18},
  pages = {8}
}
Jannasch HW (1979), "Chemosynthetic production of biomass: An idea from a recent oceanographic discovery", Oceanus. Vol. 22(4), pp. 59-63.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1979,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Chemosynthetic production of biomass: An idea from a recent oceanographic discovery},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {59--63}
}
Jannasch HW (1979), "Microbial turnover of organic matter in the deep sea", BioScience. Vol. 29(4), pp. 228-232.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1979a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbial turnover of organic matter in the deep sea},
  journal = {BioScience},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {228--232},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1307627},
  doi = {10.2307/1307627}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1979), "Chemosynthetic primary production at East Pacific sea floor spreading centers", BioScience. Vol. 29(10), pp. 592-598.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1979b,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Chemosynthetic primary production at East Pacific sea floor spreading centers},
  journal = {BioScience},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {29},
  number = {10},
  pages = {592--598},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1307765},
  doi = {10.2307/1307765}
}
Jannasch HW (1979), "The ultimate sink", In Proceedings of the Workshop: Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Marine Environments, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 9-14 April 1978. Gulf Breeze, Fla. , pp. 3-9. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Jannasch1979c,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  editor = {Bourquin, A W},
  title = {The ultimate sink},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop: Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Marine Environments, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 9-14 April 1978},
  publisher = {Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {3--9}
}
Keller GH, Lambert DN and Bennett RH (1979), "Geotechnical properties of continental slope deposits: Cape Hatteras to Hydrographer Canyon", In Geology of Continental Slopes. Tulsa, Okla. (27), pp. 131-151. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Keller1979,
  author = {Keller, G H and Lambert, D N and Bennett, R H},
  editor = {Doyle, L J},
  title = {Geotechnical properties of continental slope deposits: Cape Hatteras to Hydrographer Canyon},
  booktitle = {Geology of Continental Slopes},
  publisher = {Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
  year = {1979},
  number = {27},
  pages = {131--151}
}
Koons CB and Thomas JP (1979), "C15+ hydrocarbons in the sediments of the New York Bight", In Proceedings: 1979 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), March 19-22, 1979, Los Angeles, California. Washington, D.C. , pp. 625-628. American Petroleum Institute.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Koons1979,
  author = {Koons, C B and Thomas, J P},
  title = {C15+ hydrocarbons in the sediments of the New York Bight},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 1979 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), March 19-22, 1979, Los Angeles, California},
  publisher = {American Petroleum Institute},
  year = {1979},
  pages = {625--628}
}
MacIlvaine JC and Ross DA (1979), "Sedimentary processes on the continental slope of New England", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. Vol. 49(2), pp. 563-574.
BibTeX:
@article{MacIlvaine1979,
  author = {MacIlvaine, J C and Ross, D A},
  title = {Sedimentary processes on the continental slope of New England},
  journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Petrology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {49},
  number = {2},
  pages = {563--574},
  url = {http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/2/563}
}
Marks NS (1979), "Sedimentation of new ocean crust: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37 degrees N" Stanford, Calif. Vol. M.S., pp. 71. Stanford University.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Marks1979,
  author = {Marks, N S},
  title = {Sedimentation of new ocean crust: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37 degrees N},
  publisher = {Stanford University},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {71}
}
Mart Y, Auffret GA, Auzende JM and Pastouret L (1979), "Geological observations from a submersible on the western continental slope of the Armorican Massif", Marine Geology. Vol. 31(3-4), pp. M61-M68.
BibTeX:
@article{Mart1979,
  author = {Mart, Y and Auffret, G A and Auzende, J M and Pastouret, L},
  title = {Geological observations from a submersible on the western continental slope of the Armorican Massif},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {M61--M68},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90033-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(79)90033-1}
}
Mullins HT, Boardman MR and Neumann AC (1979), "Echo character of off-platform carbonates", Marine Geology. Vol. 32(3-4), pp. 251-268.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1979,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Boardman, M R and Neumann, A C},
  title = {Echo character of off-platform carbonates},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {251--268},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90067-7},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(79)90067-7}
}
Mullins HT and Neumann AC (1979), "Deep carbonate bank margin structure and sedimentation in the northern Bahamas", In Geology of Continental Slopes. Tulsa, Okla. (27), pp. 165-192. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mullins1979a,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Neumann, A C},
  editor = {Doyle, L J},
  title = {Deep carbonate bank margin structure and sedimentation in the northern Bahamas},
  booktitle = {Geology of Continental Slopes},
  publisher = {Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
  year = {1979},
  number = {27},
  pages = {165--192}
}
Mullins HT and Neumann AC (1979), "Geology of the Miami Terrace and its paleo-oceanographic implications", Marine Geology. Vol. 30(3-4), pp. 205-232..
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1979b,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Neumann, A C},
  title = {Geology of the Miami Terrace and its paleo-oceanographic implications},
  journal = {Marine Geology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {205--232.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90016-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(79)90016-1}
}
Mullins HT and Neumann AC (1979), "Seismic facies and depositional processes of modern off-platform carbonate rocks in northern Bahamas", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 63(3), pp. 500.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1979c,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Neumann, A C},
  title = {Seismic facies and depositional processes of modern off-platform carbonate rocks in northern Bahamas},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {63},
  number = {3},
  pages = {500},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/2F917DAC-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D},
  doi = {10.1306/2F917DAC-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D}
}
Phillips JD, Driscoll AH, Peal KR, Marquet WM and Owen DM (1979), "A new undersea geological survey tool: Angus", Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. Vol. 26(2), pp. 211-225.
BibTeX:
@article{Phillips1979,
  author = {Phillips, J D and Driscoll, A H and Peal, K R and Marquet, W M and Owen, D M},
  title = {A new undersea geological survey tool: Angus},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--225},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(79)90077-3},
  doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(79)90077-3}
}
Polloni P, Haedrich R, Rowe G and Clifford CH (1979), "The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals", Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie. Vol. 64(1), pp. 39-46.
BibTeX:
@article{Polloni1979,
  author = {Polloni, P and Haedrich, R and Rowe, G and Clifford, C H},
  title = {The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals},
  journal = {Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--46},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19790640103},
  doi = {10.1002/iroh.19790640103}
}
Robins CR, Cohen DM and Robins CH (1979), "The eels, Anguilla and Histiobranchus, photographed on the floor of the deep Atlantic in the Bahamas", Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol. 29(3), pp. 401-405.
BibTeX:
@article{Robins1979,
  author = {Robins, C R and Cohen, D M and Robins, C H},
  title = {The eels, Anguilla and Histiobranchus, photographed on the floor of the deep Atlantic in the Bahamas},
  journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {401--405}
}
Rona PA (1979), "Diving with Alvin in submarine canyons", Museum International. Vol. 10(10), pp. 5-8.
BibTeX:
@article{Rona1979,
  author = {Rona, P A},
  title = {Diving with Alvin in submarine canyons},
  journal = {Museum International},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {10},
  number = {10},
  pages = {5--8}
}
Rowe GT and Gardner WD (1979), "Sedimentation rates in the slope water of the northwest Atlantic Ocean measured directly with sediment traps", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 37(3), pp. 581-600.
BibTeX:
@article{Rowe1979,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Gardner, W D},
  title = {Sedimentation rates in the slope water of the northwest Atlantic Ocean measured directly with sediment traps},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {37},
  number = {3},
  pages = {581--600}
}
Rowe GT (1979), "Monitoring with deep submersibles", In Monitoring the Marine Environment: Proceedings of an Institute of Biology Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 28 and 29 September 1979. London (24), pp. 75-85. Institute of Biology.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rowe1979a,
  author = {Rowe, G T},
  editor = {Nichols, D},
  title = {Monitoring with deep submersibles},
  booktitle = {Monitoring the Marine Environment: Proceedings of an Institute of Biology Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 28 and 29 September 1979},
  publisher = {Institute of Biology},
  year = {1979},
  number = {24},
  pages = {75--85}
}
Schlager W and Chermak A (1979), "Sediment facies of platform-basin transaction, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas", In Geology of Continental Slopes. Tulsa, Okla. (27), pp. 193-208. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Schlager1979,
  author = {Schlager, W and Chermak, A},
  editor = {Doyle, L J},
  title = {Sediment facies of platform-basin transaction, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas},
  booktitle = {Geology of Continental Slopes},
  publisher = {Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
  year = {1979},
  number = {27},
  pages = {193--208}
}
Schlee S (1979), "21 degrees North", Science 80. (Nov/Dec), pp. 36-47.
BibTeX:
@article{Schlee1979,
  author = {Schlee, S},
  title = {21 degrees North},
  journal = {Science 80},
  year = {1979},
  number = {Nov/Dec},
  pages = {36--47}
}
Smith W, Grassle JF and Kravitz D (1979), "Measures of diversity with unbiased estimates", In Ecological Diversity in Theory and Practice. Fairland, Md. (6), pp. 177-191. International Co-operative Publishing House.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Smith1979,
  author = {Smith, W and Grassle, J F and Kravitz, D},
  editor = {Grassle, J F},
  title = {Measures of diversity with unbiased estimates},
  booktitle = {Ecological Diversity in Theory and Practice},
  publisher = {International Co-operative Publishing House},
  year = {1979},
  number = {6},
  pages = {177--191}
}
Turekian KK, Cochran JK and Nozaki Y (1979), "Growth rate of a clam from the Galapagos Rise hot spring field using natural radionuclide ratios", Nature. Vol. 280(5721), pp. 385-387.
BibTeX:
@article{Turekian1979,
  author = {Turekian, K K and Cochran, J K and Nozaki, Y},
  title = {Growth rate of a clam from the Galapagos Rise hot spring field using natural radionuclide ratios},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {280},
  number = {5721},
  pages = {385--387},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/280385a0},
  doi = {10.1038/280385a0}
}
van Andel TH and Ballard RD (1979), "The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 2, Volcanism, structure, and evolution of the rift valley", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 84(B10), pp. 5390-5406.
BibTeX:
@article{VanAndel1979,
  author = {van Andel, T H and Ballard, R D},
  title = {The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 2, Volcanism, structure, and evolution of the rift valley},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {84},
  number = {B10},
  pages = {5390--5406},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB10p05390},
  doi = {10.1029/JB084iB10p05390}
}
Wells G, Bryan WB and Pearce TH (1979), "Comparative morphology of ancient and modern pillow lavas", Journal of Geology. Vol. 87(4), pp. 427-440.
BibTeX:
@article{Wells1979,
  author = {Wells, G and Bryan, W B and Pearce, T H},
  title = {Comparative morphology of ancient and modern pillow lavas},
  journal = {Journal of Geology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {87},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--440},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30059326}
}
Wiebe PH, Madin LP, Haury LR, Harbison GR and Philbin LM (1979), "Diel vertical migration by Salpa aspera and its potential for large-scale particulate organic matter transport to the deep-sea", Marine Biology. Vol. 53(3), pp. 249-255.
BibTeX:
@article{Wiebe1979,
  author = {Wiebe, P H and Madin, L P and Haury, L R and Harbison, G R and Philbin, L M},
  title = {Diel vertical migration by Salpa aspera and its potential for large-scale particulate organic matter transport to the deep-sea},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {53},
  number = {3},
  pages = {249--255},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00952433},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00952433}
}
Williams DL, Green K, van Andel TH, Von Herzen RP, Dymond JR and Crane K (1979), "The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 84(B13), pp. 7467-7484.
BibTeX:
@article{Williams1979,
  author = {Williams, D L and Green, K and van Andel, T H and Von Herzen, R P and Dymond, J R and Crane, K},
  title = {The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {84},
  number = {B13},
  pages = {7467--7484}
}
Wimbush H and Lesht B (1979), "Current-induced sediment movement in the deep Florida Straits; Critical parameters", Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 84(C5), pp. 2495-2502.
BibTeX:
@article{Wimbush1979,
  author = {Wimbush, H and Lesht, B},
  title = {Current-induced sediment movement in the deep Florida Straits; Critical parameters},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {84},
  number = {C5},
  pages = {2495--2502},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC05p02495},
  doi = {10.1029/JC084iC05p02495}
}
Zeff ML and Perkins RD (1979), "Microbial alteration of Bahamian deep-sea carbonates", Sedimentology. Vol. 26(2), pp. 175-201.
BibTeX:
@article{Zeff1979,
  author = {Zeff, M L and Perkins, R D},
  title = {Microbial alteration of Bahamian deep-sea carbonates},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--201},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00350.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00350.x}
}
Ballard RD (1978), "The ocean depths", In Ocean Realm. Washington, D.C. , pp. 148-167. National Geographic Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1978,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The ocean depths},
  booktitle = {Ocean Realm},
  publisher = {National Geographic Society},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {148--167}
}
Beaumariage DC and Miller JW (1978), "NOAA's manned undersea science and technology program and diving operations", In Working Diver 1978: Symposium Proceedings, March 7-8, 1978, Columbus, Ohio. Washington, D.C. , pp. 55-66. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Beaumariage1978,
  author = {Beaumariage, D C and Miller, J W},
  title = {NOAA's manned undersea science and technology program and diving operations},
  booktitle = {Working Diver 1978: Symposium Proceedings, March 7-8, 1978, Columbus, Ohio},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {55--66}
}
Cacchione DA, Rowe GT and Malahoff A (1978), "Submersible investigation of outer Hudson Submarine Canyon", In Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches. Stroudsburg, Penn. , pp. 42-50. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Cacchione1978,
  author = {Cacchione, D A and Rowe, G T and Malahoff, A},
  editor = {Stanley, D J},
  title = {Submersible investigation of outer Hudson Submarine Canyon},
  booktitle = {Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches},
  publisher = {Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {42--50}
}
Grassle JF (1978), "Diversity and population dynamics of benthic organisms", Oceanus. Vol. 21(1), pp. 42-49.
BibTeX:
@article{Grassle1978,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  title = {Diversity and population dynamics of benthic organisms},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {42--49}
}
Grassle JF (1978), "Life histories and genetic variation in marine invertebrates", In Marine Organisms: Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution. New York, N.Y. , pp. 347-364.. Plenum Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grassle1978a,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  editor = {Battaglia, B},
  title = {Life histories and genetic variation in marine invertebrates},
  booktitle = {Marine Organisms: Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {347--364.}
}
Hayward GG, McElroy WD, Hosom DS and Marquet WM (1978), "A systems approach to underwater camera data correlation and interpretation", In Oceans '78: "The Ocean Challenge": Fourth Annual Combined Conference, September 6-8, 1978, Sheration-Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C. , pp. 678-681. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Hayward1978,
  author = {Hayward, G G and McElroy, W D and Hosom, D S and Marquet, W M},
  title = {A systems approach to underwater camera data correlation and interpretation},
  booktitle = {Oceans '78: "The Ocean Challenge": Fourth Annual Combined Conference, September 6-8, 1978, Sheration-Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {678--681},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1978.1151067},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1978.1151067}
}
Hermes OD, Ballard RD and Banks PO (1978), "Upper Ordovician peralkalic granites from the Gulf of Maine", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 89(12), pp. 1761-1774.
BibTeX:
@article{Hermes1978,
  author = {Hermes, O D and Ballard, R D and Banks, P O},
  title = {Upper Ordovician peralkalic granites from the Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {89},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1761--1774},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89%3C1761:UOPGFT%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1761:UOPGFT>2.0.CO;2}
}
Honjo S (1978), "The scanning electron microscope in marine science", Oceanus. Vol. 21(3), pp. 19-29.
BibTeX:
@article{Honjo1978,
  author = {Honjo, S},
  title = {The scanning electron microscope in marine science},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {19--29}
}
Hosom DS (1978), "A pulsed light command system for the scamp platform and Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 19. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hosom1978,
  author = {Hosom, D S},
  title = {A pulsed light command system for the scamp platform and Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {19}
}
Jannasch HW (1978), "Experiments in deep-sea microbiology", Oceanus. Vol. 21(1), pp. 50-57.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1978,
  author = {Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Experiments in deep-sea microbiology},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--57}
}
Jenkins WJ, Edmond JM and Corliss JB (1978), "Excess 3He and 4He in Galapagos submarine hydrothermal waters", Nature. Vol. 272(5649), pp. 156-158.
BibTeX:
@article{Jenkins1978,
  author = {Jenkins, W J and Edmond, J M and Corliss, J B},
  title = {Excess 3He and 4He in Galapagos submarine hydrothermal waters},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {272},
  number = {5649},
  pages = {156--158},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/272156a0},
  doi = {10.1038/272156a0}
}
Keller GH and Shepard FP (1978), "Currents and sedimentary processes in submarine canyons off the northeast United States", In Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches. Stroudsburg, Penn. , pp. 15-31. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Keller1978,
  author = {Keller, G H and Shepard, F P},
  editor = {Stanley, D J},
  title = {Currents and sedimentary processes in submarine canyons off the northeast United States},
  booktitle = {Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches},
  publisher = {Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {15--31}
}
Madin LP and Harbison GR (1978), "Bathocyroe fosteri gen. nov., sp. nov.: A mesopelagic ctenophore observed and collected from a submersible", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Vol. 58(3), pp. 559-564.
BibTeX:
@article{Madin1978,
  author = {Madin, L P and Harbison, G R},
  title = {Bathocyroe fosteri gen. nov., sp. nov.: A mesopelagic ctenophore observed and collected from a submersible},
  journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {58},
  number = {3},
  pages = {559--564}
}
Malahoff A, Embley RW and Perry RB (1978), "Submarine landslides - East Coast continental slope and upper rise", In Oceans '78: "The Ocean Challenge": Fourth Annual Combined Conference, September 6-8, 1978, Sheration-Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C. , pp. 503-509. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Malahoff1978,
  author = {Malahoff, A and Embley, R W and Perry, R B},
  title = {Submarine landslides - East Coast continental slope and upper rise},
  booktitle = {Oceans '78: "The Ocean Challenge": Fourth Annual Combined Conference, September 6-8, 1978, Sheration-Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {503--509},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1978.1151087},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1978.1151087}
}
Marx RF (1978), "An illustrated history of submersibles", Oceans. Vol. 11(6), pp. 22-29.
BibTeX:
@article{Marx1978,
  author = {Marx, R F},
  title = {An illustrated history of submersibles},
  journal = {Oceans},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {6},
  pages = {22--29}
}
Mullins HT (1978), "Deep carbonate bank margin structure and sedimentation in the northern Bahamas" Chapel Hill, N. Car. Vol. Ph.D., pp. 175. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Mullins1978,
  author = {Mullins, H T},
  title = {Deep carbonate bank margin structure and sedimentation in the northern Bahamas},
  publisher = {University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {175}
}
Mullins HT, Lynts GW, Neumann AC and Ball MM (1978), "Characteristics of deep Bahama channels in relation to hydrocarbon potential", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 62(4), pp. 693-704.
BibTeX:
@article{Mullins1978a,
  author = {Mullins, H T and Lynts, G W and Neumann, A C and Ball, M M},
  title = {Characteristics of deep Bahama channels in relation to hydrocarbon potential},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {62},
  number = {4},
  pages = {693--704},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/C1EA4E37-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D},
  doi = {10.1306/C1EA4E37-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D}
}
Neumann AC (1978), "Lithotherms in the Straits of Florida: Comment and reply", Geology. Vol. 6(1), pp. 7-8.
BibTeX:
@article{Neumann1978,
  author = {Neumann, A C},
  title = {Lithotherms in the Straits of Florida: Comment and reply},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7--8},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6%3C7:LITSOF%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<7:LITSOF>2.0.CO;2}
}
Rowe GT and Clifford CH (1978), "Sediment data from short cores taken in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 78-46, pp. 58. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Rowe1978,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Clifford, C H},
  title = {Sediment data from short cores taken in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {78-46},
  pages = {58}
}
Ryan WBF, Cita MB, Miller EL, Hanselman D, Nesteroff WD, Hacker B and Nibbelink M (1978), "Bedrock geology in New England submarine canyons", Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 1(2), pp. 233-254.
BibTeX:
@article{Ryan1978,
  author = {Ryan, W B F and Cita, M B and Miller, E L and Hanselman, D and Nesteroff, W D and Hacker, B and Nibbelink, M},
  title = {Bedrock geology in New England submarine canyons},
  journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {233--254}
}
Ryan WBF, Miller E, Cita MB, Hanselman D, Nesteroff WD and Nibbelink M (1978), "Geologic history of Georges Bank as determined by submersible exploration of submarine canyons", In Proceedings - Offshore Technology Conference. Dallas, TX , pp. 1859-1868. Offshore Technology Conference.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ryan1978a,
  author = {Ryan, W B F and Miller, E and Cita, M B and Hanselman, D and Nesteroff, W D and Nibbelink, M},
  title = {Geologic history of Georges Bank as determined by submersible exploration of submarine canyons},
  booktitle = {Proceedings - Offshore Technology Conference},
  publisher = {Offshore Technology Conference},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {1859--1868}
}
Schlager W and James NP (1978), "Low-magnesian calcite limestones forming at the deep-sea floor, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas", Sedimentology. Vol. 25(5), pp. 675-699.
BibTeX:
@article{Schlager1978,
  author = {Schlager, W and James, N P},
  title = {Low-magnesian calcite limestones forming at the deep-sea floor, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {675--699},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1978.tb00325.x},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.1978.tb00325.x}
}
Sharp AG (1978), "The coefficient of static friction of monel K-500 on phosphor bronze", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 78-77, pp. 6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1978,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {The coefficient of static friction of monel K-500 on phosphor bronze},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {78-77},
  pages = {6}
}
Sharp AG (1978), "Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1978", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1978a,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1978},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Smith KL (1978), "Benthic community respiration in the N.W. Atlantic Ocean: In situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m", Marine Biology. Vol. 47(4), pp. 337-347.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1978,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Benthic community respiration in the N.W. Atlantic Ocean: In situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {337--347},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388925},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00388925}
}
Smith KL (1978), "Metabolism of the abyssopelogic rattail Conyphaenoides anmatus measured in situ", Nature. Vol. 274(5669), pp. 362-364.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1978a,
  author = {Smith, K L},
  title = {Metabolism of the abyssopelogic rattail Conyphaenoides anmatus measured in situ},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {274},
  number = {5669},
  pages = {362--364},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/274362a0},
  doi = {10.1038/274362a0}
}
Smith KL, White GA, Laver MB and Haugsness JA (1978), "Nutrient exchange and oxygen consumption by deep-sea benthic communities: Preliminary in situ measurements", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 23(5), pp. 997-1005.
BibTeX:
@article{Smith1978b,
  author = {Smith, K L and White, G A and Laver, M B and Haugsness, J A},
  title = {Nutrient exchange and oxygen consumption by deep-sea benthic communities: Preliminary in situ measurements},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {997--1005},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol23/issue5/0997.pdf}
}
Turekian KK, Cochran JK and DeMaster DJ (1978), "Bioturbation in deep-sea deposits: Rates and consequences", Oceanus. Vol. 21(1), pp. 34-41.
BibTeX:
@article{Turekian1978,
  author = {Turekian, K K and Cochran, J K and DeMaster, D J},
  title = {Bioturbation in deep-sea deposits: Rates and consequences},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {34--41}
}
(1978), "French, American scientists to cooperate in oceanography", Sea Technology. Vol. 19(2), pp. 16.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {French, American scientists to cooperate in oceanography},
  journal = {Sea Technology},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16}
}
Ballard RD and van Andel TH (1977), "Project FAMOUS: Operational techniques and American submersible operations", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 495-506.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1977,
  author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H},
  title = {Project FAMOUS: Operational techniques and American submersible operations},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {495--506},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C495:PFOTAA%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<495:PFOTAA>2.0.CO;2}
}
Ballard RD (1977), "Notes on a major oceanographic find", Oceanus. Vol. 20(3), pp. 35-44.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1977a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Notes on a major oceanographic find},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35--44}
}
Ballard RD and Moore JG (1977), "Photographic atlas of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valley" New York, N.Y. , pp. 125. Springer-Verlag.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1977b,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Moore, J G},
  title = {Photographic atlas of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valley},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {125}
}
Ballard RD and van Andel TH (1977), "Morphology and tectonics of the inner rift valley at lat 36 degrees 50' N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 507-530.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1977c,
  author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H},
  title = {Morphology and tectonics of the inner rift valley at lat 36 degrees 50' N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {507--530},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C507:MATOTI%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<507:MATOTI>2.0.CO;2}
}
Bryan WB and Moore JG (1977), "Compositional variations of young basalts in the Mid-Atlantic ridge rift near lat 36 degrees 49' N", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 556-570.
BibTeX:
@article{Bryan1977,
  author = {Bryan, W B and Moore, J G},
  title = {Compositional variations of young basalts in the Mid-Atlantic ridge rift near lat 36 degrees 49' N},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {556--570},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C556:CVOYBI%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<556:CVOYBI>2.0.CO;2}
}
Bryan WB and Thompson G (1977), "Basalts from DSDP leg 37 and the FAMOUS area: Compositional and petrogenic comparisons", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 14(4), pp. 875-885.
BibTeX:
@article{Bryan1977a,
  author = {Bryan, W B and Thompson, G},
  title = {Basalts from DSDP leg 37 and the FAMOUS area: Compositional and petrogenic comparisons},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {875--885}
}
Cohen EM (1977), "Operational cruise report: Albatross IV cruise AMC-SP-6-AL-75, baseline investigation of Deepwater Dumpsite 106", In Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Rockville, Md. Vol. 3(77-1), pp. 565-798. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Cohen1977,
  author = {Cohen, E M},
  title = {Operational cruise report: Albatross IV cruise AMC-SP-6-AL-75, baseline investigation of Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  booktitle = {Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {3},
  number = {77-1},
  pages = {565--798}
}
Cohen DM and Pawson DL (1977), "Observations from the DSRV Alvin on populations of benthic fishes and selected larger invertebrates in and near DWD-106", In Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Rockville, MD Vol. 2(77-1), pp. 423-450. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Cohen1977a,
  author = {Cohen, D M and Pawson, D L},
  title = {Observations from the DSRV Alvin on populations of benthic fishes and selected larger invertebrates in and near DWD-106},
  booktitle = {Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  number = {77-1},
  pages = {423--450}
}
Cole T and Turner RD (1977), "Genetic relations of deep sea wood borers", Bulletin of the American Malacological Union. , pp. 19-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Cole1977,
  author = {Cole, T and Turner, R D},
  title = {Genetic relations of deep sea wood borers},
  journal = {Bulletin of the American Malacological Union},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {19--25}
}
Corliss JB and Ballard RD (1977), "Oasis of life in the cold abyss", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 152(4), pp. 441-453.
BibTeX:
@article{Corliss1977,
  author = {Corliss, J B and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Oasis of life in the cold abyss},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {152},
  number = {4},
  pages = {441--453}
}
Estabrook N, Wheeler H, Uhler D and Hackman D (1977), "Development of deep-ocean work system", Mechanism and Machine Theory. Vol. 12(5), pp. 569-576.
BibTeX:
@article{Estabrook1977,
  author = {Estabrook, N and Wheeler, H and Uhler, D and Hackman, D},
  title = {Development of deep-ocean work system},
  journal = {Mechanism and Machine Theory},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {569--576},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-114X(77)90049-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0094-114X(77)90049-0}
}
Fehn U, Siegel MD, Robinson GR, Holland HD, Williams DL, Erickson AJ and Green KE (1977), "Deep-water temperatures in the FAMOUS area", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 488-494.
BibTeX:
@article{Fehn1977,
  author = {Fehn, U and Siegel, M D and Robinson, G R and Holland, H D and Williams, D L and Erickson, A J and Green, K E},
  title = {Deep-water temperatures in the FAMOUS area},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {488--494},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C488:DTITFA%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<488:DTITFA>2.0.CO;2}
}
Gardner WD (1977), "Fluxes, dynamics and chemistry of particulates in the ocean" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 405. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Gardner1977,
  author = {Gardner, W D},
  title = {Fluxes, dynamics and chemistry of particulates in the ocean},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {405},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1546},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1546}
}
Grassle JF (1977), "Temporal adaptations in sibling species of Capitella", In Ecology of Marine Benthos. Columbia, S.C. (6), pp. 177-189. University of South Carolina Press.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Grassle1977,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  editor = {Coull, B C},
  title = {Temporal adaptations in sibling species of Capitella},
  booktitle = {Ecology of Marine Benthos},
  publisher = {University of South Carolina Press},
  year = {1977},
  number = {6},
  pages = {177--189}
}
Grassle JF (1977), "Slow recolonisation of deep-sea sediment", Nature. Vol. 265(5595), pp. 618-619.
BibTeX:
@article{Grassle1977a,
  author = {Grassle, J F},
  title = {Slow recolonisation of deep-sea sediment},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {265},
  number = {5595},
  pages = {618--619},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/265618a0},
  doi = {10.1038/265618a0}
}
Haedrich KL and Rowe GT (1977), "Megafaunal biomass in the deep sea", Nature. Vol. 269(5624), pp. 141-142.
BibTeX:
@article{Haedrich1977,
  author = {Haedrich, K L and Rowe, G T},
  title = {Megafaunal biomass in the deep sea},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {269},
  number = {5624},
  pages = {141--142},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/269141a0},
  doi = {10.1038/269141a0}
}
Heezen BC (1977), "Six dives to the lower continental slope and upper continental rise southwest of Hudson Canyon geological aspects", In Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Rockville, Md. Vol. 1(77-1), pp. 9-27. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Heezen1977,
  author = {Heezen, B C},
  title = {Six dives to the lower continental slope and upper continental rise southwest of Hudson Canyon geological aspects},
  booktitle = {Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {77-1},
  pages = {9--27}
}
Heirtzler JR and Hays HC (1977), "Station locations for Atlantis II-73, Atlantis II-77, and Knorr-42 cruises and Alvin dive tracks in the FAMOUS area", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 77-9, pp. 24. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Heirtzler1977,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Hays, H C},
  title = {Station locations for Atlantis II-73, Atlantis II-77, and Knorr-42 cruises and Alvin dive tracks in the FAMOUS area},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {77-9},
  pages = {24}
}
Heirtzler JR, Taylor PT, Ballard RD and Houghton RL (1977), "The 1974 Alvin dives on Corner Rise and New England seamounts", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 77-8, pp. 53. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Heirtzler1977a,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Taylor, P T and Ballard, R D and Houghton, R L},
  title = {The 1974 Alvin dives on Corner Rise and New England seamounts},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {77-8},
  pages = {53}
}
Heirtzler JR, Taylor PT, Ballard RD and Houghton RL (1977), "A visit to the New England seamounts", American Scientist. Vol. 65(4), pp. 466-472.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1977b,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Taylor, P T and Ballard, R D and Houghton, R L},
  title = {A visit to the New England seamounts},
  journal = {American Scientist},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  pages = {466--472}
}
Heirtzler JR and van Andel TH (1977), "Project FAMOUS: Its origin, programs, and setting", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 481-487.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1977c,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and van Andel, T H},
  title = {Project FAMOUS: Its origin, programs, and setting},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {481--487},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C481:PFIOPA%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<481:PFIOPA>2.0.CO;2}
}
Heirtzler JR (1977), "Detailed structure of Mid-Atlantic Rift valley floor", Tectonophysics. Vol. 38(1-2), pp. 7-10.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1977d,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R},
  title = {Detailed structure of Mid-Atlantic Rift valley floor},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {7--10},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(77)90198-6},
  doi = {10.1016/0040-1951(77)90198-6}
}
Heirtzler JR and Ballard RD (1977), "Submersible observations at the Hole 332B area", In Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project: A Project Planned by and Carried Out with the Advice of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling. Washington, D.C. Vol. 37, pp. 363-365. National Science Foundation.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Heirtzler1977e,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Submersible observations at the Hole 332B area},
  booktitle = {Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project: A Project Planned by and Carried Out with the Advice of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling},
  publisher = {National Science Foundation},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {363--365},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.37.109.1977},
  doi = {10.2973/dsdp.proc.37.109.1977}
}
Houghton RL, Heirtzler JR, Ballard RD and Taylor PT (1977), "Submersible observations of the New England seamounts", Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 64(7), pp. 348-355.
BibTeX:
@article{Houghton1977,
  author = {Houghton, R L and Heirtzler, J R and Ballard, R D and Taylor, P T},
  title = {Submersible observations of the New England seamounts},
  journal = {Naturwissenschaften},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {64},
  number = {7},
  pages = {348--355},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368733},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00368733}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1977), "Microbial life in the deep sea", Scientific American. Vol. 236(6), pp. 42-52.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1977,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Microbial life in the deep sea},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {236},
  number = {6},
  pages = {42--52}
}
Keller GH (1977), "The submersible- a unique tool for marine geology", In Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering. New York, N.Y. (17), pp. 213-234. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co..
BibTeX:
@incollection{Keller1977,
  author = {Keller, G H},
  editor = {Geyer, R A},
  title = {The submersible- a unique tool for marine geology},
  booktitle = {Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering},
  publisher = {Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  number = {17},
  pages = {213--234}
}
Neumann AC, Kofoed JW and Keller GH (1977), "Lithotherms in the Straits of Florida", Geology. Vol. 5(1), pp. 4-10.
BibTeX:
@article{Neumann1977,
  author = {Neumann, A C and Kofoed, J W and Keller, G H},
  title = {Lithotherms in the Straits of Florida},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {4--10},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5%3C4:LITSOF%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<4:LITSOF>2.0.CO;2}
}
Nozaki Y, Cochran JK, Turekian KK and Keller G (1977), "Radiocarbon and 210Pb distribution in submersible-taken deep-sea cores from Project FAMOUS", Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 34(2), pp. 167-173.
BibTeX:
@article{Nozaki1977,
  author = {Nozaki, Y and Cochran, J K and Turekian, K K and Keller, G},
  title = {Radiocarbon and 210Pb distribution in submersible-taken deep-sea cores from Project FAMOUS},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--173},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(77)90001-2},
  doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(77)90001-2}
}
Ramberg IB and van Andel TH (1977), "Morphology and tectonic evolution of the rift valley at lat 36 degrees 30' N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 577-586.
BibTeX:
@article{Ramberg1977,
  author = {Ramberg, I B and van Andel, T H},
  title = {Morphology and tectonic evolution of the rift valley at lat 36 degrees 30' N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {577--586},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C577:MATEOT%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<577:MATEOT>2.0.CO;2}
}
Rowe GT, Haedrich RL, Polloni PT and Clifford CH (1977), "Epifaunal megabenthos in DWD 106", In Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Rockville, Md. Vol. 2(77-1), pp. 459-464. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rowe1977,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Haedrich, R L and Polloni, P T and Clifford, C H},
  title = {Epifaunal megabenthos in DWD 106},
  booktitle = {Baseline Report of Environmental Conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {2},
  number = {77-1},
  pages = {459--464}
}
Sharp A and Shumaker LA (1977), "DSRV Alvin: A review of accomplishments", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-114, pp. 86. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1977,
  author = {Sharp, A and Shumaker, L A},
  title = {DSRV Alvin: A review of accomplishments},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {76-114},
  pages = {86}
}
Sulak KJ (1977), "Alvin: Window in the deep", Sea Frontiers. Vol. 23(2), pp. 113-119.
BibTeX:
@article{Sulak1977,
  author = {Sulak, K J},
  title = {Alvin: Window in the deep},
  journal = {Sea Frontiers},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--119}
}
Survey NO (1977), "Baseline report of environmental conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106", In NOAA Dumpsite Evaluation Report. Rockville, Md. , pp. 798. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey.
BibTeX:
@book{Survey1977,
  author = {Survey, National Ocean},
  title = {Baseline report of environmental conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106},
  booktitle = {NOAA Dumpsite Evaluation Report},
  publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {798}
}
Talkington H and Geyer RA (1977), "Manned and remotely operated submersible systems: A comparison", In Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering. New York, N.Y. (17), pp. 77-95. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co..
BibTeX:
@incollection{Talkington1977,
  author = {Talkington, H and Geyer, R A},
  editor = {Geyer, R A},
  title = {Manned and remotely operated submersible systems: A comparison},
  booktitle = {Submersibles and Their Use in Oceanography and Ocean Engineering},
  publisher = {Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.},
  year = {1977},
  number = {17},
  pages = {77--95}
}
Turner RD (1977), "Wood, mollusks and deep sea food chains", Bulletin of the American Malacological Union. , pp. 13-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Turner1977,
  author = {Turner, R D},
  title = {Wood, mollusks and deep sea food chains},
  journal = {Bulletin of the American Malacological Union},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {13--19}
}
Uchupi E, Ballard RD and Ellis JP (1977), "Continental slope and upper rise off western Nova Scotia and Georges Bank", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 61(9), pp. 1483-1492.
BibTeX:
@article{Uchupi1977,
  author = {Uchupi, E and Ballard, R D and Ellis, J P},
  title = {Continental slope and upper rise off western Nova Scotia and Georges Bank},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {61},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1483--1492},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/C1EA45B8-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D},
  doi = {10.1306/C1EA45B8-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D}
}
White WR and Bryan WB (1977), "Sr-isotope, K, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, and rare-earth geochemistry of basalts from the FAMOUS area", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 88(4), pp. 571-576.
BibTeX:
@article{White1977,
  author = {White, W R and Bryan, W B},
  title = {Sr-isotope, K, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, and rare-earth geochemistry of basalts from the FAMOUS area},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {88},
  number = {4},
  pages = {571--576},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88%3C571:SKRCSB%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<571:SKRCSB>2.0.CO;2}
}
(1977), "A study of hydrothermal processes on the Galapagos Rift: Cruise report, Knorr-Lulu-Alvin diving expedition to the sea floor hot springs of the Galapagos Rift, February-March 1977", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 187. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {A study of hydrothermal processes on the Galapagos Rift: Cruise report, Knorr-Lulu-Alvin diving expedition to the sea floor hot springs of the Galapagos Rift, February-March 1977},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1977},
  pages = {187}
}
Ballard RD (1976), "Application of deepwater mapping techniques in specific geologic programs project FAMOUS Cayman Trench", In Oceans '76: Second Annual Combined Conference, September 13-15, 1976, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.. New York, N.Y. , pp. 87. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1976,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Application of deepwater mapping techniques in specific geologic programs project FAMOUS Cayman Trench},
  booktitle = {Oceans '76: Second Annual Combined Conference, September 13-15, 1976, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {87},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154241},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154241}
}
Ballard RD (1976), "Marine geophysics in the Caribbean", In Geophysics in the Americas: A Symposium of the Geophysics Commission of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History, Ottawa, Canada, September, 1976. Ottawa, Ont. (46, no. 3), pp. 102-104. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, Earth Physics Branch.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Ballard1976a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  editor = {Tanner, J G},
  title = {Marine geophysics in the Caribbean},
  booktitle = {Geophysics in the Americas: A Symposium of the Geophysics Commission of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History, Ottawa, Canada, September, 1976},
  publisher = {Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, Earth Physics Branch},
  year = {1976},
  number = {46, no. 3},
  pages = {102--104}
}
Ballard RD (1976), "Window on Earth's interior", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 150, pp. 228-249.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1976b,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Window on Earth's interior},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {150},
  pages = {228--249}
}
Barnes AT, Quetin LB, Childress JJ and Pawson DL (1976), "Deep-sea macroplanktonic sea cucumbers: suspended sediment feeders captured from deep submergence vehicle", Science. Vol. 194(4269), pp. 1083-1085.
BibTeX:
@article{Barnes1976,
  author = {Barnes, A T and Quetin, L B and Childress, J J and Pawson, D L},
  title = {Deep-sea macroplanktonic sea cucumbers: suspended sediment feeders captured from deep submergence vehicle},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {194},
  number = {4269},
  pages = {1083--1085},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.194.4269.1083},
  doi = {10.1126/science.194.4269.1083}
}
Bertsche WR, Pesch AJ and Winget CL (1976), "Description of an experimental undersea manipulator system with force feedback: November 1975", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 28. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bertsche1976,
  author = {Bertsche, W R and Pesch, A J and Winget, C L},
  title = {Description of an experimental undersea manipulator system with force feedback: November 1975},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {28}
}
Bertsche WR, Pesch AJ and Winget CL (1976), "Potential design alternatives and analysis of system response variables, characteristic of undersea manipulators with force feedback", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 66. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bertsche1976a,
  author = {Bertsche, W R and Pesch, A J and Winget, C L},
  title = {Potential design alternatives and analysis of system response variables, characteristic of undersea manipulators with force feedback},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {66}
}
Bertsche WR, Pesch AJ and Winget CL (1976), "Investigation of operator performance and related design variables in undersea force feedback manipulator systems, December 1975", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-47, pp. 35. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bertsche1976b,
  author = {Bertsche, W R and Pesch, A J and Winget, C L},
  title = {Investigation of operator performance and related design variables in undersea force feedback manipulator systems, December 1975},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {76-47},
  pages = {35}
}
Bland EL, Donnelly JD and Shumaker LA (1976), "Alvin users manual", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 36. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bland1976,
  author = {Bland, E L and Donnelly, J D and Shumaker, L A},
  title = {Alvin users manual},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {36}
}
Dyer RS (1976), "Environmental surveys of two deepsea radioactive waste disposal sites using submersibles", In Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Vienna, Austria Vol. 2, pp. 317-338. International Atomic Energy Agency.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Dyer1976,
  author = {Dyer, R S},
  title = {Environmental surveys of two deepsea radioactive waste disposal sites using submersibles},
  booktitle = {Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle},
  publisher = {International Atomic Energy Agency},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {317--338}
}
Hays EE (1976), "Technical report, ARPA Program final report: 1 February 1971-31 December 1975", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-9, pp. 29. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hays1976,
  author = {Hays, E E},
  title = {Technical report, ARPA Program final report: 1 February 1971-31 December 1975},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {76-9},
  pages = {29}
}
Heirtzler JR and Grassle JF (1976), "Deep-sea research by manned submersibles", Science. Vol. 194(4262), pp. 294-299.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1976,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Grassle, J F},
  title = {Deep-sea research by manned submersibles},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {194},
  number = {4262},
  pages = {294--299},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.194.4262.294},
  doi = {10.1126/science.194.4262.294}
}
Hekinian R, Moore JG and Bryan WB (1976), "Volcanic rocks and processes of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near 36 degrees 49' N", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. Vol. 58(1), pp. 83-110.
BibTeX:
@article{Hekinian1976,
  author = {Hekinian, R and Moore, J G and Bryan, W B},
  title = {Volcanic rocks and processes of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near 36 degrees 49' N},
  journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--110},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384746},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00384746}
}
Marshall P (1976), "Alvin noses nuclear garbage from ocean depths", Nuclear Engineering International. Vol. 21(248), pp. 31-32.
BibTeX:
@article{Marshall1976,
  author = {Marshall, P},
  title = {Alvin noses nuclear garbage from ocean depths},
  journal = {Nuclear Engineering International},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {21},
  number = {248},
  pages = {31--32}
}
Phillips JD, Pearl KR and Marquet WM (1976), "An integrated approach to seafloor geologic mapping on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - Angus, Alvin and Sonarray", In Oceans '76: Second Annual Combined Conference, September 13-15, 1976, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.. New York, N.Y. , pp. 8C1-8C8. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Phillips1976,
  author = {Phillips, J D and Pearl, K R and Marquet, W M},
  title = {An integrated approach to seafloor geologic mapping on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - Angus, Alvin and Sonarray},
  booktitle = {Oceans '76: Second Annual Combined Conference, September 13-15, 1976, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {8C1--8C8},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154207},
  doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154207}
}
Rowe GT, Polloni PT and Haedrich RL (1976), "Quantitative biological assessment of the benthic fauna in deep basins of the Gulf of Maine", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-62, pp. 12. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Rowe1976,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Polloni, P T and Haedrich, R L},
  title = {Quantitative biological assessment of the benthic fauna in deep basins of the Gulf of Maine},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {76-62},
  pages = {12}
}
Schlager W, Hooke RL and James NP (1976), "Episodic erosion and deposition in the Tongue of the Ocean (Bahamas)", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 87(8), pp. 1115-1118.
BibTeX:
@article{Schlager1976,
  author = {Schlager, W and Hooke, R L and James, N P},
  title = {Episodic erosion and deposition in the Tongue of the Ocean (Bahamas)},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {87},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1115--1118},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87%3C1115:EEADIT%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1115:EEADIT>2.0.CO;2}
}
Sharp AG (1976), "DSRV Alvin weight report: 1976", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, MA , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1976,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report: 1976},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {var.}
}
Sharp AG and Sullivan JR (1976), "A pendulum inclinometer for use with small deep-submersibles", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-82, pp. 5. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1976a,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Sullivan, J R},
  title = {A pendulum inclinometer for use with small deep-submersibles},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {76-82},
  pages = {5},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/643},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/643}
}
Sharp AG, Walden BB and Hosom DS (1976), "Alvin titanium electrical penetrator design, manufacture and testing: Interim report", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 68. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1976b,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Walden, B B and Hosom, D S},
  title = {Alvin titanium electrical penetrator design, manufacture and testing: Interim report},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  pages = {68},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4338},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/4338}
}
Tuttle JH and Jannasch HW (1976), "Microbial utilization of thiosulfate in the deep sea", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 21(5), pp. 697-701.
BibTeX:
@article{Tuttle1976,
  author = {Tuttle, J H and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Microbial utilization of thiosulfate in the deep sea},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {21},
  number = {5},
  pages = {697--701},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol21/issue5/0697.pdf}
}
Wiebe PH, Boyd SH and Winget CL (1976), "Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 76-85, pp. 14. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Wiebe1976,
  author = {Wiebe, P H and Boyd, S H and Winget, C L},
  title = {Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {76-85},
  pages = {14},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1792},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1792}
}
Wiebe PH, Boyd SH and Winget CL (1976), "Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap", Journal of Marine Research. Vol. 34(3), pp. 341-354.
BibTeX:
@article{Wiebe1976a,
  author = {Wiebe, P H and Boyd, S H and Winget, C L},
  title = {Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {34},
  number = {3},
  pages = {341--354}
}
Wirsen CO and Jannasch HW (1976), "Decomposition of solid organic materials in the deep sea", Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 10(9), pp. 880-886.
BibTeX:
@article{Wirsen1976,
  author = {Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W},
  title = {Decomposition of solid organic materials in the deep sea},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  number = {9},
  pages = {880--886},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60120a002},
  doi = {10.1021/es60120a002}
}
(1976), "Alvin participates in retrieval of radioactive waste containers", Woods Hole Notes. Vol. 8(3), pp. 3.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin participates in retrieval of radioactive waste containers},
  journal = {Woods Hole Notes},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {3}
}
Ballard RD (1975), "Probing the Mid-Atlantic Rift", Science Teacher. Vol. 42, pp. 12-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1975,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Probing the Mid-Atlantic Rift},
  journal = {Science Teacher},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {12--18}
}
Ballard RD (1975), "Improving the usefulness of deep-sea photographs with precision tracking", Oceanus. Vol. 18(3), pp. 40-43.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1975a,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Improving the usefulness of deep-sea photographs with precision tracking},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40--43}
}
Ballard RD and Uchupi E (1975), "Triassic rift structure in the Gulf of Maine", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 59(7), pp. 1041-1072.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1975b,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Uchupi, E},
  title = {Triassic rift structure in the Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {59},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1041--1072}
}
Ballard RD (1975), "Dive into the great rift", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 147(5), pp. 604-615.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1975c,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Dive into the great rift},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {147},
  number = {5},
  pages = {604--615}
}
Davis RE, Williams DL and Von Herzen RP (1975), "ARPA rock drill report", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 75-28, pp. 29. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Davis1975,
  author = {Davis, R E and Williams, D L and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {ARPA rock drill report},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {75-28},
  pages = {29}
}
Grassle JF, Sanders HL, Hessler RR, Rowe GT and McLellan T (1975), "Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal megafauna using the research submersible Alvin", Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. Vol. 22(7), pp. 457-482.
BibTeX:
@article{Grassle1975,
  author = {Grassle, J F and Sanders, H L and Hessler, R R and Rowe, G T and McLellan, T},
  title = {Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal megafauna using the research submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {22},
  number = {7},
  pages = {457--482},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(75)90020-0},
  doi = {10.1016/0011-7471(75)90020-0}
}
Heirtzler JR and Bryan WB (1975), "The floor of the Mid-Atlantic Rift", Scientific American. Vol. 233(2), pp. 79-90.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1975,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Bryan, W B},
  title = {The floor of the Mid-Atlantic Rift},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {233},
  number = {2},
  pages = {79--90}
}
Heirtzler JR (1975), "Project FAMOUS - man's first voyages down to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - where the earth turns inside out", National Geographic Magazine. Vol. 147(5), pp. 586-603.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1975a,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R},
  title = {Project FAMOUS - man's first voyages down to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - where the earth turns inside out},
  journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {147},
  number = {5},
  pages = {586--603}
}
Hosom DS (1975), "Oil filled electrical cables external to the pressure hull on DSV Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 21. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hosom1975,
  author = {Hosom, D S},
  title = {Oil filled electrical cables external to the pressure hull on DSV Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {21}
}
Hosom DS and Donnelly JD (1975), "Alvin gyrocompass performance report: 5 June 1974 to 15 September 1974", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 22. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hosom1975a,
  author = {Hosom, D S and Donnelly, J D},
  title = {Alvin gyrocompass performance report: 5 June 1974 to 15 September 1974},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {22}
}
Hosom DS, Donnelly JD and Page WF (1975), "Alvin battery charging procedures", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 20. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hosom1975b,
  author = {Hosom, D S and Donnelly, J D and Page, W F},
  title = {Alvin battery charging procedures},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {20}
}
Isett FL (1975), "Evaluation of a 6A1-2Cb-ITa-O.8Mo titanium hull for manned submersibles (hull II)", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Isett1975,
  author = {Isett, F L},
  title = {Evaluation of a 6A1-2Cb-ITa-O.8Mo titanium hull for manned submersibles (hull II)},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1975}
}
Macdonald KC (1975), "Detailed studies of the structure, tectonics, near bottom magnetic anomalies and microearthquake seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 37 degrees N" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 248. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Macdonald1975,
  author = {Macdonald, K C},
  title = {Detailed studies of the structure, tectonics, near bottom magnetic anomalies and microearthquake seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 37 degrees N},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {248},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1270},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1270}
}
McElroy PT (1975), "Design features of the submersible modular acoustic system" Cambridge, Mass. , pp. 36. Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc..
BibTeX:
@book{McElroy1975,
  author = {McElroy, P T},
  title = {Design features of the submersible modular acoustic system},
  publisher = {Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {36}
}
McElroy PT (1975), "Experimental applications of the modular acoustic system for the submersible Alvin" Cambridge, Mass. , pp. 108. Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc..
BibTeX:
@book{McElroy1975a,
  author = {McElroy, P T},
  title = {Experimental applications of the modular acoustic system for the submersible Alvin},
  publisher = {Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {108},
  url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA016612&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf}
}
Pesch AJ, Bertsche WR and Winget CL (1975), "Force feedback systems in undersea manipulator applications", In Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems (RMS): Technology and Applications. [s.l.] , pp. 57-58. [s.n.].
BibTeX:
@incollection{Pesch1975,
  author = {Pesch, A J and Bertsche, W R and Winget, C L},
  title = {Force feedback systems in undersea manipulator applications},
  booktitle = {Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems (RMS): Technology and Applications},
  publisher = {[s.n.]},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {57--58}
}
Reem G (1975), "New tools for Alvin", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 28(12), pp. 20-28.
BibTeX:
@article{Reem1975,
  author = {Reem, G},
  title = {New tools for Alvin},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {28},
  number = {12},
  pages = {20--28}
}
Rowe GT, Polloni PT and Haedrich RL (1975), "Benthic fauna of the Gulf of Maine sampled by R/V Gosnold cruise 179 and DSRV Alvin dives 329, 330, 331, and 404: Infaunal species list", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 75-38, pp. 5. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Rowe1975,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Polloni, P T and Haedrich, R L},
  title = {Benthic fauna of the Gulf of Maine sampled by R/V Gosnold cruise 179 and DSRV Alvin dives 329, 330, 331, and 404: Infaunal species list},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {75-38},
  pages = {5},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5046},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/5046}
}
Rowe GT, Polloni PT and Haedrich RL (1975), "Quantitative biological assessment of the benthic fauna in deep basins of the Gulf of Maine", Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Vol. 30(10), pp. 1805-1812.
BibTeX:
@article{Rowe1975a,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Polloni, P T and Haedrich, R L},
  title = {Quantitative biological assessment of the benthic fauna in deep basins of the Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {30},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1805--1812}
}
Sharp AG (1975), "DSRV Alvin weight report: 1975", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1975,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report: 1975},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Shumaker LA (1975), "Alvin operators manual", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 48. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Shumaker1975,
  author = {Shumaker, L A},
  title = {Alvin operators manual},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {48}
}
Smith WK, Marquet WM and Hunt MM (1975), "Navigation transponder survey: Design and analysis", In Ocean 75: Record. New York, N.y. , pp. 563-567. IEEE.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Smith1975,
  author = {Smith, W K and Marquet, W M and Hunt, M M},
  title = {Navigation transponder survey: Design and analysis},
  booktitle = {Ocean 75: Record},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {563--567}
}
Stachiw JD and Sletten R (1975), "Spherical-shell sector windows of acrylic plastic with 12,000-foot operational depth capability for submersible Alvin" San Diego, Calif. , pp. 97. Naval Undersea Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Stachiw1975,
  author = {Stachiw, J D and Sletten, R},
  title = {Spherical-shell sector windows of acrylic plastic with 12,000-foot operational depth capability for submersible Alvin},
  publisher = {Naval Undersea Center},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {97}
}
(1975), "Photography from a submersible during project FAMOUS", Oceanus. Vol. 18(3), pp. 31-39.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Photography from a submersible during project FAMOUS},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {31--39}
}
Ballard RD (1974), "The nature of Triassic continental rift structures in the Gulf of Maine", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-71, pp. 96. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1974,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {The nature of Triassic continental rift structures in the Gulf of Maine},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-71},
  pages = {96}
}
Ballard RD, Hays EE, Hess FR, Marquet WM, McCamis MJ, McElroy PT and Winget CL (1974), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1973 - 31 January 1974", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-27, pp. 44. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1974a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Hays, E E and Hess, F R and Marquet, W M and McCamis, M J and McElroy, P T and Winget, C L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1973 - 31 January 1974},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-27},
  pages = {44}
}
Ballard RD (1974), "Summary of the geologic dives conducted in the Gulf of Maine during 1971 and 1972 by the research submersible Alvin", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-29, pp. 73. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1974b,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Summary of the geologic dives conducted in the Gulf of Maine during 1971 and 1972 by the research submersible Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-29},
  pages = {73},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/877},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/877}
}
Ballard RD and Uchupi E (1974), "Geology of the Gulf of Maine", AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 58(6), pp. 1156-1158.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1974c,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Uchupi, E},
  title = {Geology of the Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {58},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1156--1158}
}
Ballard RD (1974), "Summary of seismic reflection, refraction, magnetic and dredge station data collected during a geologic study of the Gulf of Maine", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-30, pp. 87. Woods Hole Oceanographic Instituion.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1974d,
  author = {Ballard, R D},
  title = {Summary of seismic reflection, refraction, magnetic and dredge station data collected during a geologic study of the Gulf of Maine},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Instituion},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-30},
  pages = {87}
}
Bellaiche G, Cheminee JL, Francheteau J, Hekinian R, Le Pichon X, Needham HD and Ballard RD (1974), "Inner floor of the Rift Valley: First submersible study", Nature. Vol. 250(5467), pp. 558-560.
BibTeX:
@article{Bellaiche1974,
  author = {Bellaiche, G and Cheminee, J L and Francheteau, J and Hekinian, R and Le Pichon, X and Needham, H D and Ballard, R D},
  title = {Inner floor of the Rift Valley: First submersible study},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {250},
  number = {5467},
  pages = {558--560},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250558a0},
  doi = {10.1038/250558a0}
}
Ford JM (1974), "NSRDC (Naval Ship Research and Development Center) and the new Alvin", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 27(1), pp. 9-19.
BibTeX:
@article{Ford1974,
  author = {Ford, J M},
  title = {NSRDC (Naval Ship Research and Development Center) and the new Alvin},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--19}
}
Heirtzler JR and Le Pichon X (1974), "FAMOUS: A plate tectonic study of the genesis of the lithosphere", Geology. Vol. 2(6), pp. 273-274.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1974,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R and Le Pichon, X},
  title = {FAMOUS: A plate tectonic study of the genesis of the lithosphere},
  journal = {Geology},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {273--274},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C273:FAPTSO%3E2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<273:FAPTSO>2.0.CO;2}
}
Hosom DS, Hays EE, Hess FR, McElroy PT, Marquet WM, Porter RP, Spindel RC, Winget CL and Striffler FL (1974), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1974 - 31 July 1974", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-100, pp. 22. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hosom1974,
  author = {Hosom, D S and Hays, E E and Hess, F R and McElroy, P T and Marquet, W M and Porter, R P and Spindel, R C and Winget, C L and Striffler, F L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1974 - 31 July 1974},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-100},
  pages = {22}
}
Rowe GT, Keller G, Edgerton HE, Staresinic N and MacIlvaine JC (1974), "Time-lapse photography of the biological reworking of sediments in Hudson Submarine Canyon", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-79, pp. 552. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Rowe1974,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Keller, G and Edgerton, H E and Staresinic, N and MacIlvaine, J C},
  title = {Time-lapse photography of the biological reworking of sediments in Hudson Submarine Canyon},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-79},
  pages = {552}
}
Sharp AG (1974), "DSRV Alvin weight report: 1974", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1974,
  author = {Sharp, A G},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report: 1974},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
(1974), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 16 June 1961 through 31 December 1973", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 74-60, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 16 June 1961 through 31 December 1973},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {74-60},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Aldrich TC, Maxwell AE, Bowin CO, Luyendyk BP, Phillips JD, Hess FR, Vine AC, Ballard RD, Marquet WM, Porter D, McCamis MJ, Winget CL, Von Herzen RP and Williams DL (1973), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1972 - 31 January 1973", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 73-37, pp. 51. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Aldrich1973,
  author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Ballard, R D and Marquet, W M and Porter, D and McCamis, M J and Winget, C L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1972 - 31 January 1973},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {73-37},
  pages = {51}
}
Aldrich TC, Maxwell AE, Ballard RD, Bowin CO, Luyendyk BP, McCamis MJ, Phillips JD, Porter D, Vine AC, Teal JM, Marquet WM, Winget CL, Von Herzen RP and Williams DL (1973), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1972 - 31 July 1972", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 73-20, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Aldrich1973a,
  author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Ballard, R D and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and McCamis, M J and Phillips, J D and Porter, D and Vine, A C and Teal, J M and Marquet, W M and Winget, C L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1972 - 31 July 1972},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {73-20},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Ballard RD, Maxwell AE, Davis RE, Eliason AH, Hess FR, McCamis MJ, McElroy PT, Marquet WM, Von Herzen RP, Williams DL and Winget CL (1973), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1973 - 31 July 1973", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 73-92, pp. 82. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1973,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Maxwell, A E and Davis, R E and Eliason, A H and Hess, F R and McCamis, M J and McElroy, P T and Marquet, W M and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L and Winget, C L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1973 - 31 July 1973},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {73-92},
  pages = {82}
}
Barber RT and Kirby-Smith W (1973), "The oceans as ultimate sinks for wastewaters and wastewater residuals", In Ultimate Disposal of Wastewaters and Their Residuals: Proceedings of a National Symposium, April 26 and 27, 1973. Raleigh, N.C. , pp. 199-213. Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Barber1973,
  author = {Barber, R T and Kirby-Smith, W},
  editor = {McJunkin, F E},
  title = {The oceans as ultimate sinks for wastewaters and wastewater residuals},
  booktitle = {Ultimate Disposal of Wastewaters and Their Residuals: Proceedings of a National Symposium, April 26 and 27, 1973},
  publisher = {Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {199--213}
}
Heirtzler JR (1973), "Project FAMOUS planning Mid-Atlantic Ridge investigation", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 40(2), pp. 14-15.
BibTeX:
@article{Heirtzler1973,
  author = {Heirtzler, J R},
  title = {Project FAMOUS planning Mid-Atlantic Ridge investigation},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {40},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14--15}
}
Isett FL (1973), "Acceptance tests for the prototype titanium alloy for Alvin - an interim report", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Berhesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Isett1973,
  author = {Isett, F L},
  title = {Acceptance tests for the prototype titanium alloy for Alvin - an interim report},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1973}
}
Jannasch HW, Wirsen CO and Winget CL (1973), "A bacteriological pressure-retaining deep-sea sampler and culture vessel", Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. Vol. 20(7), pp. 661-664.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1973,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Winget, C L},
  title = {A bacteriological pressure-retaining deep-sea sampler and culture vessel},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {20},
  number = {7},
  pages = {661--664},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(73)90033-8},
  doi = {10.1016/0011-7471(73)90033-8}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1973), "Deep-sea microorganisms: In situ response to nutrient enrichment", Science. Vol. 180(4086), pp. 641-643.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1973a,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Deep-sea microorganisms: In situ response to nutrient enrichment},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {180},
  number = {4086},
  pages = {641--643},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4086.641},
  doi = {10.1126/science.180.4086.641}
}
Keller GH, Lambert D, Rowe G and Staresinic N (1973), "Bottom currents in the Hudson Canyon", Science. Vol. 180(4082), pp. 181-183.
BibTeX:
@article{Keller1973,
  author = {Keller, G H and Lambert, D and Rowe, G and Staresinic, N},
  title = {Bottom currents in the Hudson Canyon},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {180},
  number = {4082},
  pages = {181--183},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4082.181},
  doi = {10.1126/science.180.4082.181}
}
MacIlvaine JC (1973), "Sedimentary processes on the continental slope off New England" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. Ph.D., pp. 211. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{MacIlvaine1973,
  author = {MacIlvaine, J C},
  title = {Sedimentary processes on the continental slope off New England},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  pages = {211},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1227},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1227}
}
O'Sullivan JF (1973), "The design of a surface launch and recovery fender for DSRV "Alvin"" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. M.S., pp. 72. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{OSullivan1973,
  author = {O'Sullivan, J F},
  title = {The design of a surface launch and recovery fender for DSRV "Alvin"},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {72},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1241},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1241}
}
Palermo PM, Kiernan TJ, Sharp AG and Ferrara W (1973), "Titanium sphere for Alvin/Autec pressure design considerations" Washington, D.C. , pp. 22. Naval Ship Engineering Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Palermo1973,
  author = {Palermo, P M and Kiernan, T J and Sharp, A G and Ferrara, W},
  title = {Titanium sphere for Alvin/Autec pressure design considerations},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Engineering Center},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {22}
}
Perlow M and Richards AF (1973), "Geotechnical variability measured in place from a small submersible", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 7(4), pp. 27-32.
BibTeX:
@article{Perlow1973,
  author = {Perlow, M and Richards, A F},
  title = {Geotechnical variability measured in place from a small submersible},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {27--32}
}
Polloni PT, Rowe GT and Teal JM (1973), "Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), a new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. 'Alvin' in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas", Marine Biology. Vol. 20(2), pp. 170-175.
BibTeX:
@article{Polloni1973,
  author = {Polloni, P T and Rowe, G T and Teal, J M},
  title = {Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), a new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. 'Alvin' in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas},
  journal = {Marine Biology},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--175},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351456},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00351456}
}
Polloni PT, Rowe GT and Teal JM (1973), "Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. Alvin in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 73-60, pp. 11. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Polloni1973a,
  author = {Polloni, P T and Rowe, G T and Teal, J M},
  title = {Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. Alvin in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {73-60},
  pages = {11}
}
Rowe GT and Clifford CH (1973), "Modifications of the Birge-Ekman box corer for use with SCUBA or deep submergence research vessels", Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 18(1), pp. 172-175.
BibTeX:
@article{Rowe1973,
  author = {Rowe, G T and Clifford, C H},
  title = {Modifications of the Birge-Ekman box corer for use with SCUBA or deep submergence research vessels},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {172--175},
  url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol18/issue1/0172.pdf}
}
Schneider WE (1973), "12,000-ft. sea-water variable ballast system for the submersible Alvin", In Papers. New York, N.Y. , pp. 6. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
BibTeX:
@book{Schneider1973,
  author = {Schneider, W E},
  title = {12,000-ft. sea-water variable ballast system for the submersible Alvin},
  booktitle = {Papers},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {6}
}
Sharp AG and Doherty KW (1973), "DSRV Alvin weight report, 1973", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1973,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Doherty, K W},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report, 1973},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Terry TA (1973), "Mechanical engineering, geotechnology and research submersible operations. I", In Papers. New York, N.Y. , pp. 8. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
BibTeX:
@book{Terry1973,
  author = {Terry, T A},
  title = {Mechanical engineering, geotechnology and research submersible operations. I},
  booktitle = {Papers},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {8}
}
Thomas RC (1973), "Training in the underwater terrain navigation and reconnaissance trainer simulator", In Technical report. Orlando, Fla. , pp. 51. Naval Training Equipment Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Thomas1973,
  author = {Thomas, R C},
  title = {Training in the underwater terrain navigation and reconnaissance trainer simulator},
  booktitle = {Technical report},
  publisher = {Naval Training Equipment Center},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {51}
}
Turner RD (1973), "Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in the deep sea", Science. Vol. 180(4093), pp. 1377-1379.
BibTeX:
@article{Turner1973,
  author = {Turner, R D},
  title = {Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in the deep sea},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {180},
  number = {4093},
  pages = {1377--1379},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4093.1377},
  doi = {10.1126/science.180.4093.1377}
}
Aldrich TC, Maxwell AE, Bowin CO, Luyendyk BP, Phillips JD, Hess FR, Vine AC, Teal J, Marquet WM, Uchupi E, Wiebe PH, Rowe GT, Smith KL, Von Herzen RP and Williams DL (1972), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1971 - 31 January 1972", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 72-90, pp. 66. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Aldrich1972,
  author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Teal, J and Marquet, W M and Uchupi, E and Wiebe, P H and Rowe, G T and Smith, K L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1971 - 31 January 1972},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {72-90},
  pages = {66}
}
Ballard RD and Uchupi E (1972), "Carboniferous and Triassic rifting: A preliminary outline of the tectonic history of the Gulf of Maine", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 83(8), pp. 2285-2302.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1972,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Uchupi, E},
  title = {Carboniferous and Triassic rifting: A preliminary outline of the tectonic history of the Gulf of Maine},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {83},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2285--2302},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2285:CATRAP]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2285:CATRAP]2.0.CO;2}
}
Bryan WB, Maxwell AE, Bowin CO, Ballard RD, Phillips JD, Hess FR, Vine AC, Teal J, Marquet WM, Uchupi E, Wiebe PH, Zafiriou OC, Rowe GT, Smith KL and Von Herzen RP (1972), "Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1971 - 31 July 1971", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 72-33, pp. 48. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bryan1972,
  author = {Bryan, W B and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Ballard, R D and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Teal, J and Marquet, W M and Uchupi, E and Wiebe, P H and Zafiriou, O C and Rowe, G T and Smith, K L and Von Herzen, R P},
  title = {Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1971 - 31 July 1971},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {72-33},
  pages = {48}
}
Cohen JM (1972), "An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged tethered cradle in a seaway", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 72-45, pp. 62. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Cohen1972,
  author = {Cohen, J M},
  title = {An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged tethered cradle in a seaway},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {72-45},
  pages = {62},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1224},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1224}
}
Cohen JM (1972), "An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged tethered cradle in a seaway" Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. M.S., pp. 62. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{Cohen1972a,
  author = {Cohen, J M},
  title = {An experimental analysis of the dynamics of a submerged tethered cradle in a seaway},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {M.S.},
  pages = {62},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1224},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1224}
}
Daubin SC (1972), "Search tactics for finding lost objects at sea", Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 6(2), pp. 7-17.
BibTeX:
@article{Daubin1972,
  author = {Daubin, S C},
  title = {Search tactics for finding lost objects at sea},
  journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {7--17}
}
Girice CD (1972), "The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in the deep water with descriptions of five new species", Crustaceana. Vol. 23(3), pp. 219-242.
BibTeX:
@article{Girice1972,
  author = {Girice, C D},
  title = {The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in the deep water with descriptions of five new species},
  journal = {Crustaceana},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {219--242},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854072X00138},
  doi = {10.1163/156854072X00138}
}
Jannasch HW and Wirsen CO (1972), "Alvin and the sandwich", Oceanus. Vol. 16, pp. 20-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1972,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
  title = {Alvin and the sandwich},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {20--22}
}
Perlow M and Richards AF (1972), "In-place geotechnical measurements from submersible Alvin in Gulf of Maine soils" Bethlehem, Pa. , pp. 8. Lehigh University.
BibTeX:
@book{Perlow1972,
  author = {Perlow, M and Richards, A F},
  title = {In-place geotechnical measurements from submersible Alvin in Gulf of Maine soils},
  publisher = {Lehigh University},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {8}
}
Schneider WE, Lebowitz RK, Sasse JA and McPherson SE (1972), "Alvin sea-water variable ballast system operation and maintenance manual", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Schneider1972,
  author = {Schneider, W E and Lebowitz, R K and Sasse, J A and McPherson, S E},
  title = {Alvin sea-water variable ballast system operation and maintenance manual},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1972}
}
Schneider WE, Lebowitz RK, Sasse JA and McPherson SE (1972), "Evaluation of DSV Alvin 12,000-foot sea-water variable-ballast system", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Schneider1972a,
  author = {Schneider, W E and Lebowitz, R K and Sasse, J A and McPherson, S E},
  title = {Evaluation of DSV Alvin 12,000-foot sea-water variable-ballast system},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1972}
}
Sharp AG and Eliason AH (1972), "DSRV Alvin weight report: 1972", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1972,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Eliason, A H},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report: 1972},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1972},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Aldrich TB, Leiby J and Sharp AG (1971), "Design and testing of the deep-submersible hoist system for the catamaran R/V Lulu", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 71-46, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Aldrich1971,
  author = {Aldrich, T B and Leiby, J and Sharp, A G},
  title = {Design and testing of the deep-submersible hoist system for the catamaran R/V Lulu},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {71-46},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Jannasch HW, Eimhjellen K, Wirsen CO and Farmanfarmaian A (1971), "Microbial degradation of organic matter in the deep sea", Science. Vol. 171(3972), pp. 672-675.
BibTeX:
@article{Jannasch1971,
  author = {Jannasch, H W and Eimhjellen, K and Wirsen, C O and Farmanfarmaian, A},
  title = {Microbial degradation of organic matter in the deep sea},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {171},
  number = {3972},
  pages = {672--675},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3972.672},
  doi = {10.1126/science.171.3972.672}
}
Rainnie WO (1971), "Equipment and instrumentation for the navigation of submersibles", Underwater Journal and Information Bulletin. Vol. 3(3), pp. 120-128.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1971,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Equipment and instrumentation for the navigation of submersibles},
  journal = {Underwater Journal and Information Bulletin},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {120--128}
}
Rufolo A (1971), "Report on evaluation of syntactic foam used in DRV Alvin. I", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Rufolo1971,
  author = {Rufolo, A},
  title = {Report on evaluation of syntactic foam used in DRV Alvin. I},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1971}
}
Sharp AG, Winget CL and Eliason AH (1971), "DSRV Alvin weight report: 1971", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1971,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Winget, C L and Eliason, A H},
  title = {DSRV Alvin weight report: 1971},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Van Leer JC (1971), "Shear of small vertical scale observed in the permanent oceanic thermocline" Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA Vol. D.S., pp. 209. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{VanLeer1971,
  author = {Van Leer, J C},
  title = {Shear of small vertical scale observed in the permanent oceanic thermocline},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {D.S.},
  pages = {209},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1248},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1248}
}
Walden B (1971), "Torpedo recovery device for DSV Turtle", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Walden1971,
  author = {Walden, B},
  title = {Torpedo recovery device for DSV Turtle},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {2}
}
Andrews JE, Shepard FP and Hurley RJ (1970), "Great Bahama Canyon", Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 81(4), pp. 1061-1078.
BibTeX:
@article{Andrews1970,
  author = {Andrews, J E and Shepard, F P and Hurley, R J},
  title = {Great Bahama Canyon},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {81},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1061--1078},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1061:GBC]2.0.CO 2},
  doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1061:GBC]2.0.CO;2}
}
Ballard RD and Uchupi E (1970), "Morphology and Quarternary history of the continental shelf of the Gulf Coast of the United States", Bulletin of Marine Science. Vol. 20(3), pp. 547-559.
BibTeX:
@article{Ballard1970,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Uchupi, E},
  title = {Morphology and Quarternary history of the continental shelf of the Gulf Coast of the United States},
  journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {547--559}
}
Ballard RD and Emery KO (1970), "Research submersibles in oceanography" Washington, D.C. , pp. 73. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@book{Ballard1970a,
  author = {Ballard, R D and Emery, K O},
  title = {Research submersibles in oceanography},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {73}
}
Berteaux HO and Morey RL (1970), "Experimental analysis of the failed wire ropes of the submersible Alvin hoist system", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 37. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Berteaux1970,
  author = {Berteaux, H O and Morey, R L},
  title = {Experimental analysis of the failed wire ropes of the submersible Alvin hoist system},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {37}
}
Grice GD and Hulsemann K (1970), "New species of bottom-living Calanoid copepods collected in deepwater by DSRV Alvin", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. 139(4), pp. 185-230.
BibTeX:
@article{Grice1970,
  author = {Grice, G D and Hulsemann, K},
  title = {New species of bottom-living Calanoid copepods collected in deepwater by DSRV Alvin},
  journal = {Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {139},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185--230}
}
Kiernan TJ (1970), "Proposed test and evaluation program for Project TITANES", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC).
BibTeX:
@book{Kiernan1970,
  author = {Kiernan, T J},
  title = {Proposed test and evaluation program for Project TITANES},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC)},
  year = {1970}
}
Merrifield R and Delort RR (1970), "Results with a deep research vehicle transponder navigation system at the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office" Washington, D.C. , pp. 8. Naval Oceanographic Office.
BibTeX:
@book{Merrifield1970,
  author = {Merrifield, R and Delort, R R},
  title = {Results with a deep research vehicle transponder navigation system at the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office},
  publisher = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {8}
}
Niblock RW (1970), "Expertise, equipment ready for bolder ocean programs", Undersea Technology. Vol. 11(1), pp. 53-54.
BibTeX:
@article{Niblock1970,
  author = {Niblock, R W},
  title = {Expertise, equipment ready for bolder ocean programs},
  journal = {Undersea Technology},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--54}
}
Porteous J (1970), "Evaluation of movie lights for use on D.S.R.V. Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 3. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Porteous1970,
  author = {Porteous, J},
  title = {Evaluation of movie lights for use on D.S.R.V. Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1970},
  pages = {3}
}
Sharp AG and Sullivan JR (1970), "Torque tests of a full size model of the Alvin/Autec emergency sphere release", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 70-60, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1970,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Sullivan, J R},
  title = {Torque tests of a full size model of the Alvin/Autec emergency sphere release},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {70-60},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
(1970), "Structural design requirements for the fabrication of titanium pressure hulls", In Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). Hyattsville, Md. Naval Ship Engineering Center.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Structural design requirements for the fabrication of titanium pressure hulls},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC)},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Engineering Center},
  year = {1970}
}
Busby RF, Hunt LM and Rainnie WO (1969), "Hazards of the deep", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-52 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Busby1969,
  author = {Busby, R F and Hunt, L M and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Hazards of the deep},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-52}
}
Daubin SC (1969), "Deep submergence vehicles for ocean research", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-86, pp. 33. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Daubin1969,
  author = {Daubin, S C},
  title = {Deep submergence vehicles for ocean research},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-86},
  pages = {33}
}
Ellinthorpe AW and Malone RG (1969), "A visual ocean bottom survey off the island of Santa Maria, Azores" New London, Conn. , pp. 15. U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Lab.
BibTeX:
@book{Ellinthorpe1969,
  author = {Ellinthorpe, A W and Malone, R G},
  title = {A visual ocean bottom survey off the island of Santa Maria, Azores},
  publisher = {U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Lab},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {15}
}
Kenny JN (1969), "A modeling system for the dynamics of an underwater launch and recovery of a deep submersible", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 65. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Kenny1969,
  author = {Kenny, J N},
  title = {A modeling system for the dynamics of an underwater launch and recovery of a deep submersible},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {65}
}
Marquet WM, Webb DC and Fairhurst KD (1969), "A recoverable deep ocean navigation beacon", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-61, pp. 26. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Marquet1969,
  author = {Marquet, W M and Webb, D C and Fairhurst, K D},
  title = {A recoverable deep ocean navigation beacon},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-61},
  pages = {26}
}
Milwee WI (1969), "Recovery of Alvin - a practical ocean engineering operation", Naval Engineers Journal. Vol. 81(6), pp. 13-15,18-22.
BibTeX:
@article{Milwee1969,
  author = {Milwee, W I},
  title = {Recovery of Alvin - a practical ocean engineering operation},
  journal = {Naval Engineers Journal},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {81},
  number = {6},
  pages = {13--15,18--22}
}
Rainnie WO and Buchanan CL (1969), "Recovery of the DSRV Alvin, part 1", Ocean Industry. Vol. 4(11), pp. 61-63.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1969,
  author = {Rainnie, W O and Buchanan, C L},
  title = {Recovery of the DSRV Alvin, part 1},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {4},
  number = {11},
  pages = {61--63}
}
Rainnie WO and Buchanan CL (1969), "Recovery of the DSRV Alvin, part 2", Ocean Industry. Vol. 4(12), pp. 69-70.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1969a,
  author = {Rainnie, W O and Buchanan, C L},
  title = {Recovery of the DSRV Alvin, part 2},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {4},
  number = {12},
  pages = {69--70}
}
Sharp AG and Sullivan JR (1969), "Experimental stress analysis of model of emergency forebody release device used in deep diving research submarines Alvin, Sea Cliff and Turtle", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-68, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1969,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Sullivan, J R},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis of model of emergency forebody release device used in deep diving research submarines Alvin, Sea Cliff and Turtle},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-68},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Vandiver JK (1969), "Dynamic analysis of a launch and recovery system for a deep submersible", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-88, pp. 76. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Vandiver1969,
  author = {Vandiver, J K},
  title = {Dynamic analysis of a launch and recovery system for a deep submersible},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-88},
  pages = {76}
}
Wakelin JH and Institution WHO (1969), "Report of the Advisory Committee on the Accidental Sinking of Deep Research Vehicle Alvin", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Wakelin1969,
  author = {Wakelin, J H and Institution, Woods Hole Oceanographic},
  title = {Report of the Advisory Committee on the Accidental Sinking of Deep Research Vehicle Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {var.}
}
Winget CL (1969), "Hand tools and mechanical accessories for a deep submersible", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-32, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Winget1969,
  author = {Winget, C L},
  title = {Hand tools and mechanical accessories for a deep submersible},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-32},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
(1969), "Alvin retrieved in 5,000 ft. of water", Ocean Industry. Vol. 4(10), pp. 44-45.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin retrieved in 5,000 ft. of water},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {4},
  number = {10},
  pages = {44--45}
}
(1969), "Fabrication, welding and inspection of 621/0.8 Mo alloy titanium "Alvin/Autec" submersible hulls" Brooklyn, N.Y. Naval Applied Science Laboratory.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Fabrication, welding and inspection of 621/0.8 Mo alloy titanium "Alvin/Autec" submersible hulls},
  publisher = {Naval Applied Science Laboratory},
  year = {1969}
}
(1969), "Aluminaut and her crew were simply fantastic", Ocean Science News. Vol. 11(36), pp. 1-3.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Aluminaut and her crew were simply fantastic},
  journal = {Ocean Science News},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {11},
  number = {36},
  pages = {1--3}
}
(1969), "Recovery of deep research vehicle Alvin", In NAVSHIPS. Washington, D.C. , pp. 145. Naval Ship Systems Command.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Recovery of deep research vehicle Alvin},
  booktitle = {NAVSHIPS},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Systems Command},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {145}
}
(1969), "Alvin recovery postponed by rough Atlantic weather", Ocean Industry. Vol. 4(1), pp. 26.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin recovery postponed by rough Atlantic weather},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26}
}
(1969), "Old 'friend' rescues Alvin from depths", National Fisherman. Vol. 50(7), pp. 3-C.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Old 'friend' rescues Alvin from depths},
  journal = {National Fisherman},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {50},
  number = {7},
  pages = {3--C}
}
(1969), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January Through 31 December 1968", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-17, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January Through 31 December 1968},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {69-17},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
(1969), "Alvin salvage important to deep sea exploration", National Fisherman. Vol. 49(12), pp. 4-A.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin salvage important to deep sea exploration},
  journal = {National Fisherman},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {49},
  number = {12},
  pages = {4--A}
}
(1969), "Alvin sub looks good at recovery", Seascope. Vol. 2(40), pp. 1.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin sub looks good at recovery},
  journal = {Seascope},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {2},
  number = {40},
  pages = {1}
}
Backus RH, Craddock JE, Haedrich RL, Shores DL, Teal JM, Wing AS and Clarke WD (1968), "Ceratoscopelus maderensis: Pecular sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 68-58, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Backus1968,
  author = {Backus, R H and Craddock, J E and Haedrich, R L and Shores, D L and Teal, J M and Wing, A S and Clarke, W D},
  title = {Ceratoscopelus maderensis: Pecular sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {68-58},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Backus RH, Craddock JE, Haedrich RL, Shores DL, Teal JM, Wing AS, Mead GW and Clarke WD (1968), "Ceratoscopelus maderensis: Peculiar sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish", Science. Vol. 160(3831), pp. 991-993.
BibTeX:
@article{Backus1968a,
  author = {Backus, R H and Craddock, J E and Haedrich, R L and Shores, D L and Teal, J M and Wing, A S and Mead, G W and Clarke, W D},
  title = {Ceratoscopelus maderensis: Peculiar sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {160},
  number = {3831},
  pages = {991--993},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.160.3831.991},
  doi = {10.1126/science.160.3831.991}
}
Bland EL (1968), "Criteria for the selection, training and qualification of pilots for the deep submergence engineering and operations section", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 18. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Bland1968,
  author = {Bland, E L},
  title = {Criteria for the selection, training and qualification of pilots for the deep submergence engineering and operations section},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {18}
}
Briggs P (1968), "Men in the sea" New York, N.Y. , pp. 128. Simon and Schuster.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1968,
  author = {Briggs, P},
  title = {Men in the sea},
  publisher = {Simon and Schuster},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {128}
}
Busby RF (1968), "Design and operational performance of manned submersibles", In Informal Report. Washington, D.C. , pp. 30. Naval Oceanographic Office.
BibTeX:
@book{Busby1968,
  author = {Busby, R F},
  title = {Design and operational performance of manned submersibles},
  booktitle = {Informal Report},
  publisher = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {30}
}
Busby RF, Hunt LM and Rainnie WO (1968), "Hazards of the deep, part 2", Ocean Industry. Vol. 3(8), pp. 32-39.
BibTeX:
@article{Busby1968a,
  author = {Busby, R F and Hunt, L M and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Hazards of the deep, part 2},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {8},
  pages = {32--39}
}
Busby RF, Hunt LM and Rainnie WO (1968), "Hazards of the deep, part 1", Ocean Industry. Vol. 3(7), pp. 72-77.
BibTeX:
@article{Busby1968b,
  author = {Busby, R F and Hunt, L M and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Hazards of the deep, part 1},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {7},
  pages = {72--77}
}
Busby RF, Hunt LM and Rainnie WO (1968), "Hazards of the deep, part 3", Ocean Industry. Vol. 3(9), pp. 53-58.
BibTeX:
@article{Busby1968c,
  author = {Busby, R F and Hunt, L M and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Hazards of the deep, part 3},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {9},
  pages = {53--58}
}
Donnelly JD (1968), "1967 -- Alvin's year of science", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 21(1), pp. 18-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Donnelly1968,
  author = {Donnelly, J D},
  title = {1967 -- Alvin's year of science},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18--26}
}
Edwards RL and Emery KO (1968), "The view from a storied sub: The Alvin off Norfolk, Va.", Commercial Fisheries Review. Vol. 30(8-9), pp. 48-55.
BibTeX:
@article{Edwards1968,
  author = {Edwards, R L and Emery, K O},
  title = {The view from a storied sub: The Alvin off Norfolk, Va.},
  journal = {Commercial Fisheries Review},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {30},
  number = {8-9},
  pages = {48--55}
}
Emery KO and Ross DA (1968), "Topography and sediments of a small area of the continental slope south of Martha's Vineyard", Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. Vol. 15(4), pp. 415-422.
BibTeX:
@article{Emery1968,
  author = {Emery, K O and Ross, D A},
  title = {Topography and sediments of a small area of the continental slope south of Martha's Vineyard},
  journal = {Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {415--422},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(68)90049-1},
  doi = {10.1016/0011-7471(68)90049-1}
}
Hays EE and Hoskins H (1968), "Cruise plan for joint cruise of Alvin-Lulu 27 and Gosnold 136: 15-24 October 1968", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 4. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hays1968,
  author = {Hays, E E and Hoskins, H},
  title = {Cruise plan for joint cruise of Alvin-Lulu 27 and Gosnold 136: 15-24 October 1968},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {4}
}
Leiby J (1968), "Constant tension submersibles handling system", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 68-34, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Leiby1968,
  author = {Leiby, J},
  title = {Constant tension submersibles handling system},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {68-34},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Lill GG (1968), "Some recent advances in marine engineering", Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Vol. 71(4), pp. 385-401.
BibTeX:
@article{Lill1968,
  author = {Lill, G G},
  title = {Some recent advances in marine engineering},
  journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {71},
  number = {4},
  pages = {385--401}
}
Marquet WM (1968), "Alvin instruments", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 68-10, pp. 4. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Marquet1968,
  author = {Marquet, W M},
  title = {Alvin instruments},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {68-10},
  pages = {4}
}
Rainnie WO (1968), "Adventures of Alvin", Ocean Industry. Vol. 3(5), pp. 22-28.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1968,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Adventures of Alvin},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {22--28}
}
Rainnie WO (1968), "Adventures of Alvin", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 69-48, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Rainnie1968a,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Adventures of Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {69-48},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Rainnie WO (1968), "An operating season with Alvin for science", Journal of Ocean Technology. Vol. 2(4), pp. 11-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1968b,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  title = {An operating season with Alvin for science},
  journal = {Journal of Ocean Technology},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {11--18}
}
Sharp AG and Winget CL (1968), "Weight, buoyancy and stabiltiy of DSRV Alvin, 1967", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1968,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Winget, C L},
  title = {Weight, buoyancy and stabiltiy of DSRV Alvin, 1967},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Wilks WF (1968), "Navy DOT plans for fiscal 69-70 include titanium hull for Alvin", Aerospace Technology. Vol. 21(26), pp. 39-40.
BibTeX:
@article{Wilks1968,
  author = {Wilks, W F},
  title = {Navy DOT plans for fiscal 69-70 include titanium hull for Alvin},
  journal = {Aerospace Technology},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {21},
  number = {26},
  pages = {39--40}
}
(1968), "Alvin extracts hard-rock core at 1,246-foot depth", Ocean Industry. Vol. 3(10), pp. 18.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin extracts hard-rock core at 1,246-foot depth},
  journal = {Ocean Industry},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {10},
  pages = {18}
}
(1968), "Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research conducted during the period 1 May-31 October 1967", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 68-6, pp. 48. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Oceanographic and underwater acoustics research conducted during the period 1 May-31 October 1967},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {68-6},
  pages = {48}
}
(1968), "Underwater drill", Oceanology International. Vol. 3(6), pp. 13.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Underwater drill},
  journal = {Oceanology International},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {13}
}
(1968), "Submarine escape and rescue, volume I" Alexandria, Va. , pp. 124. Defense Documentation Center for Scientific and Technical Information.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Submarine escape and rescue, volume I},
  publisher = {Defense Documentation Center for Scientific and Technical Information},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {124}
}
Booth KJ (1967), "A comparative study of the heave and pitch motions of the deep submersible Alvin and her support catamaran during surface operations", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 101. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Booth1967,
  author = {Booth, K J},
  title = {A comparative study of the heave and pitch motions of the deep submersible Alvin and her support catamaran during surface operations},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {101}
}
Boykin R (1967), "1966 - a good year for Alvin", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 20(1), pp. 22-25.
BibTeX:
@article{Boykin1967,
  author = {Boykin, R},
  title = {1966 - a good year for Alvin},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {20},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22--25}
}
Breaker LC and Winokur RS (1967), "The variability of bottom reflected signals using the deep research vehicle Alvin", In Informal Report. Washington, D.C. , pp. 26. Naval Oceanographic Office.
BibTeX:
@book{Breaker1967,
  author = {Breaker, L C and Winokur, R S},
  title = {The variability of bottom reflected signals using the deep research vehicle Alvin},
  booktitle = {Informal Report},
  publisher = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {26},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD669897}
}
Burke FP and Rainnie WO (1967), "DRV operation and instrumentation", In New thrust seaward Transactions of the Third Annual MTS Conference & Exhibit, 5-7 June, 1967, San Diego, California. Washington, D.C. , pp. 445-457. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Burke1967,
  author = {Burke, F P and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {DRV operation and instrumentation},
  booktitle = {New thrust seaward Transactions of the Third Annual MTS Conference & Exhibit, 5-7 June, 1967, San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {445--457}
}
Busby RF and Merrifield R (1967), "Undersea studies with the DSRV Alvin, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, September 1966", In Informal Report. Washington, D.C. , pp. 62. Naval Oceanographic Office.
BibTeX:
@book{Busby1967,
  author = {Busby, R F and Merrifield, R},
  title = {Undersea studies with the DSRV Alvin, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, September 1966},
  booktitle = {Informal Report},
  publisher = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {62}
}
Dadley AE (1967), "Hydrostatic proof test of Autec I (Alvin 3) personnel sphere", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Dadley1967,
  author = {Dadley, A E},
  title = {Hydrostatic proof test of Autec I (Alvin 3) personnel sphere},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1967}
}
Humphries PE (1967), "Hydrostatic tests of a 6A1-4V titanium buoyancy sphere for Alvin", In Report. Bethesda, Md. David Taylor Model Basin.
BibTeX:
@book{Humphries1967,
  author = {Humphries, P E},
  title = {Hydrostatic tests of a 6A1-4V titanium buoyancy sphere for Alvin},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {David Taylor Model Basin},
  year = {1967}
}
Marquet WM (1967), "Alvin instrumentation", In 1967 NEREM Record. Boston, Mass. , pp. 196-197. Boston Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Marquet1967,
  author = {Marquet, W M},
  title = {Alvin instrumentation},
  booktitle = {1967 NEREM Record},
  publisher = {Boston Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {196--197}
}
Milliman JD, Manheim FT, Pratt RM and Zarudski EFK (1967), "Alvin dives on the continental margin off the southeastern United States, July 2-13 1967", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-80, pp. 64. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Milliman1967,
  author = {Milliman, J D and Manheim, F T and Pratt, R M and Zarudski, E F K},
  title = {Alvin dives on the continental margin off the southeastern United States, July 2-13 1967},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {67-80},
  pages = {64},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1521},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/1521}
}
Morgan HA and Szczypinski WS (1967), "Determination of hull efficiency parameters for a deep submergence hull form", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 142. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Morgan1967,
  author = {Morgan, H A and Szczypinski, W S},
  title = {Determination of hull efficiency parameters for a deep submergence hull form},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {142}
}
Rainnie WO (1967), "The use of the deep submersible Alvin in oceanography", In Selected papers from the Governor's Conference on Oceanography, October 11 and 12, 1967 at the Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y.. New York, N.Y. , pp. 128-143. New York State Science and Technology Foundation.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Rainnie1967,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  editor = {Freedgood, S},
  title = {The use of the deep submersible Alvin in oceanography},
  booktitle = {Selected papers from the Governor's Conference on Oceanography, October 11 and 12, 1967 at the Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y.},
  publisher = {New York State Science and Technology Foundation},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {128--143}
}
Rucker JB, Stiles NT and Busby RF (1967), "Sea-floor strength observations from the DRV Alvin in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas", Southeastern Geology. Vol. 8(1), pp. 1-8.
BibTeX:
@article{Rucker1967,
  author = {Rucker, J B and Stiles, N T and Busby, R F},
  title = {Sea-floor strength observations from the DRV Alvin in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas},
  journal = {Southeastern Geology},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8}
}
Schlee J (1967), "Geology from a deep-diving submersible", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-50, pp. 4. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Schlee1967,
  author = {Schlee, J},
  title = {Geology from a deep-diving submersible},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {67-50},
  pages = {4}
}
Schlee J (1967), "Geology from a deep-diving submersible", Geotimes. Vol. 12(4), pp. 10-13.
BibTeX:
@article{Schlee1967a,
  author = {Schlee, J},
  title = {Geology from a deep-diving submersible},
  journal = {Geotimes},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {10--13}
}
Sharp AG and Sullivan JR (1967), "Tests of propellers for Alvin side propulsion units", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Sharp1967,
  author = {Sharp, A G and Sullivan, J R},
  title = {Tests of propellers for Alvin side propulsion units},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {var. p.},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/640},
  doi = {10.1575/1912/640}
}
Trumbull JVA and McCamis MJ (1967), "Geological exploration in an east coast submarine canyon from a research submersible", Science. Vol. 158(3799), pp. 370-372.
BibTeX:
@article{Trumbull1967,
  author = {Trumbull, J V A and McCamis, M J},
  title = {Geological exploration in an east coast submarine canyon from a research submersible},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {158},
  number = {3799},
  pages = {370--372},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.158.3799.370},
  doi = {10.1126/science.158.3799.370}
}
Vine AC, Hays EE, McCamis JJ and Rainnie WO (1967), "Some underwater observations", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-82, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Vine1967,
  author = {Vine, A C and Hays, E E and McCamis, J J and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Some underwater observations},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {67-82},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Waterman RL and Humphries PE (1967), "Hydrostatic creep tests of a 6A1-4V titanium sphere for Alvin", In Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report. Bethesda, Md. , pp. 25. Naval Ship Research and Development Center.
BibTeX:
@book{Waterman1967,
  author = {Waterman, R L and Humphries, P E},
  title = {Hydrostatic creep tests of a 6A1-4V titanium sphere for Alvin},
  booktitle = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
  publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {25}
}
Winget CL and McCamis MJ (1967), "A technical guide to the deep submergence research vehicle (DSRV) Alvin for use in planning scientific missions", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-67, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Winget1967,
  author = {Winget, C L and McCamis, M J},
  title = {A technical guide to the deep submergence research vehicle (DSRV) Alvin for use in planning scientific missions},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {67-67},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Zarudski EFK (1967), "Swordfish rams the Alvin", Oceanus. Vol. 13(4), pp. 14-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Zarudski1967,
  author = {Zarudski, E F K},
  title = {Swordfish rams the Alvin},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {14--18}
}
(1967), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January through 31 December 1966", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-23, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January through 31 December 1966},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {67-23},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Baxter L (1966), "Discussion of various means of improving visibility from the DSRV Alvin or similar vehicles", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 15. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Baxter1966,
  author = {Baxter, L},
  title = {Discussion of various means of improving visibility from the DSRV Alvin or similar vehicles},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {15}
}
Cobb AD (1966), "A remote navigation system for the deep diving research vessel Alvin", In Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, CaliforniaNational Marine Navigation Meeting, Manned Deep Submergence Vehicles. Washinton, D.C. , pp. 184-208. Institute of Navigation.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Cobb1966,
  author = {Cobb, A D},
  title = {A remote navigation system for the deep diving research vessel Alvin},
  booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, CaliforniaNational Marine Navigation Meeting, Manned Deep Submergence Vehicles},
  publisher = {Institute of Navigation},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {184--208}
}
Hays EE (1966), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January Through 31 December 1965", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 66-22, pp. 31. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Hays1966,
  author = {Hays, E E},
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January Through 31 December 1965},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {66-22},
  pages = {31}
}
Mavor JW (1966), "Ten months with Alvin", Geomarine Technology. Vol. 2(2), pp. 8-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Mavor1966,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Ten months with Alvin},
  journal = {Geomarine Technology},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {8--18}
}
Mavor JW (1966), "Observation windows of the deep submersible Alvin", Journal of Ocean Technology. Vol. 1(1), pp. 2-16.
BibTeX:
@article{Mavor1966a,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Observation windows of the deep submersible Alvin},
  journal = {Journal of Ocean Technology},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {2--16}
}
Mavor JW, Froehlich HE, Marquet WM and Rainnie WO (1966), "Alvin, 6000-ft. submergence research vehicle", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 67-42, pp. 32. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1966b,
  author = {Mavor, J W and Froehlich, H E and Marquet, W M and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Alvin, 6000-ft. submergence research vehicle},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {67-42},
  pages = {32}
}
Rainnie WO (1966), "Alvin and the bomb", Oceanus. Vol. 12(4), pp. 8-18.
BibTeX:
@article{Rainnie1966,
  author = {Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Alvin and the bomb},
  journal = {Oceanus},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {8--18}
}
Shultz WS and Omohundro FP (1966), "Long term exposure and cycling tests of syntactic foam buoyancy material used in DSRV Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 21. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Shultz1966,
  author = {Shultz, W S and Omohundro, F P},
  title = {Long term exposure and cycling tests of syntactic foam buoyancy material used in DSRV Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {21}
}
Smith RJ (1966), "Terrain relief models and operational sketches as used in the Task Force Sixty-Five nuclear weapon recovery effort", In Technical note. Hueneme, Calif. , pp. 23. Naval Civil Engineering Lab.
BibTeX:
@book{Smith1966,
  author = {Smith, R J},
  title = {Terrain relief models and operational sketches as used in the Task Force Sixty-Five nuclear weapon recovery effort},
  booktitle = {Technical note},
  publisher = {Naval Civil Engineering Lab},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {23}
}
Vine AC (1966), "Handling equipment at sea: Some considerations and ideas", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Vine1966,
  author = {Vine, A C},
  title = {Handling equipment at sea: Some considerations and ideas},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {6}
}
Walsh JB and Mavor JW (1966), "Strength of the Alvin hulls", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 66-16, pp. 34. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Walsh1966,
  author = {Walsh, J B and Mavor, J W},
  title = {Strength of the Alvin hulls},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1966},
  volume = {66-16},
  pages = {34}
}
Winter R and Becker H (1966), "A photoelastic investigation of deep submergence windows" Concord, Mass. , pp. 54. Allied Research Associates, Inc..
BibTeX:
@book{Winter1966,
  author = {Winter, R and Becker, H},
  title = {A photoelastic investigation of deep submergence windows},
  publisher = {Allied Research Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1966},
  pages = {54},
  url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD634403}
}
Fye PM (1965), "New frontiers in oceanography", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 8. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Fye1965,
  author = {Fye, P M},
  title = {New frontiers in oceanography},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {8}
}
Galantin IJ (1965), "Vehicles for deep ocean technology", Shipmate. Vol. 28(5), pp. 24-29.
BibTeX:
@article{Galantin1965,
  author = {Galantin, I J},
  title = {Vehicles for deep ocean technology},
  journal = {Shipmate},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {24--29}
}
Mavor JW (1965), "Observation windows of the deep submersible, Alvin", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 65-62, pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1965,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Observation windows of the deep submersible, Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {65-62},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Mavor JW (1965), "The mechanical and chemical properties of the HY 100 pressure hulls of the submarine, Alvin", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 65-1, pp. 55. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1965a,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {The mechanical and chemical properties of the HY 100 pressure hulls of the submarine, Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {65-1},
  pages = {55}
}
Mavor JW (1965), "Weight, buoyancy and stability of the research submarine Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 45. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1965b,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Weight, buoyancy and stability of the research submarine Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {45}
}
Mavor JW (1965), "Summary report on fabrication, inspection and test of Alvin fixed and variable buoyancy spheres", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1965c,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Summary report on fabrication, inspection and test of Alvin fixed and variable buoyancy spheres},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
Mavor JW and Sharp AG (1965), "Design and manufacture of new emergency hull release for Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. var. p.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1965d,
  author = {Mavor, J W and Sharp, A G},
  title = {Design and manufacture of new emergency hull release for Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {var. p.}
}
McCamis MJ, Marquet WM, Broderson G and Mason D (1965), "Fuse testing in oil for Alvin batteries", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 9. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{McCamis1965,
  author = {McCamis, M J and Marquet, W M and Broderson, G and Mason, D},
  title = {Fuse testing in oil for Alvin batteries},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {9}
}
Park F (1965), "Deep-sea vehicles", International Science and Technology. Vol. 39, pp. 26-38.
BibTeX:
@article{Park1965,
  author = {Park, F},
  title = {Deep-sea vehicles},
  journal = {International Science and Technology},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {26--38}
}
Technology and for Science FC (1965), "Undersea vehicles for oceanography", In ICO Pamphlet. Washington, D.C. , pp. 81. U.S. Government Printing Office.
BibTeX:
@book{Technology1965,
  author = {and Technology, Federal Council for Science},
  title = {Undersea vehicles for oceanography},
  booktitle = {ICO Pamphlet},
  publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Office},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {81}
}
Walsh D (1965), "Economic and logistic aspects of deep vehicle operations", In Ocean science and ocean engineering: Transactions of the Joint Conference and Exhibit, 14-17 June, 1965, Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C. Vol. 2, pp. 858-863. Marine Technology Society.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Walsh1965,
  author = {Walsh, D},
  title = {Economic and logistic aspects of deep vehicle operations},
  booktitle = {Ocean science and ocean engineering: Transactions of the Joint Conference and Exhibit, 14-17 June, 1965, Washington, D.C.},
  publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {858--863}
}
(1965), "Alvin", Geomarine Technology. Vol. 1(8), pp. 16-18.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Alvin},
  journal = {Geomarine Technology},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {1},
  number = {8},
  pages = {16--18}
}
(1965), "Design and process control specification, 6 A1-4 V titanium alloy spherical buoyancy vessel, No. 90-000011, Rev. B" Hampton, Va. Pressure Systems, Inc.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Design and process control specification, 6 A1-4 V titanium alloy spherical buoyancy vessel, No. 90-000011, Rev. B},
  publisher = {Pressure Systems, Inc},
  year = {1965}
}
(1965), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January through 31 December 1964", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 65-11, pp. 14. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 January through 31 December 1964},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {65-11},
  pages = {14}
}
(1965), "Research submarine tested at depth of 6000 feet", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 18(8), pp. 22-23.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Research submarine tested at depth of 6000 feet},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {18},
  number = {8},
  pages = {22--23}
}
(1965), "WHOI comments on DSRV Alvin design", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 10. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {WHOI comments on DSRV Alvin design},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {10}
}
(1965), "Comments of the WHOI DSRVG on the 'Specifications for building a research submarine AUTEC I', of 27 May 1965", In WHOI unnumbered reports. Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 48. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Comments of the WHOI DSRVG on the 'Specifications for building a research submarine AUTEC I', of 27 May 1965},
  booktitle = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1965},
  pages = {48}
}
Allen ES (1964), "Research submarine Alvin", Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute. Vol. 90(4), pp. 138-140.
BibTeX:
@article{Allen1964,
  author = {Allen, E S},
  title = {Research submarine Alvin},
  journal = {Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {90},
  number = {4},
  pages = {138--140}
}
Anonal R (1964), "Alvin's pressure sphere tested", Naval Research Reviews. Vol. 20
BibTeX:
@article{Anonal1964,
  author = {Anonal, Research},
  title = {Alvin's pressure sphere tested},
  journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {20}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1964), "Experimental stress analysis for Alvin hull number 1", In Report. San Antonio, Tex. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1964,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis for Alvin hull number 1},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1964}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1964), "Experimental stress analysis of Alvin buoyancy spheres", In Report. San Antonio, Tex. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1964a,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis of Alvin buoyancy spheres},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1964}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1964), "Alvin hull penetrator test", In Report. San Antonio, Tex. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1964b,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Alvin hull penetrator test},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1964}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1964), "Experimental stress analysis for Alvin hull number 2", In Report. San Antonio, Tex. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1964c,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis for Alvin hull number 2},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1964}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1964), "Stud tension tests of twelve interference fitted studs after compressive failure", In Report. San Antonio, Tex. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1964d,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Stud tension tests of twelve interference fitted studs after compressive failure},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1964}
}
Eleson P (1964), "Underwater ordnance", Ordnance. Vol. 49(267), pp. 234-236.
BibTeX:
@article{Eleson1964,
  author = {Eleson, P},
  title = {Underwater ordnance},
  journal = {Ordnance},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {49},
  number = {267},
  pages = {234--236}
}
Kiernan TJ (1964), "Predictions of the collapse strength of three HY-100 steel spherical hulls fabricated for the oceanographic research vehicle Alvin", In DTMB-. Washington, D.C. , pp. 41. David Taylor Model Basin.
BibTeX:
@book{Kiernan1964,
  author = {Kiernan, T J},
  title = {Predictions of the collapse strength of three HY-100 steel spherical hulls fabricated for the oceanographic research vehicle Alvin},
  booktitle = {DTMB-},
  publisher = {David Taylor Model Basin},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {41}
}
Learnard HH, Marquet WM and McCamis MJ (1964), "Twenty-four (24) man-hour test of Alvin's environmental system", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, MA , pp. 9. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Learnard1964,
  author = {Learnard, H H and Marquet, W M and McCamis, M J},
  title = {Twenty-four (24) man-hour test of Alvin's environmental system},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {9}
}
Learnard HH, McCamis MJ and Swinhart OL (1964), "Electrical and pressure tests of Alvin's electric through hull penetrators", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, MA , pp. 3. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Learnard1964a,
  author = {Learnard, H H and McCamis, M J and Swinhart, O L},
  title = {Electrical and pressure tests of Alvin's electric through hull penetrators},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {3}
}
Mavor JW (1964), "Preliminary memorandum on the weight, buoyancy and stability, speed, power, drag and thrust of the research submarine Alvin", In WHOI technical memoranda. Woods Hole, MA , pp. 32. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{Mavor1964,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Preliminary memorandum on the weight, buoyancy and stability, speed, power, drag and thrust of the research submarine Alvin},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical memoranda},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {32}
}
Pritzlaff JA and Munske RE (1964), "Manned submersibles of the world", Undersea Technology. Vol. 5(8), pp. 20-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Pritzlaff1964,
  author = {Pritzlaff, J A and Munske, R E},
  title = {Manned submersibles of the world},
  journal = {Undersea Technology},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {20--26}
}
Scott MK (1964), "A thousand fathoms and beyond", Sea Frontiers. Vol. 10(1), pp. 37-45.
BibTeX:
@article{Scott1964,
  author = {Scott, M K},
  title = {A thousand fathoms and beyond},
  journal = {Sea Frontiers},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--45}
}
Systems L (1964), "Operator and organizational maintenance instructions for Alvin", In Report. Waltham, Mass. Litton Systems Inc., Applied Science Division.
BibTeX:
@book{Systems1964,
  author = {Systems, Litton},
  title = {Operator and organizational maintenance instructions for Alvin},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Litton Systems Inc., Applied Science Division},
  year = {1964}
}
Torda TP (1964), "Surface stability and underwater drag investigations on the Alvin oceanographic submarine: Second preliminary report" Chicago, Ill. , pp. 25. Illinois Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@book{Torda1964,
  author = {Torda, T P},
  title = {Surface stability and underwater drag investigations on the Alvin oceanographic submarine: Second preliminary report},
  publisher = {Illinois Institute of Technology},
  year = {1964},
  pages = {25}
}
Torda TP (1964), "Proposal for experimental program for drag reduction of the Alvin oceanographic submarine" Chicago, Ill. Illinois Institute of Technology.
BibTeX:
@book{Torda1964a,
  author = {Torda, T P},
  title = {Proposal for experimental program for drag reduction of the Alvin oceanographic submarine},
  publisher = {Illinois Institute of Technology},
  year = {1964}
}
Walsh JB and Rainnie WO (1964), "Alvin, ocean research submarine", Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 86, pp. 22-26.
BibTeX:
@article{Walsh1964,
  author = {Walsh, J B and Rainnie, W O},
  title = {Alvin, ocean research submarine},
  journal = {Mechanical Engineering},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {22--26}
}
(1964), "Alvin high pressure test report", In Report. Waltham, Mass. Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Alvin high pressure test report},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
  year = {1964}
}
(1964), "Quality assurance report for Alvin project 6061: Aluminum spheres", In Report. Waltham, Mass. Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Quality assurance report for Alvin project 6061: Aluminum spheres},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
  year = {1964}
}
(1964), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period November 1, 1962 - December 31, 1963", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, MA Vol. 64-1, pp. var.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period November 1, 1962 - December 31, 1963},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {64-1},
  pages = {var.}
}
(1964), "WHOI commissions Alvin", Undersea Technology. Vol. 5(7), pp. 20.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {WHOI commissions Alvin},
  journal = {Undersea Technology},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {5},
  number = {7},
  pages = {20}
}
(1964), "Alvin buoyancy material test report, August 28, 1964, and supplement", In Report. Waltham, Mass. Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Alvin buoyancy material test report, August 28, 1964, and supplement},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
  year = {1964}
}
(1964), "Quality assurance report for Alvin project 7178: Aluminum spheres", In Report. Waltham, Mass. Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Quality assurance report for Alvin project 7178: Aluminum spheres},
  booktitle = {Report},
  publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
  year = {1964}
}
(1964), "Reinforced plastics in research submarine", Plastics World. Vol. 22(12), pp. 21.
BibTeX:
@article{,,
  title = {Reinforced plastics in research submarine},
  journal = {Plastics World},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {22},
  number = {12},
  pages = {21}
}
Briggs EM and DeHart RC (1963), "Experimental stress analysis and leak test for Alvin hull number 1", In Final Report. San Antonio, Tex. , pp. 47. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Briggs1963,
  author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis and leak test for Alvin hull number 1},
  booktitle = {Final Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {47}
}
Bynum DJ and DeHart RC (1963), "Experimental stress analysis of a model of the Alvin hull", In Final Report. San Antonio, Tex. , pp. 52. Southwest Research Institute.
BibTeX:
@book{Bynum1963,
  author = {Bynum, D J and DeHart, R C},
  title = {Experimental stress analysis of a model of the Alvin hull},
  booktitle = {Final Report},
  publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
  year = {1963},
  pages = {52}
}
Mavor JW (1963), "Structural design of a 6000 foot submergence manned oceanographic research vehicle", In Proceedings of David Taylor Model Basin Deep Submergence Structures Workshop, 3-5 December 1962. Washington, D.C. Vol. Vol. 1, pp. Report C-1327. David Taylor Model Basin.
BibTeX:
@incollection{Mavor1963,
  author = {Mavor, J W},
  title = {Structural design of a 6000 foot submergence manned oceanographic research vehicle},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of David Taylor Model Basin Deep Submergence Structures Workshop, 3-5 December 1962},
  publisher = {David Taylor Model Basin},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {Vol. 1},
  pages = {Report C--1327}
}
(1962), "Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 November 1961-31 October 1962", In WHOI technical reports. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 62-41, pp. 12. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Deep submergence research conducted during the period 1 November 1961-31 October 1962},
  booktitle = {WHOI technical reports},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {62-41},
  pages = {12}
}
(1962), "Specifications for the design and construction of a research submarine for operation to a depth of 6000 feet" Woods Hole, Mass. , pp. 24. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution..
BibTeX:
@book{,,
  title = {Specifications for the design and construction of a research submarine for operation to a depth of 6000 feet},
  publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.},
  year = {1962},
  pages = {24}
}